104 results on '"Dhillon RS"'
Search Results
2. Quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during manual facemask ventilation
- Author
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Shrimpton, AJ, Brown, JM, Gregson, FKA, Cook, TM, Scott, DA, McGain, F, Humphries, RS, Dhillon, RS, Reid, JP, Hamilton, F, Bzdek, BR, Pickering, AE, Shrimpton, AJ, Brown, JM, Gregson, FKA, Cook, TM, Scott, DA, McGain, F, Humphries, RS, Dhillon, RS, Reid, JP, Hamilton, F, Bzdek, BR, and Pickering, AE more...
- Abstract
Manual facemask ventilation, a core component of elective and emergency airway management, is classified as an aerosol-generating procedure. This designation is based on one epidemiological study suggesting an association between facemask ventilation and transmission during the SARS-CoV-1 outbreak in 2003. There is no direct evidence to indicate whether facemask ventilation is a high-risk procedure for aerosol generation. We conducted aerosol monitoring during routine facemask ventilation and facemask ventilation with an intentionally generated leak in anaesthetised patients. Recordings were made in ultraclean operating theatres and compared against the aerosol generated by tidal breathing and cough manoeuvres. Respiratory aerosol from tidal breathing in 11 patients was reliably detected above the very low background particle concentrations with median [IQR (range)] particle counts of 191 (77-486 [4-1313]) and 2 (1-5 [0-13]) particles.l-1 , respectively, p = 0.002. The median (IQR [range]) aerosol concentration detected during facemask ventilation without a leak (3 (0-9 [0-43]) particles.l-1 ) and with an intentional leak (11 (7-26 [1-62]) particles.l-1 ) was 64-fold (p = 0.001) and 17-fold (p = 0.002) lower than that of tidal breathing, respectively. Median (IQR [range]) peak particle concentration during facemask ventilation both without a leak (60 (0-60 [0-120]) particles.l-1 ) and with a leak (120 (60-180 [60-480]) particles.l-1 ) were 20-fold (p = 0.002) and 10-fold (0.001) lower than a cough (1260 (800-3242 [100-3682]) particles.l-1 ), respectively. This study demonstrates that facemask ventilation, even when performed with an intentional leak, does not generate high levels of bioaerosol. On the basis of this evidence, we argue facemask ventilation should not be considered an aerosol-generating procedure. more...
- Published
- 2022
Catalog
3. Chemical Transformations of Carotol and its Effect on the Pollen Tube Growth of Pisum sativum
- Author
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Jyotsna and Dhillon, RS
- Published
- 2009
4. Confirming estimates of aerosol clearance time
- Author
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Scott, DA, Humphries, RS, Dhillon, RS, Scott, DA, Humphries, RS, and Dhillon, RS
- Published
- 2021
5. Aerosolisation in endonasal endoscopic pituitary surgery
- Author
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Dhillon, RS, Nguyen, L, Abu Rowin, W, Humphries, RS, Kevin, K, Ward, JD, Yule, A, Phan, TD, Zhao, YC, Wynne, D, McNeill, PM, Hutchins, N, Scott, DA, Dhillon, RS, Nguyen, L, Abu Rowin, W, Humphries, RS, Kevin, K, Ward, JD, Yule, A, Phan, TD, Zhao, YC, Wynne, D, McNeill, PM, Hutchins, N, and Scott, DA more...
- Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the particle size, concentration, airborne duration and spread during endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery in actual patients in a theatre setting. METHODS: This observational study recruited a convenience sample of three patients. Procedures were performed in a positive pressure operating room. Particle image velocimetry and spectrometry with air sampling were used for aerosol detection. RESULTS: Intubation and extubation generated small particles (< 5 µm) in mean concentrations 12 times greater than background noise (p < 0.001). The mean particle concentrations during endonasal access were 4.5 times greater than background (p = 0.01). Particles were typically large (> 75 µm), remained airborne for up to 10 s and travelled up to 1.1 m. Use of a microdebrider generated mean aerosol concentrations 18 times above baseline (p = 0.005). High-speed drilling did not produce aerosols greater than baseline. Pituitary tumour resection generated mean aerosol concentrations less than background (p = 0.18). Surgical drape removal generated small and large particles in mean concentrations 6.4 times greater than background (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Intubation and extubation generate large amounts of small particles that remain suspended in air for long durations and disperse through theatre. Endonasal access and pituitary tumour resection generate smaller concentrations of larger particles which are airborne for shorter periods and travel shorter distances. more...
