35 results on '"Di Silvestro R"'
Search Results
2. Agriculture and Agro-Industrial Wastes, Byproducts, and Wastewaters
- Author
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Petruccioli, M., primary, Raviv, M., additional, Di Silvestro, R., additional, and Dinelli, G., additional
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Environment and genotype effects on antioxidant properties of organically grown wheat varieties: a 3-year study
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DI SILVESTRO, R. ., DI LORETO, A., BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, Benedettelli, S., SEGURA CARRETERO, A., DINELLI, GIOVANNI, DI SILVESTRO, R ., DI LORETO, A., Bosi, S., Bregola, V., Marotti, I., Benedettelli, S., SEGURA-CARRETERO, A., and Dinelli, G
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Crops, Agricultural ,Genotype ,antioxidant activity ,Antioxidants ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,Phenols ,Species Specificity ,organic farming ,wheat ,Humans ,Triticum ,Flavonoids ,Organic Agriculture ,Molecular Structure ,Discriminant Analysis ,Reproducibility of Results ,Pigments, Biological ,Carotenoids ,carotenoid ,HPLC-MS ,polyphenol ,Italy ,Solubility ,Seeds ,Food, Organic ,Nutritive Value - Abstract
Wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.) possesses significant amounts of antioxidants that contribute to the dietary antiradical protection against a number of chronic diseases. Despite the increasing interest in organic food among both consumers and scientists, the availability of literature studies concerning the environment effect under organic management is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of wheat varieties by considering the genotype response to different environmental factors under biodynamic management.The soluble fraction of phenolic compounds was mainly determined by the environment, whereas a major genotypic effect was observed for the bound forms, which were present at higher amounts in red grain varieties. Moreover, a predominant effect of genotype was observed for yellow pigment content and antioxidant activity determined by the FRAP method. Despite some changes induced by environment, most genotypes had stable antioxidant properties and different phenolic profiles as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, except for the old variety Inallettabile, which was the most sensitive to environmental fluctuations.The red grain varieties Andriolo, Gentil rosso and Verna were identified as the most promising breeding material for the development of varieties with high nutraceutical value under low-input management. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
- Published
- 2016
4. Nutritional and nutraceutical aspects of KAMUT® khorasan wheat grown during the last two decades
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DI LORETO, A., primary, DI SILVESTRO, R., additional, DINELLI, G., additional, BREGOLA, V., additional, STENICO, V., additional, SFERRAZZA, R. E., additional, MAROTTI, I., additional, QUINN, R., additional, and BOSI, S., additional
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Novel Tow Methods for Deepwater Riser Towers Transportation in West-of-Africa Environment
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Di Silvestro, R., primary, Casola, F., additional, Fatica, G., additional, Di Mameli, A., additional, and Di Prandi, A., additional
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- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Intrinsic combustion instability of solid energetic materials
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DeLuca, L., primary, Di Silvestro, R., additional, and Cozzi, F., additional
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- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Using salinity to improve nutritional and market value of strawberries
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Mohammad Alnayef, Joseph Hartley, Francesco Orsini, Raffaella Di Silvestro, Rabab Sanoubar, Ilaria Marotti, Giorgio Gianquinto, Giovanni Dinelli, Norhawa Puniran- Hartley, Alnayef M., Hartley J., Orsini F., Di Silvestro R., Sanoubar R., Marotti I., Gianquinto G., Dinelli G., and Puniran-Hartley N.
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Salinity ,Phenolic ,Compatible solute ,Plant Science ,Antioxidant ,Strawberry ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Plants respond to salinity by producing antioxidants and osmolytes; some of these are nutritionally useful to humans (e.g. phenolics), or may improve the sensory quality of produce (e.g. sugars). For the current study, strawberries were irrigated with 0, 10, 20 or 40 mM NaCl, and the responses in antioxidants, phenolics, and flavour attributes were measured. A linear positive relationship was observed between salt stress and antioxidant concentrations, and the DPPH antioxidant assay responded more clearly than the FRAP assay. Phenolics were increased with statistical significance by salinity at all treatment levels, although trends differed between total phenolics and the subclasses anthocyanins and total flavonoids. It was seen that mild salinity (10 mM) with a low impact on yield could be used to increase antioxidants (6-10% above control) and total phenolics (11-16% above control). However differences between cultivars outweighed differences due to salinity in treatments below 20 mM NaCl. We found that sugars in strawberries (unlike other fruits) weren’t increased by salinity treatment. The lack of sugar increase can be explained by suggesting that organic acids are more important osmolytes than sugars for strawberries under salinity. However it was also determined that the failure of strawberries to increase their soluble sugars during salt stress can be explained by the lean nutrient regimes used by researchers, which don’t represent commercial production practices. Practically, mild salinity (≤20 mM) can be used to increase strawberry fruit value, but should be combined with an appropriate nutrient regime to avoid harm to flavour quality. The varieties Elsanta and Elsinore are both suitable for salt treatment, but Elsanta is better for antioxidant and phenolic production, as well as being more salt tolerant
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- 2022
8. Determination of phenolic compounds in modern and old varieties of durum wheat using liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry
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Lisetta Ghiselli, Raffaella Di Silvestro, Shaoping Fu, Stefano Benedettelli, Ilaria Marotti, Antonio Segura Carretero, Giovanni Dinelli, Alberto Fernández Gutiérrez, DINELLI G., SEGURA-CARRETERO A., DI SILVESTRO R., MAROTTI I., FU S., BENEDETTELLI S., GHISELLI S., and FERNANDEZ-GUTIERREZ A.
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Flavonoid ,Biochemistry ,Mass Spectrometry ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phenols ,Cluster Analysis ,HPLC–TOF-MS ,Cultivar ,Gallic acid ,Triticum ,Flavonoids ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Analysis of Variance ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Catechin ,General Medicine ,Phenolic acid ,MODERN AND OLD VARIETIES ,Proanthocyanidin ,Phytochemical ,FREE AND BOUND PHENOLICS ,DURUM WHEAT ,Food Analysis ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
An evaluation of the grain functional components of Italian durum wheat cultivars was conducted. The raw material was obtained from the field trial performed in 2006-2007 at the Experimental Farm of the University of Bologna, (Bologna, Italy). The aim of this study was to define the phytochemical profile of ten varieties, comprised of old and modern durum wheat genotypes, including quantitative and qualitative phenolic and flavonoid content (free and bound forms). The results showed that mean values of total phenolic compound and total flavonoid content in old wheat varieties (878.2+/-19.0 micromol gallic acid equivalent/100g of grain and 122.6+/-25.4 micromol catechin equivalent/100g of grain, respectively) did not differ significantly from those detected in modern genotypes (865.9+/-128.9 micromol gallic acid equivalent/100g and 123.5+/-20.6 micromol catechin equivalent/100g, respectively). However, the HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis highlighted remarkable differences between modern and old cultivars. The interpretation of the mass spectra allowed the identification of 70 phenolic compounds, including coumarins, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavones, isoflavones, proanthocyanidins, stilbenes and lignans. The free extracts of ancient wheat varieties showed the presence of a mean number of phenolic compounds and isomer forms (8.7+/-2.5 and 7.7+/-4.7 respectively) significantly higher than in modern genotypes (4.4+/-2.9 and 2.0+/-2.4, respectively). A similar trend was observed also for the bound phenolic fraction. Moreover, the phytochemical profiles showed the presence of unique phenolic compounds in both free and bound fractions of some of the investigated wheat genotypes. Results highlighted that investigated old wheat cultivars may offer unique nutraceutical values for their peculiar contents in bioactive phytochemicals, suggesting their uses into a wide range of regular and specialty products naturally enriched with health-promoting compounds.
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- 2009
9. Agronomic, nutritional and nutraceutical aspects of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars under low input agricultural management
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Sara Bosi, Stefano Benedettelli, Pietro Catizone, Ilaria Marotti, Mattia Accorsi, Raffaella Di Silvestro, Giovanni Dinelli, Lisetta Ghiselli, Alessandro Di Loreto, Valeria Bregola, Dinelli G., Marotti I., Di Silvestro R., Bosi S., Bregola V., Accorsi M., Di Loreto A., Benedettelli S., Ghiselli L., and Catizone P.
