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With the incredible growth of the scale and complexity of datasets, creating proper visualizations for users becomes more and more challenging in large datasets. Though several visualization recommendation systems have been proposed, so far, the lack of practical engineering inputs is still a major concern regarding the usage of visualization recommendations in the industry. In this paper, we proposed AVA, an open-sourced web-based framework for Automated Visual Analytics. AVA contains both empiric-driven and insight-driven visualization recommendation methods to meet the demands of creating aesthetic visualizations and understanding expressible insights respectively. The code is available at https://github.com/antvis/AVA.

Abstract Sleep, locomotor and social activities are essential animal behaviors, but their reciprocal relationships and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we elicit information from a cutting-edge large-language model (LLM), generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) 3.5, which interprets 10.2–13.8% of Drosophila genes known to regulate the 3 behaviors. We develop an instrument for simultaneous video tracking of multiple moving objects, and conduct a genome-wide screen. We have identified 758 fly genes that regulate sleep and activities, including mre11 which regulates sleep only in the presence of conspecifics, and NELF-B which regulates sleep regardless of whether conspecifics are present. Based on LLM-reasoning, an educated signal web is modeled for understanding of potential relationships between its components, presenting comprehensive molecular signatures that control sleep, locomotor and social activities. This LLM-aided strategy may also be helpful for addressing other complex scientific questions.

A novel meta steel with negative Poisson’s ratio effect (termed as micro-NPR steel) is developed for rock support in deep underground engineering. It possesses high strength, high ductility, and high energy absorption characteristics. In this paper, static tension and modified dynamic drop hammer tests are performed on this novel material to investigate its mechanical properties first. Then based on this material, a new generation of micro-NPR anchor cable is developed and applied in field tests subjected to blasting dynamic loads. The results of laboratory tests reveal that the ultimate elongation of micro-NPR steel under dynamic impacts is more than 30% and it is over 1.5 times that of Q235; the plastic and total energy absorption of micro-NPR are both significantly higher than that of Q235. Field test indicates the fine controlling effect of micro-NPR anchor cable on surrounding rock mass under dynamic loads. Axial force confirms that micro-NPR cables can distribute and absorb the dynamic energy uniformly around the supported rock when subjected to dynamic disturbance, avoiding local failure induced by excessive stress concentration. The excavation compensation principle and energy-absorbing characteristics are used to explain the support mechanisms. Thus, micro-NPR material and anchor cable can control and prevent dynamic disasters in deep underground engineering effectively.

Rockburst disasters occur frequently during deep underground excavation, yet traditional concepts and methods can hardly meet the requirements for support under high geo-stress conditions. Consequently, rockburst control remains challenging in the engineering field. In this study, the mechanism of excavation-induced rockburst was briefly described, and it was proposed to apply the excavation compensation method (ECM) to rockburst control. Moreover, a field test was carried out on the Qinling Water Conveyance Tunnel. The following beneficial findings were obtained: Excavation leads to changes in the engineering stress state of surrounding rock and results in the generation of excess energy ΔE, which is the fundamental cause of rockburst. The ECM, which aims to offset the deep excavation effect and lower the risk of rockburst, is an active support strategy based on high pre-stress compensation. The new negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) bolt developed has the mechanical characteristics of high strength, high toughness, and impact resistance, serving as the material basis for the ECM. The field test results reveal that the ECM and the NPR bolt succeed in controlling rockburst disasters effectively. The research results are expected to provide guidance for rockburst support in deep underground projects such as Sichuan–Xizang Railway.

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant epithelial salivary gland neoplasm that most frequently occurs in the salivary glands. However, primary ACC of the lung is extremely rare. Due to its low incidence and the lack of related literature, clinicians lack relevant knowledge. It is prone to misdiagnosis, which delays the treatment of patients. Thus, we report a case of primary ACC of the lung confirmed via surgery and pathology, together with a review of relevant literature, in order to summarize the CT imaging manifestations and the value of CT in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The aim of this case report was to improve the understanding of primary ACC of the lung and to improve the diagnostic abilities.

Abstract Further increasing the critical temperature and/or decreasing the stabilized pressure are the general hopes for the hydride superconductors. Inspired by the low stabilized pressure associated with Ce 4f electrons in superconducting cerium superhydride and the high critical temperature in yttrium superhydride, we carry out seven independent runs to synthesize yttrium-cerium alloy hydrides. The synthetic process is examined by the Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction measurements. The superconductivity is obtained from the observed zero-resistance state with the detected onset critical temperatures in the range of 97-141 K. The upper critical field towards 0 K at pressure of 124 GPa is determined to be between 56 and 78 T by extrapolation of the results of the electrical transport measurements at applied magnetic fields. The analysis of the structural data and theoretical calculations suggest that the phase of Y0.5Ce0.5H9 in hexagonal structure with the space group of P63/m m c is stable in the studied pressure range. These results indicate that alloying superhydrides indeed can maintain relatively high critical temperature at relatively modest pressures accessible by laboratory conditions.

