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1. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Hospitalizations in an Acute Psychiatric Ward

Author

Di Lorenzo R, Reami M, Dragone D, Morgante M, Panini G, Ferri P, and Rovesti S

Subjects
psychiatric hospitalizations, covid-19 pandemic, community mental health, psychiatric involuntary treatment, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Matteo Reami,2 Diego Dragone,1 Martina Morgante,1 Giulia Panini,1 Paola Ferri,3 Sergio Rovesti3 1Mental Health Department and Drug Abuse, AUSL-Modena, Modena, 41124, Italy; 2School of Medicine & Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy; 3Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, ItalyCorrespondence: Rosaria Di Lorenzo, Tel +39-335-5410018, Email saradilorenzo1@alice.it; r.dilorenzo@ausl.mo.itBackground: The Sars-CoV-2 pandemic imposed unprecedented and drastic changes in health care organizations all over the world.Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the pandemic on hospitalizations in an acute psychiatric ward.Patients and Methods: We retrospectively identified and compared acute psychiatric hospitalizations in the Service for Psychiatric Diagnosis and Care (SPDC) of AUSL-Modena during the pre-pandemic (n = 1858) and pandemic period (n = 1095), from 01/01/2017 to 31/12/2022. Data were statistically analyzed using STATA12.Results: We collected 1858 hospitalizations in the pre-pandemic and 1095 in the pandemic. During the pandemic, we observed a progressively sharp reduction in voluntary hospitalizations, whereas involuntary ones remained stable with an increase in 2022 (p < 0.001), longer hospital stays (12.32 mean days vs 10.03; p < 0.001), longer periods of involuntary hospitalizations (8.45 mean days vs 5.72; p < 0.001), more frequent aggressive behaviour (16.10% vs 9.12%; p < 0.001) and referral to psychiatric communities at discharge (11.04% vs 6.13%; p < 0.001); non-Italians (p = 0.001), people with disability pension (p < 0.001) and Support Administrator (p < 0.001) were more frequently hospitalized.Conclusion: During the pandemic, voluntary psychiatric hospitalizations decreased, but not involuntary ones, and the most vulnerable people in serious clinical conditions were hospitalized.Keywords: psychiatric hospitalizations, COVID-19 pandemic, community mental health, psychiatric involuntary treatment

Published
2024

2. Involuntary Hospitalizations in an Italian Acute Psychiatric Ward: A 6-Year Retrospective Analysis

Author

Di Lorenzo R, Reami M, Dragone D, Morgante M, Panini G, Rovesti S, Filippini T, Ferrari S, and Ferri P

Subjects
nonadherence to treatment, involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations, the pandemic, revolving door, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Matteo Reami,2 Diego Dragone,1 Martina Morgante,1 Giulia Panini,1 Sergio Rovesti,3 Tommaso Filippini,3,4 Silvia Ferrari,3,5 Paola Ferri3 1Mental Health Department and Drug Abuse, AUSL-Modena, Modena, Italy; 2School of Medicine & Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 3Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 4School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 5Mental Health Department and Drug Abuse, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, ItalyCorrespondence: Rosaria Di Lorenzo, Mental Health Department and Drug Abuse, SPDC in OCSAE, via P. Giardini, 1355, Baggiovara, Modena, 41126, Italy, Tel +393355410018, Email saradilorenzo1@alice.it; r.dilorenzo@ausl.mo.itPurpose: We evaluated the differences between demographic (age, sex, nationality, employment, housing, schooling, support administrator), clinical (hospitalization reason, aggressive behaviour, length of hospitalization, psychiatric diagnosis and comorbidities, psychiatric medications, discharge destination, “revolving door” hospitalizations) and environmental (pre-and pandemic period) variables in voluntary (VHs) and involuntary hospitalizations (IHs) in an acute psychiatric ward during a 6-year period.Patients and Methods: We retrospectively collected the selected variables concerning the hospitalizations of subjects over 18 years of age in the Service for Psychiatric Diagnosis and Care of Mental Health and Drug Abuse Department in Modena from 01/01/2017 to 31/12/2022.Results: We observed a progressive and sharp reduction in the number of VHs (n = 1800; 61.41%) during the pandemic and a stability of IHs (n = 1131; 38.59%), which in 2022 became prevalent. We highlighted the following differences between VHs and IHs: an increase in hospitalization length in IHs (14.25 mean days ± 15.89 SD) in comparison with VHs (8.78 mean days ± 13.88 SD), which increased more during the pandemic; an increase in aggressive behavior in IHs, especially during the pandemic (Pearson Chi2 = 90.80; p = 0.000); a prevalence of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (Pearson Chi2 = 283.63; p = 0.000) and more frequent maladaptive social conditions among subjects in IHs.Conclusion: During the 6-year observation period, we underscored a trend of increasingly reduced recourse to VHs, whereas IHs increased even in the pandemic. Our results suggest that IHs in Psychiatry represented an extreme measure for treating the most severe psychopathological situations such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, characterized by aggressive behaviour and precarious social conditions, which needed longer stay than VHs, especially during the pandemic.Keywords: nonadherence to treatment, involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations, pandemic, revolving door

Published
2023

4. Valorisation of cotton post-industrial textile waste into lactic acid: chemo-mechanical pretreatment, separate hydrolysis and fermentation using engineered yeast

Author

Simonetti, M, Butti, P, Di Lorenzo, R, Mapelli, V, Branduardi, P, Simonetti M., Butti P., Di Lorenzo R. D., Mapelli V., Branduardi P., Simonetti, M, Butti, P, Di Lorenzo, R, Mapelli, V, Branduardi, P, Simonetti M., Butti P., Di Lorenzo R. D., Mapelli V., and Branduardi P.

Abstract

Background The textile industry has several negative impacts, mainly because it is based on a linear business model that depletes natural resources and produces excessive amounts of waste. Globally, about 75% of textile waste is disposed of in landfills and only 25% is reused or recycled, while less than 1% is recycled back into new garments. In this study, we explored the valorisation of cotton fabric waste from an apparel textile manufacturing company as valuable biomass to produce lactic acid, a versatile chemical building block.Results Post-industrial cotton patches were pre-treated with the aim of developing a methodology applicable to the industrial site involved. First, a mechanical shredding machine reduced the fabric into individual fibres of maximum 35 mm in length. Afterwards, an alkaline treatment was performed, using NaOH at different concentrations, including a 16% (w/v) NaOH enriched waste stream from the mercerisation of cotton fabrics. The combination of chemo-mechanical pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis led to the maximum recovery yield of 90.46 +/- 3.46%, corresponding to 74.96 +/- 2.76 g/L of glucose released, which represents a novel valorisation of two different side products (NaOH enriched wastewater and cotton textile waste) of the textile industry. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK m850, engineered for redirecting the natural alcoholic fermentation towards a homolactic fermentation, was then used to valorise the glucose-enriched hydrolysate into lactic acid. Overall, the process produced 53.04 g/L +/- 0.34 of l-lactic acid, with a yield of 82.7%, being the first example of second-generation biomass valorised with this yeast strain, to the best of our knowledge. Remarkably, the fermentation performances were comparable with the ones obtained in the control medium.Conclusion This study validates the exploitation of cotton post-industrial waste as a possible feedstock for the production of commodity chemicals in microbial cell-bas

Published
2024

5. Pain Management in a Prehospital Emergency Setting: A Retrospective Observational Study

Author

Ferri P, Gambaretto C, Alberti S, Parogni P, Rovesti S, Di Lorenzo R, Sollami A, and Bargellini A

Subjects
pain assessment, pain management, prehospital emergency care, emergency medical services, undertreatment of pain, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Paola Ferri,1 Carlo Gambaretto,2 Sara Alberti,3 Pierpaolo Parogni,2 Sergio Rovesti,1 Rosaria Di Lorenzo,4 Alfonso Sollami,5 Annalisa Bargellini1 1Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 2Emergency Department, ASST of Mantova, Mantova, Italy; 3Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 4Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, AUSL of Modena, Modena, Italy; 5Health Professions Service, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, ItalyCorrespondence: Sara Alberti, Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy, Tel +390592055599, Email sara.alberti@unimore.itPurpose: Acute pain is a prevalent symptomatology in prehospital emergency care. Although inadequate assessment and treatment of acute pain are associated with various complications, about 43% of adults suffering from pain are undertreated. This phenomenon is poorly studied, and limited data are available in the literature. The objective was to investigate the pain management in a prehospital emergency health-care setting, verifying pain assessment, pharmacological treatment adherence and the effectiveness of pain relief therapy.Patients and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a sample including all adults treated by the professionals of nurse-staffed ambulances and medical cars in an Italian Emergency Medical Services (EMS) from 1 January 2019 to 31 May 2019. We collected both demographic information and Numeric Rating Scale scores, which evaluated presence and intensity of pain, from the EMS paper forms. All analyses were performed using SPSS, version 27.Results: The study sample was composed of 629 people: 310 males (49%) and 319 females (51%), with an average age of 64.2± 22 years (range 18– 108). Pain information was collected in 75.5% (n = 475) of our sample; among them 222 patients (46.7%) suffered from pain. We recorded that 79.7% (n = 177) of the subjects with pain received no pharmacological treatment, and in almost all of the treated cases they did not adhere to the analgesia algorithm in use. Among those who were pharmacologically treated, pain statistically significantly decreased in intensity, from before to after, in both emergency vehicles (nurse-staffed ambulances pre m = 8.36± 0.9 vs post m = 4.18± 2.2, p< 0.001; medical cars pre m = 7.25± 1.7 vs post m = 3.50± 2.6, p< 0.001). Subsequently, pain was only re-ascertained in 24.3% of subjects.Conclusion: Our findings confirm that pain is a prevalent symptom in prehospital patients, especially in the younger age range, but that it remains an underrecognized, underestimated, and undertreated symptom with the risk of causing worse health outcomes.Keywords: pain assessment, pain management, prehospital emergency care, emergency medical services, undertreatment of pain

Published
2022

6. Effectiveness and Quality of Life with Paliperidone Palmitate 3-Monthly in Comparison with Other Long-Acting Drugs

Author

Di Lorenzo R, Iorio A, Pinelli M, Magarini F, Marchi M, Sacchetti A, Calogero C, Galeazzi GM, Ferri P, Rovesti S, and Minarini A

Subjects
antipsychotic long-acting injections, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, relapses, quality of life, health satisfaction, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Anita Iorio,2 Margherita Pinelli,3 Federica Magarini,3 Mattia Marchi,3 Andrea Sacchetti,3 Chiara Calogero,4 Gian Maria Galeazzi,5 Paola Ferri,5 Sergio Rovesti,5 Alessandro Minarini6 1Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Care, Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, AUSL-Modena, Modena, Italy; 2Psychiatric Rehabilitation Technique Programme, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; 3School of Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 4Community Mental Health Center, Vignola (MO), Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, AUSL-Modena, Modena, Italy; 5Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 6Community Mental Health Center, Vignola (MO), Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, AUSL-Modena, Modena, MO, ItalyCorrespondence: Rosaria Di Lorenzo, Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, AUSL-Modena, Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Care, via P. Giardini n. 1355, Baggiovara (MO), 41126, Italy, Email r.dilorenzo@ausl.mo.itPurpose: Antipsychotic long-acting injections (AP-LAIs) are indicated for patients affected by schizophrenia especially those with poor treatment adherence.Patients and Methods: To compare paliperidone palmitate 3-monthly (PP3M), paliperidone palmitate one-monthly (PP1M) and haloperidol decanoate (HAL-D) treatment, we enrolled 90 patients with schizophrenia treated in Mental Health Center with one of the three AP-LAIs for at least six months and followed them for another 6 months. At 6 and 12 months of treatment we administered Clinical Global Impression-Severity, Global Assessment of Functioning and World Health Organization Quality of Life-26 items (WHOQOL-BREF). At 1-year treatment, we evaluated relapses (psychiatric hospitalizations and urgent consultations), side effects and drop-outs.Results: We did not highlight any statistically significant difference among the three treatments in relapses and scale scores. Weight increase was significantly higher in PP1M and PP3M groups. Twelve patients (13.3%) discontinued AP-LAI. At 1-year AP-LAI treatment, 69% of patients rated quality of life as “good” or “very good” and 71% declared themselves to be “satisfied” or “very satisfied”.Conclusion: HAL-D, PP1M and PP3M 1-year treatments were similarly effective in preventing relapses and improving quality of life and health satisfaction. All discontinuations in the new 3-monthly antipsychotic treatment were caused by patient refusal to continue it.Keywords: antipsychotic long-acting injections, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, relapses, quality of life, health satisfaction