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,antioxidants ,media_common.quotation_subject ,dietary fibre ,lcsh:S ,Growing season ,food and beverages ,durum wheat ,Biology ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Adaptability ,Antioxidants ,Dietary fibre ,Durum wheat ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Nutrient ,Nutraceutical ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Phytochemical ,Yield (wine) ,low input agriculture ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,Cultivar ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Carotenoid ,media_common - Abstract
Among cereals, durum wheat has a central role in the Italian diet and economy, where there is a historical tradition of pasta making. In the present study, we evaluated the nutrient and nutraceutical properties of 2 old and 6 modern durum wheat varieties grown under low input agricultural management. Considering the lack of available data on the adaptability of existing durum wheat varieties to the low inputa nd organic sectors, the research aimed at providing a complete description of the investigated genotypes, considering the agronomic performance as well as the nutrient and phytochemical composition. The experimental trials were carried out at the same location (Bologna, Northern Italy) for two consecutive growing seasons (2006/2007, 2007/2008). No clear distinction between old and modern varieties was observed in terms of grain yield (mean values ranging from 2.5 to 4.0 t/ha), highlighting that the divergence in productivity, normally found between dwarf and non-dwarf genotypes, is strongly reduced when they are cropped under low input management. All durum wheat varieties presented high protein levels and, in addition, provided remarkable amounts of phytochemicals such as dietary fibre, polyphenols, flavonoids and carotenoids. Some of the investigated genotypes, such as Senatore Cappelli, Solex, Svevo and Orobel, emerged with intriguing nutritional and phytochemical profiles, with the highest levels of dietary fibre and antioxidant compounds. The study provided the basis for further investigations into the adaptability of the durum wheat genotypes to low input management, for the selection of genotypes characterised by higher yield and valuable nutrient and nutraceutical quality.
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- 2013
10. Metabolismo e principi attivi delle piante officinali
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MAROTTI, ILARIA, BOSI, SARA, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, DINELLI, GIOVANNI, Pietro Catizone, Lorenzo Barbanti, Ilaria Marotti, Giovanni Dinelli, Marotti I., Bosi S., Di Silvestro R., Bregola V., and Dinelli G.
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principi attivi ,processi post-raccolta ,coltivazione ,utilizzo ,piante officinali ,qualità - Abstract
Il termine piante officinali definisce un ampio gruppo di specie vegetali utilizzate, in passato, nelle officine farmaceutiche ma, in una accezione più ampia, include anche le piante per uso aromatico, cosmetico, colorante, biocida ed agrofunzionale. Questa categoria di piante ha avuto un grande interesse economico che si è perso, nel tempo, con l’evoluzione della chimica in grado di produrre, per via sintetica, quasi tutti “i principi attivi officinali”. L’odierna crescente richiesta di prodotti naturali, in grado di fornire effetti complessi che le molecole di sintesi non sempre assicurano, ha riaperto l’interesse per le piante officinali motivando la preparazione di un nuovo libro: Produzione ed impiego delle piante officinali. Quest’opera, frutto della collaborazione di un gruppo di specialisti, di seguito elencati, tratta, oltre che gli aspetti agronomici di un buon numero di specie anche il metabolismo, l’utilizzo, l’espressione dei principi attivi, gli aspetti economici e legislativi ed i processi post-raccolta delle piante officinali. Questo volume sostituisce quello di Catizone, Marotti, Toderi, Tétény stampato da Patron nel 1986: Coltivazione delle piante medicinali e aromatiche che, per un quarto di secolo, è stato un punto di riferimento per studenti ed operatori del settore. L’opera vuole fornire la cornice generale ove inquadrare la conoscenza professionale atta al consiglio terapeutico e all’uso delle piante officinali. Le molecole indicate costituiscono la base di conoscenza scientifica per il loro inserimento terapeutico in alcune patologie conclamate e nella medicina preventiva. Le molecole vegetali inserite nei loro naturali fitocomplessi possono realizzare, con l’aiuto del medico, una primaria azione coadiuvante la terapia farmacologica. Le piante officinali, ma anche le piante con i loro frutti ad uso alimentare, danno un valore superiore alla singola molecola che viene attivata e potenziata, nei suoi effetti, da altre molecole in esse contenute. In un tempo, come il nostro, in cui domina la medicina sintomatologica, per ogni segno e sintomo clinico è disponibile uno specifico farmaco, la conoscenza della complessità e specificità delle molecole contenute nelle piante officinali, apre nuove strade per “curare” le cause delle patologie umane ed animali.
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- 2013
11. Fattori agroambientali e qualità delle piante officinali
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DINELLI, GIOVANNI, MAROTTI, ILARIA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, Pietro Catizone, Lorenzo Barbanti, Ilaria Marotti, Giovanni Dinelli, Dinelli G., Marotti I., Bosi S., Bregola V., and Di Silvestro R.
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principi attivi ,processi post-raccolta ,coltivazione ,utilizzo ,piante officinali ,normativa ,qualità - Abstract
Il termine piante officinali definisce un ampio gruppo di specie vegetali utilizzate, in passato, nelle officine farmaceutiche ma, in una accezione più ampia, include anche le piante per uso aromatico, cosmetico, colorante, biocida ed agrofunzionale. Questa categoria di piante ha avuto un grande interesse economico che si è perso, nel tempo, con l’evoluzione della chimica in grado di produrre, per via sintetica, quasi tutti “i principi attivi officinali”. L’odierna crescente richiesta di prodotti naturali, in grado di fornire effetti complessi che le molecole di sintesi non sempre assicurano, ha riaperto l’interesse per le piante officinali motivando la preparazione di un nuovo libro: Produzione ed impiego delle piante officinali. Quest’opera, frutto della collaborazione di un gruppo di specialisti, di seguito elencati, tratta, oltre che gli aspetti agronomici di un buon numero di specie anche il metabolismo, l’utilizzo, l’espressione dei principi attivi, gli aspetti economici e legislativi ed i processi post-raccolta delle piante officinali. Questo volume sostituisce quello di Catizone, Marotti, Toderi, Tétény stampato da Patron nel 1986: Coltivazione delle piante medicinali e aromatiche che, per un quarto di secolo, è stato un punto di riferimento per studenti ed operatori del settore. L’opera vuole fornire la cornice generale ove inquadrare la conoscenza professionale atta al consiglio terapeutico e all’uso delle piante officinali. Le molecole indicate costituiscono la base di conoscenza scientifica per il loro inserimento terapeutico in alcune patologie conclamate e nella medicina preventiva. Le molecole vegetali inserite nei loro naturali fitocomplessi possono realizzare, con l’aiuto del medico, una primaria azione coadiuvante la terapia farmacologica. Le piante officinali, ma anche le piante con i loro frutti ad uso alimentare, danno un valore superiore alla singola molecola che viene attivata e potenziata, nei suoi effetti, da altre molecole in esse contenute. In un tempo, come il nostro, in cui domina la medicina sintomatologica, per ogni segno e sintomo clinico è disponibile uno specifico farmaco, la conoscenza della complessità e specificità delle molecole contenute nelle piante officinali, apre nuove strade per “curare” le cause delle patologie umane ed animali.
- Published
- 2013
12. Variability of phytochemical profiles in organic production: khorasan wheat case study
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DINELLI, GIOVANNI, MAROTTI, ILARIA, DI LORETO, ALESSANDRO, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, ACCORSI, MATTIA, Quinn R., Dinelli G., Marotti I., Di Loreto A., DI SILVESTRO R., Bosi S., Bregola V., Accorsi M., and Quinn R.
