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Background/objectives: The use of oral anticancer agents (OAA) dates to the late 20th century in cancer treatment. It is crucial that patients implement self-care behaviours to keep their disease stable and manage their OAA treatment. The three dimensions of self-care according to Riegel et al., self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management, may be implemented to avoid negative outcomes. This paper seeks to identify outcomes associated with self-care in breast cancer patients during treatment with OAA and to compare which of these outcomes fall into the core outcome categorizations in oncology (minimal set of outcomes that research on a given health issue should measure)., Methods: A systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted. This study included patients with breast cancer taking any kind of OAA and described outcomes of self-care. The search was performed on MEDLINE, Web of Science and CINAHL/PsycINFO; Results: Of 4173 records, eight studies were selected and reviewed. The core outcomes mainly considered were mortality, survival, disease recurrence and quality of life. All studies focused only on pharmacological adherence outcome; none of them focused on other dimensions of self-care., Conclusions: This systematic review highlighted that there is a great lack of research on outcomes related to self-care in patients with breast cancer taking OOA. Even though pharmacological adherence to OAA is important, other behaviours are also important to improve patients' outcomes, but they have not been studied. Further research is needed to study how self-care behaviours can impact patients' outcomes.

Objective: To develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate missed nursing care (MNC) in a home care setting., Design: A new instrument was developed and tested performing a preliminary analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study in Italy. Reporting was performed according to COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines., Sample: Eight hundred out of a total of 2549 home care nurses enrolled in AIDOMUS-IT were considered for the validation of the Missed Nursing Care in Home Care (MNC&#95;HC)., Measurements: The MNC&#95;HC instrument was developed by a panel of experts and underwent content and face validation. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted., Results: EFA revealed a one-factor solution, explaining 56% of the total variance for MNC&#95;HC. CFA confirmed excellent structural validity, with a one-factor model showing an exceptional fit (χ 2 (27) = 141.39, p < .001, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMR = 0.04, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, factor loadings > 0.5). MNC&#95;HC also demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.92). The activity with the highest rate of missed care was the documentation of nursing care (77%), while activities related to nursing techniques (e.g., injections, dressings, etc.) were reported to be missed less (33.63%)., Conclusions: MNC&#95;HC is a quick-filling, valid, reliable, and psychometrically sound instrument for measuring MNC in home care useful for future research., (© 2024 The Author(s). Public Health Nursing published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The aim of this study was to adapt the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) to the home care setting and translate and validate it in Italian. An online questionnaire containing the Italian version of the NASA-TLX adapted to the home care setting was administered to home care nurses to measure workload. Content Validity Index, Exploratory, and Confirmatory Factor Analyses were used to measure the psychometric characteristics of the modified NASA-TLX. The modified Italian version of NASA-TLX&#95;HC-IT showed good psychometric characteristics in measuring the workload of home care nurses, with excellent fit indices. The reliability, calculated with Cronbach's alpha, was 0.73, indicating adequate reliability. A negative correlation between workload and job satisfaction among home care nurses, as well as a positive association between high workload and intention to leave the workplace, was verified. The modified Italian version of the NASA-TLX&#95;HC-IT was confirmed to be a valid and reliable instrument to measure workload in home care nursing. Furthermore, the correlation between workload and the intention to leave the workplace among home care nurses was an important result that community nursing managers should consider preventing the shortage of home care nurses., (© 2024 The Author(s). Public Health Nursing published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: In the last two decades, the use of oral anticancer agents (OAAs) has increased in cancer patients. Despite this, patients and their caregivers face some challenging issues (side effects, drug-to-drug interactions, etc.) related to OAA administration. The three dimensions of self-care by Riegel et al., self-care maintenance (i.e., stability of patient condition), self-care monitoring (i.e., detection of side effects), and self-care management (i.e., management of side effects), may be implemented to avoid negative outcomes. However, knowledge of self-care determinants is necessary to recognise people at risk of poor self-care behaviours., Aims: Determine which are the predictors of self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring and self-care management in patients with