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Neoadjuvant (preoperative) concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has become a standard treatment of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas. The clinical stages II (cT3-4, N0, M0) and III (cT1-4, N+, M0) according to International Union Against Cancer (IUCC) are concerned. It can reduce tumor volume and subsequently lead to an increase in complete resections (R0 resections), shows less toxicity, and improves local control rate. The aim of this review is to summarize actual approaches, main problems, and discrepancies in the treatment of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Hormone therapies (HTs) with anti-androgenic properties are a cornerstone for the treatment of prostate cancer (PC) and have significantly improved the survival of patients, though exposing them to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This occurs due to the high average age of patients undergoing HT for PC, an age group in which CVDs have a high prevalence and incidence, and due to the type and duration of HTs that are increasingly effective but at the same time more aggressive towards cardiovascular health. Recent evidence from the real world suggests, however, that the cardiometabolic risk is widely underestimated and undertreated with significant impact also on the oncological prognosis. In the light of the results of the PRONOUNCE study, in this review it is emphasized the need for a multidisciplinary management of patients with PC who are candidate for or treated with HT by implementing a personalized treatment program in accordance with the current European guidelines on CVD prevention.

Unlabelled: Anti-angiogenic treatment with targeted agents is effective in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of metronomic capecitabine in patients with HCC., Methods: This single-institution phase II trial included 59 previously untreated patients with advanced HCC and 31 patients resistant to or intolerant of sorafenib. The treatment schedule was capecitabine 500 mg twice daily until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity level, or withdrawal of informed consent. Progression-free survival (PFS) was chosen as the primary endpoint., Results: A total of 59 previously untreated and 31 previously treated patients with HCC were enrolled. The first cohort achieved a median PFS of 6.03 months and an overall survival (OS) of 14.47 months. Two patients achieved a complete response, 1 patient achieved partial response, and in 30 patients, stable disease was the best outcome. The second cohort achieved a median PFS of 3.27 months and a median OS of 9.77 months. No complete or partial responses were observed, but 10 patients had stable disease. An unscheduled comparison of the first cohort of patients with 3,027 untreated patients with HCC from the Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) database was performed. One-to-one matching according to demographic/etiologic/oncologic features was possible for 50 patients. The median OS for these 50 capecitabine-treated patients was 15.6 months, compared with a median OS of 8.0 months for the matched untreated patients (p = .043)., Conclusion: Metronomic capecitabine is well tolerated by patients with advanced HCC and appears to have activity both in treatment-naive patients and in those previously treated with sorafenib.