Objective: To explore the mulyi-slice computed tomograpy (MSCT) imaging characteristics of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoma tissue. Methods: The clinical data and MSCT findings of eight cases of pulmonary MALT lymphoma confirmed by pathology in our hospital from February 2014 to July 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The causes of misdiagnosis were also analyzed. Results: Five patients underwent plain and enhanced chest CT scans, and three underwent plain chest CT scans alone. Among the eight patients, four had a single focus, four had multiple foci, and seven showed large patches of high-density shadows. All patients showed air bronchogram, and one showed mixed density patches. CT enhancement showed moderate enhancement in four cases, slight enhancement in one case, and angiography sign in four cases. Conclusion: Primary MALT lymphoma of the lung is an inert tumor with low-grade malignancy. The MSCT findings have certain characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain diseased tissues in time for pathological examination and immunohistochemistry to make a clear diagnosis.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical, pathological, and imaging features of primary undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma of the sellar region to improve the ability of imaging and differential diagnosis. Methods: The clinicopathological features and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations of a case with primary undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma of the sellar region confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed, and the literature was reviewed and summarized. Results: CT showed a node in the right sellar region, reinforcement under-uniform reinforcement and affects adjacent skull; MRI showed homogeneous hypointensity on the T1-weighted image, hyperintense on the T2-weighted image, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and diffusion-weighted imaging; and significantly reinforcement with smooth margin on reinforcement scanning. Bone destruction was seen near the posterior clinoid process of the sella turcica. Conclusion: Primary undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma of the sellar region is rare, and its clinical and imaging findings are not significantly specific. Therefore, the diagnosis requires histopathological examination.

Introduction Multi-morbidity is a public health priority as it is associated with an increased risk of mortality and a substantial healthcare burden. Smoking is considered a predisposing factor for multi-morbidity, but evidence for an association between multi-morbidity and nicotine dependence is insufficient. This study aimed to explore the association between smoking status, nicotine dependence, and multi-morbidity in China. Methods We recruited 11031 Chinese citizens from 31 provinces in 2021 using a multistage stratified cluster sampling strategy to ensure the study population represented national population characteristics. The association between smoking status and multi-morbidity was analyzed using binary logistic regression and multinomial logit regression models. We then analyzed the associations between four kinds of smoking status (age at smoking initiation, cigarette consumption per day, smoking when ill in bed, and inability to control smoking in public places), nicotine dependence, and multi-morbidity among participants who were current smokers. Results Compared with non-smokers, the odds of multi-morbidity were higher among ex-smokers (adjusted odd ratio, AOR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.07–1.85). The risk of multi-morbidity was greater in participants who were underweight/overweight/ obese (AOR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.60–2.26) compared with those who were normal weight. and also greater for drinkers (AOR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.09–1.63) than nondrinkers. Compared with children who began smoking at the age of 18 years had a lower likelihood of multi-morbidity (AOR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.32–0.83). People who consumed ≥31 cigarettes per day (AOR=3.77; 95% CI: 1.47–9.68) and those who smoked when ill in bed (AOR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.10–2.64) were more likely to have multi-morbidity. Conclusions Our findings show that smoking behavior, including initiation age, frequency of daily smoking, and still smoking during illness or in public, is a critical risk factor for multi-morbidity, especially when combined with alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and abnormal weight (underweight, overweight, or obese). This highlights the crucial effect of smoking cessation in the prevention and control of multi-morbidity, especially in patients with three or more diseases. Implementing smoking and lifestyle interventions to promote health would both benefit adults and prevent the next generation from initiating habits that increase the risk of multi-morbidity.

Abstract In‐pond raceway systems (IPRS) are a high‐density ecological green pond aquaculture mode, which has developed rapidly in China in recent years. This study evaluated the flesh quality and physiological response of grass carp under the IPRS mode. Compared with the traditional earthen pond (EP) mode, the grass carp hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index under the IPRS mode are significantly (p

Background: Lunges are common in badminton. Distance and foot position affect knee joint loadings under lunges, which are closely related to knee injury incidence. Investigations involving dynamic knee motion in vivo, kinetics, and muscle activation in lunges, especially during lunges of different distances and foot positions, are instrumental for understanding knee performance and injury risks of players.Methods: A total of 10 experienced badminton athletes (10 females; height, 164.5 ± 5.0 cm; weight, 59.3 ± 6.0 kg; and age, 22 ± 1.0 years) were recruited. By using a high-speed dual fluoroscopic imaging system, Qualisys motion capture system, Kistler force plate, and Delsys electromyography simultaneously, data were collected during players’ 1.5 times leg length lunge, the maximum lunge, and the maximum lunge while the foot rotated externally. Magnetic resonance and dual fluoroscopic imaging techniques were used to analyze the in vivo knee kinematics.Results: Compared with the 1.5 times leg length lunge, knee flexion for the maximum lunge increased significantly (p < 0.05). The anterior–posterior ground reaction force (GRF) and vertical GRF of the maximum lunge were significantly higher than those of the 1.5 times leg length lunge. During the two different foot position lunges with the maximum distance, the posterior translation of knee joint was larger (p < 0.05) when the foot rotated externally than the normal maximum lunge. Moreover, the anterior–posterior GRF and vertical GRF increased significantly when the foot rotated externally. Significant differences were observed in valgus–varus rotation torque and internal–external rotation torque of the knee joint under the two distance lunges and two foot position lunges (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in knee muscle activation during the two distance lunges and during the two foot position lunges.Conclusion: High knee torque and compressive loadings with increasing lunge distance may cause knee injuries in badminton. When lunging in the external foot rotation under the maximum distance, high quadriceps force and posterior tibia translation force could result in knee injuries among badminton players.