cancer taking OAA., Methods: A systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted. We included studies on adult patients with cancer using any kind of oral anticancer agent and describing a predictor of self-care. The search was performed on PubMed, CINAHL/PsycINFO, and Web of Science., Results: Of 3,061 records, 45 studies were included in this review. Forty-six predictors organised into 14 categories were identified. In general, all studies focused only on adherence, considered as a self-care maintenance component, and none of them focused on other dimensions of self-care. The predictors of OAA adherence most reported were age, side effects, and socioeconomic factors (e.g., insurance status, and annual income)., Conclusions: This systematic review highlighted the literature gap on the analysis of determinants of self-care behaviours in patients taking OAAs. This element could be a starting point for future research that can provide elements to support the oncology nursing research agenda, aimed at recognising patients at risk of poor self-care., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Ucciero et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: For patients with diabetes mellitus, self-care is crucial because it prevents complications and helps preserve quality of life. Clinicians and researchers require effective tools for assessing self-care behaviors across various dimensions to identify individual needs and maximize resource allocation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI)., Methods: Two hundred eighteen participants with DMT1 and DMT2 who were recruited through convenience sampling from a university hospital participated in our cross-sectional study. After translation and cultural adaptation, the enrolled patients answered the questions. We performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on each of the SCODI scales and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using our models which appropriate fit indices., Results: The original structure of the four-dimensions tool was confirmed. The overall consistency across the four scales was assessed by Cronbach's alpha: self-care maintenance (0.766), self-care monitoring (0.790), self-care management (0.771), and self-care confidence (0.936). The model fit yielded a chi-square index of 1.028 with 773 degrees of freedom. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit, thereby affirming the reliability of the model., Conclusion: The internal consistency and reliability of the SCODI Spanish version are deemed adequate. This tool is appropriate when it is desired to evaluate the self-care practices of Spanish persons suffering from diabetes due to its good psychometric qualities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Martínez-Tofé, Ausili, Soto-Ruiz, Santolalla-Arnedo, Durante, di Nitto, Lysanets, de Viñaspre-Hernández, Tejada-Garrido, Sánchez Barba, Gea-Caballero and Juárez-Vela.)

Background: The number of people who access social networking sites continues to increase at an exponential rate. The use of technology is an essential skill for nursing professionals and its development represents a challenge in improving health education, promotion and care. The objective of this systematic review is to analyse the use of social networking sites by healthcare professionals as an intervention tool for evidence-based public health education., Methods: The protocol of this umbrella review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023407249). Searches were carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), and Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, in February 2023. A narrative synthesis of the results was conducted., Results: 1896 articles were found, of which 15 reviews fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Social networks broadened the profession; they were YouTube, X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, and Instagram. The target population was mainly young professionals, and they came across different topic areas that addressed health education., Conclusions: It is important to have information backed by scientific evidence to make health decisions. Health professionals active on social networking sites have a unique opportunity to educate the public about health by sharing scientific evidence in an accessible and clear way, which helps to combat misinformation.

Introduction: The uptake of research evidence on staffing issues in nursing by nursing leadership, management and into organizational policies seems to vary across Europe. This study wants to assess this uptake of research evidence., Design: Scoping survey., Method: The presidents of twelve country specific Sigma Chapters within the European Region answered written survey questions about work organisation, national staffing levels, national skill mix levels, staff characteristics, and education., Results: Seven of the 12 chapters could not return complete data, reported that data was unavailable, there was no national policy or only guidance related to some settings., Conclusion: Enhancing the awareness of nursing research and of nursing leaders and managers regarding staffing level evidence is not enough. It seems necessary to encourage nurse leaders to lobby for staffing policies., Clinical Relevance: Research evidence on staffing issues in nursing and how it benefits health care is available. In Europe this evidence should be used more to lobby for change in staffing policies., (© 2024 Sigma Theta Tau International.)

