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1. Tectonics and geothermal gradients from subduction to collision in the NW Variscan Iberian Massif

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), CSIC - Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier [0000-0001-6154-6590], Martín Parra, L.M. [0000-0003-2816-5299], Díez Fernández, Rubén [0000-0002-0379-7970], Valverde Vaquero, Pablo María [0000-0002-2184-0848], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Gallastegui Suárez, Gloria [0000-0002-2665-3072], Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto [0000-0002-7659-9908], Beranoaguirre de Miguel, Aratz [0000-0002-1137-6498], Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier, Martín Parra, L.M., Díez Fernández, Rubén, Valverde Vaquero, Pablo María, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Hacar, M. P., Iglesias García, Justo, Gallastegui Suárez, Gloria, Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto, Beranoaguirre de Miguel, Aratz, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), CSIC - Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier [0000-0001-6154-6590], Martín Parra, L.M. [0000-0003-2816-5299], Díez Fernández, Rubén [0000-0002-0379-7970], Valverde Vaquero, Pablo María [0000-0002-2184-0848], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Gallastegui Suárez, Gloria [0000-0002-2665-3072], Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto [0000-0002-7659-9908], Beranoaguirre de Miguel, Aratz [0000-0002-1137-6498], Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier, Martín Parra, L.M., Díez Fernández, Rubén, Valverde Vaquero, Pablo María, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Hacar, M. P., Iglesias García, Justo, Gallastegui Suárez, Gloria, Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto, and Beranoaguirre de Miguel, Aratz

Abstract

[EN] The earliest tectonometamorphic record of tectonic slices incorporated to the base of an orogen holds the key to understand how an orogen is built. The tectonic pile of the NW Iberian section of the Variscan Orogen includes tectonic slices separated by crustal-scale thrusts. The earliest tectonometamorphic record in the uppermost parautochthon is calculated at 11–14 kbar and 450–500°C (P-T gradient about 13°C/km), suggesting a subduction-related metamorphic recrystallization at lower pressure than the overlying Lower Allochthon. Early conditions calculated in the autochthon (9–10 kbar and 425–450°C; 16°C/km) point to a relatively ‘cold’ collisional setting. Higher thermal gradients obtained from some sections of the autochthon (11–12 kbar and 700–725°C; 21°C/km) and the Lower Parautochthon (7.5 kbar and 550–700°C; 24–31°C/km), correspond to more advanced and ‘hot’ stages of collision. New U–Pb monazite geochronology indicates a 318–311 Ma age for the final formation of HT domes in the region. We propose the rapid decrease in P-T gradient (from <10 to 16°C/km) documents a fail to sustain further burial along a regular subduction zone. We consider the subsequent increase in the geothermal gradient (from 16 to 31°C/km) as the culmination of previous crustal accretion and the onset of crustal underthrusting and later processes in a collisional stage. We propose these switches in the early tectonometamorphic record of individual tectonic slices as potential markers to track the transition from subduction to collision in collisional orogens.

Published
2024

2. Intensive variables in the Golpejas rare metal granite and their implications for ore mineralization

Author

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Sánchez García, Teresa [0000-0001-5826-420X], Timón Sánchez, Susana María [0000-0001-5919-6691], López Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Llorens, Teresa, Sánchez García, Teresa, Timón Sánchez, Susana María, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Sánchez García, Teresa [0000-0001-5826-420X], Timón Sánchez, Susana María [0000-0001-5919-6691], López Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Llorens, Teresa, Sánchez García, Teresa, and Timón Sánchez, Susana María

Abstract

[EN] Rare-metal albite granites are a "rara avis" because they are rare in nature, contain critical minerals that are highly valued today, and are absent or very rare in other granites (e. g., columbite group minerals, cassiterite, beryl, topaz, aluminum phosphates, fluorite, lithium minerals), and their genesis is much less understood than that of other granites. One of the least well-known features is the conditions under which these unique magmas consolidate at their emplacement sites, and what role these conditions play in the formation of ore mineralization. This paper addresses these questions for one of the most important Spanish rare metal granites, the Golpejas granite.