Abstract Proteostasis is fundamental for maintaining organismal health. However, the mechanisms underlying its dynamic regulation and how its disruptions lead to diseases are largely unclear. Here, we conduct in-depth propionylomic profiling in Drosophila, and develop a small-sample learning framework to prioritize the propionylation at lysine 17 of H2B (H2BK17pr) to be functionally important. Mutating H2BK17 which eliminates propionylation leads to elevated total protein level in vivo. Further analyses reveal that H2BK17pr modulates the expression of 14.7–16.3% of genes in the proteostasis network, and determines global protein level by regulating the expression of genes involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In addition, H2BK17pr exhibits daily oscillation, mediating the influences of feeding/fasting cycles to drive rhythmic expression of proteasomal genes. Our study not only reveals a role of lysine propionylation in regulating proteostasis, but also implements a generally applicable method which can be extended to other issues with little prior knowledge.

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of concentrated cottonseed protein (CPC) as a substitute for fishmeal (FM) in juvenile hybrid culter (Erythroculter ilishaeformis ♀ × Ancherythroculter nigrocauda ♂). A total of 360 fish with an initial body weight of 10.0 ± 0.5 g were randomly allocated into 12 indoor culture tanks, with each tank containing 30 fish. Four diets were formulated in which fish meal (FM) was replaced by CPC at different inclusion levels: 0% (T0), 15% (T15), 30% (T30), and 45% (T45). The corresponding amounts of CPC included were 0, 61, 122, and 182 g/kg, respectively. At the end of the 10-week feeding trial, the findings revealed an inverse correlation between the proportion of CPC replacing FM and both final body weight (FBW) and weight growth rate (WG) in hybrid culter. Specifically, the T30 and T45 groups exhibited significantly lower FBW and WG compared to the T0 group (p < 0.05). No significant differences in crude protein and ash contents were observed among all groups (p > 0.05). However, the crude lipid content was highest in hybrid culter fed the T45 diet and lowest in the T0 group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in muscle amino acid composition among all treatment groups (p > 0.05). The contents of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) declined slightly as the proportion of FM substituted by CPC increased, yet this decline did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity elevated with increasing dietary CPC, and the T45 group exhibited significantly higher ALT activity compared to the T0 group (p < 0.05). The hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly lower in the T45 group than in the T0 and T15 groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a decrease in intestinal villi length with an increasing replacement ratio of FM by CPC, and the villi length in the T45 group exhibited a significant reduction when compared to that in the T0 group (p < 0.05). It is concluded that replacing 15% FM with CPC does not exert obviously detrimental effects on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, muscle amino acid profile, or antioxidant performance of juvenile hybrid culter.

The detection and quantification of hormones are important to assess the reproductive and stress status of experimental models and for the diagnosis of diseases in human and veterinary clinics. Traditionally, steroid, peptide, and protein hormones are analyzed in individual experiments using different extraction methodologies. With the new advancement on HPLC sorbents, the simultaneous measurement of hormones from different categories becomes possible. In this study, we present a novel sample processing strategy for the simultaneous extraction and detection of peptides, steroids, and proteins using high-resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We demonstrate the sensitivity of our method for small tissues by acquiring data from brain, pituitary gland, and gonads of single zebrafish samples. This approach promises to shed light on the hormonal pathways and their interrelationships, providing knowledge on the integration of hormone systems.

The recent report of superconductivity in nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride (Lu-H-N) at 294 K and 1 GPa brought hope for long-sought-after ambient-condition superconductors. However, the failure of scientists worldwide to independently reproduce these results has cast intense skepticism on this exciting claim. In this work, using a reliable experimental protocol, we synthesized Lu-H-N while minimizing extrinsic influences and reproduced the sudden change in resistance near room temperature. With quantitative comparison of the temperature-dependent resistance between Lu-H-N and the pure lutetium before reaction, we were able to clarify that the drastic resistance change is most likely caused by a metal-to-poor-conductor transition rather than by superconductivity. Herein, we also briefly discuss other issues recently raised in relation to the Lu-H-N system.

The assembly of atomically precise clusters into ordered superstructures enables new functional material designs. Here, the authors propose a strategy for linear arrangements of AgCu clusters and explore the consequent transfer and coupling of magnetic spins.