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antioxidant ,fibre ,organic ,khorasan wheat ,food and beverages ,bioactive compound - Abstract
It raises a great deal of recent interest that organic wheat constitutes valuable nutraceutical raw material for healthy food production and special dietary uses. In particular, khorasan wheat (T. turgidum ssp. turanicum) has attracted great attention because of its specific nutritional and functional properties (antioxidant, antitumoral and prebiotic activities). Currently, few data about fibre and antioxidant composition of organically grown Kamut® brand grains is available in literature and, as far as we know, the changes of their amounts as a function of cropping year and growing location have never been investigated. Moreover, this is the first study in which an organically grown crop is investigated in a region of such broad expanse, including several different environments, covering an area of approximately 180,000 km2 . The aim of the research was to provide an overview of the health- -promoting properties of Kamut® brand grains produced at different locations (Canada and USA) and to contribute to the understanding of the environmental dynamics affecting the phytochemical profile. A collection consisting of 109 samples of organic Kamut® brand grains harvested in different farms of North America in 2010, was characterized for agronomic traits, antioxidant compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids) and fibre components (soluble and insoluble dietary fibres, resistant starch). As regards the agronomic performance, the results demonstrated a high heterogeneity among samples. Yield, test weight and protein content varied within the intervals 0.30–1.69 t/ha, 49.2–61.1 kg/hl and 12.6– –16.6 g/100 g, respectively. As previously reported in literature, the content of health-promoting compounds is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. In fact, the investigated wheat grains showed great variability for the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents (133.6–223.4 and 28.6– –63.6 mg/100g, respectively). The insoluble fibre content varied between 12.55 and 20.25 g/100 g, while the soluble dietary fraction showed less heterogeneity(2.70–4.31 g/100 g). Concerning starch, statistically significant differences were observed between farms for the amounts of both the resistant and the total starch (0.22–1.5 and 57.7–66.4 g/100 g, respectively). The results of the research were computed using Geographic Information System (GIS) to develop quality maps that showed the variability of the phytochemical amounts among the North American farms and allowed the identification of areas in which bioactive compounds had accumulated at a higher level in the wheat grains. According to the present results, the choice of a growing location in which the accumulation of health-promoting compounds (i.e. polyphenols, fibres) is stimulated by specific climatic conditions may be a key factor for the production of organic wheat foodstuff as a functional food.
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- 2013
13. Prebiotic effect of soluble fibres from modern and old durum-type wheat varieties on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains
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Raffaella Di Silvestro, Sara Bosi, Diana Di Gioia, Giovanni Dinelli, Valeria Bregola, Ilaria Marotti, Irene Aloisio, Robert Quinn, MAROTTI I., BREGOLA V., ALOISIO I., DI GIOIA D., BOSI S., DI SILVESTRO R., QUINN R., and DINELLI G.
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Dietary Fiber ,Synbiotics ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ,law.invention ,Probiotic ,Species Specificity ,law ,Lactobacillus ,medicine ,Humans ,Food science ,Triticum ,Bifidobacterium ,ancient wheat ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Probiotics ,Prebiotic ,food and beverages ,durum wheat ,biology.organism_classification ,Bifidobacteriaceae ,Prebiotics ,Fermentation ,Seeds ,prebiotic ,soluble dietary fibres ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Lactobacillus plantarum ,probiotic ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Background Wheat grains are a rich source of dietary fibres, particularly in the western human diet. Many of the health effects attributed to dietary fibres are believed to be related to their microbial fermentation in the gut. This study evaluated the ability of two potentially probiotic strains, Lactobacillus plantarum L12 and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum B7003, to ferment soluble dietary fibres (SDFs) from modern and ancient durum-type wheat grains. Results Fibre microbial utilisation was highly variable and dependent on the strain. SDFs from the varieties Svevo and Solex supported the growth of L. plantarum L12 the best, whereas those from the varieties Anco Marzio, Solex and Kamut(®) Khorasan were good carbohydrate substrates for B. pseudocatenulatum B7003. The highest prebiotic activity scores (describing the extent to which prebiotics support selective growth of probiotics) for B7003 were obtained with SDFs from the varieties Solex (0.57), Kamut(®) Khorasan (0.56) and Iride (0.55), whereas for L12 the highest scores were achieved with the varieties Orobel (0.63), Kamut(®) Khorasan (0.56) and Solex (0.53). Conclusion The present study has identified some SDFs from durum-type wheat grains as suitable prebiotic substrates for the selective proliferation of B. pseudocatenulatum B7003 and L. plantarum L12 in vitro. The results provide the basis for the potential utilisation of wheat-based prebiotics as a component of synbiotic formulations.
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- 2012
14. Deoxynivalenol Content in Common and Durum Wheat Kernels of Old and Modern Cultivars Under Organic Farming
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DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, ACCORSI, MATTIA, DI LORETO, ALESSANDRO, PRODI, ANTONIO, NIPOTI, PAOLA, DINELLI, GIOVANNI, Di Silvestro R., Marotti I., Bosi S., Bregola V., Accorsi M., Di Loreto A., Prodi A., Nipoti P., and Dinelli G.
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old and modern varietie ,organic farming ,durum wheat ,common wheat ,mycotoxin - Abstract
The mycotoxin contamination of flours is an important concern of the organic sector, in which no fungicide can be applied to the crop. The most common toxin occurring in wheat flours is deoxynivalenol (DON) that belongs to the trichothecene class and is produced by several fungi of the Fusarium genus (mainly F. culmorum and F. graminearum). Two different field experimental trials were set up for two subsequent growing seasons (2009/2010; 2010/2011): 1) comparison between 1 modern (Palesio) and 5 old (Inallettabile, Andriolo, Gentil Rosso, Verna, Frassineto) common wheat varieties under organic farming; 2) comparison between one old durum-type (Kamut®Khorasan) and one modern durum wheat variety (Claudio) under organic farming. Different DON accumulation in the grains was observed comparing the two cropping years as a result of changing weather conditions: wheat varieties grown during the first cropping season presented higher mycotoxin levels (0.19 and 1.19 mg/kg for common and durum wheat, respectively) as compared to those observed in the second year (0.02 and 0.33 mg/kg for common and durum wheat, respectively). The higher DON levels of Kamut and Claudio flours confirmed the higher susceptibility of durum-type wheat to Fusarium head blight, but no differences were observed among genotypes for each wheat species. Interestingly, despite of the interdiction in using fungicides, in common wheat cultivars grown according to organic farming the mycotoxin content was lower than the legislative limits set for all the food categories, as indicated in the current EU regulation (EC N. 1126/2007).
- Published
- 2012
15. Aspetti agronomici , proprietà nutrizionali e nutraceutiche di varietà di frumento tenero (Triticum aestivum L.) coltivate a basso input
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DINELLI, GIOVANNI, MAROTTI, ILARIA, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, ACCORSI, MATTIA, DI LORETO, ALESSANDRO, CATIZONE, PIETRO, Benedettelli S., Ghiselli L., Dinelli G., Marotti I., Di Silvestro R., Bosi S., Bregola V., Accorsi M., Di Loreto A., Benedettelli S., Ghiselli L., and Catizone P.
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proprietà nutraceutiche ,coltivazione a basso input ,frumento tenero - Published
- 2012
16. Caratterizzazione nutrizionale e nutraceutica di Kamut® Khorasan e di frumento duro a differenti stadi di maturazione
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DINELLI, GIOVANNI, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, ACCORSI, MATTIA, DI LORETO, ALESSANDRO, CATIZONE, PIETRO, Benedettelli S., Whittaker A., Quinn R., Dinelli G., Di Silvestro R., Marotti I., Bosi S., Bregola V., Accorsi M., Di Loreto A., Catizone P., Benedettelli S., Whittaker A., and Quinn R.
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Kamut ,proprietà nutraceutiche ,frumento duro - Published
- 2012
17. Health-promoting phytochemicals of Italian common wheat varieties grown under low-input agricultural management
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DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, DINELLI, GIOVANNI, SEGURA CARRETERO A., SEDEJ I., MANDIC A., SAKAC M., BENEDETTELLI S., DI SILVESTRO R., MAROTTI I., BOSI S., BREGOLA V., SEGURA CARRETERO A., SEDEJ I., MANDIC A., SAKAC M., BENEDETTELLI S., and DINELLI G.