- Published
- 2021
6. On the differences between studies of aerosolisation during tracheal intubation and extubation
- Author
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Dhillon, RS, Humphries, RS, Scott, DA, Dhillon, RS, Humphries, RS, and Scott, DA
- Published
- 2021
7. Aerosolisation during tracheal intubation and extubation in an operating theatre setting
- Author
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Dhillon, RS, Rowin, WA, Humphries, RS, Kevin, K, Ward, JD, Phan, TD, Nguyen, LV, Wynne, DD, Scott, DA, Dhillon, RS, Rowin, WA, Humphries, RS, Kevin, K, Ward, JD, Phan, TD, Nguyen, LV, Wynne, DD, and Scott, DA more...
- Abstract
Aerosol-generating procedures such as tracheal intubation and extubation pose a potential risk to healthcare workers because of the possibility of airborne transmission of infection. Detailed characterisation of aerosol quantities, particle size and generating activities has been undertaken in a number of simulations but not in actual clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether the processes of facemask ventilation, tracheal intubation and extubation generate aerosols in clinical practice, and to characterise any aerosols produced. In this observational study, patients scheduled to undergo elective endonasal pituitary surgery without symptoms of COVID-19 were recruited. Airway management including tracheal intubation and extubation was performed in a standard positive pressure operating room with aerosols detected using laser-based particle image velocimetry to detect larger particles, and spectrometry with continuous air sampling to detect smaller particles. A total of 482,960 data points were assessed for complete procedures in three patients. Facemask ventilation, tracheal tube insertion and cuff inflation generated small particles 30-300 times above background noise that remained suspended in airflows and spread from the patient's facial region throughout the confines of the operating theatre. Safe clinical practice of these procedures should reflect these particle profiles. This adds to data that inform decisions regarding the appropriate precautions to take in a real-world setting. more...
- Published
- 2021
8. Nasal preparation with local anesthetic should be considered an aerosol-generating procedure
- Author
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Dhillon, RS, Nguyen, LV, Rowin, WA, Humphries, RS, Kevin, K, Ward, JD, Yule, A, Phan, TD, Wynne, D, McNeill, PM, Hutchins, N, Scott, DA, Zhao, YC, Dhillon, RS, Nguyen, LV, Rowin, WA, Humphries, RS, Kevin, K, Ward, JD, Yule, A, Phan, TD, Wynne, D, McNeill, PM, Hutchins, N, Scott, DA, and Zhao, YC more...
- Published
- 2021
9. Synoptic reporting of pituitary magnetic resonance imaging
- Author
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Dhillon, RS, King, JA, Goldschlager, T, Wang, YY, Dhillon, RS, King, JA, Goldschlager, T, and Wang, YY
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pituitary adenomas are common, often asymptomatic tumours that are diagnosed incidentally by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. There is considerable variation in the reporting of pituitary MRI, in part because there is no consensus as to what information should be included in such reports. Synoptic reporting consists of using structured checklists to standardize communication. It has been adopted in the surgical pathology literature and more recently in the breast imaging field. The purpose of this study was to assess what parameters of a pituitary MRI report were useful to surgeons and in doing so, to propose a synoptic reporting template. METHODS: We used the Delphi technique to obtain group consensus between three neuroradiologists, three otolaryngologists and three anterior skull base neurosurgeons across three tertiary Melbourne hospitals. Answers from the three speciality groups were then converted into numerical scores for analysis. RESULTS: There was statistically significant consensus between specialties over which characteristics were deemed most important. These were T1 pre- and post-contrast sequences in the coronal and sagittal planes, the degree of displacement of the optic chiasm, invasion of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus, the size and pneumatization pattern of the sphenoid sinus and the differential diagnosis of aneurysm. There were also significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: There are similarities and differences between what radiologists, otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons deem as important features when reporting pituitary MRI. A synoptic reporting system template is proposed to improve consistency in pituitary imaging reports. more...
- Published
- 2018
10. Enhanced liver progenitor cell survival and differentiation in vivo by spheroid implantation in a vascularized tissue engineering chamber
- Author
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Yap, KK, Dingle, AM, Palmer, JA, Dhillon, RS, Lokmic, Z, Penington, AJ, Yeoh, GC, Morrison, WA, Mitchell, GM, Yap, KK, Dingle, AM, Palmer, JA, Dhillon, RS, Lokmic, Z, Penington, AJ, Yeoh, GC, Morrison, WA, and Mitchell, GM more...
- Published
- 2013
11. Use of tools for assessing the methodological quality of primary research in leading neurosurgical journals: A review of reviews.