Introduction: The aging of the population requires an appropriate knowledge of the type of care that needs to be provided to inform healthcare policies. In Italy, neither home care nursing, nor the patient experiences have ever been described., Objectives: To describe the characteristics of nurses and care recipients involved in home care., Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 18 Italian Regions. Between April and October 2023, data from nurses and patients involved in home care were collected through two surveys. Psychosocial conditions in workplaces, missed care, and care experiences were assessed using validated tools. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlations were performed., Results: A total of 46 local healthcare units were included in this study, with a total of 2549 nurses and 4709 care recipients. Nurses (mean age 46.60; 79.48% female; 44.68% regional nursing diploma as the highest qualification) reported good working conditions (42.37; SD = 12.25; range = 0-100) and a high mean number of missed care activities (5.11; SD = 3.19; range 0-9). Most nurses (83.41%) reported high levels of job satisfaction, while 20.28% intended to leave their job. Patients (mean age 75.18; 57.57% female; 36.95% primary school), on the other hand, rated positively the care they had received (8.23; range = 0-10)., Conclusions: Despite the perception of critical issues at work and some missed care, satisfaction in nurses and patients was high. These data constitute a preliminary snapshot of the studied phenomena, which will be investigated through more in-depth analyses., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Physiotherapy in Palliative Care (PC) is effective in the management of a series of respiratory, circulatory and motor symptoms, and often has a positive impact on the patient's mood. The Edmonton Functional Assessment Tool (EFAT) is the only existing validated tool specifically designed for functional assessment in PC, and its use has been recommended in clinical practice. To date, no Italian version of the tool has been validated. The aim of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the EFAT2., Method: After receiving formal permission from the author, Beaton guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation were followed, namely: (1) forward translation; (2) a multidisciplinary focus group (including 4 physiotherapists, 1 physician, 3 nurses, 1 occupational therapist, 1 psychologist) to assess semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence; (3) backward translation. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to assess content validity of the tool. Construct and concurrent validity were also evaluated. To evaluate the reliability of the EFAT2-I, reliability was measured using Cronbach alfa, item-total correlation, and Cohen's Kappa., Results: 119 patients admitted to a Palliative Care Unit (Italy) agreed to participate in the study. The EFAT2-I mean score was 11.3, ranging from 0 to 30. Very good CVI scores were achieved, both in terms of single item validity (I-CVI) and of whole scale validity (S-CVI). Positive results were obtained from construct, concurrent validity assessment and measures of reliability., Discussion: The EFAT2-I showed good psychometric properties and can be used as a rehabilitation assessment tool in palliative care settings. The validation of the Italian version will allow comparison of different centres and palliative care facilities on national and international levels., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Introduction: Dealing with intercultural communicative barriers in European countries' national health services is an increasing and necessary challenge to guarantee migrant women's right to health care. This integrative review describes the communication barriers and facilitators that migrant women encounter to access and use sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in Europe., Methods: A literature search was performed to identify original studies in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus, using keywords associated with migrant women and SRH services. This was supplemented by scanning the reference lists from relevant studies and similar reviews. Studies exploring the perspective of migrant women about communication barriers and facilitators to the access and use of SRH services were included, whereas those that solely explored health professional's experiences were excluded. Findings were organized into 4 themes: (1) verbal-linguistic barriers, (2) nonverbal language barriers, (3) cultural barriers, and (4) communication facilitators., Results: Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that when women had problems understanding or being understood by health professionals, they experienced feelings of anxiety, fear, insecurity, and discrimination that discouraged them from using SRH services. The most requested facilitators by women were health education, access to professional interpreters and translation of written information, and increasing the practitioners' cultural competence., Discussion: Communication barriers undermine migrant women's right to benefit from preventive SRH programs and to make informed decisions concerning their health. It is necessary to establish tailored plans in each health care center to improve intercultural communication that integrate facilitators proposed by women. Future research should provide solid evidence on the effectiveness of each facilitator implemented., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM).)

Background: The Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale (HFSPS) is an instrument that examine the existence and gravity of physical signs and symptoms in patients with heart failure, as well as early and subtle symptoms of HF that have clinical value, we aimed to translate and adapt the HFSPS from English to Spanish and evaluate the psychometric properties., Method: HFSPS translation and back translation were carried out according to the method established by of Beaton et al. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test the factor structures. To assess criterion-related validity, HFSPS factor scores were correlated with Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) scores using the Spearman correlation method. The reliability of the internal consistency of the HFSPS was determined by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the factor score determination coefficient., Results: Data from 173 patients with a mean age of 80.7 years (SD 9.1), women (51.1%), were analyzed. The majority (74.7%) were NYHA class II/III. The confirmatory factor analysis of four factors after eliminating one item showed fit indices close to the recommended indices: χ 2  = 169.237, p  < 0.001, CFI = 0.920, TLI = 0.901, RMSEA = 0.057 and SRMR = 0.061. Regarding the validity related to the criterion, all the scores of the HFSPS dimensions were correlated with all the scores of the KCCQ dimensions and were statistically significant. The reliability of the HFSPS factors of the coefficient of determination obtained scores of 0.73 for the dyspnea factor and early and subtle and lower for edema and chest discomfort with fewer items. Cronbach's alpha was acceptable for three of the scales >0.71 and poor 0.52 for chest discomfort with two items. The internal consistency index based on the model was 0.850., Conclusion: The Spanish version of the HFSPS is a valid and reliable instrument that that would be feasible to use in clinical and research setting to evaluate in the perception of symptoms in patients with heart failure., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor CL declared a shared parent affiliation with the authors RA-O, CS-O at the time of review., (© 2023 Antonio-Oriola, Juárez-Vela, Czapla, Durante, Di Nitto, Benavent-Cervera, Saus-Ortega, Navas-Echazarreta, Cobos-Rincón, Tejada-Garrido, Santolalla Arnedo and Gea-Caballero.)

