Search

Abstract Background The primary method utilized by orchard owners to combat Cydia pomonella is the application of various chemical insecticides. However, this has resulted in the development of resistance. The resistance mechanisms to insecticides from different chemical classes are diverse but interconnected. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the commonalities in these mechanisms to effectively develop strategies for managing resistance. Materials and methods To determine whether target-site insensitivity to LCT and AM plays a role in resistance, the sequences of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) and glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) containing the mutation domains were detected. To validate whether similar mechanisms were involved in the detoxification process of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and abamectin (AM) at sublethal doses (specifically LD10 and LD30), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and carboxylesterases (CarE) activities were evaluated after insecticides exposure; synergistic experiments were conducted using piperonyl butoxide (PBO), diethyl maleate (DEM), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) as inhibitors of P450, GST, and CarE respectively. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to compare the expression levels of detoxification-related genes between susceptible (SS) and resistant strains. Results The best known target-site mutations caused by LCT and AM, including L1014F in VGSC and V263I, A309V, I321T, and G326E in GluCl were not occurred. We observed that PBO had a strong synergistic effect on LCT and AM, while DEM on LCT. The activities of detoxification enzymes increased after insecticide exposures, indicating that the detoxification of LCT was primarily carried out by P450 and CarE enzymes, while P450 and GST enzymes played a major role in the detoxification of AM. A total of 72 P450 genes and 75 CarE genes were identified in the C. pomonella transcriptome, with 43 of these genes (including 11 P450, 3 GST, 10 CarE, 11 ABC transporters, and 8 UDP-glycosyl transferases) being over-expressed in response to both insecticides Interestingly, ABC transporters were predominantly induced by AM treatment, while GST showed higher induction levels with LCT treatment. Furthermore, LCT-resistant strains of C. pomonella exhibited higher levels of induction of detoxification-related genes compared to susceptible strains. Conclusion The up-regulation of these detoxification genes is a common metabolic mechanism employed by C. pomonella to counteract the effects of insecticides, although the extent of gene expression change varies depending on the specific insecticide.

The codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major invasive pest of pome fruits and walnuts worldwide. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and abamectin (AM) have been frequently used in C. pomonella control, but control of this pest is very difficult because shortly after hatching, larvae of this insect bore tunnels and hide inside host plant fruit. In this study, a simulated field spray bioassay method was developed against neonate larvae of C. pomonella and concentration-response bioassays were conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of the neonate larvae to LCT and AM. Exposure of neonate larvae to sublethal concentration (LC30) of LCT or AM significantly reduced the survival rate of larvae (4th and 5th instars), lowered the mean weight of larvae and pupae, and decreased the daily maximal number of eggs laid and the total number of eggs laid (fecundity) per female. The sublethal effects, including reduced body mass, mean fecundity and net reproductive rate, extended mean generation time, and shortened oviposition period, were also found in transgenerational offspring. Furthermore, the transgenerational maternal effects were more obvious for AM than LCT, in comparison to the control. Additionally, the estimated population size was decreased by exposure to LC30 of LCT and AM, and the observed reduction of fecundity and population size within and across generations was likely the result of the downregulation of the reproduction-related vitellogenin gene (CpVg) after exposure to LC30 of LCT and AM. These results provide a better understanding of the overall effects of LCT and AM on C. pomonella and the transgenerational effects which should be taken into consideration when using insecticides in order to control C. pomonella.

The codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is one of the most notorious pests of pome fruits and walnuts worldwide, which has developed resistance to almost all classes of insecticides, including abamectin (ABM). ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are thought to play a vital roles in insecticide detoxification by reducing the toxic concentrations of insecticides in an organism tissues. Despite the tremendous progress in understanding the detoxification mechanisms at the molecular level, the physiological functions of ABC transporters in insects have been poorly investigated. In this study, we found that the ABC inhibitor verapamil synergized significantly the toxicity of ABM, suggesting a potential role of ABC in detoxification. A total of 54 ABC genes were identified in the third-instar larvae of C. pomonella after treatment with sublethal doses (LD10 and LD30) of ABM. The expression profile of these genes in ABM-treated larvae at different time points (24, 48, 72 hr) using transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) was also investigated. The results showed that the expression of about 30 ABC genes was significantly co-upregulated after treatment. Several specific genes were up-regulated at 48 hr after treatment of larvae with LD10 ABM. Among these up-regulated genes, we found that the relative expression level of the CPOM19553 was 29.7-fold and 16.0-fold higher when larvae were exposed to ABM at the LD10 and LD30 doses compared to control, respectively. Unlike other ABC genes, only CPOM08323 exhibited significant expression levels in the head and cuticle of the third-instar larvae of C. pomonella exposed to the two sublethal doses of ABM, with no expression was observed in the detoxification tissues such as midgut and Malpighian tubule. This study suggests that these up-regulated genes may be involved in ABM resistance in C. pomonella. Our findings will provide an additional information required for further analysis of ABC transporter genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism in C. pomonella.