Published
2022

7. Psychiatric Emergencies During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A 6-Month Observational Study

Author

Di Lorenzo R, Frattini N, Dragone D, Farina R, Luisi F, Ferrari S, Bandiera G, Rovesti S, and Ferri P

Subjects
psychiatric emergencies, urgent psychiatric consultations, covid-19 pandemic, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Nicoletta Frattini,2 Diego Dragone,3 Riccardo Farina,3 Filippa Luisi,3 Silvia Ferrari,3 Geminiano Bandiera,4 Sergio Rovesti,5 Paola Ferri5 1Psychiatric Intensive Treatment Facility, Mental Health and Drug Abuse Department of AUSL-Modena, Modena, Italy; 2Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 3Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, School of Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 4Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Unit, General Hospital of Baggiovara, AOU of Modena, Modena, Italy; 5Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyCorrespondence: Rosaria Di LorenzoPsychiatrist, Psychiatric Intensive Treatment Facility, Mental Health and Drug Abuse Department of AUSL-Modena, Via Paul Harris, 175, Modena, 41122, ItalyEmail r.dilorenzo@ausl.mo.itBackground: The new SARS-CoV-2 has caused an ongoing pandemic. Health prevention measures to contain the outbreak are profoundly affecting the physical and mental health as well as personal freedom of the population.Aim: To evaluate psychiatric emergencies in a 6-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 compared to those of the corresponding period of the previous year.Methods: This monocentric observational study preliminarily collected variables of the urgent psychiatric consultations (UPCs) carried out in emergency room (ER) from 1-3-2020 to 31-8-2020 and the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who required UPCs in the 6-month period, comparing these data with those collected from 1-3-2019 to 31-8-2019. The data, collected in alpha-numeric code, were statistically analyzed through STATA 12-2011.Results: This research reported a reduction of both UPCs and hospital psychiatric admissions. Concomitantly, we observed an increase of UPCs required by people already being treated by psychiatric and other health services, residents in psychiatric facilities and non-Italians. In 2020, differently from 2019, the most frequent reasons for urgent psychiatric consultations were aggressive behavior and adjustment disorders with anxiety and depressive mood.Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests that, during the COVID-19 epidemic, urgent psychiatric consultations in ER were reduced, except for the most vulnerable people due to their clinical and/or social conditions.Keywords: psychiatric emergencies, urgent psychiatric consultations, COVID-19 pandemic

Published
2021

8. Electrical Energy Harvesting from Pot Plants

Author

Di Lorenzo, R., Grassi, Marco, Assini, S., Granata, M., Barcella, M., Malcovati, Piero, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Ruediger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Andò, Bruno, editor, Baldini, Francesco, editor, Di Natale, Corrado, editor, Ferrari, Vittorio, editor, Marletta, Vincenzo, editor, Marrazza, Giovanna, editor, Militello, Valeria, editor, Miolo, Giorgia, editor, Rossi, Marco, editor, Scalise, Lorenzo, editor, and Siciliano, Pietro, editor

Published
2019
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9. Perceptions of Caring Behavior Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Three-Cohort Observational Study

Author

Ferri P, Stifani S, Morotti E, Nuvoletta M, Bonetti L, Rovesti S, Cutino A, and Di Lorenzo R

Subjects
caring behaviors inventory, caring, expressive caring, instrumental caring, nursing education, nursing students, Psychology, BF1-990, Industrial psychology, HF5548.7-5548.85
Abstract

Paola Ferri,1 Serena Stifani,2 Elena Morotti,2 Maria Nuvoletta,3 Loris Bonetti,4 Sergio Rovesti,1 Anna Cutino,5 Rosaria Di Lorenzo6 1Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy; 2School of Nursing, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy; 3Occupational Medicine, Maserati SPA, Modena 41121, Italy; 4Nursing Research and Development Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; 5Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy; 6Psychiatric Intensive Treatment Facility, Mental Health and Drug Abuse Department of AUSL-Modena, Modena 41122, ItalyCorrespondence: Paola FerriDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi, 287, Modena 41125, ItalyEmail paola.ferri@unimore.itIntroduction: Increase in the knowledge of “caring science” among nurses plays a key role in ensuring a correct caring behavior towards patients. Caring training for students is a priority in nursing education, but unfortunately there are limited and conflicting studies which explore this outcome. The purpose of this observational study was to explore the perceptions of caring behaviors by nursing students during their clinical practice training in order to highlight if the level of caring behaviors changes as the nursing course progresses.Materials and Methods: The Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24) was administered to 331 students, enrolled in the three years of an Italian Nursing Course, who accepted to participate in the study (89.2% response rate). The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).Results: The total mean score of CBI-24 was 4.82 in the first, 5.12 in the second and 5.26 in the third-year students. The CBI-24 dimensions “Responding to individual needs” and “Being with” obtained the highest scores among the students of the first year. At the end of the first year, our students were already able to perform expressive caring, whereas instrumental caring developed at a high level in the second and third years. We did not highlight any statistically significant difference between the two gender CBI-24 item scores.Conclusion: In light of our results, we put in evidence that Nursing Degree Programme favours the development in students of both relational and technical components of caring behaviors. We hope that in future students’ self-assessment of caring behaviors could be considered an educational outcome for Nursing Programme.Keywords: Caring Behaviors Inventory, caring, expressive caring, instrumental caring, nursing education, nursing students

Published
2020

10. Attitude Towards Drug Therapy in a Community Mental Health Center Evaluated by the Drug Attitude Inventory

Author

Di Lorenzo R, Perrone D, Montorsi A, Balducci J, Rovesti S, and Ferri P

Subjects
attitude towards drugs, psychiatric disorders, community mental health center, therapy adherence, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Daniela Perrone,2 Anushree Montorsi,3 Jessica Balducci,4 Sergio Rovesti,5 Paola Ferri6 1Mental Health and Drug Abuse Department of AUSL-Modena, Psychiatric Intensive Treatment Facility, Modena 41122, Italy; 2Mental Health Department, UOC Psychiatry, Fermo 63900, Italy; 3School of Nursing, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy; 4School of Specialization in Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy; 5General and Applied Hygiene, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Public Health Section, Modena, 41125, Italy; 6Nursing, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Public Health Section, Modena, 41125, ItalyCorrespondence: Rosaria Di Lorenzo Email saradilorenzo1@alice.itIntroduction: Negative attitude towards drug therapy can foster limited adherence to treatment, which remains one of the biggest obstacles for implementing effective treatments, especially long term.Purposes: The purposes of the study were 1) to evaluate the attitude towards drug therapy among a representative sample of patients treated in a community psychiatric service using 30-item Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-30); 2) to evaluate the DAI-30 dimensions, applying factorial analysis; and 3) to highlight the socio-demographic and clinical variables correlated to DAI-30 score and factors.Methods: The DAI was administered, over a 7-month period, to all patients treated in our psychiatric outpatient services who agreed to participate in this study and provided their informed consent. Data were statistically analyzed.Results: With a response rate of 63.3%, 164 females and 136 males completed the DAI-30 with an average score of 14.24 (± 10.46 SD), indicating moderately positive attitude towards drug therapy. The analysis of DAI-30 internal consistency confirmed its reliability (Cronbach’s alpha=0.84). Our factorial analysis highlighted three factors: Factor 1 (Cronbach’s alpha=0.81), composed of 7 items which indicate positive, trustful attitude; Factor 2 (Cronbach’s alpha=0.78), composed of 5 items indicating negative attitude of suspiciousness; and Factor 3 (Cronbach’s alpha=0.66), composed of 4 items suggesting defensive and control attitude towards drug therapy.Discussion: Among the selected variables, “monotherapy” and “total number of hospitalizations” were negatively correlated to the final score of DAI-30, whereas being “married” was positively correlated to it, in a statistically significant way, using the multiple linear regression model. These correlations suggest that positive attitude towards drug therapy could be reinforced by the condition of being married and reduced by relapses with hospitalization, as literature highlighted, and, paradoxically, by a monotherapy, which could suggest a sort of psychological dependence on therapy and, indirectly, on psychiatric service, potentially correlated to the long-term treatments of our patients.Keywords: attitude towards drugs, psychiatric disorders, community mental health center, therapy adherence

Published
2020

11. Retrospective Analysis of Factors Associated with Long-Stay Hospitalizations in an Acute Psychiatric Ward

Author

Di Lorenzo R, Montardi G, Panza L, Del Giovane C, Saraceni S, Rovesti S, and Ferri P

Subjects
psychiatric long-stay, acute psychiatric ward, predictors of long-stay, illness severity, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Giulia Montardi,2 Leda Panza,3 Cinzia Del Giovane,4 Serena Saraceni,2 Sergio Rovesti,5 Paola Ferri6 1Psychiatric Intensive Treatment Facility, Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, Az-USL Modena, Modena 41122, Italy; 2School of Specialization in Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy; 3School of Nursing, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy; 4Head of Statistics and Methodology, Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), Bern, Switzerland; 5General and Applied Hygiene, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Modena 41125, Italy; 6Nursing, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Modena 41125, ItalyCorrespondence: Rosaria Di LorenzoPsychiatrist, Psychiatric Intensive Treatment Facility, Az-USL Modena, Modena 41122, ItalyEmail r.dilorenzo@ausl.mo.itPurpose: To evaluate the longest hospitalizations in an acute psychiatric ward [Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment (SPDT)] and the related demographic, clinical and organizational variables to understand the factors that contribute to long-stay (LOS) phenomenon. The term “long stay” indicates clinical, social and organizational problems responsible for delayed discharges. In psychiatry, clinical severity, social dysfunction and/or health-care system organization appear relevant factors in prolonging stays.Patients and Methods: We divided all the SPDT hospitalizations from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015 into two groups based on the 97.5th percentile of duration: ≤ 36 day (n=3254) and > 36 day (n=81) stays, in order to compare the two groups for the selected variables. Comparisons were made using Pearson’s chi-square for categorical data and t-test for continuous variables, the correlation between the LOS, as a dependent variable, and the selected variables was analyzed in stepwise multiple linear regression and in multiple logistic regression models.Results: The longest hospitalizations were significantly related to the diagnosis of “schizophrenia and other psychosis” (Pearson Chi2=17.24; p=0.045), the presence of moderate and severe aggressiveness (Pearson chi2=29; p=0.000), compulsory treatment (Pearson Chi2=8.05; p=0.005), parenteral or other route administration of psycho-pharmacotherapy (Pearson Chi2=12.91; p=0.007), poli-therapy (Pearson Chi2=6.40; p=0.041), complex psychiatric activities (Pearson Chi2=12.26; p=0.002) and rehabilitative programs (Pearson Chi2=37.05; p=0.000) during the hospitalization and at discharge (Pearson Chi2=29.89; p=0.000). Many demographic and clinical variables were statistically significantly correlated to the LOS at our multiple linear and logistic regression model.Conclusion: In our sample, clinical illness severity and need for complex therapeutic and rehabilitative treatments were associated with prolonged psychiatric hospitalizations. Understanding this phenomenon can have not only economic but also clinical, ethical and social relevance.Keywords: psychiatric long-stay, acute psychiatric ward, predictors of long-stay, illness severity