Background: The use of intravenous fluid therapy in patients with major trauma in prehospital settings is still controversial. We conducted an umbrella review to evaluate which is the best volume expansion in the resuscitation of a hemorrhagic shock to support the development of major trauma guideline recommendations., Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL up to September 2022 for systematic reviews (SRs) investigating the use of volume expansion fluid on mortality and/or survival. Quality assessment was performed using AMSTAR 2 and the Certainty of the evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach., Results: We included 14 SRs investigating the effects on mortality with the comparisons: use of crystalloids, blood components, and whole blood. Most SRs were judged as critically low with slight overlapping of primary studies and high consistency of results. For crystalloids, inconsistent evidence of effectiveness in 28- to 30-day survival (primary endpoint) was found for the hypertonic saline/dextran group compared with isotonic fluid solutions with moderate certainty of evidence. Pre-hospital blood component infusion seems to reduce mortality, however, as the certainty of evidence ranges from very low to moderate, we are unable to provide evidence to support or reject its use. The blood component ratio was in favor of higher ratios among all comparisons considered with moderate to very low certainty of evidence. Results about the effects of whole blood are very uncertain due to limited and heterogeneous interventions in studies included in SRs., Conclusion: Hypertonic crystalloid use did not result in superior 28- to 30-day survival. Increasing evidence supports the scientific rationale for early use of high-ratio blood components, but their use requires careful consideration. Preliminary evidence is very uncertain about the effects of whole blood and further high-quality studies are required., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Aim: To analyse recommended interventions for the safe and responsible dissemination of suicidal behaviour in the media for preventive purposes., Background: Suicide is a serious public health problem that leads to more than 700,000 deaths per year, which translates into one death every forty seconds. The media play a significant role in shaping public perceptions and reflecting societal issues. Because of its active role in the construction of reality, the way in which the media report and expose suicidal behaviour has the capacity to influence the population in either a preventive or harmful way., Design: An umbrella review was carried out and a report was written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews., Methods: We systematically searched for reviews published from inception to February 2023 in MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL and PsycInfo (via EBSCOhost), Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A narrative synthesis of the results was conducted., Results: Six systematic reviews with a moderate to high quality level were selected. Among the recommended interventions were the inclusion of positive messages of hope, resilience, or of overcoming the event, narratives with information on available resources or the promotion of support-seeking attitudes as an effective prevention mechanism, as well as the avoidance of repetitive reporting of the same suicide. The appropriate and responsible dissemination of information on suicidal behaviour in the media with complete and up-to-date information on available centres, organisations, institutions, and resources has proven to be effective, especially in vulnerable populations., Conclusion: Educating and training the media in an appropriate approach to disseminating suicidal behaviour helps to reduce the number of suicidal behaviours. Knowing what information is advisable to include in the news item as well as what information to avoid is a strong point. Guidelines to promote responsible media reporting are a key component of suicide prevention strategies. This study was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 23 April 2022 with the registration number CRD42022320393.

Objective: This review will map and define the terminology used in health care literature for "best practice" as well as its underpinning framework/methodology., Introduction: Numerous international organizations and institutions have sought to develop models or frameworks to guide health care providers to integrate the best evidence into clinical practice. However, different concepts related to best practice have been used, both in the biomedical literature and by public institutions, leading to a lack of consistency in definitions of the term. This poses a potential difficulty for clinical professionals in applying evidence effectively to achieve desired patient outcomes., Inclusion Criteria: This review will adopt the following inclusion criteria: i) the study must contain a definition of the term "best practice" or its related concepts; ii) the concept of best practice must refer to clinical activities and not have organizational features; and iii) any study design can be included. Studies will be excluded if they describe a definition of best practice that is not directly related to clinical practice (eg, business)., Methods: The review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. An initial search of MEDLINE identified keywords and MeSH terms. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Google Scholar will be searched from 2001 until the present, the year in which the first definition of best practice appeared in the literature. Four pairs of reviewers will independently select studies and perform data extraction and data synthesis. Data will be presented in figures or tables, accompanied by a narrative summary. Searches will be limited to articles in English, Italian, German, French, and Spanish., Review Registration: Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/52vxe/., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 JBI.)