- Author
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Savage AJ, Shafik CG, Savage SA, Catalano JD, Tee JW, Akhlaghi H, Dhillon RS, and O'Donohoe TJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Research Design standards, Systematic Reviews as Topic methods, Neurosurgery standards, Periodicals as Topic standards
- Abstract
Systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) require a comprehensive and reproducible strategy to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. This research-on-research study evaluated the methods used to assess research quality by SRs and MAs published in leading neurosurgical journals, and identified factors associated with the publication of a comprehensive and reproducible assessment. We systematically surveyed SRs published in the 10 leading neurosurgical journals between 01/11/2019 and 31/12/2021. PubMed was used to search the MEDLINE database, which was supplemented by individual journal searches. Included SRs were assessed using a standardised data extraction tool. Descriptive statistics were utilised to identify factors associated with methodological and reporting quality of the tool-based quality assessment. A total of 564 SRs were included in the analysis. 326 (57.80%) included MAs, 165 (29.26%) included at least one Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) and 29 (5.14%) included only RCTs. Scales were the most commonly used tool for methodological quality assessment (32.45%), followed by domain-based tools (24.82%) and checklists (9.93%). The number of included studies was inversely associated with multiple methodological quality assessment metrics. A positive association was observed between the number of included patients and multiple methodological quality assessment metrics. We established that the methodological and reporting quality of tool-based quality assessment requires improvement. This issue is particularly pertinent for SRs limited to non-randomised studies, which account for the vast majority of neurosurgical SRs. We recommend the use of domain-based tools for methodological quality assessment as these provide a more nuanced assessment of methodological quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Enhancing wastewater testing for H5N1 surveillance.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Karan A, and Srikrishna D
- Subjects
- Humans, Wastewater, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza, Human diagnosis
- Abstract
Competing Interests: We declare no competing interests.
- Published
- 2024
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13. The need for point-of-care tests for mpox.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Karan A, Srikrishna D, and Mombouli JV
- Subjects
- Humans, Point-of-Care Systems, Point-of-Care Testing, Mpox, Monkeypox diagnosis
- Published
- 2024
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14. Rhetoric of psychological measurement theory and practice.
- Author
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Slaney KL, Graham ME, Dhillon RS, and Hohn RE
- Abstract
Metascience scholars have long been concerned with tracking the use of rhetorical language in scientific discourse, oftentimes to analyze the legitimacy and validity of scientific claim-making. Psychology, however, has only recently become the explicit target of such metascientific scholarship, much of which has been in response to the recent crises surrounding replicability of quantitative research findings and questionable research practices. The focus of this paper is on the rhetoric of psychological measurement and validity scholarship, in both the theoretical and methodological and empirical literatures. We examine various discourse practices in published psychological measurement and validity literature, including: (a) clear instances of rhetoric (i.e., persuasion or performance); (b) common or rote expressions and tropes (e.g., perfunctory claims or declarations); (c) metaphors and other "literary" styles; and (d) ambiguous, confusing, or unjustifiable claims. The methodological approach we use is informed by a combination of conceptual analysis and exploratory grounded theory, the latter of which we used to identify relevant themes within the published psychological discourse. Examples of both constructive and useful or misleading and potentially harmful discourse practices will be given. Our objectives are both to contribute to the critical methodological literature on psychological measurement and connect metascience in psychology to broader interdisciplinary examinations of science discourse., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Slaney, Graham, Dhillon and Hohn.) more...
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
15. SARS-CoV-2 Reduction in Shared Indoor Air.
- Author
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Srikrishna D, Karan A, and Dhillon RS
- Subjects
- Humans, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor prevention & control, Communicable Disease Control methods, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 virology, Environmental Exposure analysis, Environmental Exposure prevention & control, SARS-CoV-2
- Published
- 2022
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16. SIRT3 deficiency decreases oxidative metabolism capacity but increases lifespan in male mice under caloric restriction.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Qin YA, van Ginkel PR, Fu VX, Vann JM, Lawton AJ, Green CL, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Gobatto CA, Lamming DW, Prolla TA, and Denu JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Mice, Acetylation, Aging metabolism, Mitochondria metabolism, Oxidative Stress genetics, Caloric Restriction, Longevity genetics, Sirtuin 3 genetics, Sirtuin 3 metabolism
- Abstract
Mitochondrial NAD
+ -dependent protein deacetylase Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) has been proposed to mediate calorie restriction (CR)-dependent metabolic regulation and lifespan extension. Here, we investigated the role of SIRT3 in CR-mediated longevity, mitochondrial function, and aerobic fitness. We report that SIRT3 is required for whole-body aerobic capacity but is dispensable for CR-dependent lifespan extension. Under CR, loss of SIRT3 (Sirt3-/- ) yielded a longer overall and maximum lifespan as compared to Sirt3+/+ mice. This unexpected lifespan extension was associated with altered mitochondrial protein acetylation in oxidative metabolic pathways, reduced mitochondrial respiration, and reduced aerobic exercise capacity. Also, Sirt3-/- CR mice exhibit lower spontaneous activity and a trend favoring fatty acid oxidation during the postprandial period. This study shows the uncoupling of lifespan and healthspan parameters (aerobic fitness and spontaneous activity) and provides new insights into SIRT3 function in CR adaptation, fuel utilization, and aging., (© 2022 The Authors. Aging Cell published by Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) more...- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. A New Framework for Investigating the Biological Basis of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 5]: Mechanical Stress, Vulnerability and Time.