The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is a notorious pest of rice that causes large losses in China. Breeding and screening of resistance rice cultivars are effective strategies for C. suppressalis management. In this study, insect-resistant traits of 47 rice cultivars were investigated by C. suppressalis artificial infestation (AI) both in field and greenhouse experiments, using the susceptible (S) cultivar 1665 as a control. Results suggest that two rice cultivars, namely 1688 and 1654, are resistant (R) and moderately resistant (MR) to C. suppressalis, respectively. Then, a comparative transcriptome (RNA-Seq) was de novo assembled and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with altered expression levels were investigated among cultivars 1688, 1654, and 1665, with or without C. suppressalis infestation for 24 h. A total of 2569 and 1861 genes were up-regulated, and 3852 and 1861 genes were down-regulated in cultivars 1688 and 1654, respectively after artificial infestation with C. suppressalis compared to the non-infested control (CK). For the susceptible cultivar 1665, a total of 882 genes were up-regulated and 3863 genes were down-regulated after artificial infestation with C. suppressalis compared to the CK. Twenty four DEGs belong to proteinase inhibitor, lectin and chitinase gene families; plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction pathways were selected as candidate genes to test their possible role in C. suppressalis resistance. RT-qPCR results revealed that 13 genes were significantly up-regulated and 8 were significantly down-regulated in the resistant cultivar 1688 with C. suppressalis artificial infestation (1688AI) compared to the CK. Three genes, LTPL164, LTPL151, and LOC Os11g32100, showed more than a 10-fold higher expression in 1688AI than in 1688CK, suggesting their potential role in insect resistance. Overall, our results provide an important foundation for further understanding the insect resistance mechanisms of selected resistant varieties that will help us to breed C. suppressalis resistant rice varieties.

Sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） was a class of bacteria that use organic matter to reduce SO42- to produce sulfides. SRB can be used to treat wastewater containing SO42-，but the desulfurization effect is limited by temperature，environmental pH，S2- concentration，m（COD）/m（SO42-） and other factors. Based on this，this study used batch experiments to comprehensively analyze the effects of temperature，environmental pH，S2- mass concentration and m（COD）/m（SO42-） on the growth of SRB，and explored the desulfurization performance of SRB in different environments. The results showed that SRB was in the logarithmic phase when cultured for 14-86 h，and the activity was the highest. The optimum growth temperature of SRB was 35 ℃. The S2- in the system would affect the growth of SRB. When the mass concentration of S2- increased，it would not only inhibit the metabolic activity of SRB，but also lead to apoptosis of SRB cells. SRB could survive under the condition of pH 5-8. When the pH of the environment was 7-8，the metabolism of SRB was the most vigorous. The optimum m（COD）/m（SO42-） for SRB growth was 2. Under the optimal conditions of temperature 35 ℃，pH=7，and m（COD）/m（SO42-）=2，SRB in logarithmic phase was cultured on Starkey medium for 8 days，the OD600，pH，ORP，EC，and SO42- removal rates of the solution were 1.33，8.78，-393 mV，2.90 mS/cm，and 84.77%，respectively.