Purpose: To adequately manage oral anticancer agents (OAAs) therapy, appropriate self-care behaviours must be implemented. Informal caregivers could support and contribute to patient self-care. This study aimed to explore and describe the caregiver contribution to self-care and their related experience of caring among informal caregivers of patients on OAAs., Methods: Qualitative descriptive design. We conducted semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed, read in depth, and analysed with deductive and inductive content analysis, according to Mayring. Adult informal caregivers (>18 years) of elderly patients (>65 years) with solid malignancies undergoing OAAs therapy for at least 3 months were included., Findings: Twenty-three caregivers were interviewed with mean age of 57,2 (SD ± 15,8). A total of 18 codes from the qualitative content analysis were found, of which ten were referred to caregiver contribution and classified into the three dimensions of self-care maintenance (i.e. behaviours to maintain illness stable), self-care monitoring (i.e., tracking symptoms and side effects), and self-care management (i.e., management of worsening symptoms), according to the Middle Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illnesses. The eight codes on caregiver experience were aggregated into two main themes: negative aspects (i.e., burden, emotional state, self-denial, social isolation) and positive aspects of caregiving., Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should consider the importance of caregiver role in supporting their loved one treated with OAAs, also taking into account their needs to prevent burdensome situations. A holistic view in which a patient-centred approach is established should be encouraged through the communication and education of the dyad., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To develop and test the content validity of the Self-Care of Oral Anticancer Agents Index (SCOAAI)., Data Sources: SCOAAI items were developed according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) criteria. The Middle Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illnesses informed item generation. A four-phase procedure was followed; Phase 1: items were created based on a previous systematic review and a qualitative study; Phase 2: the SCOAAI comprehensibility and comprehensiveness were established through qualitative interviews with clinical experts and with patients (Phase 3); and Phase 4: the SCOAAI was then administered through an online survey to a group of clinical experts for the Content Validity Index (CVI) calculation., Conclusion: The first version of the SCOAAI included 27 items. Five clinical experts and 10 patients tested the comprehensiveness and comprehensibility of instructions, items, and response options. Fifty-three experts (71.7% female, mean experience with patients on oral anticancer agents 5.8 years [standard deviation ± .2]; 66% nurses) participated in the online survey for content validity testing. The final version of the SCOAAI includes 32 items. Item CVI ranges between 0.79 and 1; the average Scale CVI is 0.95. Future studies will test the psychometric properties of the tool., Implications for Nursing Practice: The SCOAAI showed excellent content validity, confirming its usefulness for assessing self-care behaviors for patients on oral anticancer agents. By implementing this instrument, nurses could define and implement targeted interventions for improving self-care and obtaining more positive outcomes (eg, better quality of life, reduced hospitalizations and emergency department visits)., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of transitional care interventions for seriously ill patients and their caregivers., Introduction: Seriously ill patients and their caregivers may have complex health and social care needs that require services from numerous providers across multiple sectors. Transitional care interventions have been designed to enhance a collaborative approach among providers to facilitate the care transition process. However, the effectiveness of transitional care interventions for seriously ill patients and their caregivers, and the effects of such interventions on their outcomes, remain unclear., Inclusion Criteria: Randomized controlled trials with adult patients (≥18 years old) with serious illness and their caregivers involved in transitional care programs will be considered for inclusion. The patients' outcomes will include mortality and/or survival, symptoms (eg, pain, nausea), and health-related quality of life. The caregivers' outcomes will include caregiver burden, preparedness, and well-being., Methods: The JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness will be followed. The search strategy will aim to locate published and unpublished studies. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, will be systematically searched from 2003 to the present. Studies in English, Italian, Spanish, French, and German will be included. Critical appraisal and data extraction will be conducted using standardized tools. Quantitative data will be pooled in statistical meta-analysis or, if statistical pooling is not possible, the findings will be reported narratively. Certainty of the evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach., Systematic Review Registration Number: PROSPERO CRD42022319848., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 JBI.)

