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1. Language-based game theory in the age of artificial intelligence

Author

Capraro, Valerio, Di Paolo, Roberto, Perc, Matjaz, and Pizziol, Veronica

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Economics - Theoretical Economics
Abstract

Understanding human behaviour in decision problems and strategic interactions has wide-ranging applications in economics, psychology, and artificial intelligence. Game theory offers a robust foundation for this understanding, based on the idea that individuals aim to maximize a utility function. However, the exact factors influencing strategy choices remain elusive. While traditional models try to explain human behaviour as a function of the outcomes of available actions, recent experimental research reveals that linguistic content significantly impacts decision-making, thus prompting a paradigm shift from outcome-based to language-based utility functions. This shift is more urgent than ever, given the advancement of generative AI, which has the potential to support humans in making critical decisions through language-based interactions. We propose sentiment analysis as a fundamental tool for this shift and take an initial step by analyzing 61 experimental instructions from the dictator game, an economic game capturing the balance between self-interest and the interest of others, which is at the core of many social interactions. Our meta-analysis shows that sentiment analysis can explain human behaviour beyond economic outcomes. We discuss future research directions. We hope this work sets the stage for a novel game theoretical approach that emphasizes the importance of language in human decisions.

Published
2024
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2. Assessing Large Language Models' ability to predict how humans balance self-interest and the interest of others

Author

Capraro, Valerio, Di Paolo, Roberto, and Pizziol, Veronica

Subjects
Economics - General Economics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory
Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) holds enormous potential to revolutionize decision-making processes, from everyday to high-stake scenarios. By leveraging generative AI, humans can benefit from data-driven insights and predictions, enhancing their ability to make informed decisions that consider a wide array of factors and potential outcomes. However, as many decisions carry social implications, for AI to be a reliable assistant for decision-making it is crucial that it is able to capture the balance between self-interest and the interest of others. We investigate the ability of three of the most advanced chatbots to predict dictator game decisions across 108 experiments with human participants from 12 countries. We find that only GPT-4 (not Bard nor Bing) correctly captures qualitative behavioral patterns, identifying three major classes of behavior: self-interested, inequity-averse, and fully altruistic. Nonetheless, GPT-4 consistently underestimates self-interest and inequity-aversion, while overestimating altruistic behavior. This bias has significant implications for AI developers and users, as overly optimistic expectations about human altruism may lead to disappointment, frustration, suboptimal decisions in public policy or business contexts, and even social conflict.

Published
2023

3. Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries

Author

Azevedo, Flavio, Pavlović, Tomislav, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Ay, F. Ceren, Gjoneska, Biljana, Etienne, Tom W., Ross, Robert M., Schönegger, Philipp, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Cian, Luca, Longoni, Chiara, Chan, Ho Fai, Van Bavel, Jay J., Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Agustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbres, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvée, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Ertan, Arhan S., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jorgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar Moreda, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, de Mello, Victoria Oldemburgo, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomöki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A. M., van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, White, Katherine, Habib, Rishad, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., Boggio, Paulo S., and Sampaio, Waldir M.

Published
2023
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5. The effect of norm-based messages on reading and understanding COVID-19 pandemic response governmental rules

Author

Bilancini, Ennio, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Capraro, Valerio, Celadin, Tatiana, and Di Paolo, Roberto

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) threatens the lives of millions of people around the world, making it the largest health threat in recent times. Billions of people around the world are asked to adhere to strict shelter-in-place rules, finalised to slow down the spread of the virus. Appeals and messages are being used by leaders and policy-makers to promote pandemic response. Given the stakes at play, it is thus important for social scientists to explore which messages are most effective in promoting pandemic response. In fact, some papers in the last month have explored the effect of several messages on people's intentions to engage in pandemic response behaviour. In this paper, we make two contributions. First, we explore the effect of messages on people's actual engagement, and not on intentions. Specifically, our dependent variables are the level of understanding of official COVID-19 pandemic response governmental informative panels, measured through comprehension questions, and the time spent on reading these rules. Second, we test a novel set of appeals built through the theory of norms. One message targets the personal norm (what people think is the right thing to do), one targets the descriptive norm (what people think others are doing), and one targets the injunctive norm (what people think others approve or disapprove of). Our experiment is conducted online with a representative (with respect to gender, age, and location) sample of Italians. Norms are made salient using a flier. We find that norm-based fliers had no effect on comprehension and on time spent on the panels. These results suggest that norm-based interventions through fliers have very little impact on people's reading and understanding of COVID-19 pandemic response governmental rules.