Published
2020

12. Effect of expert-patient teaching on empathy in nursing students: a randomized controlled trial

Author

Ferri P, Rovesti S, Padula MS, D’Amico R, and Di Lorenzo R

Subjects
Empathy, Nursing education, Students, Expert patient, Psychology, BF1-990, Industrial psychology, HF5548.7-5548.85
Abstract

Paola Ferri,1 Sergio Rovesti,1 Maria Stella Padula,1 Roberto D’Amico,2 Rosaria Di Lorenzo31Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy; 2Research and Innovation Area, Department of Maternal-Infant and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy; 3Psychiatric Intensive Treatment Facility, Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, AUSL Modena, Modena 41122, ItalyBackground: Empathy is a relevant clinical competence for nursing students. Involvement of expert patients in nursing education could help students develop their innate capacity to empathize.Objective: To evaluate the effect of expert-patient teaching on empathy development in nursing students.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 144 first-year undergraduate nursing students divided into two equal groups. In the experimental group, the educational intervention consisted of a seminar focused on empathy, followed by a presentation on expert-patient function. Subsequently, each student participated in two interactive meetings with nursing teacher and expert patient. At the end, the nursing teacher encouraged students to reflect on this experience. In the control group, students only attended a similar seminar focused on empathy and afterward participated in two interactive meetings with a nursing teacher to reflect on this topic without expert-patient involvement. Before (T0) and after (T1) the training intervention, the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale, Jefferson Scale of Empathy — Health Professions Student (JSE-HPS), and a short demographic questionnaire were administered to the two student groups to measure their empathy levels. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Area Vasta Emilia Nord (protocol 1763, May 11, 2017). Data were statistically analyzed.Results: We found a statistically significant difference between mean scores at T0 and T1 in both scales in the experimental group. Male students, who presented significantly lower levels of empathy at baseline in comparison with females, showed increased in empathy after training on the the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale in both the experimental and control groups.Conclusion: The present study highlights that involvement of expert patients in teaching is effective in improving empathy levels in both male and female nursing students. Expert-patient teaching can be a promising nursing-education modality for developing empathy.Keywords: empathy, nursing education, students, expert patient

Published
2019

13. Effectiveness of 1-year treatment with long-acting formulation of aripiprazole, haloperidol, or paliperidone in patients with schizophrenia: retrospective study in a real-world clinical setting

Author

Di Lorenzo R, Ferri P, Cameli M, Rovesti S, and Piemonte C

Subjects
Paliperidone Palmitate once-monthly Haloperidol decanoate Aripiprazole prolonged release once-monthly Schizophrenia relapses and clinical course Long-acting treatment effectiveness. First generation antipsychotics Second generation antipsychotics, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Paola Ferri,2 Michela Cameli,3 Sergio Rovesti,4 Chiara Piemonte5 1Psychiatric Intensive Treatment Facility, Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, AUSL Modena, Modena, Italy; 2Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 3Private Accredited Psychiatric Hospital, Villa degli Ulivi, Caserta, Italy; 4Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 5Private Accredited Psychiatric Hospital, Villa Igea, Modena, Italy Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that requires lifelong antipsychotic treatment. Therapy discontinuation, often due to poor adherence, increases the risk of relapses after both first and subsequent psychotic episodes. Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have been introduced to increase therapeutic adherence, reducing blood-level variability compared to corresponding oral preparations. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of three LAI-APDs: aripiprazole (Apr) prolonged release once monthly (OM) haloperidol decanoate (Hal-D) and paliperidone palmitate (PP-OM). Methods: We retrospectively collected data for all patients with schizophrenia or other psychoses (n=217) treated with the three LAI-APDs for the first time from January 1, 2012 to October 31, 2016: n=48 with Apr-OM, n=55 with Hal-D, and n=114 with PP-OM. After 6 and 12 months of LAI treatments, we assessed clinical and functioning improvement, urgent consultations, psychiatric hospitalizations, adverse effects, and dropout. We compared urgent consultations and psychiatric hospitalizations required by the same patient 6 and 12 months before and after LAI implementation. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: The three LAI groups differed significantly only for “need for economic support from social service” (more frequent in the Hal-D group) and “schizoaffective disorder” (prevalent in the Apr-OM group). Apr-OM was prescribed at the maximum dose required by the official guidelines, whereas the other two LAIs were prescribed at lower doses. After 6 and 12 months’ treatment with the three LAI-APDs, we registered similar and significant reductions in both urgent consultations and psychiatric hospitalizations (P

Published
2019

14. Psychometric properties of the Patient Dignity Inventory in an acute psychiatric ward: an extension study of the preliminary validation

Author

Di Lorenzo R, Ferri P, Biffarella C, Cabri G, Carretti E, Pollutri G, Spattini L, Del Giovane C, and Chochinov HM

Subjects
Dignity perception in psychiatry. Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI), Patients hospitalized in an acute psychiatric ward, Severe psychiatric diseases, Validation study, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Paola Ferri,2 Carlotta Biffarella,2 Giulio Cabri,3 Eleonora Carretti,4 Gabriella Pollutri,5 Ludovica Spattini,5 Cinzia Del Giovane,6 Harvey Max Chochinov7 1Psychiatric Intensive Treatment Facility, Mental Health Department, Azienda USL, Modena, Italy; 2Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 3Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment, Mental Health Department, Azienda USL, Modena, Italy; 4School of Nursing, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; 5School of Specialization in Pscyhiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; 6Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Primary Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 7Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Background: During the last decades, dignity has been an emerging issue in mental health since its ethical and therapeutic implications became known. This study is an extension of the preliminary validation of the Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) in a psychiatric setting, originally designed for assessing perceived dignity in terminal cancer patients. Methods: From October 21, 2015 to December 31, 2016, we administered the Italian PDI to all patients hospitalized in an acute psychiatric ward, who provided their consent and completed it at discharge (n=165). We performed Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and principal factor analysis. We administered other scales concomitantly to analyze the concurrent validity of PDI. We applied stepwise multiple linear regression to identify the patients’ demographic and clinical variables related to the PDI score. Results: Our response rate was 93%, with excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient=0.94). The factorial analysis showed three factors with eigenvalue >1, which explained >80% of total variance: 1) “loss of self-identity and anxiety for the future”, 2) “concerns for social dignity and spiritual life”, and 3) “loss of personal autonomy”. The PDI and the three factor scores were positively and significantly correlated with the Hamilton Scales for Depression and Anxiety but not with other scale scores. Among patients’ variables, “suicide risk” and “insufficient social and economic condition” were positively and significantly correlated with the PDI total score. Conclusion: The PDI can be a reliable tool to assess patients’ dignity perception in a psychiatric setting, which suggests that both social and clinical severe conditions are closely related to dignity loss. Keywords: dignity perception in psychiatry, patient dignity inventory, patients hospitalized in an acute psychiatric ward, severe psychiatric diseases, suicide risk, insufficient social and economic condition

Published
2018

15. Influence of distinct tool pin geometries on aluminum 8090 FSW joint properties

Author

Rana H., Patel V., Buffa G., Fratini L., Di Lorenzo R., Rana H., Patel V., Buffa G., Fratini L., and Di Lorenzo R.

Subjects
Pin Profile, Friction Stir Welding, Settore ING-IND/16 - Tecnologie E Sistemi Di Lavorazione, Aluminum
Abstract

Aluminum Lithium alloys are recuperating substantial interest from automotive and aerospace industries owing to their extraordinary specific strength as compared to conventional aluminum (2xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx) alloys. The goal of the present investigation is to study AA 8090 joints produced with the unique solid-state welding technique friction stir welding (FSW). Tool pin profile induces remarkable influence on friction and further plastic deformation during FSW. Therefrom, the influences of three distinct but constant dynamic area conditioned tool pin geometries namely, square trapezoidal, hexagonal trapezoidal, and threaded taper on the resulting material flow patterns, mechanical properties, and the microstructure have been studied and discussed in detail. The FSW joint produced with hexagonal trapezoidal pin geometry delivered the highest joint resistance owing to grain refinement and almost flawless microstructure.

Published
2023

16. State of the Art on the Microbial Production of Industrially Relevant Organic Acids

Author

Di Lorenzo, R, Serra, I, Porro, D, Branduardi, P, Di Lorenzo R. D., Serra I., Porro D., Branduardi P., Di Lorenzo, R, Serra, I, Porro, D, Branduardi, P, Di Lorenzo R. D., Serra I., Porro D., and Branduardi P.

Abstract

The industrial relevance of organic acids is high; because of their chemical properties, they can be used as building blocks as well as single-molecule agents with a huge annual market. Organic acid chemical platforms can derive from fossil sources by petrochemical refining processes, but most of them also represent natural metabolites produced by many cells. They are the products, by-products or co-products of many primary metabolic processes of microbial cells. Thanks to the potential of microbial cell factories and to the development of industrial biotechnology, from the last decades of the previous century, the microbial-based production of these molecules has started to approach the market. This was possible because of a joint effort of microbial biotechnologists and biochemical and process engineers that boosted natural production up to the titer, yield and productivity needed to be industrially competitive. More recently, the possibility to utilize renewable residual biomasses as feedstock not only for biofuels, but also for organic acids production is further augmenting the sustainability of their production, in a logic of circular bioeconomy. In this review, we briefly present the latest updates regarding the production of some industrially relevant organic acids (citric, fumaric, itaconic, lactic and succinic acid), discussing the challenges and possible future developments of successful production.