Background: A structured approach involves systematic management of trauma patients. We aim to conduct an overview of reviews about the clinical efficacy and safety of structured approach (i.e., primary and secondary survey) by guideline checklist compared to non-structured approach (i.e. clinical examination); moreover, routine screening whole-body computer tomography (WBCT) was compared to non-routine WBCT in patients with suspected major trauma., Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to 3 May 2022. Systematic reviews (SRs) that investigated the use of a structured approach compared to a non-structured approach were eligible. Two authors independently extracted data, managed the overlapping of primary studies belonging to the included SRs and calculated the corrected covered area (CCA). The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology., Results: We included nine SRs investigating two comparisons in stable trauma patients: structured approach vs non-structured approach (n = 1) and routine WBCT vs non-routine WBCT (n = 8). The overlap of included primary studies was generally high across outcomes (CCA ranged between 20.85 and 42.86%) with some discrepancies in the directions of effects across reviews. The application of a structured approach by checklist may improve adherence to guidelines (e.g. Advanced Trauma Life Support) during resuscitation and might lead to a reduction in mortality among severely injured patients as compared to clinical examination (Adjusted OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.30-0.89; p = 0.018; low certainty of evidence). The use of routine WBCT seems to offer little to no effects in reducing mortality and time spent in emergency room or department, whereas non-routine WBCT seems to offer little to no effects in reducing radiation dose, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) and hospital LOS (low-to-moderate certainty of evidence)., Conclusions: The application of structured approach by checklist during trauma resuscitation may improve patient- and process-related outcomes. Including non-routine WBCT seems to offer the best trade-offs between benefits and harm. Clinicians should consider these findings in the light of their clinical context, the volume of patients in their facilities, the need for time management, and costs., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Purpose of Review: Continuous progress in cancer care has led to its increased use in oral anticancer agents that are easily managed by patients at home with fewer costs and hospitalizations. However, correct self-care behaviors are needed for the safe use of these medications. This review aimed to synthesize studies on self-care behaviors in patients treated with oral anticancer agents., Methods: This systematic review used a convergent qualitative synthesis design for mixed studies. Studies on adult patients with cancer using any kind of oral anticancer agent and describing self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and/or self-care management behaviors were searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. After data extraction, the findings were retained for qualitative synthesis., Findings: Of 3419 records, 19 studies were included in this review. From the qualitative synthesis, all the retrieved behaviors were synthesized in the three self-care dimensions. Five themes and 18 subthemes were identified. Self-care maintenance included "adherence to the medications" and "prevention." Self-care monitoring consisted of "health surveillance and recognition of illness changes." Self-care management included "seeking help" and "autonomous management of side effects." Overall, most of the behaviors described focused only on adherence., Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review could guide future studies on self-care and drive future interventions aimed at improving self-care in this vulnerable population. Nurses and other healthcare professionals should provide self-care support to patients taking oral anticancer agents. In particular, they should promote behaviors aimed at improving well-being, preserving health, or managing side effects., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This study aimed to systematically review and depict the current studies of traditional Chinese medicine for the mental health of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)., Methods: A scoping review was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, and SinoMed, with the retrieval time being from the establishment of the database to April 18, 2022. The basic information of the included studies, objective, design, types of patients, interventions, outcomes, etc., was reviewed and summarized narratively. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool, the methodological index for non-randomized studies or the Newcastle-Ottawa scale., Results: We identified 30 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) studies from six databases. Among them, finished randomized controlled trials ( n = 16) accounted for most of the studies, followed by single-arm studies (n = 9). In terms of study theme, 20 studies defined the mental health of patients with COVID-19 as the research theme. Psychological assessment was included in the inclusion criteria (performed before participation) of nine studies, whereas the other studies only mentioned the mental outcomes. TCM interventions included TCM exercises (Yijinjing, Baduanjin, Liuzijue, Taichi), acupoint stimulation (auricular and body points), moxibustion, decoction, or granules based on TCM syndrome differentiation, decoction, or granules with fixed formulae (Baidu Jieduan granules, Xuanfei Baidu decoction, and Qingfei Paidu decoction), Chinese patent medicine (Jinhua Qinggan granules), TCM psychological therapy (TCM ideological therapy, TCM five-tone therapy, and TCM psychological sand table), and TCM nursing (dialectical care, dialectical diet, and psychological counseling). Anxiety and depression were the main outcomes evaluated in regard to mental health in patients with COVID-19. The limitations of methodological quality were predominantly from follow-up, blinding, and registration. Positive results were reported by 27 studies (90%, n = 30)., Conclusion: We summarized the existing literature about the impact of TCM on mental health in patients with COVID-19. The number of studies evaluating the impact of TCM on mental health is encouraging, but overall methodological quality was low. Several TCM interventions warrant further evaluation, particularly among populations outside of China, for the purpose of establishing supporting evidence. More importantly, research with stronger methodological quality needs to be developed., Graphical Abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A36., Competing Interests: This article only represents the authors’ personal opinions, and does not represent any involvement of the bodies or authorities of affiliation. All authors have not received any fee or reimbursement for participating in the study and writing this article., (Copyright © 2022 Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.)