- Author
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Davies BM, Mowforth O, Gharooni AA, Tetreault L, Nouri A, Dhillon RS, Bednarik J, Martin AR, Young A, Takahashi H, Boerger TF, Newcombe VF, Zipser CM, Freund P, Koljonen PA, Rodrigues-Pinto R, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Wilson JR, Kurpad SN, Fehlings MG, Kwon BK, Harrop JS, Guest JD, Curt A, and Kotter MRN more...
- Abstract
Study Design: Literature Review (Narrative)., Objective: To propose a new framework, to support the investigation and understanding of the pathobiology of DCM, AO Spine RECODE-DCM research priority number 5., Methods: Degenerative cervical myelopathy is a common and disabling spinal cord disorder. In this perspective, we review key knowledge gaps between the clinical phenotype and our biological models. We then propose a reappraisal of the key driving forces behind DCM and an individual's susceptibility, including the proposal of a new framework., Results: Present pathobiological and mechanistic knowledge does not adequately explain the disease phenotype; why only a subset of patients with visualized cord compression show clinical myelopathy, and the amount of cord compression only weakly correlates with disability. We propose that DCM is better represented as a function of several interacting mechanical forces, such as shear, tension and compression, alongside an individual's vulnerability to spinal cord injury, influenced by factors such as age, genetics, their cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and nervous system status, and time., Conclusion: Understanding the disease pathobiology is a fundamental research priority. We believe a framework of mechanical stress, vulnerability, and time may better represent the disease as a whole. Whilst this remains theoretical, we hope that at the very least it will inspire new avenues of research that better encapsulate the full spectrum of disease. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during manual facemask ventilation.
- Author
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Shrimpton AJ, Brown JM, Gregson FKA, Cook TM, Scott DA, McGain F, Humphries RS, Dhillon RS, Reid JP, Hamilton F, Bzdek BR, and Pickering AE
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cough etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus isolation & purification, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome pathology, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virology, Masks, Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets chemistry
- Abstract
Manual facemask ventilation, a core component of elective and emergency airway management, is classified as an aerosol-generating procedure. This designation is based on one epidemiological study suggesting an association between facemask ventilation and transmission during the SARS-CoV-1 outbreak in 2003. There is no direct evidence to indicate whether facemask ventilation is a high-risk procedure for aerosol generation. We conducted aerosol monitoring during routine facemask ventilation and facemask ventilation with an intentionally generated leak in anaesthetised patients. Recordings were made in ultraclean operating theatres and compared against the aerosol generated by tidal breathing and cough manoeuvres. Respiratory aerosol from tidal breathing in 11 patients was reliably detected above the very low background particle concentrations with median [IQR (range)] particle counts of 191 (77-486 [4-1313]) and 2 (1-5 [0-13]) particles.l
-1 , respectively, p = 0.002. The median (IQR [range]) aerosol concentration detected during facemask ventilation without a leak (3 (0-9 [0-43]) particles.l-1 ) and with an intentional leak (11 (7-26 [1-62]) particles.l-1 ) was 64-fold (p = 0.001) and 17-fold (p = 0.002) lower than that of tidal breathing, respectively. Median (IQR [range]) peak particle concentration during facemask ventilation both without a leak (60 (0-60 [0-120]) particles.l-1 ) and with a leak (120 (60-180 [60-480]) particles.l-1 ) were 20-fold (p = 0.002) and 10-fold (0.001) lower than a cough (1260 (800-3242 [100-3682]) particles.l-1 ), respectively. This study demonstrates that facemask ventilation, even when performed with an intentional leak, does not generate high levels of bioaerosol. On the basis of this evidence, we argue facemask ventilation should not be considered an aerosol-generating procedure., (© 2021 The Authors. Anaesthesia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Anaesthetists.) more...- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The Relative Merits of Posterior Surgical Treatments for Multi-Level Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Remain Uncertain: Findings from a Systematic Review.
- Author
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Yang X, Gharooni AA, Dhillon RS, Goacher E, Dyson EW, Mowforth O, Budu A, Wynne-Jones G, Francis J, Trivedi R, Ivanov M, Ahuja S, Rezajooi K, Demetriades AK, Choi D, Bateman AH, Quraishi N, Kumar V, Tripathi M, Mohindra S, Pereira EA, Critchley G, Fehlings MG, Hutchinson PJA, Davies BM, and Kotter MRN more...