Published
2020

6. 'Do the Right Thing' for Whom? An Experiment on Ingroup Favouritism, Group Assorting and Moral Suasion

Author

Bilancini, Ennio, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Capraro, Valerio, Celadin, Tatiana, and Di Paolo, Roberto

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

In this paper we investigate the effect of moral suasion on ingroup favouritism. We report a well-powered, pre-registered, two-stage 2x2 mixed-design experiment. In the first stage, groups are formed on the basis of how participants answer to a set of questions, concerning non-morally relevant issues in one treatment (assorting on non-moral preferences), and morally relevant issues in another treatment (assorting on moral preferences). In the second stage, participants choose how to split a given amount of money between participants of their own group and participants of the other group, first in the baseline setting and then in a setting where they are told to do what they believe to be morally right (moral suasion). Our main results are: (i) in the baseline, participants tend to favour their own group to a greater extent when groups are assorted according to moral preferences, compared to when they are assorted according to non-moral preferences; (ii) the net effect of moral suasion is to decrease ingroup favouritism, but there is also a non-negligible proportion of participants for whom moral suasion increases ingroup favouritism; (iii) the effect of moral suasion is substantially stable across group assorting and four pre-registered individual characteristics (gender, political orientation, religiosity, pro-life vs pro-choice ethical convictions)., Comment: Forthcoming in Judgment and Decision Making

Published
2020

9. National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author

Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlović, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Augustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo de Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomäki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schönegger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A. M., van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., and Boggio, Paulo S.

Published
2022
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10. Author Correction: National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author

Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlović, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Agustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo de Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomäki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schönegger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A. M., van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., and Boggio, Paulo S.

Published
2022
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12. Gamification and Sustainable Water Use: The Case of the BLUTUBE Educational Program.

Author

Di Paolo, Roberto and Pizziol, Veronica

Subjects
*NATURAL resources, *GAMIFICATION, *GREEN behavior, *WATER use, *EDUCATIONAL programs, *WATER consumption, *SCHOOL children, *SUSTAINABILITY
Abstract

Background: In a world increasingly stressed by climate change and scarcity of natural resources, the prosocial behaviors of new generations become increasingly essential, especially when aimed at sustainability. This study aims to investigate the gamified system applied to the game-based educational program BLUTUBE, designed to promote better practices regarding virtuous water usage in the primary schools of the Municipality of Lucca. Methods: We analyze the self-reported sustainable behaviors of almost 800 students of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades, using a survey about water consumption and awareness of related topics. We examine the association between the increase in the self-reported prosocial behaviors, which occurs after the end of the educational program, and participation in different activities - measured by the number of accumulated points - stimulated through gamification. Results: We find that higher participation in gamified activities corresponds more likely to a higher increase in reported sustainable behaviors. Moreover, we observe that this result is led by specific activities - playing the board game Blutube at school, playing the urban game, and taking pictures of virtuous actions - rather than others - playing the board game at home. Lastly, given the difference between genders in the perceived benefits from gamification, we find that males increase more their awareness about sustainable behaviors by playing more the board game than females. In contrast, females raise their awareness when playing the urban game more. Discussion: We suggest that playing the board game in a broader social context, such as school, can enhance the perception of children's behaviors' impacts on the external environment. Also, to effectively promote sustainable behaviors, educators should consider using game-based learning materials that incorporate rewards mechanisms into the activities. Conclusions: This work sheds light on the relationship between gamification and pro-environmental behaviors, laying the ground for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. The Language of Life: A Game-Based Workshop for Introducing Protein Biosynthesis

Author

Chiarello, Fabio, primary, Fioretti, Daniela, additional, Antognozzi, Tiziano, additional, Bertani, Francesca Romana, additional, Bilancini, Ennio, additional, Bisanti, Matteo, additional, Boncinelli, Leonardo, additional, Businaro, Luca, additional, Di Paolo, Roberto, additional, Gerardino, Annamaria, additional, and Iurescia, Sandra, additional

Published
2023
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20. Predict-AI-bility of how humans balance self-interest with the interest of others

Author

Capraro, Valerio, Di Paolo, Roberto, and Pizziol, Veronica

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, Economics - General Economics
Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence holds enormous potential to revolutionize decision-making processes, from everyday to high-stake scenarios. However, as many decisions carry social implications, for AI to be a reliable assistant for decision-making it is crucial that it is able to capture the balance between self-interest and the interest of others. We investigate the ability of three of the most advanced chatbots to predict dictator game decisions across 78 experiments with human participants from 12 countries. We find that only GPT-4 (not Bard nor Bing) correctly captures qualitative behavioral patterns, identifying three major classes of behavior: self-interested, inequity-averse, and fully altruistic. Nonetheless, GPT-4 consistently overestimates other-regarding behavior, inflating the proportion of inequity-averse and fully altruistic participants. This bias has significant implications for AI developers and users.