To further improve air quality in China, especially ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), additional reductions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are needed. Evaporative emissions from internal combustion engines (ICE) and hybrid vehicles are known to be an important source of VOCs in urban cities, which can be efficiently reduced through the introduction of more stringent regulatory standards. The most stringent global standards for evaporative emissions are the U.S. Tier 3 light-duty vehicle standards. This study compares the evaporative emissions of light-duty ICE vehicles designed to China 6 and U.S. Tier 3 regulations for both China and U.S. test conditions. Data are analyzed from manufacturer testing of full vehicle evaporative emissions conducted in the laboratory following U.S. Tier 3 and China 6 certification test methods utilizing Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination (SHED) chambers equipped with Flame Ionization Detection (FID) analyzers. Vehicles designed to U.S. Tier 3 standards are observed to have 64% lower diurnal and hot soak evaporative emissions and 98% lower canister bleed emissions relative to vehicles designed to China 6 standards. U.S. Tier 3, U.S. Tier 2, and China 6 light-duty evaporative emission certification values submitted by manufacturers are also compared. The average of all current U.S. Tier 3 certifications is, on average, 52.4% lower than the average of all China 6 certifications. The results from the testing and data analysis of five vehicles, with comparison to the certification data, suggest that the introduction of standards equivalent in stringency to U.S. Tier 3 in China can significantly reduce evaporative emissions relative to China 6.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of three live feeds for the larvae of the domesticated strain of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Larvae of this strain of mandarin fish with salinity activation ingested Artemia nauplii was firstly observed. The larvae at 3 days post hatch (dph) were reared from first feeding to 9 dph and fed on starving (no food supplied), zebrafish (Danio rerio) (newly hatched larvae), Artemia nauplii and Daphnia magna, respectively. The results showed that the highest survival was found in the newly hatched larvae group (41.7 ± 1.5 %), and the lowest growth was found in the Daphnia group, respectively. A high food intake was found in the Artemia nauplii group, and the npy expression between the Artemia nauplii and newly hatched larvae groups had no significant difference (p＞0.05), whereas they were significantly lower than that of the starving group (p＜0.05). At the first feeding day, the activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin and the target of rapamycin (tor) expression in the Artemia nauplii and newly hatched larvae groups were significantly higher than those of the starving group. These results suggested that larvae of this strain of mandarin fish could feed on the newly hatched larvae and Artemia nauplii, and both of them could be digested, but the digestion might be insufficient in the Artemia nauplii group. Together, this study indicates that larvae of this strain of mandarin fish can ingest and digest Artemia nauplii during first-feeding.

Abstract Application of a novel bioorganic fertilizer (BIO) has been effectively used to inhibit weeds in rice paddies. To identify changes in soil bacterial community and enzymes in response to BIO treatments, field experiments were carried out in five major rice-growing areas in China. The dominant phylogenetic groups recorded included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria. Anaeromyxobacter, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia- Shigella, Geobacter and Haliangium were significantly different between BIO-treatment and untreated control and aided in general function (R), amino acid transport, metabolism (E) and transcription (K) clusters. The soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were less affected by BIO at these study sites. RDA analysis showed that soil bacterial community had a significant positive correlations among northern latitude, eastern longitude, exchangeable K, total K, total P, soil pH, and total N, except for organic matter, hydrolytic N and extractable P. Overall, our work showed that application of BIO does not alter the main community structure and functional diversity of soil bacteria in rice paddies and should be encouraged for use as a sustainable weed management strategy.

A broadband microwave photonic mixer with tunable phase shift and supporting dispersion-induced power-fading-free fiber transmission is proposed and demonstrated based on a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DP-DPMZM). In this scheme, the intermediate-frequency (IF)/radiofrequency (RF) signal and the local oscillation (LO) signal are applied to the four sub-MZMs biased at their minimum transmission points via a power splitter and a 90° hybrid coupler, respectively. Through mutual beating between the IF/RF and the LO modulation sidebands in a high-speed photodetector at the remote site, high-efficiency frequency conversion is achieved. The dispersion-induced power fading over long-distance fiber transmission is eliminated through setting the biased-induced phase difference between the parent-MZMs in the two sub-DPMZMs of the DP-DPMZM to be π/2. In addition, the phase shift of the frequency-converted signal can be continuously tuned over 360° through synchronously adjusting the bias voltages of the parent-MZMs in the two sub-DPMZMs. The proposed scheme is experimentally demonstrated, where a microwave photonic mixer with a 6-dB operation bandwidth of 40 GHz and supporting dispersion-induced power-fading-free transmission over 20 km SMF is realized. Meanwhile, a continuously tunable phase shift over 360° in the frequency range of 0.1 GHz to 29.9 GHz is achieved, where the power variation during phase tuning is smaller than 4 dB.

This study aims to investigate the effects of three feed attractants on the growth performance, body composition, biochemical indicators, liver histology, lipid metabolism and appetite of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). An eight-week feeding trial was conducted using four diets, including a basal diet of 51% fish meal without attractant (control), with 5% stickwater (SW), 5% squid paste (SP) and a 5% mixture of SW and SP a ratio of 1:2 (Mix), respectively. The results demonstrated that SW diet significantly increased the weight gain rate and feed intake (P

The migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) is key for the development of the complex and vast lymphatic vascular network that pervades most tissues in an organism. In zebrafish, arterial intersegmental vessels together with chemokines have been shown to promote lymphatic cell migration from the horizontal myoseptum (HM). We observed that emergence of mural cells around the intersegmental arteries coincides with lymphatic departure from HM which raised the possibility that arterial mural cells promote LEC migration. Our live imaging and cell ablation experiments revealed that LECs migrate slower and fail to establish the lymphatic vascular network in the absence of arterial mural cells. We determined that mural cells are a source for the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (Cxcl12a and Cxcl12b), vascular endothelial growth factor C (Vegfc) and collagen and calcium-binding EGF domain-containing protein 1 (Ccbe1). We showed that chemokine and growth factor signalling function cooperatively to induce robust LEC migration. Specifically, Vegfc-Vegfr3 signalling, but not chemokines, induces extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in LECs, and has an additional pro-survival role in LECs during the migration. Together, the identification of mural cells as a source for signals that guide LEC migration and survival will be important in the future design for rebuilding lymphatic vessels in disease contexts.