Published
2023

3. Metales Críticos: a tool for processing geochemical and chemical mineralogical data and obtaining geothermobarometric constraints in granites and rare-metal granites

Author

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Sánchez García, Teresa [0000-0001-5826-420X], Timón Sánchez, Susana María [0000-0001-5919-6691], López Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Llorens, Teresa, Sánchez García, Teresa, Timón Sánchez, Susana María, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Sánchez García, Teresa [0000-0001-5826-420X], Timón Sánchez, Susana María [0000-0001-5919-6691], López Moro, Francisco Javier, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Llorens, Teresa, Sánchez García, Teresa, and Timón Sánchez, Susana María

Abstract

[EN] METALESCRITICOS is presented, a database that allows the processing of geochemical and mineralogical data normally used by petrologists and mineralogists in their daily work, especially those working on granites and rare metal granites. Its ease of use and the range of functions and calculations it performs, some of which are tedious and error-prone, make it an indispensable tool.

Published
2023

4. Zircon and monazite texture and composition as fingerprints to establish their provenance in rare metal granite ore concentrates

Author

European Commission, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (España), Sánchez García, Teresa [0000-0001-5826-420X], Ordóñez Casado, Berta [0000-0001-8198-298X], Timón Sánchez, Susana María [0000-0001-5919-6691], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Llorens, Teresa, Sánchez García, Teresa, López Moro, Francisco Javier, Ordóñez Casado, Berta, Timón Sánchez, Susana María, Díez Montes, Alejandro, European Commission, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (España), Sánchez García, Teresa [0000-0001-5826-420X], Ordóñez Casado, Berta [0000-0001-8198-298X], Timón Sánchez, Susana María [0000-0001-5919-6691], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Llorens, Teresa, Sánchez García, Teresa, López Moro, Francisco Javier, Ordóñez Casado, Berta, Timón Sánchez, Susana María, and Díez Montes, Alejandro

Abstract

[EN] The Penouta mine is currently the only active mine in Europe where Ta and Nb concentrates are obtained as a coproduct of Sn concentrates. After several years reprocessing the old tailings dumps, the company Strategic Minerals Spain S.L. (SMS) obtained in 2022 the mining concession license of the primary deposit, consisting of an albitic leucogranite with Sn-Ta-Nb mineralization (Llorens González et al., 2017). The flowsheet of the processing plant mainly consists of classification, gravimetric concentration and high-intensity magnetic separation to obtain Sn and Ta-Nb concentrates (Nava et al., 2020). In addition to Sn and Ta-Nb oxides, other highly accessory heavy minerals are also concentrated, such as zircon and monazite, for which there is still little information. This contribution aims to show preliminary textural and compositional variations of these non-ore minerals, which can be useful to determine its granitic or mineralized metamorphic host provenance.

Published
2023

5. Time-space evolution of Iberian Pyrite Belt igneous activity: volcanic and plutonic lineaments, geochronology, ore horizons and stratigraphic constraints

Author

European Commission, Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Portugal), Albardeiro, Luís [0000-0002-3826-260X], Pereira, Z. [0000-0003-3056-6219], Mendes, Márcia [0000-0003-2290-891X], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Inverno, C. [0000-0002-0806-5330], Albardeiro, Luís, Morais, I., Matos, J. X., Sola, Rita, Salgueiro, R., Pereira, Z., Mendes, Márcia, Batista, M. J., Oliveira, D. de, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Inverno, C., Pacheco, Nelson, Araújo, Vítor, European Commission, Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Portugal), Albardeiro, Luís [0000-0002-3826-260X], Pereira, Z. [0000-0003-3056-6219], Mendes, Márcia [0000-0003-2290-891X], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Inverno, C. [0000-0002-0806-5330], Albardeiro, Luís, Morais, I., Matos, J. X., Sola, Rita, Salgueiro, R., Pereira, Z., Mendes, Márcia, Batista, M. J., Oliveira, D. de, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Inverno, C., Pacheco, Nelson, and Araújo, Vítor