Published
2022

17. A preliminary study of Patient Dignity Inventory validation among patients hospitalized in an acute psychiatric ward

Author

Di Lorenzo R, Cabri G, Carretti E, Galli G, Giambalvo N, Rioli G, Saraceni S, Spiga G, Del Giovane C, and Ferri P

Subjects
Dignity experience. Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI), patients hospitalized in a psychiatric ward, factor analysis, validation study, dignity distress measurement, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Giulio Cabri,2 Eleonora Carretti,3 Giacomo Galli,4 Nina Giambalvo,4 Giulia Rioli,4 Serena Saraceni,4 Giulia Spiga,4 Cinzia Del Giovane,5 Paola Ferri6 1Mental Health Department, Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment in NOCSAE General Hospital, 2Private Accredited Psychiatric Hospital villa Igea, Modena, 3Nursing Home of Rubiera, Reggio Emilia, 4Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 5PhD Statistics Unit, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, 6Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Purpose: To investigate the perception of dignity among patients hospitalized in a psychiatric setting using the Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI), which had been first validated in oncologic field among terminally ill patients. Patients and methods: After having modified two items, we administered the Italian version of PDI to all patients hospitalized in a public psychiatric ward (Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment of a northern Italian town), who provided their consent and completed it at discharge, from October 21, 2015 to May 31, 2016. We excluded minors and patients with moderate/severe dementia, with poor knowledge of Italian language, who completed PDI in previous hospitalizations and/or were hospitalized for 1 (Kaiser’s criterion), which explained >80% of total variance with good internal consistency: 1) “Loss of self-identity and social role”, 2) “Anxiety and uncertainty for future” and 3) “Loss of personal autonomy”. The PDI and the three-factor scores were statistically significantly positively correlated with the Hamilton Scales for Depression and Anxiety but not with other scale scores. Conclusion: Our preliminary research suggests that PDI can be a reliable tool to assess patients’ dignity perception in a psychiatric setting, until now little investigated, helping professionals to improve quality of care and patients to accept treatments. Keywords: dignity experience, Patient Dignity Inventory, patients hospitalized in a psychiatric ward, factor analysis, validation study, dignity distress measurement

Published
2017

18. The impact of shift work on the psychological and physical health of nurses in a general hospital: a comparison between rotating night shifts and day shifts

Author

Ferri P, Guadi M, Marcheselli L, Balduzzi S, Magnani D, and Di Lorenzo R

Subjects
Shiftwork, Night work, Health, Sleep disorders, Job satisfaction, Nurses, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Paola Ferri,1 Matteo Guadi,1 Luigi Marcheselli,1 Sara Balduzzi,1 Daniela Magnani,1 Rosaria Di Lorenzo2 1Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 2Department of Mental Health, AUSL di Modena, Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment, Modena, Italy Background: Shift work is considered necessary to ensure continuity of care in hospitals and residential facilities. In particular, the night shift is one of the most frequent reasons for the disruption of circadian rhythms, causing significant alterations of sleep and biological functions that can affect physical and psychological well-being and negatively impact work performance.Objectives: The aim of this study was to highlight if shift work with nights, as compared with day work only, is associated with risk factors predisposing nurses to poorer health conditions and lower job satisfaction.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1, 2015 to July 31, 2015 in 17 wards of a general hospital and a residential facility of a northern Italian city. This study involved 213 nurses working in rotating night shifts and 65 in day shifts. The instrument used for data collection was the “Standard Shift Work Index,” validated in Italian. Data were statistically analyzed.Results: The response rate was 86%. The nurses engaged in rotating night shifts were statistically significantly younger, more frequently single, and had Bachelors and Masters degrees in nursing. They reported the lowest mean score in the items of job satisfaction, quality and quantity of sleep, with more frequent chronic fatigue, psychological, and cardiovascular symptoms in comparison with the day shift workers, in a statistically significant way.Conclusion: Our results suggest that nurses with rotating night schedule need special attention due to the higher risk for both job dissatisfaction and undesirable health effects. Keywords: shift work, night work, health, sleep disorders, job satisfaction, nurses

Published
2016

19. Workplace violence in different settings and among various health professionals in an Italian general hospital: a cross-sectional study

Author

Ferri P, Silvestri M, Artoni C, and Di Lorenzo R

Subjects
Workplace violence, health professionals, nurses, physicians, patient, general hospital, aggression, Psychology, BF1-990, Industrial psychology, HF5548.7-5548.85
Abstract

Paola Ferri,1 Monica Silvestri,1 Cecilia Artoni,2 Rosaria Di Lorenzo3 1Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing, 2School of Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio, 3Department of Mental Health, Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment, Modena, Italy Background: Workplace violence (WPV) against health professionals is a global problem with an increasing incidence. The aims of this study were as follows: 1) to examine the frequency and characteristics of WPV in different settings and professionals of a general hospital and 2) to identify the clinical and organizational factors related to this phenomenon. Methods: The study was cross-sectional. In a 1-month period, we administered the “Violent Incident Form” to 745 professionals (physicians, head nurses, nurses, nursing assistants), who worked in 15 wards of a general hospital in northern Italy. Results: With a response rate of 56%, 45% of professionals reported WPV. The most frequently assaulted were nurses (67%), followed by nursing assistants (18%) and physicians (12%). The first two categories were correlated, in a statistically significant way, with the risk of WPV (P=0.005, P=0.004, multiple logistic regression). The violent incidents more frequently occurred in psychiatry department (86%), emergency department (71%), and in geriatric wards (57%). The assailants more frequently were males whereas assaulted professionals more often were females. Men committed physical violence more frequently than women, in a statistically significant way (P=0.034, chi-squared test). Verbal violence (51%) was often committed by people in a lucid and normal state of consciousness; physical violence (49%) was most often perpetrated by assailants affected by dementia, mental retardation, drug and substance abuse, or other psychiatric disorders. The variables positively related to WPV were “calling for help during the attack” and “physical injuries suffered in violent attack” (P=0.02, P=0.03, multiple logistic regression).Conclusion: This study suggests that violence is a significant phenomenon and that all health workers, especially nurses, are at risk of suffering aggressive assaults. WPV presented specific characteristics related to the health care settings, where the aggression occurred. Prevention programs tailored to the different care needs are necessary to promote professional awareness for violence risk. Keywords: workplace violence, health professionals, nurses, physicians, patient, general hospital, aggression

Published
2016

20. A 5-year retrospective study of demographic, anamnestic, and clinical factors related to psychiatric hospitalizations of adolescent patients

Author

Di Lorenzo R, Cimino N, Di Pietro E, Pollutri G, Neviani V, and Ferri P

Subjects
Psychiatric emergencies of children and adolescents Risk factors for adolescent psychiatric hospitalizations Stressful events during childhood Psychiatric parent illness and onset age of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents Gender difference diagnosis, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Nina Cimino,2 Elena Di Pietro,3 Gabriella Pollutri,4 Vittoria Neviani,5 Paola Ferri2 1Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Mental Health, AUSL Modena, Modena, 2School of Nursing, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 3School of Neuro-Psychiatry, 4School of Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 5 “The Medlar”, Villa Igea Hospital, Modena, Italy Background: Psychiatric emergencies of children and adolescents have greatly increased during the last years, but this phenomenon has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between acute psychiatric hospitalizations of adolescents and selected variables to highlight risk factors for psychiatric emergencies. Methods: This retrospective research was conducted in the acute psychiatric public ward, Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment (SPDT), and in the residential facility for adolescents, “The Medlar”, located in Modena. The sample was constituted by all adolescent patients (n=101, age range 14–18) who had acute hospitalizations (n=140) in SPDT and had been successively transferred to “The Medlar” (n=83), from February 2, 2010 to January 31, 2015. From clinical charts, we extracted demographic and anamnestic characteristics of patients and clinical variables related to hospitalizations. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: Sixty-one percent of our patients lived with one divorced parent, with adoptive or immigrant family, or in institutions; 51% had experienced stressful events during childhood; 81% had a normal intellective level, but only 6% presented regular school performance. Parental psychiatric illness was negatively related, in a statistically significantly way, with onset age of adolescent mental disorders (coefficient -2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.53 to 1.01, P

Published
2016

21. Differences among young adults, adults and elderly chronic myeloid leukemia patients

Author

Salvi, F., Pini, M., Leoni, P., Rupoli, S., Galieni, P., Bigazzi, C., Cantore, N., Palmieri, F., Albano, F., Russo Rossi, A., Rambaldi, A., Intermesoli, T., Palandri, F., Testoni, N., Luatti, S., Soverini, S., Iacobucci, I., Bochicchio, M.T., Apolinari, M., Fogli, M., Cervello, I., Capucci, A., Malagola, M., Malpignano, A., Girasoli, M., Angelucci, E., Usala, E., Storti, S., De Biasi, E., Tagariello, G., Sartori, R., Di Raimondo, F., Vigneri, P., Impera, S., Molica, S., Lanza, F., Viganò, C., Grasso, M., Rapezzi, D., Cavazzini, F., Bosi, A., Santini, V., Capalbo, S.F., Spinosa, G., Pierri, I., Bergamaschi, M., Carella, A.M., Bacigalupo, A., De Blasio, A., Ciccone, F., Di Renzo, N., Musolino, C., Russo, S., Cortelezzi, A., Morra, E., Pungolino, E.M., Luppi, M., Marasca, R., Pogliani, E.M., Gambacorti-Passerini, C., Luciano, L., Ferrara, F., Annunziata, M., Latte, G., Noli, D., Rege-Cambrin, G., Fava, C., Semenzato, G., Binotto, G., Fabbiano, F., Turri, D., Siragusa, S., Caracciolo, C., Musso, M., Porretto, F., Aversa, F., Crugnola, M., Cazzola, M., Orlandi, E., Falini, B., Falzetti, F., Visani, G., Isidori, A., Fioritoni, G., Di Lorenzo, R., Vallisa, D., Trabacchi, E., Petrini, M., Galimberti, S., Pizzuti, M., Zaccaria, A., Salvucci, M., Ronco, F., Ielo, D., Merli, F., Avanzini, P., Tosi, P., Merli, A., Musto, P., De Stefano, V., Sica, S., Latagliata, R., De Fabritiis, P., Trawiska, M., Majolino, I., Pacilli, L., Ronci, B., Cedrone, M., Petti, M.C., Pisani, F., Tafuri, A., Montefusco, E., Iuliano, F., Dore, F., Pardini, S., Bocchia, M., Defina, M., Liberati, A.M., Luzzi, D., Boccadoro, M., Ferrero, D., Vitolo, U., Gherlinzoni, F., Calistri, E., Fanin, R., Pizzolo, G., Meneghini, V., Rodighiero, F., D'Emilio, A., Castagnetti, F., Gugliotta, G., Baccarani, M., Breccia, M., Specchia, G., Levato, L., Abruzzese, E., Rossi, G., Iurlo, A., Martino, B., Pregno, P., Stagno, F., Cuneo, A., Bonifacio, M., Gobbi, M., Russo, D., Gozzini, A., Tiribelli, M., de Vivo, A., Alimena, G., Cavo, M., Martinelli, G., Pane, F., Saglio, G., and Rosti, G.

Published
2015
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23. Fabrication of Billet from Aluminum Alloys AA 2011-T3/7075 Chips through Friction Stir Consolidation

Author

Latif A., Ingarao G., Di Lorenzo R., Fratini L., Latif A., Ingarao G., Di Lorenzo R., and Fratini L.

Subjects
Aluminum Alloys, Friction Stir Consolidation, Recycling, Solid state Technique, Settore ING-IND/16 - Tecnologie E Sistemi Di Lavorazione
Abstract

Recently evolving Solid-State Recycling (SSR) techniques have shown promising features to recycle metals scraps more efficiently compared to remelting-based approaches. Among these SSR methods, Friction Stir Consolidation (FSC) has been successfully tested to transform metals chips directly into semi or final solid products. Therefore, researchers explored FSC critical process parameters and their subsequent effects on quality in terms of the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the billet. All the previous studies of FSC were limited to developing billet of mono materials. Therefore, in this research, an attempt was made to go beyond the idea of recycling; in fact, a billet of two dissimilar aluminum alloys AA 7075 and AA 2011-T3 out of chips was obtained. The mechanical and metallurgical properties were assessed through the Vickers hardness measurements and microstructure analysis. The experimental results of this research illustrate that the FSC process is a feasible approach to develop a billet of dissimilar materials with achieving quality closer to the corresponding billet of mono-material.