- Abstract
Objectives: To assess the reporting of study design and characteristics in multi-level degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) treated by posterior surgical approaches, and perform a comparison of clinical and radiographic outcomes between different approaches., Methods: A literature search was performed in Embase and MEDLINE between 1995-2019 using a sensitive search string combination. Studies were selected by predefined selection criteria: Full text articles in English, with >10 patients (prospective) or >50 patients (retrospective), reporting outcomes of multi-level DCM treated by posterior surgical approach., Results: A total of 75 studies involving 19,510 patients, conducted worldwide, were identified. Laminoplasty was described in 56 studies (75%), followed by laminectomy with (36%) and without fusion (16%). The majority of studies were conducted in Asia (84%), in the period of 2016-2019 (51%), of which laminoplasty was studied predominantly. Twelve (16%) prospective studies and 63 (84%) retrospective studies were identified. The vast majority of studies were conducted in a single centre (95%) with clear inclusion/exclusion criteria and explicit cause of DCM. Eleven studies (15%) included patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament exclusively with cohorts of 57 to 252. The clinical and radiographic outcomes were reported with heterogeneity when comparing laminoplasty, laminectomy with and without fusion., Conclusions: Heterogeneity in the reporting of study and sample characteristics exists, as well as in clinical and radiographic outcomes, with a paucity of studies with a higher level of evidence. Future studies are needed to elucidate the clinical effectiveness of posterior surgical treatments. more...
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
20. Aerosolisation in endonasal endoscopic pituitary surgery.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Nguyen LV, Rowin WA, Humphries RS, Kevin K, Ward JD, Yule A, Phan TD, Zhao YC, Wynne D, McNeill PM, Hutchins N, and Scott DA
- Subjects
- Airway Extubation adverse effects, Humans, Intubation, Intratracheal adverse effects, Motion, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Occupational Health, Operating Rooms, Particle Size, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Aerosols adverse effects, Endoscopy adverse effects, Pituitary Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Purpose: To determine the particle size, concentration, airborne duration and spread during endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery in actual patients in a theatre setting., Methods: This observational study recruited a convenience sample of three patients. Procedures were performed in a positive pressure operating room. Particle image velocimetry and spectrometry with air sampling were used for aerosol detection., Results: Intubation and extubation generated small particles (< 5 µm) in mean concentrations 12 times greater than background noise (p < 0.001). The mean particle concentrations during endonasal access were 4.5 times greater than background (p = 0.01). Particles were typically large (> 75 µm), remained airborne for up to 10 s and travelled up to 1.1 m. Use of a microdebrider generated mean aerosol concentrations 18 times above baseline (p = 0.005). High-speed drilling did not produce aerosols greater than baseline. Pituitary tumour resection generated mean aerosol concentrations less than background (p = 0.18). Surgical drape removal generated small and large particles in mean concentrations 6.4 times greater than background (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Intubation and extubation generate large amounts of small particles that remain suspended in air for long durations and disperse through theatre. Endonasal access and pituitary tumour resection generate smaller concentrations of larger particles which are airborne for shorter periods and travel shorter distances., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.) more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Nasal preparation with local anesthetic should be considered an aerosol-generating procedure.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Nguyen LV, Rowin WA, Humphries RS, Kevin K, Ward JD, Yule A, Phan TD, Wynne D, McNeill PM, Hutchins N, Scott DA, and Zhao YC
- Subjects
- Aerosols, Endoscopy, Humans, Nasal Cavity, Skull Base, Anesthetics, Local, Skull Base Neoplasms
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Quality of Literature Searches Published in Leading Neurosurgical Journals: A Review of Reviews.
- Author
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O'Donohoe TJ, Bridson TL, Shafik CG, Wynne D, Dhillon RS, and Tee JW
- Subjects
- Humans, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Neurosurgical Procedures, Periodicals as Topic standards, Systematic Reviews as Topic standards
- Abstract
Background: There is mounting evidence that the search strategies upon which systematic reviews (SRs) are based frequently contain errors are incompletely reported or insensitive., Objective: To appraise the quality of search strategies in the 10 leading specialty neurosurgical journals and identify factors associated with superior searches., Methods: This research-on-research study systematically surveyed SRs published in the 10 leading neurosurgical journals between 01/10/2017 and 31/10/2019. All SRs were eligible for assessment using a predefined coding manual that was adapted from the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR), and Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. The PubMed interface was used to search the MEDLINE database, which was supplemented by individual journal searches. Descriptive statistics were utilized to identify factors associated with improved search strategies., Results: A total of 633 articles were included and contained a median of 19.00 (2.00-1654.00) studies. Less than half (45.97%) of included search strategies were considered to be reproducible. Aggregated reporting score was positively associated with in-text reference to reporting guideline adherence (τb = 0.156, P < .01). The number of articles retrieved by a search (τb = 0.11, P < .01) was also associated with the reporting of a reproducible search strategy., Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the search strategies used in neurosurgical SRs require improvement. In addition to increasing awareness of reporting standards, we propose that this be achieved by the incorporation of PRISMA and other guidelines into article submission and peer-review processes. This may lead to the conduct of more informative SRs, which may result in improved clinician decision-making and patient outcomes., (© Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2021.) more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Confirming estimates of aerosol clearance time.
