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This article examines the significance of Indian Sandalwood in global conservation efforts, aligning with international frameworks such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. It addresses the challenges of over-harvesting and smuggling that have resulted in the species being classified as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN. The article highlights initiatives focused on seedling production and plantations as potential solutions for Sandalwood conservation. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable harvesting practices to ensure the species' survival and promote a harmonious coexistence between human activities and biodiversity preservation. The article acknowledges the support of the Kerala Forest Department in India and the University Institute of Technology of Corsica in France. [Extracted from the article]

Lilium polyphyllum D.Don ex Royle is a critically endangered medicinal herb of Himalaya. Seeds have epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy, and in the field a minimum of 34 weeks is required for root emergence. To date, treatments to decrease the time for root protrusion and seed storage behaviour have not been determined. We evaluated the effects of plant growth regulators and nitrogenous compounds as well as seed scarification on root emergence, and determined the storage behaviour of seeds. Root emergence at 20 [degree]C was significantly increased by 100 ppm of indole butyric acid (IBA), KN[O.sub.3], and thiourea, and by the application of NaOCl solution for 30 min. The mean germination time was significantly decreased by 50 ppm of gibberellic acid (G[A.sub.3]; 28 days) compared with 100 ppm G[A.sub.3] (36 days). After 12 months of dry storage, the viability of seeds (TTC method) at room temperature (10-35 [degree]C), 0-4 [degree]C, and -20[+ or -]1[degree]Cwas 95%, 100%, and 100%, respectively; thus, the seeds have orthodox storage behaviour. Our recommendation for seedling production is to store the seeds at room temperature until they can be sown under warm wet conditions. Roots emerge after about 8 weeks, and then seeds should be given a 2-week cold moist treatment to break shoot dormancy. After 2 weeks of cold, transfer the seeds to warm (20 [degree]C) spring temperature conditions to promote growth.Keywords: conservation, critically endangered, seed dormancy, seed storage, seedling production.Lilium polyphyllum D.Don ex Royle est une herbe medicinale de l'Himalaya en voie de disparition. Les graines presentent un axe epicotyle soumis a une dormance morphophysiologique et, sur le terrain, un minimum de 34 semaines est necessaire a l'emergence des racines. Jusqu'a present, les traitements permettant de diminuer le temps requis a la protrusion des racines, de meme que la reponse des semences a l'entreposage n'ont pas ete determines. Les auteurs ont evalue les effets de regulateurs de la croissance des plantes, de composes azotes, et de la scarification des graines sur l'emergence des racines, et ils ont determine la reponse des semences a l'entreposage. L'emergence des racines a 20 [degree]C etait significativement accrue par 100 ppm d'acide indole butyrique, de KN[O.sub.3] et de thio-uree, et par l'application d'une solution de NaOCl pendant 30 minutes. Le temps moyen de germination etait significativement diminue par 50 ppm d'acide gibberellique (G[A.sub.3]) (28 jours) comparativement a 100 ppm de G[A.sub.3] (36 jours). Apres 12 mois d'entreposage au sec, la viabilite des graines (selon la methode au TTC) a la temperature de la piece (10-35 [degree]C), a 0-4 [degree]C et a -20 [degree]C[+ or -]1[degree]C etait de 95 %, 100 % et 100 %, respectivement; ainsi, les semences ont une reponse orthodoxe a l'entreposage. Leur recommandation pour la production de semis est d'entreposer les semences a la temperature de la piece jusqu'a ce qu'elles puissent etre ensemencees dans des conditions humides et chaudes. Les racines emergent apres environ huit semaines, apres quoi les semences doivent etre placees pendant deux semaines dans une humidite froide afin de faire sortir les semis de la dormance. Apres deux semaines au froid, il s'agit de transferer les semences a des temperatures printanieres chaudes (20 [degree]C) pour favoriser leur croissance. [Traduit par la Redaction]Mots-cles : conservation, en voie de disparition, dormance des semences, entreposage des graines, production de semis., IntroductionSeed germination and seedling establishment are critical stages in the life cycle of plants growing in their natural habitats (Fenner and Thompson 2005; Baskin and Baskin 2014) and have great [...]