Published
2022

25. A retrospective analysis focusing on a group of patients with dual diagnosis treated by both mental health and substance use services

Author

Di Lorenzo R, Galliani A, Guicciardi A, Landi G, and Ferri P

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Rosaria Di Lorenzo,1 Agnese Galliani,2 Alessia Guicciardi,3 Giulia Landi,3 Paola Ferri2 1Mental Health Department, Azienda USL di Modena, Modena, Italy; 2School of Nursing, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 3Department of Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Objective: To highlight which demographic, familial, premorbid, clinical, therapeutic, ­rehabilitative, and assistance factors were related to dual diagnosis, which, in psychiatry, means the co-occurrence of both mental disorder and substance use in the same patient.Methods: Our sample (N=145) was chosen from all outpatients with a dual diagnosis treated from January 1, 2012 to July 31, 2012 by both the Mental Health Service and the Substance Use Service of Modena and Castelfranco Emilia, Italy. Patients who dropped out during the study period were excluded. Demographic data and variables related to familial and premorbid history, clinical course, rehabilitative programs, social support and nursing care, and outcome complications were collected. The patients’ clinical and functioning conditions during the study period were evaluated.Results: Our patients were mostly men suffering from a cluster B personality disorder. Substance use was significantly more likely to precede psychiatric disease (P

Published
2014

26. Behavioral and psychological effects of coronavirus disease-19 quarantine in patients with dementia

Author

Cagnin, A, Di Lorenzo, R, Marra, C, Bonanni, L, Cupidi, C, Lagana, V, Rubino, E, Vacca, A, Provero, P, Isella, V, Vanacore, N, Agosta, F, Appollonio, I, Caffarra, P, Pettenuzzo, I, Sambati, R, Quaranta, D, Guglielmi, V, Logroscino, G, Filippi, M, Tedeschi, G, Ferrarese, C, Rainero, I, Bruni, A, Cagnin A., Di Lorenzo R., Marra C., Bonanni L., Cupidi C., Lagana V., Rubino E., Vacca A., Provero P., Isella V., Vanacore N., Agosta F., Appollonio I., Caffarra P., Pettenuzzo I., Sambati R., Quaranta D., Guglielmi V., Logroscino G., Filippi M., Tedeschi G., Ferrarese C., Rainero I., Bruni A. C., Cagnin, A, Di Lorenzo, R, Marra, C, Bonanni, L, Cupidi, C, Lagana, V, Rubino, E, Vacca, A, Provero, P, Isella, V, Vanacore, N, Agosta, F, Appollonio, I, Caffarra, P, Pettenuzzo, I, Sambati, R, Quaranta, D, Guglielmi, V, Logroscino, G, Filippi, M, Tedeschi, G, Ferrarese, C, Rainero, I, Bruni, A, Cagnin A., Di Lorenzo R., Marra C., Bonanni L., Cupidi C., Lagana V., Rubino E., Vacca A., Provero P., Isella V., Vanacore N., Agosta F., Appollonio I., Caffarra P., Pettenuzzo I., Sambati R., Quaranta D., Guglielmi V., Logroscino G., Filippi M., Tedeschi G., Ferrarese C., Rainero I., and Bruni A. C.

Abstract

Background: In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic due to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and several governments planned a national quarantine in order to control the virus spread. Acute psychological effects of quarantine in frail elderly subjects with special needs, such as patients with dementia, have been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess modifications of neuropsychiatric symptoms during quarantine in patients with dementia and their caregivers. Methods: This is a sub-study of a multicenter nation-wide survey. A structured telephone interview was delivered to family caregivers of patients with diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and vascular dementia (VD), followed regularly at 87 Italian memory clinics. Variations in behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) were collected after 1 month since quarantine declaration and associations with disease type, severity, gender, and caregiver’s stress burden were analyzed. Results: A total of 4,913 caregivers participated in the survey. Increased BPSD was reported in 59.6% of patients as worsening of preexisting symptoms (51.9%) or as new onset (26%), and requested drug modifications in 27.6% of these cases. Irritability, apathy, agitation, and anxiety were the most frequently reported worsening symptoms and sleep disorder and irritability the most frequent new symptoms. Profile of BPSD varied according to dementia type, disease severity, and patients’ gender. Anxiety and depression were associated with a diagnosis of AD (OR 1.35, CI: 1.12–1.62), mild to moderate disease severity and female gender. DLB was significantly associated with a higher risk of worsening hallucinations (OR 5.29, CI 3.66–7.64) and sleep disorder (OR 1.69, CI 1.25–2.29), FTD with wandering (OR 1.62, CI 1.12–2.35), and change of appetite (OR 1.52, CI 1.03–2.25). Stress-related symptoms were experienced by two-thirds of caregiv

Published
2020

27. DC-DC buck converter with constant off-time peak current mode control

Author

Gasparri, O, Di Lorenzo, R, Pidutti, A, Del Croce, P, Baschirotto, A, Gasparri O., Di Lorenzo R., Pidutti A., Del Croce P., Baschirotto A., Gasparri, O, Di Lorenzo, R, Pidutti, A, Del Croce, P, Baschirotto, A, Gasparri O., Di Lorenzo R., Pidutti A., Del Croce P., and Baschirotto A.

Abstract

The paper presents an upgrade of the Peak Current Mode Control (PCMC) for a Buck DC-DC Converter. Constant Off-Time algorithm has a fixed off-switch phase, and, conversely to the typical PCMC, the duration of the switching period is free to change depending on the load and the battery voltage. In this way the instability issues, typical of a PCMC, are solved. The circuit is able to robustly sink 3 ± 5%A average current from a car battery source, in a 3.5 V output voltage - 212kHz maximum frequency application. In addition, the circuit intrinsically provides protection against over-current and allows precise control over the current features (peak, average and ripple). The concept will result in a fully integrated system without external pad to sense the current, thanks to the proposed integrated sensing technique. The power consumption is also reduced since the current is read only during the on-switch phase.

Published
2020

32. Understanding formability and geometrical accuracy of SPIF process used as reshaping approach

Author

Zaheer O., Ingarao G., Di Lorenzo R., Fratini L., Zaheer O., Ingarao G., Di Lorenzo R., and Fratini L.

Subjects
Circular economy, Reshaping, SPIF, Formability
Abstract

Putting in place Circular Economy strategies is an urgent action to be undertaken. Manufacturing processes play a relevant role as efficient material reuse enabler. Scientists have to make an effort either to find new process or to rethink old process to reprocess End-of-life (EoL) components to recover both material and functions. In this paper, Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) process is used for reshaping sheet metal EoL components. Deep drawing process as well as uniaxial pre-straining (to imitate the End-of-Life component) followed by SPIF operations (to obtain the reshaped components) are set- up and implemented to form and reform aluminum sheet metal components. As the authors have already proved the technical feasibility of such an approach, the present paper aims at a better understanding of the formability and geometrical accuracy performance of SPIF process as used to reform components. Specifically, an experimental campaign varying kind and extent of restraining is developed and the formability and geometrical accuracy of the subsequent SIPF operations is analyzed. Results proves that SPIF process is a promising approach for reshaping purpose.

Published
2021

33. Prophylactic heparin and risk of orotracheal intubation or death in patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 pneumonia

Author

Vergori, A., Lorenzini, P., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Donno, D. R., Gualano, G., Nicastri, E., Iacomi, F., Marchioni, L., Campioni, P., Schinina, V., Cicalini, S., Agrati, C., Capobianchi, M. R., Girardi, E., Ippolito, G., Vaia, F., Petrosillo, N., Antinori, A., Taglietti, F., The ReCOVeRI Study Group: Abbonizio, M. A., Abdeddaim, A., Agostini, E., Albarello, F., Amadei, G., Amendola, A., Antonica, M. A., Antonini, M., Bartoli, T. A., Baldini, F., Barbaro, R., Bartolini, B., Bellagamba, R., Benigni, M., Bevilacqua, N., Biava, G., Bibas, M., Bordi, L., Bordoni, V., Boumis, E., Branca, M., Buonomo, R., Busso, D., Camici, M., Canichella, F., Capone, A., Caporale, C., Caraffa, E., Caravella, I., Carletti, F., Castilletti, C., Cataldo, A., Cerilli, S., Cerva, C., Chiappini, R., Chinello, P., Cianfarani, M. A., Ciaralli, C., Cimaglia, C., Cinicola, N., Ciotti, V., Colavita, F., Corpolongo, A., Cristofaro, M., Curiale, S., D'Abramo, A., Dantimi, C., De Angelis, A., De Angelis, G., De Palo, M. G., De Zottis, F., Di Bari, V., Di Lorenzo, R., Di Stefano, F., D'Offizi, G., Evangelista, F., Faraglia, F., Farina, A., Ferraro, F., Fiorentini, L., Frustaci, A., Fusetti, M., Fusto, M., Galati, V., Gagliardini, R., Galli, P., Garotto, G., Gaviano, I., Tekle, S. G., Giancola, M. L., Giansante, F., Giombini, E., Granata, G., Greci, M. C., Grilli, E., Grisetti, S., Iaconi, M., Iannicelli, G., Inversi, C., Lalle, E., Lamanna, M. E., Lanini, S., Lapa, D., Lepore, L., Libertone, R., Lionetti, R., Liuzzi, G., Loiacono, L., Lucia, A., Lufrani, F., Macchione, M., Maffongelli, G., Marani, A., Mariano, A., Marini, M. C., Maritti, M., Mastrobattista, A., Mastrorosa, I., Matusali, G., Mazzotta, V., Mencarini, P., Meschi, S., Messina, F., Micarelli, S., Mogavero, G., Mondi, A., Montalbano, M., Montaldo, C., Mosti, S., Murachelli, S., Musso, M., Nardi, M., Navarra, A., Nocioni, M., Noto, P., Noto, R., Oliva, A., Onnis, I., Ottou, S., Palazzolo, C., Pallini, E., Palmieri, F., Palombi, G., Pareo, C., Passeri, V., Pelliccioni, F., Penna, G., Petrecchia, A., Petrone, A., Pianura, E., Pinnetti, C., Pisciotta, M., Piselli, P., Pittalis, S., Pontarelli, A., Proietti, C., Puro, V., Ramazzini, P. M., Rianda, A., Rinonapoli, G., Rosati, S., Rubino, D., Rueca, M., Ruggeri, A., Sacchi, A., Sampaolesi, A., Sanasi, F., Santagata, C., Scarabello, A., Scarcia, S., Scognamiglio, P., Scorzolini, L., Stazi, G., Strano, G., Taibi, C., Taloni, G., Nardi, T., Tonnarini, R., Topino, S., Tozzi, M., Vairo, F., Valli, M. B., Vincenzi, L., Visco-Comandini, U., Vita, S., Vittozzi, P., Zaccarelli, M., Zanetti, A., Zito, S., Vergori, A., Lorenzini, P., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Donno, D. R., Gualano, G., Nicastri, E., Iacomi, F., Marchioni, L., Campioni, P., Schinina, V., Cicalini, S., Agrati, C., Capobianchi, M. R., Girardi, E., Ippolito, G., Vaia, F., Petrosillo, N., Antinori, A., Taglietti, F., Abbonizio, M. A., Abdeddaim, A., Agostini, E., Albarello, F., Amadei, G., Amendola, A., Antonica, M. A., Antonini, M., Bartoli, T. A., Baldini, F., Barbaro, R., Bartolini, B., Bellagamba, R., Benigni, M., Bevilacqua, N., Biava, G., Bibas, M., Bordi, L., Bordoni, V., Boumis, E., Branca, M., Buonomo, R., Busso, D., Camici, M., Canichella, F., Capone, A., Caporale, C., Caraffa, E., Caravella, I., Carletti, F., Castilletti, C., Cataldo, A., Cerilli, S., Cerva, C., Chiappini, R., Chinello, P., Cianfarani, M. A., Ciaralli, C., Cimaglia, C., Cinicola, N., Ciotti, V., Colavita, F., Corpolongo, A., Cristofaro, M., Curiale, S., D'Abramo, A., Dantimi, C., De Angelis, A., De Angelis, G., De Palo, M. G., De Zottis, F., Di Bari, V., Di Lorenzo, R., Di Stefano, F., D'Offizi, G., Evangelista, F., Faraglia, F., Farina, A., Ferraro, F., Fiorentini, L., Frustaci, A., Fusetti, M., Fusto, M., Galati, V., Gagliardini, R., Galli, P., Garotto, G., Gaviano, I., Tekle, S. G., Giancola, M. L., Giansante, F., Giombini, E., Granata, G., Greci, M. C., Grilli, E., Grisetti, S., Iaconi, M., Iannicelli, G., Inversi, C., Lalle, E., Lamanna, M. E., Lanini, S., Lapa, D., Lepore, L., Libertone, R., Lionetti, R., Liuzzi, G., Loiacono, L., Lucia, A., Lufrani, F., Macchione, M., Maffongelli, G., Marani, A., Mariano, A., Marini, M. C., Maritti, M., Mastrobattista, A., Mastrorosa, I., Matusali, G., Mazzotta, V., Mencarini, P., Meschi, S., Messina, F., Micarelli, S., Mogavero, G., Mondi, A., Montalbano, M., Montaldo, C., Mosti, S., Murachelli, S., Musso, M., Nardi, M., Navarra, A., Nocioni, M., Noto, P., Noto, R., Oliva, A., Onnis, I., Ottou, S., Palazzolo, C., Pallini, E., Palmieri, F., Palombi, G., Pareo, C., Passeri, V., Pelliccioni, F., Penna, G., Petrecchia, A., Petrone, A., Pianura, E., Pinnetti, C., Pisciotta, M., Piselli, P., Pittalis, S., Pontarelli, A., Proietti, C., Puro, V., Ramazzini, P. M., Rianda, A., Rinonapoli, G., Rosati, S., Rubino, D., Rueca, M., Ruggeri, A., Sacchi, A., Sampaolesi, A., Sanasi, F., Santagata, C., Scarabello, A., Scarcia, S., Scognamiglio, P., Scorzolini, L., Stazi, G., Strano, G., Taibi, C., Taloni, G., Nardi, T., Tonnarini, R., Topino, S., Tozzi, M., Vairo, F., Valli, M. B., Vincenzi, L., Visco-Comandini, U., Vita, S., Vittozzi, P., Zaccarelli, M., Zanetti, A., and Zito, S.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_treatment, Rome, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Severity of Illness Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective Studie, Coagulopathy, Clinical endpoint, Intubation, Respiratory function, 030212 general & internal medicine, Multidisciplinary, Middle Aged, Medicine, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Patients, medicine.drug_class, Science, Low molecular weight heparin, Risk Assessment, Article, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, medicine, Intubation, Intratracheal, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Aged, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Thrombocytopenia, Retrospective cohort study, Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight, medicine.disease, Respiration, Artificial, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, respiratory tract diseases, Pneumonia, Viral infection, business
Abstract

Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (pLMWH) is currently recommended in COVID-19 to reduce the risk of coagulopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the antinflammatory effects of pLMWH could translate in lower rate of clinical progression in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients admitted to a COVID-hospital in Rome with SARS-CoV-2 infection and mild/moderate pneumonia were retrospectively evaluated. The primary endpoint was the time from hospital admission to orotracheal intubation/death (OTI/death). A total of 449 patients were included: 39% female, median age 63 (IQR, 50–77) years. The estimated probability of OTI/death for patients receiving pLMWH was: 9.5% (95% CI 3.2–26.4) by day 20 in those not receiving pLMWH vs. 10.4% (6.7–15.9) in those exposed to pLMWH; p-value = 0.144. This risk associated with the use of pLMWH appeared to vary by PaO2/FiO2 ratio: aHR 1.40 (95% CI 0.51–3.79) for patients with an admission PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg and 0.27 (0.03–2.18) for those with PaO2/FiO2 > 300 mmHg; p-value at interaction test 0.16. pLMWH does not seem to reduce the risk of OTI/death mild/moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, especially when respiratory function had already significantly deteriorated. Data from clinical trials comparing the effect of prophylactic vs. therapeutic dosage of LMWH at various stages of COVID-19 disease are needed.

Published
2021

34. On the effectiveness of spif process to re-form end-of-life components as compared to conventional forming approach

Author

Zaheer O., Ingarao G., Di Lorenzo R., Fratini L., Zaheer O., Ingarao G., Di Lorenzo R., and Fratini L.

Subjects
Aluminum alloy, Reshaping, Forming, Settore ING-IND/16 - Tecnologie E Sistemi Di Lavorazione
Abstract

Manufacturing processes have a significant impact on global energy consumptions. The recovery of materials and functions for the implementation of the Circular Economy principle needs to be focused on either, by utilizing new techniques or the rethinking of old processes to rework End-of-Life (EoL) components. Previous researches have shown Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) process as a good alternative for sheet metal EoL components reuse by their reshaping. In this article, the authors aim to study the effectiveness of the SPIF processes by comparing its reshaping performance with other, more conventional forming processes. An initial Deep Drawing (DD) process was performed to imitate an aluminum sheet metal EoL component, subsequently, different stretching-based reshaping approaches have been tested. Results revealed that SPIF outperformed conventional forming processes, proving to be the only approach leading to new/reshaped component. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

Published
2021

38. Global Prevalence of Young-Onset Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Hendriks, S, Peetoom, K, Bakker, C, van der Flier, WM, Papma, JM, Koopmans, R, Verhey, FRJ, de Vugt, M, Köhler, S, Withall, A, Parlevliet, JL, Uysal-Bozkir, Ö, Gibson, RC, Neita, SM, Nielsen, TR, Salem, LC, Nyberg, J, Lopes, MA, Dominguez, JC, De Guzman, MF, Egeberg, A, Radford, K, Broe, T, Subramaniam, M, Abdin, E, Bruni, AC, Di Lorenzo, R, Smith, K, Flicker, L, Mol, MO, Basta, M, Yu, D, Masika, G, Petersen, MS, Ruano, L, Young-Onset Dementia Epidemiology Study Group, and Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto

Subjects
Adult, Male, Yod, Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1], Population, URBAN, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], AGE, Health care, medicine, Prevalence, Dementia, Humans, OLDER-PEOPLE, Age of Onset, education, Socioeconomic status, Original Investigation, RISK, education.field_of_study, FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, business.industry, TRIBAL ELDERLY POPULATION, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, Sample size determination, COMMUNITY SURVEY, Meta-analysis, World Standard Population, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, HIMALAYAN REGION, Demography
Abstract

Importance: Reliable prevalence estimates are lacking for young-onset dementia (YOD), in which symptoms of dementia start before the age of 65 years. Such estimates are needed for policy makers to organize appropriate health care. Objective: To determine the global prevalence of YOD. Data sources: The PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases were systematically searched for population-based studies on the prevalence of YOD published between January 1, 1990, and March 31, 2020. Study selection: Studies containing data on the prevalence of dementia in individuals younger than 65 years were screened by 2 researchers for inclusion in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data extraction and synthesis: Prevalence estimates on 5-year age bands, from 30 to 34 years to 60 to 64 years, were extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to pool prevalence estimates. Results were age standardized for the World Standard Population. Heterogeneity was assessed by subgroup analyses for sex, dementia subtype, study design, and economic status based on the World Bank classification and by meta-regression. Main outcomes and measures: Prevalence estimates of YOD for 5-year age bands. Results: A total of 95 unique studies were included in this systematic review, of which 74 with 2 760 379 unique patients were also included in 5-year age band meta-analyses. Studies were mostly conducted in Europe and in older groups in Asia, North America, and Oceania. Age-standardized prevalence estimates increased from 1.1 per 100 000 population in the group aged 30 to 34 years to 77.4 per 100 000 population in the group aged 60 to 64 years. This gives an overall global age-standardized prevalence of 119.0 per 100 000 population in the age range of 30 to 64 years, corresponding to 3.9 million people aged 30 to 64 years living with YOD in the world. Subgroup analyses showed prevalence between men and women to be similar (crude estimates for men, 216.5 per 100 000 population; for women, 293.1 per 100 000 population), whereas prevalence was lower in high-income countries (crude estimate, 663.9 per 100 000 population) compared with upper-middle-income (crude estimate, 1873.6 per 100 000 population) and lower-middle-income (crude estimate, 764.2 per 100 000 population) countries. Meta-regression showed that age range (P < .001), sample size (P < .001), and study methodology (P = .02) significantly influenced heterogeneity between studies. Conclusions and relevance: This systematic review and meta-analysis found an age-standardized prevalence of YOD of 119.0 per 100 000 population, although estimates of the prevalence in low-income countries and younger age ranges remain scarce. These results should help policy makers organize sufficient health care for this subgroup of individuals with dementia. Study registration: PROSPERO CRD42019119288 This study was supported by the Gieskes-Strijbis Foundation, Alzheimer Netherlands, and the Dutch Young-Onset Dementia Knowledge Centre.

Published
2021

39. Experimental characterization of the electrical energy produced by microbial fuel cells supplied by pot plants

Author

Imbrogno, F, Assini, S, Granata, M, Di Lorenzo, R, Malcovati, P, Imbrogno F., Assini S. P., Granata M., Di Lorenzo R., Malcovati P., Imbrogno, F, Assini, S, Granata, M, Di Lorenzo, R, Malcovati, P, Imbrogno F., Assini S. P., Granata M., Di Lorenzo R., and Malcovati P.

Abstract

Progress towards green and autonomous energy sources includes exploiting living systems and biological tissue for harvesting electrical energy. Plant-microbial fuel cells (P-MFCs) have recently been identified as a promising energy source for continuously and indefinitely supplying autonomous electronic devices, such as, for example, sensor nodes. This paper reports the results of the characterization of microbial fuel cells supplied by pot plants in terms of harvestable electrical energy. The results show that electronic devices with a power consumption lower than 1mW can be easily operated continuously with the energy produced by P-MFCs. As test cases, P-MFCs have been used to power LEDs as well as a temperature and relative humidity sensor.