- Author
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Scott DA, Humphries RS, and Dhillon RS
- Subjects
- Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Time, Aerosols adverse effects, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. On the differences between studies of aerosolisation during tracheal intubation and extubation.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Humphries RS, and Scott DA
- Subjects
- Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Aerosols adverse effects, Airway Extubation methods, COVID-19 prevention & control, Intubation, Intratracheal methods
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Aerosolisation during tracheal intubation and extubation in an operating theatre setting.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Rowin WA, Humphries RS, Kevin K, Ward JD, Phan TD, Nguyen LV, Wynne DD, and Scott DA
- Subjects
- Airway Management, Anesthesia, Inhalation, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Particle Size, Personal Protective Equipment, Respiration, Artificial, Aerosols, Airway Extubation, Intubation, Intratracheal, Operating Rooms
- Abstract
Aerosol-generating procedures such as tracheal intubation and extubation pose a potential risk to healthcare workers because of the possibility of airborne transmission of infection. Detailed characterisation of aerosol quantities, particle size and generating activities has been undertaken in a number of simulations but not in actual clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether the processes of facemask ventilation, tracheal intubation and extubation generate aerosols in clinical practice, and to characterise any aerosols produced. In this observational study, patients scheduled to undergo elective endonasal pituitary surgery without symptoms of COVID-19 were recruited. Airway management including tracheal intubation and extubation was performed in a standard positive pressure operating room with aerosols detected using laser-based particle image velocimetry to detect larger particles, and spectrometry with continuous air sampling to detect smaller particles. A total of 482,960 data points were assessed for complete procedures in three patients. Facemask ventilation, tracheal tube insertion and cuff inflation generated small particles 30-300 times above background noise that remained suspended in airflows and spread from the patient's facial region throughout the confines of the operating theatre. Safe clinical practice of these procedures should reflect these particle profiles. This adds to data that inform decisions regarding the appropriate precautions to take in a real-world setting., (© 2020 Association of Anaesthetists.) more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Navigating surgical safety in the COVID-19 crisis.
- Author
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Dhillon RS and Olson S
- Subjects
- Australia epidemiology, COVID-19 diagnosis, Humans, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Infection Control organization & administration, Perioperative Care
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Getting to zero in the DR Congo Ebola outbreak.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Srikrishna D, and Chowell G
- Subjects
- Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemiology, Ebola Vaccines therapeutic use, Ebolavirus isolation & purification, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology, Humans, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola prevention & control, Models, Theoretical, Vaccination statistics & numerical data
- Published
- 2020
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28. The responsibility and potential of public health.
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Dhillon RS and Karan A
- Subjects
- Social Behavior, Public Health, Social Responsibility
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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29. A perpendicular framing for global health.
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Dhillon RS, Karan A, and Marten R
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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30. Cervical Laminectomy With or Without Lateral Mass Instrumentation: A Comparison of Outcomes.
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Kim BS and Dhillon RS
- Subjects
- Biomechanical Phenomena, Cervical Vertebrae physiopathology, Humans, Kyphosis etiology, Spinal Cord Compression physiopathology, Spinal Cord Compression surgery, Spinal Fusion, Treatment Outcome, Cervical Vertebrae surgery, Laminectomy adverse effects
- Abstract
Study Design: Narrative review., Background: Cervical decompressive laminectomy is a common posterior approach for addressing multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. However, there is a concern that cervical laminectomy can lead to kyphotic deformity with subsequent neurological decline. In this context, cervical laminectomy with fusion using lateral mass instrumentation has become increasingly utilized with the aim of reducing the risk of developing postoperative kyphotic deformity, which is thought to predispose to poorer neurological outcomes in the long term., Objective: To compare the evidence for stand-alone cervical laminectomy with laminectomy with posterior fusion in terms of clinical outcomes and the incidence of adverse events, particularly the development of postoperative cervical kyphosis., Material and Methods: Initial Medline search using MeSH terms yielded 226 articles, 23 of which were selected. An additional PubMed search and the reference list of individual papers were utilized to identify the remaining papers of relevance., Results: Cervical laminectomy both with and without fusion offers effective decompression for symptomatic multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The incidence of postlaminectomy kyphosis is lower following posterior fusion; however, there seems to be no clinical-radiologic correlation given that patients who develop postoperative kyphosis often do not progress to clinical myelopathy. Furthermore, there are specific additional risks of posterior instrumentation that need to be considered., Conclusion: In carefully selected patients with normal preoperative cervical sagittal alignment, stand-alone cervical laminectomy may offer acceptably low rates of postoperative kyphosis. In patients with preoperative loss of cervical lordosis and/or kyphosis, posterior fusion is recommended to reduce the risk of progression to postoperative kyphotic deformity, bearing in mind that radiologic evidence of kyphosis may not necessarily correlate with poorer clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the specific risks associated with posterior fusion (instrumentation failure, pseudarthrosis, infection, C5 nerve root palsy, and vertebral artery injury) need to be considered and weighed up against potential benefits. more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Don't throw the fish out with the respirometry water.