Published
2023

22. Scoring rules in experimental procurement

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, Albano, Gian Luigi, Cipollone, Angela, Di Paolo, Roberto, Ponti, Giovanni, Sparro, Marco, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, Albano, Gian Luigi, Cipollone, Angela, Di Paolo, Roberto, Ponti, Giovanni, and Sparro, Marco

Abstract

We report the results of an experiment where subjects compete for procurement contracts to be awarded by means of a scoring auction. Two experimental conditions are considered, depending on the relative weight of quality vs price in the scoring rule. We show that different quality-price weights dramatically alter the strategic environment and affect efficiency. Our evidence shows that each weighting better delivers against a matching objective function than using a scoring rule which misrepresents the buyer's objective function. Nonetheless, there are large deviations in how each performs, with the higher weight on quality delivering much greater efficiency evaluated against its own objective function than a low weight on quality evaluated against its own objective function, despite the higher quality weight inducing higher deviations from equilibrium. We propose a “mediation analysis” to show that the “direct effect” (due to the different strategic properties of the induced game-forms) outweighs the “indirect” one (how the different game-forms affect out-of-equilibrium behaviour). We also perform a structural estimation of the Quantal Response Equilibrium induced by subjects’ behavior, where we find that subjects are risk averse and noisy play affects behavior in the direction of underbidding.

Published
2023

24. Political ideology and generosity around the globe

Author

Demaj, Xhiselda, Di Paolo, Roberto, Pizziol, Veronica, and Capraro, Valerio

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Abstract

This file contains data and analyses for the project under the same title. Abstract: In a world severely put under stress by COVID-19, generosity becomes increasingly essential both when able to transcend local boundaries, building upon universalistic values, and when directed toward more local contexts, such as the native country. This study aims to investigate an under-researched determinant of generosity at these two levels, a factor that captures one's beliefs, values, and opinions about society: political ideology. We study the donation decisions of more than 46,000 participants from 68 countries in a task with the possibility of donating to a national charity and an international one. We test whether more left-leaning individuals display higher generosity in general (H1) and toward international charities (H2). We also examine the association between political ideology and national generosity without hypothesizing any direction. We find that more left-leaning individuals are more likely to donate in general and more likely to be generous internationally. We also observe that more right-leaning individuals are more likely to donate nationally. These results are robust to the inclusion of several controls. In addition, we address a relevant source of cross-country variation, the quality of governance, which is found to have significant informative power in explaining the relationship between political ideology and the different types of generosity. Potential mechanisms underlying the resulting behaviors are discussed.

Published
2023

25. Editorial: Games-based learning for social change.

Author

Di Paolo, Roberto, Bisanti, Matteo, Chiarello, Fabio, Di Guida, Sibilla, and Pizziol, Veronica

Subjects
STUDENT attitudes, SOCIAL change, GAMIFICATION, PROSOCIAL behavior
Abstract

This document is an editorial titled "Games-based learning for social change" published in Frontiers in Education. The editorial discusses the use of game-based educational methodologies to promote positive social changes and prosocial behaviors among young individuals. It emphasizes the importance of integrating games into traditional pedagogical methods and highlights the effectiveness of game-based learning in enhancing engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. The editorial also explores the use of narrative-driven experiences and play in educational contexts and discusses the potential of game-based learning to foster open-mindedness and social consciousness. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
Full Text
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28. The Language of Life: A Game-Based Workshop for Introducing Protein Biosynthesis.

Author

Chiarello, Fabio, Fioretti, Daniela, Antognozzi, Tiziano, Bertani, Francesca Romana, Bilancini, Ennio, Bisanti, Matteo, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Businaro, Luca, Di Paolo, Roberto, Gerardino, Annamaria, and Iurescia, Sandra

Subjects
PROTEIN synthesis, MESSENGER RNA, EDUCATIONAL games, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, DIGITAL technology, CHILD development, SCHOOL children
Abstract

Protein biosynthesis is a complex process that involves the transcription of DNA into mRNA and the subsequent translation of mRNA into proteins according to the genetic code. To introduce this fundamental process to a broad audience, we developed "The Language of Life", a game-based workshop that was presented at the Genoa Science Festival 2022, the largest science communication event in Italy. The game-based workshop employed jigsaw puzzle-like elements to represent DNA, mRNA, and aminoacyl transfer RNAs, enabling participants to pair them through codon combinations. The game-based workshop lasted for an hour and the framing was a "special mission" inside a cell. It consisted of an initial training phase that incorporated videos, models, and explanations, followed by practical "missions" in which participants reproduce transcription and translation mechanisms by moving inside the cell and using the provided materials. The workshop was attended by 1,505 participants, primarily students aged 6-18, and received positive feedback. In this paper, we present our experience conducting this workshop and discuss its impact and potential for future use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