Societal Impact Statement: India is credited with 2603 tree species, and the Global Tree Assessment confirmed that 469 of these species are threatened with extinction. Urgent restoration and conservation efforts are required to prevent the loss of tree diversity. The present study is the first published attempt to reintroduce Buchanania barberi, a Critically Endangered tree endemic to the south Western Ghats (UNESCO World Heritage Site) of Kerala, India, which has only two surviving mature individuals. The techniques and approaches applied here may provide guidance for implementing translocation programmes for this rare species and also for other International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Listed species of the genus globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lilium polyphyllum D.Don ex Royle belonging to family Liliaceae is a medicinal plant distributed in temperate to high altitude regions of Himalaya. Its bulbs have been used for anti-aging and vitality properties in >30 formulations of Ayurveda. Therefore, the knowledge on various traits of the plant is necessary so that quality of the finished products could be maintained. Present study investigates, morphological, biochemical and antioxidant properties in different populations of L. polyphyllum. A significant variation was recorded in different morphological parameters (Plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, bulb diameter, bulb fresh weight). Variation was also recorded for total soluble protein (7.81-11.35 mg/g), soluble sugar (96.14-116.14 mg/g), starch (116.37-122.43 mg/g) and total free amino acid (18.22-26.00 mg/g). Antioxidant properties in the bulb were determined and ABTS activity was 4.22 mM/100 g, DPPH activity recorded 0.85 mM/100 g and FRAP activity was 1.50 mM/100 g dw ascorbic acid equivalent, respectively. The diversity in wild populations of the species may serve as a baseline data for future breeding, domestication and conservation program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP) and its conservation efforts in China. PSESP species are defined as having less than 5,000 mature individuals in the wild and less than 500 individuals in each population. China has effectively conserved around 100 PSESP species through its Ecological Conservation Red Lines scheme, which protects areas of ecological importance. The article also highlights the first International Training Course on Conservation and Utilization Techniques of PSESP, which took place in China and included participants from various Asian countries. The course aimed to share knowledge and strategies for local conservation efforts across Asia. [Extracted from the article]

The traditional honey wine is a ceremonial drink made locally in Ethiopia and Eritrea. The drink is known as Tej in Amharic (a widely spoken language in Ethiopia) and Mess in Tigrigna (a widely spoken language in Eritrea). It is consumed mostly during social and religious ceremonies, albeit sold in honey wine bars. It is easy to prepare with varied tastes by local people from its main components; honey, chopped stems of Rhamnus prinoides or roots of R. staddo and water. Honey and the shrubs used for the preparation of the wine are recognized for their medicinal importance worldwide. Particularly, after the isolation of geshoidin, a bitter glycoside from R. prinoides, that is currently being investigated for its role in providing novel-pharmacological leads for Alzheimer's treatment. On the other hand, R. staddo has been investigated for potential antimalarial candidate. These with other beneficial metabolites from the shrubs call for a wider investigation into the medicinal benefits of the honey wine. Furthermore, considering its declining consumption, limited efforts to preserve the indigenous knowledge of preparing the drink and lack of adequate promotion, further research is needed to lead into the sustainability of drink for generations and its global usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field survey conducted to understand habitat, distribution, population structure and conservation status of Lilium polyphyllum. Three populations (total 649 individuals) are in decline because of habitat degradation, agriculture invasion and over exploitation. Our finding confirmed critically endangered status of the species, although with new criteria. We recommended integrated conservation plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many worldwide strategies and efforts have been made to tackle the menace of tobacco use and related morbidity and mortality. On similar lines, Government of India enacted a law in 2003, Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA, 2003). Aims & Objectives: To measure compliance to Section 5 & 6(a) of COTPA, 2003. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional survey at 432 Point of Sale (POS) across Ahmedabad city using random sampling technique. Results: Only 15.3% of the POS had complied with the size of their main display Board (MDB). Around one third (34%) of the shops had displayed the prescribed warning message on their MDB. More than half (53%) of the shops did not display any tobacco advertisement. The proportion of shops with no backlit/illumination MDBs was 30.3%. None of the POS complied with Section 6(a). More than a quarter of the POS (28%) were partial tobacco vendors. Proportion of mobile tobacco vendors was 22.9%. Conclusion: There has been a gross violation of Sections 5 & 6(a) of COTPA, 2003 across a majority of POS. This kind of laxity in compliance portrays a grim scenario of tobacco control and thus calls for immediate redressal by all the stakeholders involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]