- Author
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Regan MD, Mandic M, Dhillon RS, Lau GY, Farrell AP, Schulte PM, Seibel BA, Speers-Roesch B, Ultsch GR, and Richards JG
- Subjects
- Animals, Respiration, Fishes
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Obesity-dependent CDK1 signaling stimulates mitochondrial respiration at complex I in pancreatic β-cells.
- Author
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Gregg T, Sdao SM, Dhillon RS, Rensvold JW, Lewandowski SL, Pagliarini DJ, Denu JM, and Merrins MJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Citric Acid Cycle, Cyclin B1 metabolism, Glucose metabolism, Insulin metabolism, Insulin-Secreting Cells enzymology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, CDC2 Protein Kinase metabolism, Electron Transport Complex I metabolism, Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism, Mitochondria metabolism, Obesity metabolism, Signal Transduction
- Abstract
β-Cell mitochondria play a central role in coupling glucose metabolism with insulin secretion. Here, we identified a metabolic function of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)/cyclin B1-the activation of mitochondrial respiratory complex I-that is active in quiescent adult β-cells and hyperactive in β-cells from obese ( ob / ob ) mice. In WT islets, respirometry revealed that 65% of complex I flux and 49% of state 3 respiration is sensitive to CDK1 inhibition. Islets from ob / ob mice expressed more cyclin B1 and exhibited a higher sensitivity to CDK1 blockade, which reduced complex I flux by 76% and state 3 respiration by 79%. The ensuing reduction in mitochondrial NADH utilization, measured with two-photon NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), was matched in the cytosol by a lag in citrate cycling, as shown with a FRET reporter targeted to β-cells. Moreover, time-resolved measurements revealed that in ob / ob islets, where complex I flux dominates respiration, CDK1 inhibition is sufficient to restrict the duty cycle of ATP/ADP and calcium oscillations, the parameter that dynamically encodes β-cell glucose sensing. Direct complex I inhibition with rotenone mimicked the restrictive effects of CDK1 inhibition on mitochondrial respiration, NADH turnover, ATP/ADP, and calcium influx. These findings identify complex I as a critical mediator of obesity-associated metabolic remodeling in β-cells and implicate CDK1 as a regulator of complex I that enhances β-cell glucose sensing. more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Two data points for gauging outbreak control.
- Author
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Dhillon RS and Srikrishna D
- Subjects
- Humans, Quality Indicators, Health Care, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. When is contact tracing not enough to stop an outbreak?
- Author
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Dhillon RS and Srikrishna D
- Subjects
- Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemiology, Humans, Communicable Disease Control methods, Contact Tracing methods, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Disease Transmission, Infectious prevention & control, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola prevention & control
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Hypoxia induces selective modifications to the acetylome in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
- Author
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Dhillon RS and Richards JG
- Subjects
- Acetylation, Animals, Proteomics, Hypoxia metabolism, Nerve Tissue Proteins metabolism, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Zebrafish metabolism, Zebrafish Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Reversible protein acetylation is an important regulatory mechanism for modulating protein function. The cellular protein acetylome is in large part dictated by the cellular redox balance, and in particular [NAD
+ ]. While the relationship between hypoxia, redox balance, energy charge and resulting mitochondrial dysfunction has been examined in the context of hypoxia-linked pathologies, little is known about the direct effects of decreases in environmental oxygen on reversible lysine acetylation, and the resulting modifications to mitochondrial metabolism. To address this knowledge gap, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to 16 h of hypoxia (2.21 kPa) and quantified acetylation levels of 1220 proteins using whole-cell proteomics in samples of brain taken from normoxic and hypoxic zebrafish. In addition, we examined the effects of hypoxia on cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox status, whole-cell energetics, the activity of the mitochondrial NAD+ -dependent deacetylase SIRT3, and electron transport chain complex activities to determine if there is an association between hypoxia-induced metabolic disturbances, protein acetylation, and mitochondrial function. Our results (1) reveal several key changes in the acetylation status of proteins in the brain, primarily within the mitochondria; (2) show significant fluctuations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox status within the brain during hypoxia exposure; and (3) provide evidence that lysine acetylation may be related to large changes in electron transport and ATP-synthase complex activities and adenylate status in zebrafish exposed to hypoxic stress. Together, these data provide new insights into the role of protein modifications in mitochondrial metabolism during hypoxia., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Deploying RDTs in the DRC Ebola outbreak.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Srikrishna D, and Kelly JD
- Subjects
- Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemiology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola prevention & control, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola transmission, Humans, Point-of-Care Systems, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Disease Outbreaks, Early Diagnosis, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola diagnosis, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Beyond vaccines: improving survival rates in the DRC Ebola outbreak.