29. National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (vol 13, 517, 2022) : National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (Nature Communications, (2022), 13, 1, (517), 10.1038/s41467-021-27668-9)

Author

Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlović, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Agustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F.C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo de Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomäki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schönegger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A.M., van Prooijen, Jan Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J.A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., Boggio, Paulo S., Berg, Niko Anton, Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Arts), Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Cognitive Science, Doctoral Programme in Theology and Religious Studies, Helsinki Social Computing Group, Helsinki Institute for Social Sciences and Humanities (HSSH), Doctoral Programme in Cognition, Learning, Instruction and Communication, Doctoral Programme Brain & Mind, Mind and Matter, High Performance Cognition group, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medicum, Digital Humanities, and Faculty of Theology

Subjects
5200 Other social sciences
Abstract

Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022. In this article the author name ‘Agustin Ibanez’ was incorrectly written as ‘Augustin Ibanez’. The original article has been corrected.

Published
2022

30. Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning

Author

Pavlović, Tomislav, Azevedo, Flavio, De, Koustav, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Maglić, Marina, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Donnelly-Kehoe, Patricio Andreas, Payán-Gómez, César, Huang, Guanxiong, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Birtel, Michèle D., Schönegger, Philipp, Capraro, Valerio, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Yucel, Meltem, Ibanez, Agustin, Rathje, Steve, Wetter, Erik, Stanojević, Dragan, van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, Hesse, Eugenia, Elbaek, Christian T., Franc, Renata, Pavlović, Zoran, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Gelfand, Michele J., Alfano, Mark, Ross, Robert M., Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Amodio, David M., Apps, Matthew A J, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Cunningham, William A., Ejaz, Waqas, Farmer, Harry, Findor, Andrej, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gualda, Estrella, Huynh, Toan L D, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Levy, Jonathan, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Palomäki, Jussi, Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Rothmund, Tobias, Schmid, Petra C., Stadelmann, David, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Torgler, Benno, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu Gabriel, Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew J, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Antazo, Benedict G., Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou El Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, de Carvalho, Chrissie Ferreira, Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo A, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Davis, Victoria H., Minda, John Paul, Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvée, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, García-Navarro, E Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gruber, June, Halperin, Eran, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kunnari, Anton, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Li, Chunyun, Longoni, Chiara, McCashin, Darragh, Mikloušić, Igor, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., de Mello, Victoria Oldemburgo, Palacios-Galvez, Maria Soledad, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel Gaudencio, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia Chiara, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Skali, Ahmed, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Strickland, Brent, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete Sefa, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander C, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., Boggio, Paulo S., Whillans, Ashley, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Prasad, Rajib, Onderco, Michal, O’Madagain, Cathal, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Laguna, Oscar Moreda, Kubin, Emily, Gümren, Mert, Fenwick, Ali, Ertan, Arhan S., Bernstein, Michael J, Amara, Hanane, Van Bavel, Jay J., Pavlović, Tomislav, Azevedo, Flavio, De, Koustav, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Maglić, Marina, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Donnelly-Kehoe, Patricio Andreas, Payán-Gómez, César, Huang, Guanxiong, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Birtel, Michèle D., Schönegger, Philipp, Capraro, Valerio, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Yucel, Meltem, Ibanez, Agustin, Rathje, Steve, Wetter, Erik, Stanojević, Dragan, van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, Hesse, Eugenia, Elbaek, Christian T., Franc, Renata, Pavlović, Zoran, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Gelfand, Michele J., Alfano, Mark, Ross, Robert M., Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Amodio, David M., Apps, Matthew A J, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Cunningham, William A., Ejaz, Waqas, Farmer, Harry, Findor, Andrej, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gualda, Estrella, Huynh, Toan L D, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Levy, Jonathan, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Palomäki, Jussi, Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Rothmund, Tobias, Schmid, Petra C., Stadelmann, David, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Torgler, Benno, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu Gabriel, Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew J, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Antazo, Benedict G., Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou El Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, de Carvalho, Chrissie Ferreira, Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo A, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Davis, Victoria H., Minda, John Paul, Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvée, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, García-Navarro, E Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gruber, June, Halperin, Eran, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kunnari, Anton, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Li, Chunyun, Longoni, Chiara, McCashin, Darragh, Mikloušić, Igor, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., de Mello, Victoria Oldemburgo, Palacios-Galvez, Maria Soledad, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel Gaudencio, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia Chiara, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Skali, Ahmed, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Strickland, Brent, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete Sefa, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander C, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., Boggio, Paulo S., Whillans, Ashley, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Prasad, Rajib, Onderco, Michal, O’Madagain, Cathal, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Laguna, Oscar Moreda, Kubin, Emily, Gümren, Mert, Fenwick, Ali, Ertan, Arhan S., Bernstein, Michael J, Amara, Hanane, and Van Bavel, Jay J.