Published
2019

40. SARS-CoV-2 isolation from ocular secretions of a patient with COVID-19 in Italy with prolonged viral RNA detection

Author

Colavita F., Lapa D., Carletti F., Lalle E., Bordi L., Marsella P., Nicastri E., Bevilacqua N., Giancola M. L., Corpolongo A., Ippolito G., Capobianchi M. R., Castilletti C., Abbonizio M. A., Agrati C., Albarello F., Amadei G., Amendola A., Antonini M., Barbaro R., Bartolini B., Benigni M., Bordoni V., Branca M., Campioni P., Caporale C., Caravella I., Chiappini R., Ciaralli C., Cristofaro M., Curiale S., D'Abramo A., Dantimi C., de Angelis A., de Angelis G., Di Lorenzo R., Di Stefano F., Ferraro F., Fiorentini L., Frustaci A., Galli P., Garotto G., Giansante F., Giombini E., Greci M. C., Lanini S., Lepore L., Lucia A., Lufrani F., Macchione M., Marani A., Marchioni L., Mariano A., Marini M. C., Maritti M., Matusali G., Meschi S., Messina F., Montaldo C., Murachelli S., Noto R., Palazzolo C., Pallini E., Passeri V., Pelliccioni F., Petrecchia A., Petrone A., Petrosillo N., Pianura E., Pisciotta M., Pittalis S., Proietti C., Puro V., Rinonapoli G., Rueca M., Sacchi A., Sanasi F., Santagata C., Scarcia S., Schinina V., Scognamiglio P., Scorzolini L., Stazi G., Vaia F., Vairo F., Valli M. B., Colavita, F., Lapa, D., Carletti, F., Lalle, E., Bordi, L., Marsella, P., Nicastri, E., Bevilacqua, N., Giancola, M. L., Corpolongo, A., Ippolito, G., Capobianchi, M. R., Castilletti, C., Abbonizio, M. A., Agrati, C., Albarello, F., Amadei, G., Amendola, A., Antonini, M., Barbaro, R., Bartolini, B., Benigni, M., Bordoni, V., Branca, M., Campioni, P., Caporale, C., Caravella, I., Chiappini, R., Ciaralli, C., Cristofaro, M., Curiale, S., D'Abramo, A., Dantimi, C., de Angelis, A., de Angelis, G., Di Lorenzo, R., Di Stefano, F., Ferraro, F., Fiorentini, L., Frustaci, A., Galli, P., Garotto, G., Giansante, F., Giombini, E., Greci, M. C., Lanini, S., Lepore, L., Lucia, A., Lufrani, F., Macchione, M., Marani, A., Marchioni, L., Mariano, A., Marini, M. C., Maritti, M., Matusali, G., Meschi, S., Messina, F., Montaldo, C., Murachelli, S., Noto, R., Palazzolo, C., Pallini, E., Passeri, V., Pelliccioni, F., Petrecchia, A., Petrone, A., Petrosillo, N., Pianura, E., Pisciotta, M., Pittalis, S., Proietti, C., Puro, V., Rinonapoli, G., Rueca, M., Sacchi, A., Sanasi, F., Santagata, C., Scarcia, S., Schinina, V., Scognamiglio, P., Scorzolini, L., Stazi, G., Vaia, F., Vairo, F., and Valli, M. B.

Subjects
Isolation (health care), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Eye, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Viral rna, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, RNA, Pneumonia, General Medicine, Conjunctivitis, medicine.disease, Letters: Observations, Virology, 3. Good health, Viral replication, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, business, Viral load, COVID-19, Conjunctivitis, Eye, Pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that originated in China in December 2019, was recently recognized as pandemic threat by the World Health Organization, with the potential of rapidly overloading health care systems and causing substantial mortality worldwide (www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general -s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19 —11-march -2020). Human-to-human transmission occurs mainly through respiratory droplets, but other routes are under investigation, because SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in several body fluids (1). So far, few data are available on ocular samples from patients with COVID-19, although conjunctivitis has been occasionally reported among COVID-19 symptoms, similar to infections caused by other human coronaviruses (2, 3). During the SARS epidemic, eye exposure to infectious fluids was associated with an increased risk for SARS-CoV transmission to health care workers (3, 4). Although SARS-CoV RNA was occasionally found in ocular specimens during the early phase of illness, its infectivity is unknown (2, 3). With regard to COVID-19, unprotected ocular exposure was thought to be responsible for infections that occurred in the Wuhan Fever Clinic in January 2020 (3, 4); in addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in conjunctival secretions collected from the only patient with conjunctivitis out of 30 patients with COVID-19 from a hospital in China (5). However, further studies are needed to evaluate the infectious potential of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in the ocular specimens and to determine whether transmission may occur through ocular secretions (3, 4). Objective: To present the early detection of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in ocular fluids from a patient with the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Italy, who had been hospitalized at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” (INMI) in Rome. Methods and Findings: The patient, a 65-year-old woman, travelled from Wuhan, China, to Italy on 23 January 2020 and was admitted on 29 January 2020, 1 day after symptom onset. At admission to the high isolation unit at INMI, she presented with nonproductive cough, sore throat, coryza, and bilateral conjunctivitis. She had no fever until day 4, when fever (38 °C), nausea, and vomiting began. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by performing real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay on sputum samples (cycle threshold value [Ct], 16.1) on the admission day, followed by viral M gene sequencing (GenBank accession number MT008022), and virus isolation on Vero E6 cell line (2019-nCoV/Italy-INMI1). The full genome sequence was obtained from either clinical sample or culture isolate (GISAID accession numbers EPI_ISL_410545 and EPI_ISL_410546). At admission, no other respiratory infections were detected (QIAstat-Dx Respiratory Panel; Qiagen).

Published
2020

41. An energy efficiency analysis of single point incremental forming as an approach for sheet metal based component reuse

Author

Ingarao G., Zaheer O., Campanella D., Di Lorenzo R., Fratini L., Ingarao G., Zaheer O., Campanella D., Di Lorenzo R., and Fratini L.

Subjects
Circular economy, Reshaping, Sustainable manufacturing, Energy and resource, Efficiency, Aluminum alloys
Abstract

Producing materials causes about 25% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Metals play a significant role, steel and aluminum account for 24% and 3% of worldwide material related emissions respectively. Fostering resources efficiency strategies in the field of sheet components could lead to a significant environmental impact reduction. Reshaping could be one of the most efficient strategy to foster material reuse and lower the environmental impact due to material production. Specifically, for aluminum recycling, the overall energy efficiency of conventional route is very low and, more importantly, permanent material losses occur during re-melting because of oxidation. The present paper aims at presenting the technical feasibility of Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF)-based reshaping approach. Change in shape of aluminum stamped part is obtained through SPIF process implementation. Preliminary energy savings quantification through life cycle energy and material flows modelling are provided, energy efficiency of conventional recycling approach and SPIF-based reshaping routes are analyzed and compared.

Published
2020

44. Differences among young adults, adults and elderly chronic myeloid leukemia patients

Author

Castagnetti, F., Gugliotta, G., Baccarani, M., Breccia, M., Specchia, G., Levato, L., Abruzzese, E., Rossi, G., Iurlo, A., Martino, B., Pregno, P., Stagno, F., Cuneo, A., Bonifacio, M., Gobbi, M., Russo, D., Gozzini, A., Tiribelli, M., de Vivo, A., Alimena, G., Cavo, M., Martinelli, G., Pane, F., Saglio, G., Rosti, G., Salvi, F., Pini, M., Leoni, P., Rupoli, S., Galieni, P., Bigazzi, C., Cantore, N., Palmieri, F., Albano, F., Russo Rossi, A., Rambaldi, A., Intermesoli, T., Palandri, F., Testoni, N., Luatti, S., Soverini, S., Iacobucci, I., Bochicchio, MT., Apolinari, M., Fogli, M., Cervello, I., Capucci, A., Malagola, M., Malpignano, A., Girasoli, M., Angelucci, E., Usala, E., Storti, S., De Biasi, E., Tagariello, G., Sartori, R., Di Raimondo, F., Vigneri, P., Impera, S., Molica, S., Lanza, F., Viganò, C., Grasso, M., Rapezzi, D., Cavazzini, F., Bosi, A., Santini, V., Capalbo, SF., Spinosa, G., Pierri, I., Bergamaschi, M., Carella, AM., Bacigalupo, A., De Blasio, A., Ciccone, F., Di Renzo, N., Musolino, C., Russo, S., Cortelezzi, A., Morra, E., Pungolino, EM., Luppi, M., Marasca, R., Pogliani, EM., Gambacorti-Passerini, C., Luciano, L., Ferrara, F., Annunziata, M., Latte, G., Noli, D., Rege-Cambrin, G., Fava, C., Semenzato, G., Binotto, G., Fabbiano, F., Turri, D., Siragusa, S., Caracciolo, C., Musso, M., Porretto, F., Aversa, F., Crugnola, M., Cazzola, M., Orlandi, E., Falini, B., Falzetti, F., Visani, G., Isidori, A., Fioritoni, G., Di Lorenzo, R., Vallisa, D., Trabacchi, E., Petrini, M., Galimberti, S., Pizzuti, M., Zaccaria, A., Salvucci, M., Ronco, F., Ielo, D., Merli, F., Avanzini, P., Tosi, P., Merli, A., Musto, P., De Stefano, V., Sica, S., Latagliata, R., De Fabritiis, P., Trawiska, M., Majolino, I., Pacilli, L., Ronci, B., Cedrone, M., Petti, MC., Pisani, F., Tafuri, A., Montefusco, E., Iuliano, F., Dore, F., Pardini, S., Bocchia, M., Defina, M., Liberati, AM., Luzzi, D., Boccadoro, M., Ferrero, D., Vitolo, U., Gherlinzoni, F., Calistri, E., Fanin, R., Pizzolo, G., Meneghini, V., Rodighiero, F., and DʼEmilio, A.

Published
2015
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45. Chronic fatigue is the most important factor limiting health-related quality of life of chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib

Author

Efficace, F, Baccarani, M, Breccia, M, Cottone, F, Alimena, G, Deliliers, G L, Baratè, C, Specchia, G, Di Lorenzo, R, Luciano, L, Turri, D, Martino, B, Stagno, F, Dabusti, M, Bergamaschi, M, Leoni, P, Simula, M P, Levato, L, Fava, C, Veneri, D, Sica, S, Rambaldi, A, Rosti, G, Vignetti, M, and Mandelli, F

Published
2013
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47. Synergy between vitamin D and sex hormones in respiratory functionality of patients affected by COVID-19

Author

Peruzzu, D., Pagano, M. T., Pierdominici, M., Ruggieri, A., Antinori, A., D'Offizi, G., Petrosillo, N., Palmieri, F., Piselli, P., Boumis, E., Notari, S., Nicastri, E., Agrati, C., Ippolito, G., Gagliardi, M. C., Capobianchi, M. R., Ortona, E., Anticoli, S., Bellenghi, M., Bordoni, V., Camici1, M., Casetti, R., Cerva, C., Chinello, P., Imini, E., Donno, D. R., Dupuis, M. L., Faraglia, F., Fecchi, K., Gagliardini, R., Grassi, G., Di Lorenzo, R., Macchione, M., Maffongelli, G., Mattia, G., Milozzi, E., Pontecorvi, G., Puglisi, R., Sacchi, A., Tartaglia, E., and Vita, S.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, sex differences, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Population, Physiology, vitamin D, RM1-950, sex hormones, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Vitamin D and neurology, gender, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Respiratory system, education, Testosterone, Pharmacology, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Plasma levels, 030104 developmental biology, Perspective, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, business, Hormone
Abstract

The outcome of COVID-19 appears to be influenced by vitamin D status of population. Although epidemiological data indicate that COVID-19 produces more severe symptoms and higher mortality in elderly in comparison to young patients and in men in comparison to women to date sex and age differences in vitamin D status in infected patients have not been evaluated yet. In this study we evaluated the levels of circulating 25(OH)D in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 divided accordingly to their sex and age. We also correlated 25(OH)D levels with patient’s respiratory status (i.e., PaO2/FiO2 ratio) and with sex hormones plasma levels to analyze the potential relationship of these parameters. We found no significant differences in plasma levels of 25(OH)D between pre- and post-menopausal female patients and age matched male patients. Interestingly, the 25(OH)D plasma levels positively correlated to PaO2/FiO2 ratio only in young patients, regardless of their sex. We also found a significantly positive correlation between 17β-estradiol and 25(OH)D in elderly women and between testosterone and 25(OH)D in elderly men, supporting the role of sex hormones in maintaining 25(OH)D levels. In conclusion, we suggest that a synergy between vitamin D and sex hormones could contribute to the age-related outcome of COVID-19.