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Crops, Agricultural ,Dietary Fiber ,Organic Agriculture ,dietary fibre ,Flour ,food and beverages ,Polyphenols ,Reproducibility of Results ,Tocopherols ,Green Chemistry Technology ,Carotenoids ,Antioxidants ,Italy ,Species Specificity ,Functional Food ,wheat ,old varietie ,Seeds ,Food Quality ,Humans ,Food, Organic ,Seasons ,Nutritive Value ,Triticum - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The increasing interest in organic food products and environmental friendly practices has emphasised the importance of selecting crop varieties suitable for the low-input sector. Moreover, in recent years the relationship between diet and human health has gained much attention among consumers. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the agronomic performance and the nutrient and phytochemical composition of old and modern Italian wheat genotypes grown under low-input management. RESULTS: Research highlighted that several old wheat genotypes were comparable to the modern ones in terms of agronomic performance and nutrient content. Genotype and environmental conditions (growing season), as well as their interaction, significantly affected the phytochemical composition of wheat grains for most of the analysed bioactive compounds. High variability was observed among the wheat genotypes for dietary fibre (154.7–183.3 g kg−1), polyphenol (1.94–2.77 mg g−1), tocopherol (9.1–21.2mg kg−1) and carotenoid (701.4–3243 μg kg−1) content. CONCLUSION: The comparative study of old and modern wheat varieties highlighted that, under low-input conditions, ancient genotypes may equal modern ones in terms of agronomic traits and additionally provide nutraceutical value-added wheat grains. The most promising ancient varieties for the unique phytochemical profiles are Gentil rosso, Marzuolo d’aqui and Verna.
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- 2011
18. Agriculture and agro-Industrial wastes, byproducts, and wastewaters: origin, characteristics, and potential in bio-based-compounds production
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PETRUCCIOLI M., RAVIV M., DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, DINELLI, GIOVANNI, MURRAY MOO-YOUNG, MICHAEL BUTLER, COLIN WEBB, ANTONIO MOREIRA, BERNARD GRODZINSKI, Z F CUI & SPIROS AGATHOS, PETRUCCIOLI M., RAVIV M., DI SILVESTRO R., and DINELLI G.
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biorefinery ,green chemistry ,biofuel ,white biotechnology ,multifunctional food ingredient ,fine chemical ,valorization ,bio-based compound - Abstract
A survey of the origin, characteristics and possible re-uses of various agriculture and agro-industrial wastes and wastewaters is given. By-products and effluents often contain substances of high-added value that can be directly recovered or can represent a zero- or low-cost substrate for fermentation processes aimed at producing bio-fuels or bio-molecules of actual or potential commercial interest. At first, focus has been put on the general upgrading criteria and strategies. Then, a number of examples have been reported and examined concerning wastes and wastewaters such as residual agricultural and agro-industrial biomasses, relevant effluents (i.e., slaughterhouse, winery and starch industry wastewaters and whey) and by-products of the olive-oil extraction industry.
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- 2011
19. Profiles of phenolic compounds in modern and old common wheat varieties determined by liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry
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Antonio Segura-Carretero, Stefano Benedettelli, Lisetta Ghiselli, Alberto Fernadez-Gutierrez, David Arráez-Román, Giovanni Dinelli, Raffaella Di Silvestro, Ilaria Marotti, DINELLI G, SEGURA-CARRETERO A., DI SILVESTRO R., MAROTTI I., ARRÁEZ-ROMÁN D., BENEDETTELLI S., GHISELLI L., and FERNADEZ-GUTIERREZ A.
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Polyphenol ,Genotype ,Flavonoid ,Phytochemical ,Old varietie ,Biochemistry ,Mass Spectrometry ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Isomerism ,Cluster Analysis ,HPLC–TOF-MS ,Cultivar ,Common wheat ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Triticum ,Flavonoids ,Lignan ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Analysis of Variance ,Chromatography ,Plant Extracts ,Organic Chemistry ,Polyphenols ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Phenolic acid ,wheat ,phytochemicals ,polyphenols ,old varieties ,HPLC-TOF-MS ,Italy ,chemistry ,Proanthocyanidin ,Wheat - Abstract
The health-promoting properties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been largely attributed to the presence of unique phytochemicals of whole grains. The aim of this study was to profile the phenolic content of 16 old and 6 modern Italian wheat varieties, cropped in the same location and growing season. High variability was observed among the investigated wheat genotypes, both in the free and bound phenolic extracts. The total polyphenol content ranged from 885.5 to 1715.9 μmol GAE/100 g of grain and, on average, the bound fraction contributed for 72.0% to the total phenolic content. As regards the flavonoid content, the free fraction ranged from 50.7 to 106.1 μmol CE/100 g of grain and the bound fraction from 78.3 to 148.9 μmol CE/100 g of grain. Moreover, the interpretation of the mass spectra allowed the characterization of 34 phenolic compounds (104 including isomer forms) belonging to the phenolic acid, flavonoid, coumarin, stilbene, proanthocyanidin and lignan chemical classes. HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis highlighted remarkable differences in the phytochemical fingerprints of old and modern wheat varieties. Six ancient wheat genotypes (Bianco Nostrale, Frassineto, Gentil Rosso, Gentil Rosso Mutico, Marzuolo d'Aqui, Verna) showed phenolic profiles with a number of total compounds and isomer forms much higher than that identified in the modern cultivars. The present findings confirm that ancient wheat may represent a valuable source of biodiversity, especially as regards phenolic compounds. The investigated old wheat genotypes may be successfully used in breeding programs for developing bread wheat varieties with added value in terms of health-promoting phytochemicals.
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- 2011
20. Il progetto Bioframe. Trattamenti biologici innovativi per l'ottimizzazione della qualità fitosanitaria e nutraceutica in fragola
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BETTI, LUCIETTA, DINELLI, GIOVANNI, MAROTTI, ILARIA, ZURLA, MICHELA, TREBBI, GRAZIA, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, BOSI, SARA, Betti L., Dinelli G., Marotti I., Zurla M., Trebbi G., Di Silvestro R., Bregola V., and Bosi S.
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fragole ,sostanze estremamente diluite e dinamizzate - Abstract
Ad oggi il Trentino produce il 2% del totale fragolicolo italiano e con circa 4.500 tonnellate di prodotto annuo, questa coltura orticola rappresenta una rilevante risorsa territoriale. A livello regionale numerose sono le sagre e le fiere dedicate a questo frutto gustoso e la ricerca e la sperimentazione sul territorio di vecchie e nuove varietà fornisce agli operatori di settore e ai consumatori un’ampia gamma di forme, colori e sapori. La fragola tuttavia si può definire una coltura tutt’altro che facile sotto il profilo della gestione fitosanitaria. Numerosi insetti e acari, nonché funghi, virus e batteri fitopatogeni possono infatti colpire le coltivazioni causando danni ingenti. Sia che si tratti di produttori biologici che convenzionali, la scalarità della raccolta e i forti rischi di attacchi fungini proprio in prossimità della maturazione dei frutti, impongono a tutti i fragolicoltori una grande attenzione nell’impiego di mezzi di difesa per il rispetto dei tempi di carenza. L’opportunità quindi, di disporre di tecniche, mezzi e strategie in grado di preservare la sanità della coltura anche in questa fase critica, è un’esigenza molto sentita. Un possibile approccio eco-compatibile è rappresentato dall’impiego di trattamenti con sostanze di origine vegetale o minerale estremamente diluite e “dinamizzate” (sottoposte cioè ad una fase di agitazione meccanica tra una diluizione e l’altra) che, proprio grazie all’estrema diluizione, non comportano problemi di tossicità o accumulo nell’ambiente. L’impiego di tali trattamenti è attualmente limitato a realtà agricole di nicchia come quelle dell’agricoltura biodinamica, che comporta protocolli più rigorosi rispetto all’agricoltura biologica escludendo l’uso di qualsiasi composto chimico di sintesi pertutte le fasi produttive. Alcuni dei lavori sperimentali già condotti suggeriscono che tali trattamenti possano avere un ruolo sia nella cura che nella prevenzione delle malattie causate da alcuni agenti patogeni.