Abstract

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution—individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic

Published
2022

31. Author Correction:National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (Nature Communications, (2022), 13, 1, (517), 10.1038/s41467-021-27668-9)

Author

Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlović, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Agustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F.C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo de Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomäki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schönegger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A.M., van Prooijen, Jan Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J.A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., Boggio, Paulo S., Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlović, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Agustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F.C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo de Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomäki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schönegger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A.M., van Prooijen, Jan Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J.A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., and Boggio, Paulo S.

Abstract

In this article the author name ‘Agustin Ibanez’ was incorrectly written as ‘Augustin Ibanez’. The original article has been corrected.

Published
2022

34. Essays on Experimental Methods Applied to Different Environments

Author

Di Paolo, Roberto, Ponti, Giovanni, Bilancini, Ennio, and Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico

Subjects
Procurement auctions, Online experiment, Water consumption, Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, Scoring auctions, Quasi-experiment, Game-based education, Experimental methods, Laboratory experiment, Dual process theory
Abstract

El enfoque experimental es el corazón de algunos de los desarrollos más interesantes de la economía. Básicamente, los experimentos se utilizan para generar datos controlados. El término "datos controlados" se refiere al hecho de que la mayoría de los factores en los que influyen las conductas se mantienen constantes, y solo un factor de interés (el "tratamiento'') cambia a la vez. Este es el punto crítico para hacer una inferencia causal. A veces, este proceso de generación ocurre de forma natural (es decir, un "experimento natural''). Sin embargo, la mayoría de las veces, el investigador es el encargado de desarrollar y controlar el proceso de generación. Todas las áreas de la ciencia (incluida la economía) deben considerar todas las metodologías que se pueden aplicar. La teoría, los experimentos de laboratorio, los experimentos de campo, los experimentos online, la neuroeconomía, la investigación observacional y social, las encuestas y más, contribuyen a nuestra comprensión del mundo. En el primer capítulo de a tesis, se presentan resultados experimentales sobre subastas. Se consideran dos tratamientos experimentales: si el comprador prefiere más la calidad a la dimensión del precio, o si este último importa más que la calidad. Los participantes se asignan al azar a uno de estos dos tratamientos y se emparejan en grupos de cinco. Juegan una subasta de períodos múltiples, donde la calidad es exógena asignada en cada ronda y los sujetos presentan una rebaja al precio base anunciado. Las pujas se transforman en puntuaciones que combinan la calidad exógena y la rebaja. El vendedor con la puntuación más alta gana la subasta. Los resultados sugieren que, cuando el peso de la rebaja es mayor, los participantes pujan más cerca del equilibrio. Sin embargo, la probabilidad de obtener un resultado eficiente es mayor cuando se pone más peso en la calidad. En el segundo capítulo analizo los resultados de un experimento en línea en el que los sujetos juegan cuatro versiones del juego Stag-Hunt. Hay tres tratamientos: línea de base, retraso de tiempo y retraso motivado. En el segundo, los sujetos deben esperar 40 segundos antes de elegir una decisión. En el tercero, deben esperar 40 segundos y escribir un texto para motivar sus decisiones. Al final del juego, los participantes informan sobre creencias, preferencias de riesgo y una medida de confianza. El resultado principal es que los sujetos optan por colaborar menos cuando deliberan más. La explicación es que este tratamiento ayuda a los sujetos a comprender que esta es la opción más segura. En el tercer capítulo, los autores estiman el impacto de un programa educativo basado en juegos destinado a promover el uso sostenible del agua. Esto se hizo en la ciudad de Lucca, con miles de alumnos de 2º a 4º de primaria. Los hallazgos indican que los estudiantes del grupo de tratamiento (participantes del programa) mostraron una mayor conciencia sobre el consumo de agua respecto a aquellos estudiantes que no participaron en el programa. Además, encuentran que el efecto positivo aún se observa después de seis meses, lo que sugiere que los programas educativos basados en juegos pueden ser un instrumento eficaz para promover comportamientos prosociales en el consumo de agua.