In eukaryotes, protein phosphorylation is specifically catalyzed by numerous protein kinases (PKs), faithfully orchestrates various biological processes, and reversibly determines cellular dynamics and plasticity. Here we report an updated algorithm of Group-based Prediction System (GPS) 5.0 to improve the performance for predicting kinase-specific phosphorylation sites (p-sites). Two novel methods, position weight determination (PWD) and scoring matrix optimization (SMO), were developed. Compared with other existing tools, GPS 5.0 exhibits a highly competitive accuracy. Besides serine/threonine or tyrosine kinases, GPS 5.0 also supports the prediction of dual-specificity kinase-specific p-sites. In the classical module of GPS 5.0, 617 individual predictors were constructed for predicting p-sites of 479 human PKs. To extend the application of GPS 5.0, a species-specific module was implemented to predict kinase-specific p-sites for 44,795 PKs in 161 eukaryotes. The online service and local packages of GPS 5.0 are freely available for academic research at http://gps.biocuckoo.cn.

Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery (FDRM) has attracted continuous attention because of its great importance to industrial engineering, promoting the healthy and prosperous development of the field. A large number of literature reviews on FDRM have been reported, including signal processing methods in FDRM; artificial intelligence techniques in FDRM; fault diagnosis of bearings, gearboxes and induction motors; and others with broader areas of focus. Using bibliometric techniques, this paper provides objective insight and presents a comprehensive review of FDRM. The review begins with rigorous bibliometric analyses of 2532 published studies. These analyses enable mapping the scope and structure of the discipline, discovering the established collaboration patterns among countries and institutions, and identifying authoritative papers and authors. In addition, a deep analysis of the co-citation network allows graphically classifying the key research topics, illustrating their evolution over time, and identifying the current research interests and potential future research directions. The findings in this paper provide an overall picture of the development of FDRM from 1998 to 2019 and a robust roadmap for future investigations in this field.

Purpose The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic increasingly threatens the public health security worldwide. We aimed to identify high-risk areas of COVID-19 and understand how socioeconomic factors are associated with the spatial distribution of COVID-19 in China, which may help other countries control the epidemic. Methods We analyzed the data of COVID-19 cases from 30 provinces in mainland China (outside of Hubei) from 16 January 2020 to 31 March 2020, considering the data of demographic, economic, health, and transportation factors. Global autocorrelation analysis and Bayesian spatial models were used to present the spatial pattern of COVID-19 and explore the relationship between COVID-19 risk and various factors. Results Global Moran’s I statistics of COVID-19 incidences was 0.31 (PConclusion Our results suggested that COVID-19 risk was positively associated with the level of economic development and population movements. Blocking population movement and reducing local exposures are effective in preventing the local transmission of COVID-19.

Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common perioperative complication that is associated with increased mortality. This study investigates the renal gene expression in male Long–Evans rats after prolonged anesthesia and surgery to detect molecular mechanisms that could predispose the kidneys to injury upon further insults. Healthy and streptozotocin diabetic rats that underwent autoregulatory investigation in an earlier study were compared to rats that were sacrificed quickly for mRNA quantification in the same study. Prolonged surgery caused massive changes in renal mRNA expression by microarray analysis, which was validated by quantitative real‐time PCR with good correlation. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis using gene ontology and pathway analysis identified biological processes involved in immune system activation, such as immune system processes (p = 1.3 × 10−80), immune response (p = 1.3 × 10−60), and regulation of cytokine production (p = 1.7 × 10−52). PCR analysis of specific cell type markers indicated that the gene activation in kidneys was most probably macrophages, while granulocytes and T cell appeared less activated. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify immune cell infiltration and showed no difference between groups indicating that the genetic activation depends on the activation of resident cells, or infiltration of a relatively small number of highly activated cells. In follow‐up experiments, surgery was performed on healthy rats under standard and sterile condition showing similar expression of immune cell markers, which suggests that the inflammation was indeed caused by the surgical trauma rather than by bacterial infection. In conclusion, surgical trauma is associated with rapid activation of immune cells, most likely macrophages in rat kidneys.

An image-rejected multi-band frequency down-conversion scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on photonic sampling. The multi-band radio-frequency (RF) signals to be processed are copied into two replicas in quadrature, which are then sampled by an ultra-short optical pulse train via a polarization-multiplexed modulator. After polarization demultiplexing and detection using a pair of low-speed photodetectors, the multi-band RF signals are simultaneously down-converted to the intermediate frequency (IF) band. The image components can be suppressed by quadrature coupling the two generated IF signals via an electrical 90° hybrid coupler (HC). In the experiment, multi-band RF signals in the frequency range of 6 GHz to 39 GHz are down-converted to the IF band below 4 GHz using a local oscillator (LO) signal at 8 GHz to generate the ultra-short optical pulse train. Image rejection is achieved in the digital domain using digital signal processing to compensate for the amplitude and phase mismatch between the two IF signals and to implement quadrature coupling. In addition, through using an electrical phase shifter, an electrical attenuator, and an electrical 90° HC to achieve quadrature coupling of the two IF signals, image-rejected multi-band frequency down-conversion is also verified in the analog domain.