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- 2011
21. Profili Metabolomici di Varietà Antiche e Moderne di Frumento Tenero (Triticum aestivum L.)
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DINELLI, GIOVANNI, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, CATIZONE, PIETRO, Ghiselli L., Whittaker A., Benedettelli S., Segura Carretero A., Dinelli G., Di Silvestro R., Marotti I., Bosi S., Bregola V., Catizone P., Ghiselli L., Whittaker A., Benedettelli S., and Segura-Carretero A.
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Il grande interesse rivolto attualmente ai benefici derivanti dal consumo di alimenti funzionali, ha portato alla caratterizzazione di composti fitochimici presenti nei cereali e nelle diverse varietà. In questo contesto le cultivar antiche svolgono un ruolo di primo piano, in quanto caratterizzate da un peculiare contenuto in composti funzionali che conferisce loro spiccate proprietà nutraceutiche. Nella presente ricerca 16 varietà antiche (“Andriolo”, “Autonomia A”, “Autonomia B”, “Benco”, “Bianco Nostrale”, “Canove”, “Carosello”, “Frassineto”, “Gentil Bianco”, “Gentil Rosso”, “Gentil Rosso mutico”, “Inalettabile”, “Marzuolo d’Aqui”, “Marzuolo Val Punteria”, “Sieve”, “Verna”) e 6 moderne (“Bilancia”, “Bolero”, “Eureka”, “Mieti”, “Nobel”, “Palesio”) di frumento tenero sono state caratterizzate per il contenuto in composti fenolici bioattivi tramite approccio metabolomico. Le analisi relative al contenuto totale in polifenoli e flavonoidi non hanno evidenziato differenze significative tra varietà moderne e antiche. Tuttavia, il profilo fitochimico qualitativo è risultato notevolmente differente tra le accessioni oggetto di indagine. Le analisi in HPLC-TOF-MS hanno portato all’identificazione di oltre 60 composti fenolici, tra i quali cumarine acidi fenolici, antocianine, flavoni, isoflavoni, protoantocianidine, stilbeni e lignani. Sulla base della similarità dei profili fitochimici i genotipi di antica costituzione sono stati suddivisi in due gruppi. Il gruppo formato da Bianco Nostrale, Frassineto, Gentil Rosso, Gentil Rosso mutico, Marzuolo d’Aqui e Verna ha evidenziato, sia nella frazione libera che in quella legata, un numero medio di composti fenolici e di isomeri totali significativamente maggiore rispetto alle altre varietà oggetto di studio.Tra le varietà moderne, i profili metabolomici più ricchi sono stati osservati per Nobel e Palesio. Il contenuto peculiare in composti fenolici bioattivi di alcune varietà di antica costituzione (Bianco Nostrale, Frassineto, Gentil Rosso, Gentil Rosso mutico, Marzuolo d’Aqui e Verna) suggerisce un loro utilizzo in programmi di miglioramento genetico finalizzati all’ottenimento di varietà con caratteri qualitativi di pregio ed un più elevato contenuto in composti benefici per la salute. Tra le varietà moderne, Nobel appare il genotipo caratterizzato da un contenuto quali-quantitativo in polifenoli bioattivi superiore rispetto alle altre varietà di recente costituzione.
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- 2010
22. Phytochemical profile of wheat: health-promoting compounds of old and new Italian varieties
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MAROTTI, ILARIA, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, DINELLI, GIOVANNI, Segura Carretero A., Benedettelli S., Marotti I., Di Silvestro R., Segura Carretero A., Benedettelli S., and Dinelli G.
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food and beverages - Abstract
Numerous lines of research have categorized the cereals, within the context of a balanced diet, as having a protective function in human health. The relationship between the consumption of whole grain cereals and the reduction of chronic illness, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, strongly indicates the importance of functional properties contained in these foods. Such beneficial effects are partly attributed to the unique phytochemical content of whole grains. More recent studies on the health benefits of functional products from wheat have become increasingly more focussed on the importance of introducing phytochemicals through the use of different varieties. As a consequence, there is a renewed interest in the ancient varieties, particularly with regard to potential nutraceutical qualities. The aim of this research was to analyze the variability of the phytochemical profiles, with emphasis on health-promoting compounds, in a collection of soft (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum (Triticum durum L.) wheat, comprised of old and new Italian varieties. For each genotype both grain quality parameters (ashes, glucides, lipids, proteins, micronutrients, gluten) and bioactive/antioxidant compounds (carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, fibers, resistant starch, lignans) were investigated. In soft wheat varieties the old genotypes showed higher values of carotenoids, resistant starch, soluble dietary fibers, bound polyphenol fractions and lignans than those detected in modern varieties. Moreover, three lignan aglycon forms, namely arctigenin, isolariciresinol and syringaresinol, were exclusively identified in old wheat varieties (Dinelli et al., 2007). As regards durum wheat cultivars the superior functional quality of old grains concerned especially bound phenolic and flavonoid percentages, resistant starch and soluble dietary fibre contents. To summarize, results of the present study highlighted the high content and peculiar composition in bioactive compounds of most investigated old wheat varieties suggesting their uses into a wide range of regular and specialty food products naturally enriched with health-promoting compounds. Dinelli et al. (2007). Electrophoresis, 28, 4212–4219.
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- 2009
23. Elicitazione abiotica ed espressione di metaboliti secondari in germogli di fagiolo comune (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
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DINELLI, GIOVANNI, BREGOLA, VALERIA, BOSI, SARA, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, DINELLI G., BREGOLA V, BOSI S., DI SILVESTRO R., and MAROTTI I.
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Recenti studi individuano le leguminose da granella come piante funzionali, in quanto producono svariati composti appartenenti alla classe dei flavonoidi che oltre a determinare il colore del tegumento di alcune specie di fagiolo, possono migliorare le funzioni biologiche e ridurre il rischio di malattie croniche nell’uomo. La presente ricerca è stata condotta su un’accessione di fagiolo comune (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Verdone), allo scopo di valutare a livello del germoglio, l’effetto di stress abiotici (fisici e chimici) sui livelli di mRNA per l’enzima chalcone sintasi (CHS), sull’attività enzimatica di fenilalananina-ammonio liasi (PAL) e tirosina-ammonio liasi (TAL) (enzimi chiave nella sintesi dei flavonoidi) e sul contenuto in flavonoidi. I germogli di fagiolo, allo stadio di due foglie vere, sono stati sottoposti a trattamenti con elicitori fisici (radiazioni UV-B) e chimici (chitosano, acido b-amminobutirrico-BABA e bentonite). A 0, 6, 18, 24 e 48 ore dai trattamenti sono state effettuate le seguenti determinazioni sperimentali: 1) valutazione dell’mRNA per l’enzima CHS mediante PCR Real Time, 2) attività enzimatica mediante saggio spettrofotometrico, 3) contenuto in flavonoidi tramite RP-HPLC. L’irraggiamento con UV-B è risultato il migliore metodo di elicitazione (aumento, a 6 e 18 ore, dell’attività di PAL di 0,7 e 0,8 volte, aumento dei livelli di mRNA a 18 ore di 14 volte e aumento di 7 volte dei flavonoidi a 48 ore); anche i trattamenti con BABA e Bentonite hanno indotto un significativo aumento del contenuto in flavonoidi (rispettivamente di 6 volte a 18 ore e di 5,5 volte a 24 ore), mentre il chitosano non ha fornito rilevanti risultati. Alla luce dei risultati ottenuti e data la valenza nutraceutica dei flavonoidi, è evidente come sia importante sviluppare metodi biotecnologici per la loro produzione su larga scala. Inoltre si apre la concreta prospettiva di utilizzare il fagiolo nella nostra alimentazione non solo come granella, ma anche come germoglio.
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- 2009
24. Profilo fitochimico di varietà antiche e moderne di frumento duro (triticum turgidum ssp. durum): caratterizzazione quali-qualitativa di composti fenolici bioattivi
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DINELLI, GIOVANNI, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, BOSI, SARA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, CATIZONE, PIETRO, Ghiselli L., Benedettelli S., Segura Carretero A., Dinelli G., Di Silvestro R., Marotti I., Bosi S., Bregola V., Catizone P., Ghiselli L., Benedettelli S., and Segura Carretero A.
