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Background:The choice of distal femur locking plate in distal femur fractures has been a topic of debate. This study was performed to evaluate theresults of distal femur locking plate in distal femur fractures. Material and Methods:A prospective randomized study of 30 patients with distalfemur fracture was conducted at Department of Orthopaedics, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana(Ambala), Haryana from January 2020 to July 2021 and followed up from 6months to 18 months for a minimum of 6 months duration. Implants used:The distal femur locking compression plate. Classification system: AO Classification. Results & Observations:Clinical and functional outcomes were assessed using Rasmussens functional knee score.Complications of fractures and operative treatment were assessed. The results of entire study group showed 18 excellent, 10 good, 1 fair and 1 poor. Conclusion:We observed and recommend that the distal femur LCP is an optimal tool of good fixation for fractures of distal femur.

Introduction: Trochanteric fractures are among the most common injuries which are usually resulting from minimal to moderate physical trauma to areas of bone signicantly weakened by osteoporosis. The greatest problems for the orthopaedic surgeon to treating the unstable trochanteric fracture and the complications (implant failure, varus collapse, non-union) occur from xation that result of instability. The implants have evolved from extramedullary implants like dynamic hip screw to the intramedullary types of PFNA2 nail. 50 patients were included in our study from July 2019 to July 2021. 25 patient Material And Methods : s were treated with PFNA2 (Group I) and 25 patients with PFN (Group II) Nails. Mean blood loss during surgery was 153.8±10.92 Results : & 201.6±38.48 in group I & group II respectively and the mean duration of surgery in group I and group II was 65.24+6.57 min and 85.44 + 11.08 min respectively. Conclusion : We concluded that use of helical blade PFN is certainly better in 31A2.2 and 31A3.3 type of fracture than screw PFN.

Marine pollution control is a sensitive topic, which has gained importance recently due to crude oil spills which in turn has led to many recent international legal developments. This paper examines the effectiveness of international marine laws in imputing liability and calculating damages where more than one nation is affected. The main international agreements covering the international marine laws are International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) succeeding the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (OILPOL) and the Civil Liability Convention both of which came into force in 1978 and 1975 respectively. This paper examines complications of trans-boundary oil spillage, leading to damages to marine life and its subsequent action a nation needs to take, in response. The damage caused has also to be judged along with the interests of the other affected nations. The author concludes by proposing a model wherein a tribunal has be constituted under the IMO, which has the appropriate jurisdiction to take up the matter and award appropriate punishments and financial implications to the defaulting party.