As the top emitter of carbon dioxide worldwide, China faces a considerable challenge in reducing carbon emissions to combat global warming. Carbon emissions from coal consumption is the primary source of carbon dioxide emissions in China. The decomposition of the driving factors and the quantification of regions and industries needs further research. Thus, this paper decomposed five driving factors affecting carbon emissions from coal consumption in China, namely, carbon emission intensity, energy structure, energy intensity, economic output, and population scale, by constructing a Kaya-Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (Kaya-LMDI) decomposition model with data on coal consumption in China from 1997 to 2019. It was revealed that the economic output and energy intensity effects are major drivers and inhibitors of carbon emissions from coal consumption in China, respectively. The contribution and impact of these driving factors on carbon emissions from coal consumption were analyzed for different regions and industrial sectors. The results showed that carbon emissions from coal consumption increased by 3211.92 million tons from 1997 to 2019. From a regional perspective, Hebei Province has the most significant impact on carbon emissions from coal consumption due to the effect of economic output. Additionally, the industrial sector had the most pronounced influence on carbon emissions from coal consumption due to the economic output effect. Finally, a series of measures to reduce carbon emissions including controlling the total coal consumption, improving the utilization rate of clean energy, and optimizing the energy structure is proposed based on China’s actual development.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential biological process involved in many human pathologies. According to the continuous discovery of new PCD forms, a large number of proteins have been found to regulate PCD. Notably, post-translational modifications play critical roles in PCD process and the rapid advances in proteomics have facilitated the discovery of new PCD proteins. However, an integrative resource has yet to be established for maintaining these regulatory proteins. Here, we briefly summarize the mainstream PCD forms, as well as the current progress in the development of public databases to collect, curate and annotate PCD proteins. Further, we developed a comprehensive database, with integrated annotations for programmed cell death (iPCD), which contained 1,091,014 regulatory proteins involved in 30 PCD forms across 562 eukaryotic species. From the scientific literature, we manually collected 6493 experimentally identified PCD proteins, and an orthologous search was then conducted to computationally identify more potential PCD proteins. Additionally, we provided an in-depth annotation of PCD proteins in eight model organisms, by integrating the knowledge from 102 additional resources that covered 16 aspects, including post-translational modification, protein expression/proteomics, genetic variation and mutation, functional annotation, structural annotation, physicochemical property, functional domain, disease-associated information, protein–protein interaction, drug–target relation, orthologous information, biological pathway, transcriptional regulator, mRNA expression, subcellular localization and DNA and RNA element. With a data volume of 125 GB, we anticipate that iPCD can serve as a highly useful resource for further analysis of PCD in eukaryotes.

A simultaneous surface pressure and displacement measurement method that integrates pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) and binocular stereophotogrammetry is proposed. The assays were completed on the Φ4 m rotor test stand at China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center (CARDC). A single-shot lifetime approach was utilized to acquire the instantaneous pressure field on a rotor blade coated with PSP. At the same time, the PSP feature points were used to obtain the 3D coordinates of stereo cameras, which yielded the blade displacement field. The experimental results showed that the displacement measuring accuracy was better than 0.2 mm, and the pressure measurement accuracy was not affected, with Standard Deviation (STD) values below 700 Pa. The advantages of the proposed system are its simple structure, low cost, high accuracy and high test efficiency, which will offer a practical solution for the exploration of fluid–structure interplay. Hence, such a system is a prospective for the wind tunnel tests of helicopter rotor blades.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein levels on growth performance, muscle composition, digestive enzymes activities, hemolymph biochemical indices and ovary development of pre-adult red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (initial weight = 12.86 ± 0.10 g). Six isoenergetic diets (fish meal, soybean meal, gluten, and shrimp powder as main protein sources) were formulated to contain graded levels of 20.70 %, 24.70 %, 30.56 %, 35.77 %, 41.12 % and 44.64 % crude protein. Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of 15 experimental crayfish (10 female and 5 male) for 8 weeks. Our results showed that weight gain (WG) increased with dietary protein supplementation from 20.7% to 35.77%, and then decreased with further increases in dietary protein. Broken-line regression analysis based on WG showed that the optimal dietary protein level for maximum growth performance of crayfish was 39.60 %. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) exhibited an opposite trend as observed in WG, with the lowest in crayfish fed the 30.56 % or 35.77 % protein diet. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) in crayfish fed the 41.12 % or 44.64 % protein diet was significantly lower than that in crayfish fed the 20.70–30.56 % protein diet. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) value of crayfish decreased with dietary protein supplementation and achieved minimum values at 35.77 % or 41.12 % protein diet. The highest crude protein content of tail muscle was found in crayfish fed the diet containing 35.77 % or 41.12 % protein. Activities of protease and lipase in both hepatopancreas and intestine were significantly affected by dietary protein levels, while amylase activity showed no significant difference. Dietary protein also significantly induced the contents of hemolymph total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, along with aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities. Moreover, histological analysis revealed that the ovary development of most female crayfish fed the 35.77–41.12 % protein diet were at stage V, which had a higher frequency of mature oocytes than that of females fed other protein diets. Thus, these results provide the theoretical basis for feed formulation to determine the appropriate protein requirement of pre-adult red swamp crayfish.