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Il grande interesse rivolto attualmente ai benefici derivanti dal consumo di alimenti funzionali, ha portato alla caratterizzazione di composti fitochimici presenti nei cereali e nelle diverse varietà. In questo contesto le cultivar antiche svolgono un ruolo di primo piano, in quanto caratterizzate da un peculiare contenuto in composti funzionali che conferisce loro spiccate proprietà nutraceutiche. Nella presente ricerca due varietà antiche (Senatore Cappelli, Urria), 7 varietà moderne (Anco Marzio, Claudio, Iride, Levante, Orobel, Solex, Svevo) di frumento duro (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) e un campione commerciale di Kamut (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum) sono state caratterizzate per il contenuto quantitativo e qualitativo in composti fenolici bioattivi. Le analisi hanno messo in evidenza che i valori medi del contenuto in polifenoli e flavonoidi totali nelle antiche varietà (878.2±19.0 µmol di acido gallico equivalenti/100 g di granella e 122.6±25.4 µmol di catechina equivalenti/100 g di granella, rispettivamente) non differiscono significativamente da quelli ottenuti per le varietà moderne (865.9±128.9 µmol di acido gallico equivalenti/100 g di granella e 123.5±20.6 µmol di catechina equivalenti/100 g di granella, rispettivamente). Tuttavia le analisi di spettrometria di massa (RRLC-TOF-MS) hanno evidenziato notevoli differenze tra i profili fitochimici delle dieci varietà studiate. Le accessioni antiche sono risultate caratterizzate da un numero medio di composti fenolici e isomeri significativamente più alto rispetto ai moderni genotipi. Inoltre è stata riscontrata la presenza di composti unici nei profili fitochimici di alcune varietà analizzate. Il peculiare contenuto in composti bioattivi delle varietà antiche studiate ne suggerisce l’utilizzo come fonte di biodiversità per programmi di miglioramento genetico, nonché per ottenere un prodotto finale naturalmente arricchito di composti benefici. Ulteriori studi sono in corso allo scopo di completare il profilo fitochimico (contenuto in carotenoidi, fibre solubili e insolubili, amido resistente) in genotipi antichi e moderni di frumento duro e tenero (Triticum aestivum L.).
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- 2009
25. Caratterizzazione quali-quantitativa di fitoestrogeni nei germogli di fagiolo comune (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
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DINELLI, GIOVANNI, BETTI, LUCIETTA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, TREBBI, GRAZIA, BOSI, SARA, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, CATIZONE, PIETRO, DINELLI G., BETTI L, MAROTTI I, TREBBI G, BOSI S., DI SILVESTRO R., BREGOLA V, and CATIZONE P.
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Da tempo è noto il ruolo “funzionale” svolto dai flavonoidi nel prevenire alterazioni e malattie degenerative dell’uomo. Tali composti sono presenti in quantità significative in diverse leguminose. Obiettivo della ricerca è stato sviluppare un protocollo produttivo per ottenere un elevato e costante contenuto in fitoestrogeni, per un utilizzo alimentare sia diretto che indiretto (integratori e preparati nutraceutici). La ricerca è stata condotta su 21 accessioni di fagiolo comune (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), disponibili come collezione di germoplasma presso l’Università di Bologna, e su 1 cultivar di soia (Pacific), nota per l’elevato tenore in isoflavoni. Le analisi per la determinazione dei fitoestrogeni sono state effettuate su materiale sano e coltivato in vitro. Il contenuto in fitoestrogeni è stato determinato tramite HPLC-DAD, dopo estrazione idroalcolica. Un primo screening effettuato sui semi delle 21 cultivars in esame hanno evidenziato l’assenza di isoflavoni e la presenza di flavonoli nel tegumento esterno in solo 7 accessioni. Nelle successive analisi, condotte a livello del germoglio, sono state valutate diverse condizioni di germinazione. I risultati hanno messo in evidenza come la mancata sterilizzazione combinata a germinazione su sabbia, in condizioni termo-luminose sub-ottimali abbiano indotto nei germogli una maggiore sintesi di composti funzionali. In particolare, il contenuto totale in flavonoidi è risultato compreso tra 81,4 e 3,1 ug/g di germoglio fresco (5-10 volte inferiore rispetto alla soia), mentre il contenuto in fitoestrogeni è risultato compreso tra 20,1 e 2,6 ug/g di germoglio fresco (5-8 volte inferiore rispetto alla soia). Questi dati evidenziano un marcato effetto del genotipo e delle condizioni di germinazione sul contenuto in composti funzionali. Ulteriori analisi effettuate confrontando due differenti stadi (2 cm e 2 foglie vere) e condizioni di crescita (buio e luce) hanno evidenziato che in stadi precoci di germinazione e al buio si ottengono concentrazioni maggiori di composti funzionali.
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- 2009
26. Cavolfiore (Brassica oleracea L.) coltivato in regime biologico: valutazione fitopatologica e nutraceutica
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BETTI, LUCIETTA, TREBBI, GRAZIA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, BREGOLA, VALERIA, BOSI, SARA, DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, DINELLI, GIOVANNI, Betti L., Trebbi G., Marotti I., Bregola V., Bosi S., Di Silvestro R., and Dinelli G.
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Il cavolfiore è una coltura ampiamente diffusa in Italia ed in particolare nelle Marche dove vengono coltivati diversi ecotipi locali in regime biologico. La presente ricerca è incentrata su un quadro fitopatologico caratterizzante l’agricoltura del territorio marchigiano: l’alternariosi del cavolfiore indotta da Alternaria brassicicola. A seguito della pubblicazione del Reg. (CE) 473 del 2002, che limita l’impiego del rame in agricoltura biologica in quanto fitotossico, è stata valutata l’efficacia di trattamenti estremamente diluiti e di composti naturali sul contenimento dell’alternariosi in cavolfiore. E’ stato effettuato uno screening preliminare per valutare l’efficacia di diversi trattamenti in prove in vitro: si è ottenuta una inibizione significativa della germinazione delle spore fungine con alcuni dei trattamenti saggiati, che sono poi stati scelti per la successiva prova di campo. Per tale prova, piante di Brassica oleracea L. cultivar clx 33247 sono state trapiantate allo stadio di tre foglie vere; il campo era suddiviso in 20 parcelle (4 repliche per trattamento e 6 piante per parcella) secondo uno schema a blocchi randomizzato e i trattamenti scelti sulla base del precedente screening sono stati: triossido di arsenico ultradiluito e dinamizzato (As2O3 dH 35), bentonite (10 g/l), acido ß-aminobutirrico (BABA, 5mM), H2O (controllo negativo) e ossicloruro di rame (Cu 3 g/l, controllo positivo). Nonostante non si sia verificata l’infezione fungina spontanea a causa di condizioni ambientali sfavorevoli, si sono potuti raccogliere dati di tipo agronomico e morfologico, che hanno mostrato alcune significative differenze tra trattati e controlli. Infine i cavolfiori ottenuti nella prova di campo sono stati caratterizzati da un punto di vista quali-quantitativo (analisi HPLC-DAD e dosaggio spettrofotometrico) per quanto riguarda il contenuto in glucosinolati, metaboliti secondari importanti sia come composti di difesa della pianta sia a livello nutraceutico, come plant food protection agents (PFPA). Dalle analisi è emerso che As2O3 dH 35 ha indotto un incremento nella sintesi dei glucosinolati rispetto al controllo. La sperimentazione condotta sembra evidenziare la possibilità di utilizzare alcuni dei trattamenti saggiati come integrazione ai sali di rame per lo sviluppo di un’agricoltura sostenibile; sono comunque in corso ulteriori studi per confermare i risultati ottenuti.
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- 2009
27. Interazione Genotipo-Ambiente nel determinare l’espressione di diverse componenti nutrizionali, funzionali e antinutrizionali in Phaseolus vulgaris L
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WHITTAKER A., MARTINELLI T., BENEDETTELLI S., DI SILVESTRO, RAFFAELLA, BOSI, SARA, MAROTTI, ILARIA, DINELLI, GIOVANNI, WHITTAKER A., MARTINELLI T., DI SILVESTRO R., BOSI S., MAROTTI I., DINELLI G., and BENEDETTELLI S.