Abstract

[EN] The volcanism in the Iberian Pyrite Belt migrated from the present day west/southwest to the east/northeast during Devonian/Carboniferous times. Evidence is here discussed based in U-Pb zircon ages of felsic volcanic and plutonic rocks, bounded by enclosed sediments and their biostratigraphic ages, together with hosted massive sulphides deposits and associated plutonic counterparts. Volcano-Sedimentary Complex rocks define several volcanic axes, or lineaments, with the general NW-SE to WNW-ESE belt trending orientation. The usage of all the available data from high-resolution stratigraphy, geology and geophysics lead to establishment of eleven main volcanic axes, nine with zircon U-Pb radiometric ages (166 samples). In this research, we reinforce a previous inter-axes volcanic evolutionary trend, but we also suggest an intra-axis evolutionary trend of the IPB igneous activity with time. This means the basin igneous activity also evolved along most of the volcanic and plutonic lineaments, from west/northwest to east/southeast. Successive weighted average ages for each axis (SW to NE) and opposite end-point sample ages for each axis (NW/W to SE/E) are presented. Similar trends are found with felsic volcanic rocks, subvolcanic and plutonic rocks and even massive sulphide ages correspond to the regional trend corroborating the proposed geological framework. Siliciclastic sediments and lower VSC sequences (sediments, felsic volcanic rocks and massive sulphides) show a comparable age trending evolution although upper VSC sediments seem to be contemporaneous across the province. Older ages, from zircon U-Pb and from associated reworked palynomorph in the sediments, show a long-lasting age distribution along most Devonian times, suggesting the IPB evolved since Lochkovian times (Lower Devonian). Therefore, we propose the IPB inter-axes evolution could be related with a NE-direction plate motion (present-day location) over a heat source, while intra-axes are probably du

Published
2023

6. Mapa Geológico de España a escala 1:200.000 nº 18 (Ponferrada)

Author

Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto [0000-0002-7659-9908], Toyos Sáenz de Miera, José María [/0000-0002-3806-7142], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], González Menéndez, Luis [0000-0002-7955-772X], Heredia, Nemesio [0000-0001-5382-9312], Gallastegui Suárez, Gloria [0000-0002-2665-3072], Martín Parra, L.M. [0000-0003-2816-5299], Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier [0000-0001-6154-6590], Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto, Toyos Sáenz de Miera, José María, Díez Montes, Alejandro, González Menéndez, Luis, Heredia, Nemesio, Gallastegui Suárez, Gloria, Martín Parra, L.M., Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier, Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto [0000-0002-7659-9908], Toyos Sáenz de Miera, José María [/0000-0002-3806-7142], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], González Menéndez, Luis [0000-0002-7955-772X], Heredia, Nemesio [0000-0001-5382-9312], Gallastegui Suárez, Gloria [0000-0002-2665-3072], Martín Parra, L.M. [0000-0003-2816-5299], Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier [0000-0001-6154-6590], Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto, Toyos Sáenz de Miera, José María, Díez Montes, Alejandro, González Menéndez, Luis, Heredia, Nemesio, Gallastegui Suárez, Gloria, Martín Parra, L.M., and Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier

Published
2023

7. Outlook on Spanish Nb-Ta mineralization and exploration potential (FRAME project’s WP6)

Author

European Commission, Timón Sánchez, Susana María [0000-0001-5919-6691], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], García Crespo, Jesús [0000-0002-1149-2827], Mediato Arribas, José Francisco [0000-0002-4333-1163], Sánchez García, Teresa [0000-0001-5826-420X], Valverde Vaquero, Pablo María [0000-0002-2184-0848], Timón Sánchez, Susana María, Díez Montes, Alejandro, García Crespo, Jesús, Sánchez García, Teresa, Valverde Vaquero, Pablo María, Mediato Arribas, José Francisco, European Commission, Timón Sánchez, Susana María [0000-0001-5919-6691], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], García Crespo, Jesús [0000-0002-1149-2827], Mediato Arribas, José Francisco [0000-0002-4333-1163], Sánchez García, Teresa [0000-0001-5826-420X], Valverde Vaquero, Pablo María [0000-0002-2184-0848], Timón Sánchez, Susana María, Díez Montes, Alejandro, García Crespo, Jesús, Sánchez García, Teresa, Valverde Vaquero, Pablo María, and Mediato Arribas, José Francisco

Abstract

[EN] Project FRAME (Forecasting and Assessing Europe’s Strategic Raw Materials Needs) is designed to research the critical raw materials and strategic minerals in Europe. Work package 6 (WP6) focuses on the study of niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta), two critical metals with unique properties that make them essential components in a range of applications and products including electronics and superalloys. One of WP6’s objectives is to carry out a study of Nb-Ta mineralization across Europe with the aim of increasing interest in mineral exploration.