High-throughput sequencing technologies have identified millions of genetic mutations in multiple human diseases. However, the interpretation of the pathogenesis of these mutations and the discovery of driver genes that dominate disease progression is still a major challenge. Combining functional features such as protein post-translational modification (PTM) with genetic mutations is an effective way to predict such alterations. Here, we present PTMsnp, a web server that implements a Bayesian hierarchical model to identify driver genetic mutations targeting PTM sites. PTMsnp accepts genetic mutations in a standard variant call format or tabular format as input and outputs several interactive charts of PTM-related mutations that potentially affect PTMs. Additional functional annotations are performed to evaluate the impact of PTM-related mutations on protein structure and function, as well as to classify variants relevant to Mendelian disease. A total of 4,11,574 modification sites from 33 different types of PTMs and 1,776,848 somatic mutations from TCGA across 33 different cancer types are integrated into the web server, enabling identification of candidate cancer driver genes based on PTM. Applications of PTMsnp to the cancer cohorts and a GWAS dataset of type 2 diabetes identified a set of potential drivers together with several known disease-related genes, indicating its reliability in distinguishing disease-related mutations and providing potential molecular targets for new therapeutic strategies. PTMsnp is freely available at: http://ptmsnp.renlab.org.

The strain B-4, isolated from a field in Changsha (China), presents strong antifungal activities, as identified by the Kirby–Bauer test, especially for pathogens that harm crops. Here, we obtained the complete genome sequence of the strain B-4 by Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time sequencing, making it well analyzed for understanding mechanisms and creating biological agents. Its 3,919-kb circular chromosome genome has 3,725 protein-coding genes [coding sequences (CDSs)] and 46.7% guanine–cytosine content. A comparative genome analysis of B-4 with other published strains (including Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus subtilis) revealed that the strain B-4 is a B. velezensis strain. These different strains have 2,889 CDSs in common, whereas 179 CDSs were found to be unique in the strain B-4, which is a far greater number than that in other strains. Regarding the antifungal activities of B-4, we were specifically concerned with the genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In total, more than 19.56% of the genome was annotated to 12 gene clusters relating to synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites, which contained various enzyme-encoding operons for non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, polyketide synthases, and lantipeptide synthesis proteins. They were all considered to be related to the production of bacteriostatic substances or stimulation of induced systemic resistance by bacterial metabolites. These situations also present an advantage over those of other strains for biocontrol potential. We provide evidence that the biological control effect of the strain B-4, as demonstrated in antibacterial activity experiments and predicted from the complete genome sequence analysis, provides the basis for research promoting agricultural research on sustainable development, especially the contribution of biotechnology to agriculture.

Various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) participate in nearly all aspects of biological processes by regulating protein functions, and aberrant states of PTMs are frequently implicated in human diseases. Therefore, an integral resource of PTM–disease associations (PDAs) would be a great help for both academic research and clinical use. In this work, we reported PTMD, a well-curated database containing PTMs that are associated with human diseases. We manually collected 1950 known PDAs in 749 proteins for 23 types of PTMs and 275 types of diseases from the literature. Database analyses show that phosphorylation has the largest number of disease associations, whereas neurologic diseases have the largest number of PTM associations. We classified all known PDAs into six classes according to the PTM status in diseases and demonstrated that the upregulation and presence of PTM events account for a predominant proportion of disease-associated PTM events. By reconstructing a disease–gene network, we observed that breast cancers have the largest number of associated PTMs and AKT1 has the largest number of PTMs connected to diseases. Finally, the PTMD database was developed with detailed annotations and can be a useful resource for further analyzing the relations between PTMs and human diseases. PTMD is freely accessible at http://ptmd.biocuckoo.org. Keywords: Posttranslational modification, Phosphorylation, PTM–disease association, Disease–gene network, AKT1

Summary: Yin Yang 1 (YY1) regulates early embryogenesis and adult tissue formation. However, the role of YY1 in stem cell regulation remains unclear. YY1 has a Polycomb group (PcG) protein-dependent role in mammalian cells. The PcG-independent functions of YY1 are also reported, although their underlying mechanism is still undefined. This paper reports the role of YY1 and BAF complex in the OCT4-mediated pluripotency network in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The interaction between YY1 and BAF complex promotes mESC proliferation and pluripotency. Knockdown of Yy1 or Smarca4, the core component of the BAF complex, downregulates pluripotency markers and upregulates several differentiation markers. Moreover, YY1 enriches at both promoter and super-enhancer regions to stimulate transcription. Thus, this study elucidates the role of YY1 in regulating pluripotency through its interaction with OCT4 and the BAF complex and the role of BAF complex in integrating YY1 into the core pluripotency network. : In this article, Junjun Ding and colleagues show the role of YY1 in regulating embryonic stem cells through its interaction with OCT4 and the BAF complex to activate transcription, promote ESC proliferation, and maintain pluripotency, and the role of BAF complex in integrating YY1 into the core pluripotency network. Keywords: YY1, polycomb, the BAF complex, super-enhancer, pluripotency, Oct4, interactome, cell cycle