Published
2021

35. Essays on Experimental Methods Applied to Different Environments

Author

Ponti, Giovanni, Bilancini, Ennio, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, Di Paolo, Roberto, Ponti, Giovanni, Bilancini, Ennio, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, and Di Paolo, Roberto

Abstract

El enfoque experimental es el corazón de algunos de los desarrollos más interesantes de la economía. Básicamente, los experimentos se utilizan para generar datos controlados. El término "datos controlados" se refiere al hecho de que la mayoría de los factores en los que influyen las conductas se mantienen constantes, y solo un factor de interés (el "tratamiento'') cambia a la vez. Este es el punto crítico para hacer una inferencia causal. A veces, este proceso de generación ocurre de forma natural (es decir, un "experimento natural''). Sin embargo, la mayoría de las veces, el investigador es el encargado de desarrollar y controlar el proceso de generación. Todas las áreas de la ciencia (incluida la economía) deben considerar todas las metodologías que se pueden aplicar. La teoría, los experimentos de laboratorio, los experimentos de campo, los experimentos online, la neuroeconomía, la investigación observacional y social, las encuestas y más, contribuyen a nuestra comprensión del mundo. En el primer capítulo de a tesis, se presentan resultados experimentales sobre subastas. Se consideran dos tratamientos experimentales: si el comprador prefiere más la calidad a la dimensión del precio, o si este último importa más que la calidad. Los participantes se asignan al azar a uno de estos dos tratamientos y se emparejan en grupos de cinco. Juegan una subasta de períodos múltiples, donde la calidad es exógena asignada en cada ronda y los sujetos presentan una rebaja al precio base anunciado. Las pujas se transforman en puntuaciones que combinan la calidad exógena y la rebaja. El vendedor con la puntuación más alta gana la subasta. Los resultados sugieren que, cuando el peso de la rebaja es mayor, los participantes pujan más cerca del equilibrio. Sin embargo, la probabilidad de obtener un resultado eficiente es mayor cuando se pone más peso en la calidad. En el segundo capítulo analizo los resultados de un experimento en línea en el que los sujetos juegan cuatro versiones del

Published
2021

36. Digital Escape Games in Educational Programs for Financial Literacy.

Author

Bisanti, Matteo, Di Paolo, Roberto, Pizziol, Veronica, Accardi, Sebastiano, Maggi, Francesca, Paladino, Giovanna, Ricciardi, Emiliano, and Bilancini, Ennio

Subjects
ESCAPE rooms, DIGITAL technology, EDUCATIONAL programs, NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, ACTIVE learning
Abstract

Escape from the Castle is a digital escape game created with the collaboration of the Museum of Saving in Turin (Italy), Neuroscience Lab Intesa Sanpaolo Innovation Center, and the GAME Science Research Center of IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca. In the escape game, players must help Mica, the mascot of the Museum, to run away from the Ghost of the Baroness, from its Castle. To do that, every player has to solve four puzzles in four different rooms. Each room is correlated to a financial issue, such as saving strategies and planning. The game aims to increase the awareness that money represents a means for achieving a purpose (i.e., use value of money) and not an end, from a behavioural and neuroscientific point of view. So we built a study about the behaviour of teenagers. According to the literature, the cooperative approach proposes emotional and cognitive involvement as a tool to strengthen learning, increases awareness of self-efficacy and, when applied to money management, increases the self-perception of being able to make consumption choices. To better understand the mechanisms of cooperation, we built an experiment with 118 students from eleven to fourteen years old, that played the game during a visit to the Museum. We divided students into two groups: one in which students could collaborate with each other in solving the puzzles (treatment) and one in which they had to play individually (control), and we collected score and time of play (behavioural data). In each group, two students wore eye-trackers to record pupil dilation to collect neurophysiological data. Here we present mainly the behavioural results that show that the students who were allowed to collaborate obtained, on average, double the score compared to those who played individually. Furthermore, those who collaborated finished the game in less time than those who have not played as a group. Moreover, combining behavioural data with neurophysiological data, there are indications that high pupil dilation is correlated with high engagement in play, and this is often true in collaborating groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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38. National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author