- Abstract
Il contenuto in composti nutrizionali, funzionali e antinutrizionali dei legumi varia in risposta a diverse fattori genetici e ambientali. I carboidrati, incluso amido, saccarosio e fibra insolubile, sono importanti composti nutrizionali nel fagiolo comune (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Il crescente interesse nei confronti dei composti funzionali del fagiolo è in gran parte da attribuirsi alla presenza di polifenoli e fibre. Nonostante le rilevanti potenzialità alimentari, i consumatori guardano al fagiolo con diffidenza a causa dei disturbi intestinali che tale alimento può causare. Infatti, tra i principali fattori antinutrizionali del fagiolo, sono presenti alcuni oligosaccaridi della famiglia del raffinosio (RFO), tra cui il raffinosio, lo stachiosio e il verbascosio. Le fibre solubili (SDF, inclusa la frazione dell’amido resistente) e gli zuccheri RFO sono indigeribili, ma rappresentano una fonte preferenziale di carbonio per il microbiota intestinale. Questa azione prebiotica può generare meteorismo, in quanto questi composti vengono fermentati dai microrganismi intestinal. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è stato quello di valutare il ruolo della diversità genetica ed ambientale in relazione al contenuto di composti derivati dai carboidrati quali amido, fibre e zuccheri RFO. Per tale finalità sono stati utilizzate quattro accessioni di fagiolo comune (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): due cultivar moderne (Cannellino e Verdone) e due ecotipi (fagiolo Zolfino del Pratomagno e fagiolo Garliano). I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che sia il genotipo delle accessioni analizzate che l’ambiente di coltivazione giocano un ruolo essenziale nell’accumulo delle componenti prese in esame (fattori nutrizionali, funzionali ed antinutrizionali), ed in particolare sul contenuto dei composti responsabili della flatulenza. Tra le accessioni analizzate, Garliano e Verdone mostrano un contenuto in frazione solubile totale (TSF) significativamente minore rispetto all’ecotipo Zolfino del Pratomagno e alla cultivar Cannellino. Incrementi nel contenuto di fibra solubile (SDF) sono stati registrati in ambienti di coltivazione localizzati ad altitudini più elevate.
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- 2009
28. Environment and genotype effects on antioxidant properties of organically grown wheat varieties: a 3-year study.
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Di Silvestro R, Di Loreto A, Bosi S, Bregola V, Marotti I, Benedettelli S, Segura-Carretero A, and Dinelli G
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- Antioxidants chemistry, Antioxidants metabolism, Carotenoids analysis, Carotenoids biosynthesis, Carotenoids chemistry, Crops, Agricultural genetics, Crops, Agricultural growth & development, Crops, Agricultural metabolism, Discriminant Analysis, Flavonoids analysis, Flavonoids biosynthesis, Flavonoids chemistry, Humans, Italy, Molecular Structure, Nutritive Value, Phenols analysis, Phenols chemistry, Phenols metabolism, Pigments, Biological analysis, Pigments, Biological biosynthesis, Reproducibility of Results, Seeds genetics, Seeds growth & development, Seeds metabolism, Solubility, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Species Specificity, Triticum genetics, Triticum growth & development, Triticum metabolism, Antioxidants analysis, Crops, Agricultural chemistry, Food, Organic analysis, Genotype, Organic Agriculture, Seeds chemistry, Triticum chemistry
- Abstract
Background: Wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.) possesses significant amounts of antioxidants that contribute to the dietary antiradical protection against a number of chronic diseases. Despite the increasing interest in organic food among both consumers and scientists, the availability of literature studies concerning the environment effect under organic management is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of wheat varieties by considering the genotype response to different environmental factors under biodynamic management., Results: The soluble fraction of phenolic compounds was mainly determined by the environment, whereas a major genotypic effect was observed for the bound forms, which were present at higher amounts in red grain varieties. Moreover, a predominant effect of genotype was observed for yellow pigment content and antioxidant activity determined by the FRAP method. Despite some changes induced by environment, most genotypes had stable antioxidant properties and different phenolic profiles as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, except for the old variety Inallettabile, which was the most sensitive to environmental fluctuations., Conclusion: The red grain varieties Andriolo, Gentil rosso and Verna were identified as the most promising breeding material for the development of varieties with high nutraceutical value under low-input management. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.)
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Responses of peripheral blood mononucleated cells from non-celiac gluten sensitive patients to various cereal sources.
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Valerii MC, Ricci C, Spisni E, Di Silvestro R, De Fazio L, Cavazza E, Lanzini A, Campieri M, Dalpiaz A, Pavan B, Volta U, and Dinelli G
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- Adult, Aged, Autoimmune Diseases blood, Celiac Disease blood, Edible Grain chemistry, Food Hypersensitivity immunology, Glutens chemistry, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Triticum chemistry, Young Adult, Diet, Gluten-Free methods, Edible Grain immunology, Glutens immunology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology, Triticum immunology
- Abstract
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is still an undefined syndrome whose triggering mechanisms remain unsettled. This study aimed to clarify how cultured peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMC) obtained from NCGS patients responded to contact with wheat proteins. Results demonstrated that wheat protein induced an overactivation of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL10 in PBMC from NCGS patients, and that the overactivation level depends on the cereal source from which proteins are obtained. CXCL10 is able to decrease the transepithelial resistance of monolayers of normal colonocytes (NCM 460) by diminishing the mRNA expression of cadherin-1 (CDH1) and tight junction protein 2 (TJP2), two primary components of the tight junction strands. Thus, CXCL10 overactivation is one of the mechanisms triggered by wheat proteins in PBMC obtained from NCGS patients. This mechanism is activated to a greater extent by proteins from modern with respect to those extracted from ancient wheat genotypes., (Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Health-promoting phytochemicals of Italian common wheat varieties grown under low-input agricultural management.
- Author
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Di Silvestro R, Marotti I, Bosi S, Bregola V, Carretero AS, Sedej I, Mandic A, Sakac M, Benedettelli S, and Dinelli G
- Subjects
- Antioxidants analysis, Antioxidants metabolism, Carotenoids analysis, Carotenoids metabolism, Crops, Agricultural chemistry, Crops, Agricultural growth & development, Crops, Agricultural metabolism, Dietary Fiber analysis, Dietary Fiber metabolism, Flour analysis, Food, Organic analysis, Humans, Italy, Nutritive Value, Polyphenols analysis, Polyphenols metabolism, Reproducibility of Results, Seasons, Seeds chemistry, Seeds metabolism, Species Specificity, Tocopherols analysis, Tocopherols metabolism, Triticum chemistry, Triticum metabolism, Food Quality, Functional Food analysis, Green Chemistry Technology, Organic Agriculture methods, Seeds growth & development, Triticum growth & development
- Abstract
Background: The increasing interest in organic food products and environmental friendly practices has emphasised the importance of selecting crop varieties suitable for the low-input sector. Moreover, in recent years the relationship between diet and human health has gained much attention among consumers. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the agronomic performance and the nutrient and phytochemical composition of old and modern Italian wheat genotypes grown under low-input management., Results: Research highlighted that several old wheat genotypes were comparable to the modern ones in terms of agronomic performance and nutrient content. Genotype and environmental conditions (growing season), as well as their interaction, significantly affected the phytochemical composition of wheat grains for most of the analysed bioactive compounds. High variability was observed among the wheat genotypes for dietary fibre (154.7-183.3 g kg⁻¹), polyphenol (1.94-2.77 mg g⁻¹), tocopherol (9.1-21.2 mg kg⁻¹) and carotenoid (701.4-3243 µg kg⁻¹) content., Conclusion: The comparative study of old and modern wheat varieties highlighted that, under low-input conditions, ancient genotypes may equal modern ones in terms of agronomic traits and additionally provide nutraceutical value-added wheat grains. The most promising ancient varieties for the unique phytochemical profiles are Gentil rosso, Marzuolo d'aqui and Verna., (Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Prebiotic effect of soluble fibres from modern and old durum-type wheat varieties on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains.