Purpose: Older adults treated with oral anticancer agents may have several needs related to managing their treatment at home. Moreover, the experiences of older adults engaging in self-care have been poorly investigated. This study aimed to explore and describe self-care behaviours in older adults treated with oral anticancer agents., Method: This is a qualitative study using content analysis with both a deductive and an inductive approach. Guided by the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness, we explored the three theoretical dimensions of self-care maintenance (i.e., behaviours to maintain illness stability), self-care monitoring (i.e., behaviours to monitor signs and symptoms) and self-care management (i.e., responses to signs and symptoms). Patients over 70 years of age who were treated with oral anticancer agents for at least 3 months were interviewed., Results: We enrolled 22 participants (13 males), age range: 70-87 years. Nine categories emerged within the three identified dimensions-self-care maintenance: medication adherence, dietary adaptations and physical activity; self-care monitoring: general health status, cancer monitoring, sign and symptom recognition and attending visits; and self-care management: oral anticancer agent side effects management and illness management., Conclusions: Self-care is a growing area in cancer research. However, it is poorly understood among older patients taking oral anticancer agents. Oncology nurses can play a pivotal role in evaluating and supporting self-care behaviours, educating patients to effectively implement correct self-care behaviours and ensuring positive outcomes for these patients. Further research is needed to establish appropriate interventions to improve self-care in older patients taking oral anticancer agents., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background and Aim of the Work: Place of death and disenrollment from specialized palliative care services (SPCSs) are two aspects that determine service utilization. These aspects should be determined by patient needs and preferences, but they are often associated to patient sociodemographic or contextual characteristics. The aim of this study was to describe which factors are associated with utilizing SPCSs in terms of place of death and disenrollment., Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Patients (>18 years) who died or were disenrolled during SPCSs utilization. Two hierarchical regression models were performed, and variables were categorized in predisposing, enabling, and need factors according to the Andersen behavioral model of health services use., Results: We included 35,869 patients (52,5% male, mean age 74,6 ± 12,3 SD), where 17,225 patients died in hospice and 16,953 at home, while 1,691 patients were disenrolled. Dying at home was associated with older age, oncological diagnosis, painful symptoms and longer survival time. Instead, service disenrollment was associated with less education, longer wait time and longer length of stay., Conclusions: SPCS utilization was not influenced only by patient need, but also by other factors, such as social and contextual factors. These factors need to be considered by health care providers and efforts are needed for 1) identifying barriers and implementing effective interventions to support patients and caregivers in their preferred place of care and death and 2) for avoiding SPCS disenrollment with an increased probability of aggressive treatments and worse quality of life for patients.

Background: The Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Heart Failure (CC-SCHFI) is a theoretically driven instrument to measure the extent to which caregivers support heart failure (HF) patients to perform self-care. The CC-SCHFI measures caregivers' contribution to self-care maintenance and self-care management and caregiver confidence in contributing to heart failure patients' self-care. To date, the CC-SCHFI has never been tested in Spanish-speaking populations., Purpose: To translate the CC-SCHFI from English into Spanish and to test its psychometric characteristics., Method: CC-SCHFI translation and back-translation were performed according to the Beaton et al. methodology. Data from a cross-sectional study conducted in an outpatient clinic in Spain were used for the analysis. Psychometric analysis was performed with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with oblique rotation., Results: Caregivers had a mean age of 60.5 years (SD 14,9) and the majority were female (85%). Data from 220 caregivers were analyzed. From EFA, using the principal axis factoring method, we extracted two factors in the self-care maintenance subscale ("treatment adherence behaviors" and "symptom control and maintenance behaviors"), two in the self-care monitoring subscale ("illness behaviors" and "prevention behaviors") and one factor for the self-efficacy subscale. The Pearson's rank correlation coefficients between SCHFI and CCSCHFI showed significant correlation in each subdimension.