Published
2021

48. Is it fear? Similar brain responses to fearful and neutral faces in infants with a heightened likelihood for autism spectrum disorder

Author

Di Lorenzo, R., Munsters, N.M., Ward, E.K., Jonge, M.V. de, Kemner, C., Boomen, C. van den, Di Lorenzo, R., Munsters, N.M., Ward, E.K., Jonge, M.V. de, Kemner, C., and Boomen, C. van den

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 220227.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical processing of facial expressions. Research with autistic toddlers suggests that abnormalities in processing of spatial frequencies (SFs) contribute to such differences. The current event-related-potential (ERP) study investigated differences between 10-month-old infants with high- and low-likelihood for ASD in SF processing and in discrimination of fearful and neutral faces, filtered to contain specific SF. Results indicate no group differences in general processing of higher (HSF, detailed) and lower-SF (LSF, global) information. However, unlike low-likelihood infants, high-likelihood infants do not discriminate between facial expressions when either the LSF or HSF information is available. Combined with previous findings in toddlers, the current results indicate a developmental delay in efficient processing of facial expressions in ASD.

Published
2021

49. The Impact of COVID-19 Quarantine on Patients With Dementia and Family Caregivers: A Nation-Wide Survey

Author

Rainero, I, Bruni, A, Marra, C, Cagnin, A, Bonanni, L, Cupidi, C, Lagana, V, Rubino, E, Vacca, A, Di Lorenzo, R, Provero, P, Isella, V, Vanacore, N, Agosta, F, Appollonio, I, Caffarra, P, Busse, C, Sambati, R, Quaranta, D, Guglielmi, V, Logroscino, G, Filippi, M, Tedeschi, G, Ferrarese, C, Gallo, E, Grassini, A, Marcinnò, A, Roveta, F, De Martino, P, Frangipane, F, Puccio, G, Colao, R, Mirabelli, M, Terracciano, C, Lino, F, Mozzetta, S, Gazzola, G, Camporese, G, Sacco, S, Lechiara, M, Carrarini, C, Russo, M, Casa Lena, A, Sucapane, P, Tiraboschi, P, Caroppo, P, Redaelli, V, Di Fede, G, Coppa, D, Peluso, L, Insarda, P, De Bartolo, M, Esposito, S, Iavarone, A, Fuschillo, C, Salvatore, E, Criscuolo, C, Sambati, L, Santoro, R, Gragnaniello, D, Pedriali, I, Ludovico, L, Chiari, A, Fabbo, A, Bevilacqua, P, Galli, C, Magarelli, S, Spalletta, G, Banaj, N, Caruso, G, Porcari, E, Giubilei, F, Casini, A, Ursini, F, Bruno, G, Boffelli, S, Brambilla, M, Magnani, G, Caso, F, Spinelli, E, Sinforiani, E, Costa, A, Luzzi, S, Cacchiò, G, Perini, M, Angeloni, R, Giuli, C, Fabi, K, Guidi, M, Paci, C, Castellano, A, Carapelle, E, Petrucci, R, Accogli, M, Trevisi, G, Renna, S, Vasquez Giuliano, A, Da Re, F, Milia, A, Pilia, G, Mascia, M, Putzu, V, Piccoli, T, Cuffaro, L, Monastero, R, Battaglia, A, Blandino, V, Lupo, F, Cumbo, E, Luca, A, Caravaglios, G, Vezzosi, A, Bessi, V, Tognoni, G, Calsolaro, V, Lucarelli, G, Amici, S, Trequattrini, A, Pezzuto, S, Mecocci, P, Caironi, G, Boselli, B, Formilan, M, Coin, A, De Togni, L, Sala, F, Sandri, G, Gallucci, M, Mazzarolo, A, Bergamelli, C, Passoni, S, Bruni, AC, Lechiara, MC, Porcari, ED, Casini, AR, Spinelli, EG, Trevisi, GN, Mascia, MG, Mazzarolo, AP, Rainero, I, Bruni, A, Marra, C, Cagnin, A, Bonanni, L, Cupidi, C, Lagana, V, Rubino, E, Vacca, A, Di Lorenzo, R, Provero, P, Isella, V, Vanacore, N, Agosta, F, Appollonio, I, Caffarra, P, Busse, C, Sambati, R, Quaranta, D, Guglielmi, V, Logroscino, G, Filippi, M, Tedeschi, G, Ferrarese, C, Gallo, E, Grassini, A, Marcinnò, A, Roveta, F, De Martino, P, Frangipane, F, Puccio, G, Colao, R, Mirabelli, M, Terracciano, C, Lino, F, Mozzetta, S, Gazzola, G, Camporese, G, Sacco, S, Lechiara, M, Carrarini, C, Russo, M, Casa Lena, A, Sucapane, P, Tiraboschi, P, Caroppo, P, Redaelli, V, Di Fede, G, Coppa, D, Peluso, L, Insarda, P, De Bartolo, M, Esposito, S, Iavarone, A, Fuschillo, C, Salvatore, E, Criscuolo, C, Sambati, L, Santoro, R, Gragnaniello, D, Pedriali, I, Ludovico, L, Chiari, A, Fabbo, A, Bevilacqua, P, Galli, C, Magarelli, S, Spalletta, G, Banaj, N, Caruso, G, Porcari, E, Giubilei, F, Casini, A, Ursini, F, Bruno, G, Boffelli, S, Brambilla, M, Magnani, G, Caso, F, Spinelli, E, Sinforiani, E, Costa, A, Luzzi, S, Cacchiò, G, Perini, M, Angeloni, R, Giuli, C, Fabi, K, Guidi, M, Paci, C, Castellano, A, Carapelle, E, Petrucci, R, Accogli, M, Trevisi, G, Renna, S, Vasquez Giuliano, A, Da Re, F, Milia, A, Pilia, G, Mascia, M, Putzu, V, Piccoli, T, Cuffaro, L, Monastero, R, Battaglia, A, Blandino, V, Lupo, F, Cumbo, E, Luca, A, Caravaglios, G, Vezzosi, A, Bessi, V, Tognoni, G, Calsolaro, V, Lucarelli, G, Amici, S, Trequattrini, A, Pezzuto, S, Mecocci, P, Caironi, G, Boselli, B, Formilan, M, Coin, A, De Togni, L, Sala, F, Sandri, G, Gallucci, M, Mazzarolo, A, Bergamelli, C, Passoni, S, Bruni, AC, Lechiara, MC, Porcari, ED, Casini, AR, Spinelli, EG, Trevisi, GN, Mascia, MG, and Mazzarolo, AP

Abstract

Introduction: Previous studies showed that quarantine for pandemic diseases is associated with several psychological and medical effects. The consequences of quarantine for COVID-19 pandemic in patients with dementia are unknown. We investigated the clinical changes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, and evaluated caregivers’ distress during COVID-19 quarantine. Methods: The study involved 87 Italian Dementia Centers. Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), and Vascular Dementia (VD) were eligible for the study. Family caregivers of patients with dementia were interviewed by phone in April 2020, 45 days after quarantine declaration. Main outcomes were patients’ changes in cognitive, behavioral, and motor symptoms. Secondary outcomes were effects on caregivers’ psychological features. Results: 4913 patients (2934 females, 1979 males) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Caregivers reported a worsening in cognitive functions in 55.1% of patients, mainly in subjects with DLB and AD. Aggravation of behavioral symptoms was observed in 51.9% of patients. In logistic regression analysis, previous physical independence was associated with both cognitive and behavioral worsening (odds ratio 1.85 [95% CI 1.42–2.39], 1.84 [95% CI 1.43–2.38], respectively). On the contrary, pandemic awareness was a protective factor for the worsening of cognitive and behavioral symptoms (odds ratio 0.74 [95% CI 0.65–0.85]; and 0.72 [95% CI 0.63–0.82], respectively). Approximately 25.9% of patients showed the onset of new behavioral symptoms. A worsening in motor function was reported by 36.7% of patients. Finally, caregivers reported a high increase in anxiety, depression, and distress. Conclusion: Our study shows that quarantine for COVID-19 is associated with an acute worsening of clinical symptoms in patients with dementia as well as increase of caregivers’ burden. Our findings emphasize the importance to imp

Published
2021

50. DC-DC Buck Converter For Automotive Applications

Author

DI LORENZO, R, BASCHIROTTO, ANDREA, DI LORENZO, ROBERTO, DI LORENZO, R, BASCHIROTTO, ANDREA, and DI LORENZO, ROBERTO

Abstract

L'avvento del MOSFET di potenza è uno degli sviluppi più significativi nell'elettronica di potenza negli ultimi anni. Mentre i dispositivi verticali apparsi alla fine degli anni settanta sembravano destinati a trovare un posto importante nel mercato, in particolare nell'area della conversione di potenza ad alta frequenza, il predominio generale del transistor bipolare di potenza non sembrava seriamente minacciato. Tuttavia, quando i dispositivi DMOS verticali più facilmente fabbricabili apparvero in volume nel 1978, la scena era pronta per una rivoluzione. Il MOSFET di potenza ha rapidamente raggiunto la reputazione di essere tollerante e facile da progettare, ma l'accettazione universale è stata ritardata dal suo costo relativamente alto. L'elettronica automobilistica che funziona dalla batteria dell'auto subisce tensioni transitorie come l'avviamento a freddo e lo scarico del carico che possono variare da 4,5 V a> 30 V. Inoltre, le nuove tecnologie come start-stop aumentano la frequenza di tali transitori e i requisiti operativi dei dispositivi elettronici. Ciò richiede circuiti integrati di alimentazione o batteria per resistere a condizioni operative difficili e fornire alimentazione affidabile all'intero veicolo. Ad esempio, l'aria condizionata, le luci anteriori / posteriori dell'auto dovrebbero mantenere la loro funzionalità durante le condizioni di avviamento indotte da start-stop. Questo requisito può essere soddisfatto in modo efficiente e affidabile dai convertitori DC-DC. L'industria automobilistica sta rapidamente passando dalle lampade a filamento ai nuovi sistemi (LED) per l'illuminazione anteriore / posteriore in quanto offrono prestazioni migliori in termini di efficienza energetica rispetto a quelli convenzionali. Tuttavia, a causa delle caratteristiche elettriche di questi sistemi presenti in un'auto non può essere alimentato direttamente dalla batteria dell'auto. Richiedono circuiti di pilotaggio specializzati in grado di rispondere alle, The advent of the power MOSFET ranks as one of the most significant developments in power electronics in recent years. While the vertical devices which appeared in the late seventies looked set to find an important place in the market, particularly in the area of high-frequency power conversion, the overall dominance of the power bipolar transistor did not seem seriously threatened. However, when the more easily manufacturable vertical DMOS devices appeared in volume in 1978, the scene was set for a revolution. The power MOSFET rapidly achieved a reputation for being forgiving and easy to design with, but universal acceptance was delayed by its relatively high cost. The automotive electronics operating from car battery experiences transient voltages such as cold-cranking and load dump which can range from 4.5V to >30V. In addition, the new technologies such as start-stop, increase the frequency of such transients and operational requirements of electronic devices. This requires o-battery power ICs to withstand harsh operating conditions and reliably provide power to the whole vehicle. As an example, the air condition, front/back car lights are supposed to keep their functionality during start-stop induced cranking conditions. This requirement can be efficiently and reliably fulfilled from DC-DC converters. The automotive industry is rapidly switching from filament lamps to new systems (LED) for front/back lighting as they perform better in terms of energy efficiency than the conventional ones. However, due to the electrical characteristics of these systems present in a car cannot be powered directly from the automotive battery. They require specialized driving circuits which can respond to the changing needs of the loads as their electrical properties change while maintaining the uniform current. DC-DC converters other the easiest way to power such the load with a constant current. As result Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost DC-DC converters for automotive applications are of

Published
2021

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