- Author
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Marotti I, Bregola V, Aloisio I, Di Gioia D, Bosi S, Di Silvestro R, Quinn R, and Dinelli G
- Subjects
- Fermentation, Humans, Seeds chemistry, Species Specificity, Triticum classification, Bifidobacterium metabolism, Dietary Fiber metabolism, Lactobacillus metabolism, Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics, Triticum chemistry
- Abstract
Background: Wheat grains are a rich source of dietary fibres, particularly in the western human diet. Many of the health effects attributed to dietary fibres are believed to be related to their microbial fermentation in the gut. This study evaluated the ability of two potentially probiotic strains, Lactobacillus plantarum L12 and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum B7003, to ferment soluble dietary fibres (SDFs) from modern and ancient durum-type wheat grains., Results: Fibre microbial utilisation was highly variable and dependent on the strain. SDFs from the varieties Svevo and Solex supported the growth of L. plantarum L12 the best, whereas those from the varieties Anco Marzio, Solex and Kamut(®) Khorasan were good carbohydrate substrates for B. pseudocatenulatum B7003. The highest prebiotic activity scores (describing the extent to which prebiotics support selective growth of probiotics) for B7003 were obtained with SDFs from the varieties Solex (0.57), Kamut(®) Khorasan (0.56) and Iride (0.55), whereas for L12 the highest scores were achieved with the varieties Orobel (0.63), Kamut(®) Khorasan (0.56) and Solex (0.53)., Conclusion: The present study has identified some SDFs from durum-type wheat grains as suitable prebiotic substrates for the selective proliferation of B. pseudocatenulatum B7003 and L. plantarum L12 in vitro. The results provide the basis for the potential utilisation of wheat-based prebiotics as a component of synbiotic formulations., (Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Profiles of phenolic compounds in modern and old common wheat varieties determined by liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Dinelli G, Segura-Carretero A, Di Silvestro R, Marotti I, Arráez-Román D, Benedettelli S, Ghiselli L, and Fernadez-Gutierrez A
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Cluster Analysis, Flavonoids chemistry, Genotype, Isomerism, Italy, Plant Extracts chemistry, Polyphenols chemistry, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Flavonoids analysis, Mass Spectrometry methods, Polyphenols analysis, Triticum chemistry, Triticum classification, Triticum genetics
- Abstract
The health-promoting properties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been largely attributed to the presence of unique phytochemicals of whole grains. The aim of this study was to profile the phenolic content of 16 old and 6 modern Italian wheat varieties, cropped in the same location and growing season. High variability was observed among the investigated wheat genotypes, both in the free and bound phenolic extracts. The total polyphenol content ranged from 885.5 to 1715.9 μmol GAE/100 g of grain and, on average, the bound fraction contributed for 72.0% to the total phenolic content. As regards the flavonoid content, the free fraction ranged from 50.7 to 106.1 μmol CE/100 g of grain and the bound fraction from 78.3 to 148.9 μmol CE/100 g of grain. Moreover, the interpretation of the mass spectra allowed the characterization of 34 phenolic compounds (104 including isomer forms) belonging to the phenolic acid, flavonoid, coumarin, stilbene, proanthocyanidin and lignan chemical classes. HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis highlighted remarkable differences in the phytochemical fingerprints of old and modern wheat varieties. Six ancient wheat genotypes (Bianco Nostrale, Frassineto, Gentil Rosso, Gentil Rosso Mutico, Marzuolo d'Aqui, Verna) showed phenolic profiles with a number of total compounds and isomer forms much higher than that identified in the modern cultivars. The present findings confirm that ancient wheat may represent a valuable source of biodiversity, especially as regards phenolic compounds. The investigated old wheat genotypes may be successfully used in breeding programs for developing bread wheat varieties with added value in terms of health-promoting phytochemicals., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Determination of phenolic compounds in modern and old varieties of durum wheat using liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Dinelli G, Carretero AS, Di Silvestro R, Marotti I, Fu S, Benedettelli S, Ghiselli L, and Gutiérrez AF
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Cluster Analysis, Flavonoids chemistry, Food Analysis methods, Phenols chemistry, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Flavonoids analysis, Mass Spectrometry methods, Phenols analysis, Triticum chemistry
- Abstract
An evaluation of the grain functional components of Italian durum wheat cultivars was conducted. The raw material was obtained from the field trial performed in 2006-2007 at the Experimental Farm of the University of Bologna, (Bologna, Italy). The aim of this study was to define the phytochemical profile of ten varieties, comprised of old and modern durum wheat genotypes, including quantitative and qualitative phenolic and flavonoid content (free and bound forms). The results showed that mean values of total phenolic compound and total flavonoid content in old wheat varieties (878.2+/-19.0 micromol gallic acid equivalent/100g of grain and 122.6+/-25.4 micromol catechin equivalent/100g of grain, respectively) did not differ significantly from those detected in modern genotypes (865.9+/-128.9 micromol gallic acid equivalent/100g and 123.5+/-20.6 micromol catechin equivalent/100g, respectively). However, the HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis highlighted remarkable differences between modern and old cultivars. The interpretation of the mass spectra allowed the identification of 70 phenolic compounds, including coumarins, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavones, isoflavones, proanthocyanidins, stilbenes and lignans. The free extracts of ancient wheat varieties showed the presence of a mean number of phenolic compounds and isomer forms (8.7+/-2.5 and 7.7+/-4.7 respectively) significantly higher than in modern genotypes (4.4+/-2.9 and 2.0+/-2.4, respectively). A similar trend was observed also for the bound phenolic fraction. Moreover, the phytochemical profiles showed the presence of unique phenolic compounds in both free and bound fractions of some of the investigated wheat genotypes. Results highlighted that investigated old wheat cultivars may offer unique nutraceutical values for their peculiar contents in bioactive phytochemicals, suggesting their uses into a wide range of regular and specialty products naturally enriched with health-promoting compounds.
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- 2009
- Full Text
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34. Metabolomics of plant saponins: bioprospecting triterpene glycoside diversity with respect to mammalian cell targets.
- Author
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Joshi L, Van Eck JM, Mayo K, Di Silvestro R, Blake Nieto ME, Ganapathi T, Haridas V, Gutterman JU, and Arntzen CJ
- Subjects
- Acacia metabolism, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Apoptosis, Cell Division, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Jurkat Cells, Models, Chemical, NF-kappa B metabolism, Palmitic Acid pharmacology, Plasmids metabolism, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rhizobium metabolism, Saponins analysis, Saponins metabolism, Succinic Acid pharmacology, Time Factors, Triterpenes chemistry, Glycosides chemistry, Glycosides metabolism, Plants metabolism, Saponins chemistry
- Abstract
One of the goals of cancer chemotherapy and prevention is the discovery of compounds that are relatively selective to tumor cells and, therefore, have reduced effects on normal cell growth. In previously published studies, it was shown that certain triterpene saponins (called avicins) from a desert tree, Acacia victoriae, are selectively toxic to tumor cells at very low doses (IC(50): 0.2 microg/mL for Jurkat cells). To extend this research to human clinical studies, we needed to find a reliable supply of avicins and have developed a transformed "hairy root" culture as a means of biomass production. Protocols were optimized for A. victoriae micropropagation; after a boiling water treatment, A. victoriae seeds were maintained under in vitro conditions on defined media. Embryo-axis explants from shoot tips were removed and infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes Conn (R 1000) for hairy root induction. Plasmid integration was confirmed by PCR analysis with a primer set for a segment of the rol B gene. Culture conditions have been optimized for root biomass production, and various inducers have been investigated for enhancement of avicin production. Hairy root cultures were compared with intact pod tissue from field-grown sources for avicin content following partial purification of triterpene glycosides and HPLC separation of the secondary metabolites. From bioassays of the collected HPLC fractions, we have identified putative triterpene "metabolic clusters" with enhanced activity against tumor cells. This now provides a system for both production of clinical trial lots of active samples, but also a means to correlate structure of individual triterpene glycosides with specific cellular target activity in mammalian cells.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The quality of nutrition articles in Free Radical Biology & Medicine.
- Author
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Di Silvestro R
- Subjects
- Free Radicals, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Publishing standards
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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