Van Bavel, Jay Joseph, primary, Cichocka, Aleksandra, additional, Capraro, Valerio, additional, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, additional, Nezlek, John B., additional, Alfano, Mark, additional, Azevedo, Flavio, additional, Cislak, Aleksandra, additional, Lockwood, Patricia, additional, Ross, Robert M, additional, Agadullina, Elena, additional, Apps, Matthew A J, additional, ARUTA, JOHN JAMIR BENZON R., additional, Bor, Alexander, additional, Crabtree, Charles, additional, Cunningham, William A., additional, De, Koustav, additional, Elbaek, Christian T., additional, Ejaz, Waqas, additional, Findor, Andrej, additional, Gjoneska, Biljana, additional, Horiuchi, Yusaku, additional, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, additional, Ibanez, Agustin, additional, Israelashvili, Jacob, additional, Jasko, Katarzyna, additional, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, additional, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, additional, Krouwel, André, additional, Laakasuo, Michael, additional, Lamm, Claus, additional, Leygue, Caroline, additional, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, additional, Mayiwar, Lewend, additional, Mazepus, Honorata, additional, McHugh, Cillian, additional, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, additional, Olsson, Andreas, additional, Otterbring, Tobias, additional, Perry, Anat, additional, Packer, Dominic, additional, Petersen, Michael Bang, additional, Puthillam, Arathy, additional, Rothmund, Tobias, additional, TEWARI, SHRUTI, additional, Tsakiris, Manos, additional, Tung, Hans, additional, Yucel, Meltem, additional, Vanags, Edmunds, additional, Vlasceanu, Madalina, additional, Antazo, Benedict Guzman, additional, Barbosa, Sergio, additional, Bastian, Brock, additional, Bilancini, Ennio, additional, Bogatyreva, Natalia, additional, Boncinelli, Leonardo, additional, Booth, Jonathan E., additional, Borau, Sylvie, additional, Buchel, Ondrej, additional, Carvalho, Chrissie Ferreira, additional, Celadin, Tatiana, additional, Cerami, Chiara, additional, Cian, Luca, additional, Crespi, Chiara, additional, Cutler, Jo, additional, Delouvée, Sylvain, additional, Dezecache, Guillaume, additional, Di Paolo, Roberto, additional, Dulleck, Uwe, additional, Etienne, Tom, additional, Farkhari, Fahima, additional, Fugelsang, Jonathan Albert, additional, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, additional, Gray, Kurt, additional, Griffin, Siobhán M, additional, Gronfeldt, Bjarki, additional, Gruber, June, additional, Harris, Elizabeth Ann, additional, Hruška, Matej, additional, Isler, Ozan, additional, Jangard, Simon, additional, Jørgensen, Frederik Juhl, additional, Koppel, Lina, additional, Leota, Josh, additional, Lermer, Eva, additional, Levy, Neil L, additional, Longoni, Chiara, additional, Miura, Asako, additional, Muda, Rafał, additional, Myer, Annalisa, additional, Nash, Kyle, additional, Nitschke, Jonas P., additional, Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, additional, de Mello, Victoria Oldemburgo, additional, Pan, Yafeng, additional, Zsófia, Papp, additional, Pärnamets, Philip, additional, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, additional, Pitman, Michael Mark, additional, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, additional, Rathje, Steve, additional, Raza, Ali, additional, Rhee, Kasey, additional, Rêgo, Gabriel Gaudencio do, additional, Robertson, Claire, additional, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, additional, Sampaio, Waldir M., additional, Savage, David Alan, additional, Scheffer, Julian Andrew, additional, Schönegger, Philipp, additional, Scott, Andy, additional, Skali, Ahmed, additional, Strickland, Brent, additional, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, additional, Stefaniak, Anna, additional, Sternisko, Anni, additional, Tinghög, Gustav, additional, Torgler, Benno, additional, Tucciarelli, Raffaele, additional, Ungson, Nick D'Angelo, additional, Uysal, Mete Sefa, additional, van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, additional, Van Rooy, Dirk, additional, Västfjäll, Daniel, additional, Vieira, Joana, additional, Walker, Alexander C., additional, Wetter, Erik, additional, Willardt, Robin Richard, additional, Wojcik, Adrian Dominik, additional, Wu, Kaidi, additional, Yamada, Yuki, additional, Yilmaz, Onurcan, additional, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, additional, Zwaan, Rolf Antonius, additional, Boggio, Paulo, additional, Cameron, Daryl, additional, Tyrala, Michael, additional, Gualda, Estrella, additional, Moreau, David, additional, Palomäki, Jussi, additional, and Hudecek, Matthias F. C., additional

Published
2020
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40. Luminescent halogen-substituted 2-(N-arylimino)pyrrolyl boron complexes: the internal heavy-atom effect

Author

Rodrigues, Ana I., primary, Krishnamoorthy, Paramasivam, additional, Gomes, Clara S. B., additional, Carmona, Nicolas, additional, Di Paolo, Roberto E., additional, Pander, Piotr, additional, Pina, João, additional, Sérgio Seixas de Melo, J., additional, Dias, Fernando B., additional, Calhorda, Maria José, additional, Maçanita, António L., additional, Morgado, Jorge, additional, and Gomes, Pedro T., additional

Published
2020
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44. Boron complexes of aromatic 5-substituted iminopyrrolyl ligands: synthesis, structure, and luminescence properties

Author

Rodrigues, Ana I., primary, Figueira, Cláudia A., additional, Gomes, Clara S. B., additional, Suresh, D., additional, Ferreira, Bruno, additional, Di Paolo, Roberto E., additional, Pereira, Daniel de Sa, additional, Dias, Fernando B., additional, Calhorda, Maria José, additional, Morgado, Jorge, additional, Maçanita, António L., additional, and Gomes, Pedro T., additional