Gallbladder atrophy (GBA) is characterised by a reduction in the size and volume of the gallbladder. In human medicine, it is well-established that GBA frequently occurs together with pathologies affecting the gallbladder and pancreas. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently a dearth of reported cases of GBA in dogs within the veterinary field. In this study, we present a case report of GBA in a 7-year-old Yorkshire Terrier. The diagnosis of GBA was confirmed using abdominal ultrasonography and advanced imaging techniques, including computed tomography, which were performed over a 4-year period. The patient initially presented with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms, which were subsequently diagnosed and treated as pancreatitis. Concurrently, a gallbladder nodule and an anomalous structure suspected to be cholelithiasis were identified. However, during the 4-year follow-up, the gallbladder structure regressed, leaving only the presence of the gallbladder nodule. Notably, cholecystectomy was not performed, and apart from pancreatitis-related symptoms, the patient did not show any gallbladder-related problems throughout the spontaneous atrophic process. Based on these findings, we propose that the observed GBA was likely induced by cholecystitis associated with pancreatitis. This case underscores the significance of considering GBA as a potential diagnosis in canine patients presenting with pancreatitis and gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, it highlights the value of comprehensive diagnostic imaging in accurately determining the underlying cause of these symptoms.

AIGC, as a new generation of intelligent generation technology, provides new ideas for the progress and development of the new media field. This study constructs a communication model for new media micro-video creation based on the information communication model, analyzing the communication and development of new media micro-video creation. Combining the application characteristics of AIGC technology in new media micro-video creation and the needs of new media micro-video creation, it proposes the information hiding improvement method based on the GAN model and diffusion model. It constructs the AIGC optimization system based on new media micro-video creation. The model’s application effect in new media micro-video creation is explored after it passes the performance test. The results show that the average scores of all the indicators of the sense of using experience are above 3.5, the overall average score of micro-video creation is 4.12, and the peak traffic and cumulative traffic of the works created by utilizing this method have been improved by 17,000 and 1,910,000, respectively. The efficiency and quality of micro-video creation can be enhanced by using this study as a feasible reference.

In order to solve the problems of high Fe2+ and Mn2+ content and limited adsorption capacity of lignite in acid mine wastewater (AMD), lignite was selected as the base material and silane coupling agent 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane (MPTMS) was selected as the modification reagent to modify the lignite. The influence of the change of each influencing factor on the response value was investigated by single factor test.and the interaction of each influence factor was further determined by response surface methodology (RSM). The composites were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrometer (FTIR). The results show that the optimal preparation conditions of sulfhydryl modified lignite were determined by single factor test as follows: lignite particle size 0.18 mm (80 mesh), mass ratio of lignite to methanol 1∶3, reaction temperature of 40 ℃. The Design-Expert software is used to optimize the ratio, after comprehensively considering the removal rate and cost, the optimal ratio of mercapto-modified lignite in this experiment is proposed as follows: the particle size of lignite is 0.18 mm (80 mesh), the mass ratio of lignite to methanol is 1∶4, and the reaction temperature is 40 ℃, the Fe2+ and Mn2+ removal rates are 84.2% and 88.9%, respectively. The saturated adsorption capacity is 6.715mg/g and 2.295 mg/g, respectively. Compared with the original lignite, the Mn2+ removal rate, Fe2+ adsorption capacity and Mn2+ adsorption capacity increase by 44.9%, 27.42% and 29.01%, respectively. The isothermal adsorption lines of Fe2+ and Mn2+ adsorbed by modified lignite all conform to Langmuir model, and the adsorption conforms to monolayer adsorption process. It can be seen from the characterization results that the surface structure of lignite after modification with sulfhydryl group is destroyed and a large number of pore structures appear, and the specific surface area is greatly increased. At the same time, the molecular structure of MPYMS contains silicon, oxygen and sulphur, silica base, which are easy to hydrolyze with the carrier materials containing mercapto groups to form a C—Si—O bond, so that the mercapto groups are grafted onto the surface of the carrier materials, and the combination of heavy metal ions and adsorbent surface group could promote its skeleton deformation or fracture, generate molecular fragments, expose more hydroxyl, increase the adsorption sites, and improve the adsorption capacity of lignite.

Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) release pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic factors. CXC chemokine-ligand-1 (CXCL1) is expressed on HSCs. We previously found that the CD147 is overexpressed in activated HSCs. In this study, we showed an important role of CD147 in promoting liver fibrosis by activating HSCs and upregulating expression of chemokines. Specifically, we found that CD147 specific deletion in HSCs mice alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and inhibited HSCs activation. Overexpression of CD147 upregulated the secretion of CXCL1. Meanwhile, CXCL1 promoted HSCs activation through autocrine. Treating with PI3K/AKT inhibitor could effectively suppress CD147-induced CXCL1 expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that CD147 regulates CXCL1 release in HSCs by PI3K/AKT signaling. Inhibition of CD147 attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and inflammation. Therefore, administration of targeting CD147 could be a promising therapeutic strategy in liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the influence of different structural parameters on the aircraft lug structure crack growth life, using the combination of numerical simulation and test method, fatigue tests were carried out on different structural parameters 7075 aluminum alloy lug samples, the three-dimensional stress intensity factor calculation models of different lugs based on the ABAQUS software was established, the accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the finite element solution with the experimental results and analytical values. Finally, The fatigue crack growth life of lug with different structural parameters was calculated by the Paris formula and fracture mechanics method. The results indicate that under the same stress, with the increase of taper angle, the fatigue crack growth life of the lug structure increases rapidly, and the bottom chamfer have little effect on it.

Firstly, the basic theories of internet of things, competitive GEM model and industrial development in Fujian Province were studied in this paper. Then, the factors influencing the cultivation of industrial competitiveness of the internet of things was observed and finally the suggestions on enhancing the competitiveness of internet of things and strengthening the cultivation of talents of internet of things were put forward.

deepening Fujian-Taiwan cultural creative industry connection cooperation is of great importance to close Fujian-Taiwan relationship, forge new economic growth points, optimize and adjust industrial structure. In this paper, the opportunities, potential, basis and conditions for Fujian-Taiwan cultural creative industry connection cooperation are analyzed, and countermeasures and suggestions to deepen the connection cooperation are proposed.

firstly, the current situation of the cultural creation and information industry in Fujian and Taiwan is investigated and compared in this paper. Secondly, the characteristics and advantages of the talent cultivation system in the cultural creation and information industry of Taiwan are investigated. Finally, the advantages of Taiwanese cultural creation and information industry in talent cultivation are referred to greatly cultivate the talents of cultural creation and information industry in Fujian Province.

The aim of this article is to look at one of the two parties in Latvia, whose ideology is classical liberalism. In the situation of the transition from totalitarianism to democracy the liberal ideas appeared to be unpopular to the majority of the population of Latvia, due to different difficulties linked to transition, both economical and psychological. The article gives a glance to the programme and internal problems of LLP.

We demonstrate a diode-pumped passively cw mode-locked Nd:CaGdAlO4 laser operating at 1079nm with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The threshold pump power of the laser is 180mW. A maximum average output power of 93mW is obtained under the pump power of 1.94 W. The pulse duration of the mode-locked pulses is 3.1 ps and the repetition rate is 157 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The potential therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) have now been confirmed in various human and animal-disease models. However, the effects of H2 on the physiological function in a normal state have been largely neglected. Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) intake and hydrogen inhalation (HI) are the most common used methods for hydrogen administration, the difference in the effects between HRW intake and HI remains elusive. In the present study, the body weight and 13 serum biochemical parameters were monitored during the six-month hydrogen intervention, all these parameters were significantly altered by oral intake of HRW or HI. Among the 13 parameters, the most striking alterations induced by hydrogen treatment were observed in serum myocardial enzymes spectrum. The results also showed that the changes in these parameters occurred at different time points, and the alterations in most of the parameters were much more significant in HI than HRW. The results of this study provides the basic data for the mechanism research and application of molecular hydrogen in the future.

Abstract Background Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic infectious disease that is transmitted in various ways and causes great harm to humans and animals. The brucellosis pathogen is Brucella, which mainly resides in macrophage cells and survives and replicates in host cells. However, the mechanisms underlying Brucella survival in macrophage cells have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a bifunctional protein that shows not only GSH peroxidase activity but also phospholipase A2 activity and plays important roles in combating oxidative damage and regulating apoptosis. Results Recombinant mouse (Mus musculus) Prdx6 (MmPrdx6) was expressed and purified, and monoclonal antibodies against MmPrdx6 were prepared. Using the Brucella suis S2 strain to infect RAW264.7 murine macrophages, the level of intracellular Prdx6 expression first decreased and later increased following infection. Overexpressing Prdx6 in macrophages resulted in an increase in B. suis S2 strain levels in RAW264.7 cells, while knocking down Prdx6 reduced the S2 levels in cells. Conclusions Host Prdx6 can increase the intracellular survival of B. suis S2 strain and plays a role in Brucella infection.