Published
2022

8. Geological mapping as a tool for scientific research: Group of Geological, Geomorphological and 4D Geology Cartography of Mountain Ranges and Basins

Author

Díez Fernández, Rubén [0000-0002-0379-7970], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Heredia, N. [0000-0001-5382-9312], Montes Santiago, Manuel Jesús [0000-0003-1036-458], Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto [0000-0002-7659-9908], Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier [0000-0001-6154-6590], Robador Moreno, Alejandro, Díez Fernández, Rubén, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Gonzalo Guerra, Brais, Heredia, Nemesio, Mancebo Mancebo, María Jesús, Montes Santiago, Manuel Jesús, Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto, Romero Canencia, Gloria, Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier, Díez Fernández, Rubén [0000-0002-0379-7970], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Heredia, N. [0000-0001-5382-9312], Montes Santiago, Manuel Jesús [0000-0003-1036-458], Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto [0000-0002-7659-9908], Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier [0000-0001-6154-6590], Robador Moreno, Alejandro, Díez Fernández, Rubén, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Gonzalo Guerra, Brais, Heredia, Nemesio, Mancebo Mancebo, María Jesús, Montes Santiago, Manuel Jesús, Rodríguez Fernández, Luis Roberto, Romero Canencia, Gloria, and Rubio Pascual, Francisco Javier

Abstract

[EN] The GI-CARTO research group is articulated around geological mapping as a research methodology developed in many projects. The activities of the team can be distributed in various working lines: 1.-Research activities devoted to the solving of specific geological problems 2.-Systematic geological mapping 3.-Implementation of a new geological information model 4.-Edition and preparation of new geological maps 5.-International activitie

Published
2022

9. Strategic raw materials for the energy and digital transition in Spain

Author

Sánchez García, Teresa [0000-0001-5826-420X], Martínez Orio, Roberto [0000-0003-1778-617X], Timón Sánchez, Susana María [0000-0001-5919-6691], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Boixereu Vila, Ester [0000-0001-9435-1597], Adánez Sanjuán, Paula [0000-0002-6497-5208], García Crespo, Jesús [0000-0002-1149-2827], Sánchez García, Teresa, Martínez Orio, Roberto, Timón Sánchez, Susana María, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Trío Maseda, Montserrat, Llorens, Teresa, Boixereu Vila, Ester, Fernández Leyva, Concepción, Fernández Suárez, Jorge, Martín Méndez, Iván, Adánez Sanjuán, Paula, García Crespo, Jesús, Delgado Arenas, Pedro, Sánchez García, Teresa [0000-0001-5826-420X], Martínez Orio, Roberto [0000-0003-1778-617X], Timón Sánchez, Susana María [0000-0001-5919-6691], Díez Montes, Alejandro [0000-0003-3215-9174], Boixereu Vila, Ester [0000-0001-9435-1597], Adánez Sanjuán, Paula [0000-0002-6497-5208], García Crespo, Jesús [0000-0002-1149-2827], Sánchez García, Teresa, Martínez Orio, Roberto, Timón Sánchez, Susana María, Díez Montes, Alejandro, Trío Maseda, Montserrat, Llorens, Teresa, Boixereu Vila, Ester, Fernández Leyva, Concepción, Fernández Suárez, Jorge, Martín Méndez, Iván, Adánez Sanjuán, Paula, García Crespo, Jesús, and Delgado Arenas, Pedro

Abstract

[EN] One of the main concerns of the European Commission is critical raw materials (CRM), necessary for daily life in a wide range of goods and applications. The EU's industry and economy depend on international markets for many important raw materials, which are produced and supplied by third countries. These CRMs are closely linked to clean technologies, technological progress and quality of life. Concern about access to CRMs led the European Commission to draw up a first list of critical raw materials (CRM) in 2011, and to schedule its review and update every three years, the last being in 2020.

Published
2022

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