Published
2019
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45. Facts and Misconceptions about 2D:4D, Social and Risk Preferences

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, Alonso, Judit, Di Paolo, Roberto, Ponti, Giovanni, Sartarelli, Marcello, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, Alonso, Judit, Di Paolo, Roberto, Ponti, Giovanni, and Sartarelli, Marcello

Abstract

We study how the ratio between the length of the second and fourth digit (2D:4D) correlates with choices in social and risk preferences elicitation tasks by building a large dataset from five experimental projects with more than 800 subjects. Our results confirm the recent literature that downplays the link between 2D:4D and many domains of economic interest, such as social and risk preferences. As for the former, we find that social preferences are significantly lower when 2D:4D is above the median value only for subjects with low cognitive ability. As for the latter, we find that a high 2D:4D is not correlated with the frequency of subjects' risky choices.

Published
2018

46. Relación entre las calificaciones en la evaluación continua y en el examen final y diferencias de género

Author

Albarrán, Pedro, Alonso, Judit, Battaglia, Marianna, Di Paolo, Roberto, Sartarelli, Marcello, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, Economía Laboral y Econometría (ELYE), and Desarrollo, Métodos Cuantitativos y Teoría Económica (DMCTE)

Subjects
Regression discontinuity, Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, education, Gender differences, Nudge effect
Abstract

We analyse if a small increase in a midterm exam grade (ie. grade slightly higher than 5 out of 10 compared with slighter smaller than 5) has an effect in the final exam grade of a course and if this effect is different depending on the student gender. Nudge theory predict that a better performance in midterm exams may increase self-confidence in student ability. But its effect on the final grade is unclear, since students can interpret positive news as a signal that additional study effort is unnecessary to pass the course. We combine administrative data on academic performance and survey data on students behaviour for first year undergraduate Economics and Business students in Mathematics courses in the University of Alicante. Regression Discontinuity techniques allow us to identify the potential causal effect of the positive information in the midterm on the final. We also use survey information to analyse if this nudge effect is heterogeneous. Our results are mixed. We obtain overall insignificant (or even negative) effects of information about midterm exam performance on final course achievement. Although the difference is not always significant, we also find that the nudge effect is higher for women.

Published
2017

49. Relación entre las calificaciones en la evaluación continua y en el examen final y diferencias de género

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, Albarrán, Pedro, Alonso, Judit, Battaglia, Marianna, Di Paolo, Roberto, Sartarelli, Marcello, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, Albarrán, Pedro, Alonso, Judit, Battaglia, Marianna, Di Paolo, Roberto, and Sartarelli, Marcello

Abstract

We analyse if a small increase in a midterm exam grade (ie. grade slightly higher than 5 out of 10 compared with slighter smaller than 5) has an effect in the final exam grade of a course and if this effect is different depending on the student gender. Nudge theory predict that a better performance in midterm exams may increase self-confidence in student ability. But its effect on the final grade is unclear, since students can interpret positive news as a signal that additional study effort is unnecessary to pass the course. We combine administrative data on academic performance and survey data on students behaviour for first year undergraduate Economics and Business students in Mathematics courses in the University of Alicante. Regression Discontinuity techniques allow us to identify the potential causal effect of the positive information in the midterm on the final. We also use survey information to analyse if this nudge effect is heterogeneous. Our results are mixed. We obtain overall insignificant (or even negative) effects of information about midterm exam performance on final course achievement. Although the difference is not always significant, we also find that the nudge effect is higher for women.

Published
2017

50. Modulating the emission intensity of poly-(9,9-bis(6'-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)-fluorene phenylene) bromide through interaction with sodium alkylsulfonate surfactants Modulating the emission intensity of poly-(9,9-bis(6'-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)-fluorene phenylene) bromide through interaction with sodium alkylsulfonate surfactants

Author

Monteserin, Maria, Burrows, Hugh D., Valente, Artur J.M., Lobo, Victor M.M., Mallavia, Ricardo, Tapia, Maria J., Garcia-Zubiri, Inigo X., Di Paolo, Roberto E., and Macanita, Antonio L.

Subjects
Surface active agents -- Chemical properties, Fluorescence -- Research, Polymers -- Chemical properties, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The interaction between the cationic poly-(9,9-bis(6'-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)-fluorene phenylene) bromide (HTMA-PFP) and oppositely charged sodium n-alkyl sulfonate surfactants of different chain lengths is analyzed in DMSO-water solutions. The changes in HTMA-PFP fluorescence as a function of n-alkyl sulfonate concentration are used for understanding the polymer-surfactant interactions.

Published
2007

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