Inland shipping is pivotal to the comprehensive transport system of China. However, ship emission has become a major air polluter in inland river regions, and relevant emission inventories are urgently needed. Currently, the Automatic identification System based (AIS-based)emission model is widely used in calculating the ocean-going ship emission inventory. However, due to the lack of AIS data in the river area, the inland ship emission inventory mainly uses the fuel consumption method. With the continuous improvement of AIS data quality in the river area, the AIS-based emission model can be adopted in the development of inland ship emission inventory. However, there are few studies on the evaluation of the accuracy of the inland ship emissions using the AIS-based emission model. This study makes a comparison between test data and model-calculated data to evaluate the accuracy of the AIS-based emission models. Inland ship activities are divided into being at berth, maneuvering (port departure and port arrival), and on cruise modes in an AIS-based emission model. The model-calculated CO2, HC, and NOx emission rates can cover those onboard emission test data, but the values from the model are much lower. The total average ratios of test data to model-calculated data for CO2, CO, HC, and NOx are 2.66, 19.12, 2.46, and 3.16 when engine loads are below 60%. In upstream cruise mode, average emission rates of CO2, CO, HC, and NOx from the real-world test are 1.91–6.48, 8.78–27.83, 3.05–8.96, and 4.06–5.96 times higher than those from the AIS-based model, respectively. However, those are only 1.08–1.51, 6.74–9.67, 2.03–3.75, and 1.65–2.75 times higher than those from the AIS-based model in downstream cruise mode.

Pressure-sensitive films have been used for measurement in micro flow, but thin films have very limited intensity, resulting in poor signal-noise ratio (SNR). This paper presents a pressure-sensitive film whose emission signal is enhanced by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Electronic beam evaporator and annealing furnace are used to fabricate silver nanotexture surface. PtTFPP and polystyrene are dissolved in toluene and then spin-coated on the silver nanotexture surface to prepare the pressure-sensitive films. Signal enhancement of film with AgNPs due to LSPR is analyzed and enhancement effect of samples with different particle sizes and spacer thickness are compared. Pressure and temperature calibrations are performed to assess the sensing performance of pressure-sensitive films. Pressure-sensitive films with AgNPs demonstrate signal enhancement due to LSPR and show promise for measurement in micro flow.

In the last decade, China has sharply tightened the monitoring values for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In some regions with sensitive discharge water bodies, the values (24 h composite sample) must be 1.5 mg/L for NH4-N and 10 mg/L for total nitrogen since 2021. Even with the previously less strict monitoring values, around 50% of the wastewater treatment plants in China were permanently unable to comply with the nitrogen monitoring values. Due to the rapid changes on-site to meet the threshold values and the strong relation to energy-intensive aeration strategies to sufficiently remove nitrogen, WWTPs do not always work energy-efficiently. A Chinese WWTP (450,000 Population equivalents or PE) with upstream denitrification, a tertiary treatment stage for phosphorus removal and disinfection, and aerobic sludge stabilisation was modelled in order to test various concepts for operation optimisation to lower energy consumption while meeting and undercutting effluent requirements. Following a comprehensive analysis of operating data, the WWTP was modelled and calibrated. Based on the calibrated model, various approaches for optimising nitrogen elimination were tested, including operational and automation strategies for aeration control. After several tests, a combination of strategies (i.e., partial by-pass of primary clarifiers, NH4-N based control, increase in the denitrification capacity, intermittent denitrification) reduced the air demand by up to 24% and at the same time significantly improved compliance with the monitoring values (up to 80% less norm non-compliances). By incorporating the impact of the strategies on related processes, like the bypass of primary settling tanks, energy consumption could be reduced by almost 25%. Many of the elaborated strategies can be transferred to WWTPs with similar boundary conditions and strict effluent values worldwide.

In order to obtain accurate probability integration method (PIM) parameters for surface movement of multi-panel mining, a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the parameters. As the measured surface movement is affected by more than one mining panel, traditional PIM parameter inversion model is difficult to ensure the reliability of the results due to the complexity of rock movement. With crossover, mutation and selection operators, GA can perform a global optimization search and has high computation efficiency. Compared with the pattern search algorithm, the fitness function can avoid falling into local minima traps. GA reduces the risk of local minima traps which improves the accuracy and reliability with the mutation mechanism. Application at Xuehu colliery shows that GA can be used to inverse the PIM parameters for multi-panel surface movement observation, and reliable results can be obtained. The research provides a new way for back-analysis of PIM parameters for mining subsidence under complex conditions. Keywords: Probability integration method, GA, Mining subsidence, Parameter inversion, Multiobjective optimization

A novel single-shot photonic time-stretch digitizer scheme is proposed based on complementary parallel single-sideband modulation architecture. Successive digital signal processing, including linearization operation and phase compensation, is employed to improve the performance. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can simultaneously solve the three vital problems in the single-shot photonic time-stretch digitizers, i.e., removal of the dynamic pulse envelope variation, the dispersion-induced penalty, and suppression of the modulation-induced distortion. Hence, the proposed single-shot photonic time-stretch digitizer can overcome the dispersion-induced bandwidth limitation and realize linearization performance.