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14. A Review on Polyethersulfone Membranes in Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers: Preparation, Characterization and Innovation.

Author

MacKeown, Henry, Benedetti, Barbara, Scapuzzi, Chiara, Di Carro, Marina, and Magi, Emanuele

Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL sampling, PASSIVE sampling devices (Environmental sampling), POLYETHERSULFONE, ORGANIC compounds, SURFACE area
Abstract

The membranes in polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) enclose the receiving sorbent and protect it from coming into direct contact with the environmental matrix. They have a crucial role in extending the kinetic regime of contaminant uptake, by slowing down their diffusion between the water phase and the receiving phase. The drive to improve passive sampling requires membranes with better design and enhanced performances. In this review, the preparation of standard polyethersulfone (PES) membranes for POCIS is presented, as well as methods to evaluate their composition, morphology, structure, and performance. Generally, only supplier-related morphological and structural data are provided, such as membrane type, thickness, surface area, and pore diameter. The issues related to the use of PES membranes in POCIS applications are exposed. Finally, alternative membranes to PES in POCIS are also discussed, although no better membrane has yet been developed. This review highlights the urge for more membrane characterization details and a better comprehension of the mechanisms which underlay their behavior and performance, to improve membrane selection and optimize passive sampler development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Marine environment pollution: The contribution of mass spectrometry to the study of seawater

Author

Magi, Emanuele and DI CARRO, Marina

Subjects
Analytical chemistry, Hyphenated techniques, Marine pollution, Seawater, Trace contaminants, Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Condensed Matter Physics, Spectroscopy, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Biochemistry
Abstract

The study of marine pollution has been traditionally addressed to persistent chemicals, generally known as priority pollutants; a current trend in environmental analysis is a shift toward "emerging pollutants," defined as newly identified or previously unrecognized contaminants. The present review is focused on the peculiar contribution of mass spectrometry (MS) to the study of pollutants in the seawater compartment. The work is organized in five paragraphs where the most relevant groups of pollutants, both "classical" and "emerging," are presented and discussed, highlighting the relative data obtained by the means of different MS techniques. The hyphenation of MS and separative techniques, together with the development of different ion sources, makes MS and tandem MS the analytical tool of choice for the determination of trace organic contaminants in seawater. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:492-512, 2018.

Published
2016

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