Background: The number of patients using palliative care services, particularly residential hospices, is increasing. Policymakers are urging these services to reflect on the most effective organizational strategies for meeting patients' complex care needs., Aim: To analyze the predictive power of staffing, structure and process indicators towards optimal control of patients' clinically significant symptoms over time., Design: Secondary analysis of data from a multicentre prospective longitudinal observational study (PRELUdiHO) collected between November 2017 and September 2018., Setting/participants: Adult patients (n = 992) enrolled in 13 Italian residential hospices., Methods: Two generalized estimating equations logistic models were built, both with number of hospice beds and length of stay as independent variables as well as, in one case, patient-to-healthcare worker ratios, and, in the other, health professionals' qualification levels. Dependent variables were six not clinically significant (score<4) symptoms: pain, nausea, shortness of breath, feeling sad, feeling nervous, and 'how you feel overall', according to the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System revised (ESAS-r) scale., Results: The generalized estimating equations indicators on staff revealed the following 'optimal' model: Patient-to-Physician ratio (5.5:1-6.5:1); Patient-to-Nurse ratio (1.5:1-2.7:1); Patient-to-Nurse-Assistant ratio (4.1:1-6.3:1); with the most balanced staff composition including 19% physicians, 23% nurse assistants, and 58% registered nurses; hospice beds (12-25); length of stay (median = 12 days). This model predicted an up to four times greater likelihood of controlling all six ESAS-r symptoms over time. The generalized estimating equations model on the educational level of physicians and registered nurses showed that it was significantly associated with optimal patients' symptom control during the entire hospice stay., Conclusions: This study showed the exact skill-mix composition and proportions of palliative care team able to ensure optimal control of patients' symptoms. The added value of physicians and nurses with a qualification in palliative care in terms of better patient outcomes reaffirmed the importance of education in guaranteeing quality care. Hospices with 12-25 beds, and recruitment methods guaranteeing at least 12-day stay ensured the most propitious organizational environment for optimal management of clinically significant symptoms. The transferability of these results mainly depends on whether the skills of health professionals in our `ideal' model are present in other contexts. Our results provide policymakers and hospice managers with specific, evidence-based information to support decision-making processes regarding hospice staffing and organization. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the positive impact of this 'optimal' organizational framework on patient outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Advanced cancer patients often die in hospital after receiving needless, aggressive treatment. Although palliative care improves symptom management, barriers to accessing palliative care services affect its utilisation, and such disparities challenge the equitable provision of palliative care. This study aimed to identify which factors are associated with inequitable palliative care service utilisation among advanced cancer patients by applying the Andersen Behavioural Model of Health Services Use. Material and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using administrative healthcare data. A total of 13,656 patients residing in the Lazio region of Italy, who died of an advanced cancer-related cause-either in hospital or in a specialised palliative care facility-during the period of 2012-2016 were included in the study. Potential predictors of specialised palliative service utilisation were explored by grouping the following factors: predisposing factors (i.e., individuals' characteristics), enabling factors (i.e., systemic/structural factors) and need factors (i.e., type/severity of illness). Results: The logistic hierarchical regression showed that older patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45; <0.0001) of Caucasian ethnicity (OR = 4.17; 0.02), with a solid tumour (OR = 1.87; <0.0001) and with a longer survival time (OR = 2.09; <0.0001) were more likely to be enrolled in a palliative care service. Patients who lived farther from a specialised palliative care facility (OR = 0.13; <0.0001) and in an urban area (OR = 0.58; <0.0001) were less likely to be enrolled. Conclusion: This study found that socio-demographic (age, ethnicity), clinical (type of tumour, survival time) and organisational (area of residence, distance from service) factors affect the utilisation of specialised palliative care services. The fact that service utilisation is not only a function of patients' needs but also of other aspects demonstrates the presence of inequity in access to palliative care among advanced cancer patients.