- Author
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Kelly JD, Mukadi P, and Dhillon RS
- Subjects
- Delivery of Health Care economics, Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemiology, Ebola Vaccines administration & dosage, Ebolavirus, Humans, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Ebola Vaccines pharmacology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology, Survival Rate trends
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Early detection of Lassa fever: the need for point-of-care diagnostics.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Srikrishna D, and Garry RF
- Subjects
- Cohort Studies, Humans, Nigeria, Point-of-Care Systems, Retrospective Studies, Lassa Fever
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Synoptic reporting of pituitary magnetic resonance imaging.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, King JA, Goldschlager T, and Wang YY
- Subjects
- Adenoma pathology, Australia, Consensus, Delphi Technique, Female, Humans, Male, Neurosurgeons standards, Otolaryngologists standards, Pituitary Neoplasms pathology, Radiologists standards, Research Design, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tertiary Care Centers, Adenoma diagnostic imaging, Checklist, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Pituitary Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Background: Pituitary adenomas are common, often asymptomatic tumours that are diagnosed incidentally by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. There is considerable variation in the reporting of pituitary MRI, in part because there is no consensus as to what information should be included in such reports. Synoptic reporting consists of using structured checklists to standardize communication. It has been adopted in the surgical pathology literature and more recently in the breast imaging field. The purpose of this study was to assess what parameters of a pituitary MRI report were useful to surgeons and in doing so, to propose a synoptic reporting template., Methods: We used the Delphi technique to obtain group consensus between three neuroradiologists, three otolaryngologists and three anterior skull base neurosurgeons across three tertiary Melbourne hospitals. Answers from the three speciality groups were then converted into numerical scores for analysis., Results: There was statistically significant consensus between specialties over which characteristics were deemed most important. These were T1 pre- and post-contrast sequences in the coronal and sagittal planes, the degree of displacement of the optic chiasm, invasion of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus, the size and pneumatization pattern of the sphenoid sinus and the differential diagnosis of aneurysm. There were also significant differences between groups., Conclusions: There are similarities and differences between what radiologists, otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons deem as important features when reporting pituitary MRI. A synoptic reporting system template is proposed to improve consistency in pituitary imaging reports., (© 2018 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.) more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The Blind Men and the Elephant - Aligning Efforts in Global Health.
- Author
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Dhillon RS and Karan A
- Subjects
- Humans, Global Health, Health Services Accessibility organization & administration, Human Rights
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Ethanol metabolism varies with hypoxia tolerance in ten cyprinid species.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Mandic M, Yao L, Cao ZD, Fu SJ, Brauner CJ, Wang YS, and Richards JG
- Subjects
- Alcohol Dehydrogenase metabolism, Aldehyde Oxidoreductases metabolism, Animals, Fish Proteins metabolism, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Liver metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Phylogeny, Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Cyprinidae physiology, Ethanol metabolism, Hypoxia metabolism
- Abstract
During periods of severe hypoxia or anoxia, Carassius spp. are known for their ability to produce ethanol as their anaerobic end product, which diffuses into the environment thereby reducing the osmotic and acidotic load associated with "anaerobic" glycolysis. However, the relationship between alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities, key ethanol metabolizing enzymes, and hypoxia tolerance among Carassius spp. and their closely related non-ethanol-producing cyprinids remains unclear. To address this, we quantified the activity levels of key anaerobic enzymes in liver and muscle in species of cyprinids over 48 h of severe hypoxia exposure (0.7 kPa). As predicted, muscle ADH activity was highest in the two most hypoxia-tolerant species (Carassius spp.), with very low levels present in the other species examined. However, liver ADH activities showed an inverse relationship with hypoxia tolerance, with the most hypoxia-tolerant fish having the lowest ADH activity. There was no correlation between hypoxia tolerance and ALDH and LDH activities in muscle or liver. All species produced lactate, reaching their highest levels after 8 h, but returning to near-baseline levels by 48 h of sustained exposure to hypoxia, suggesting lactate oxidation or depressed ATP demand. Liver glycogen content was not affected by 48 h hypoxia exposure in the most hypoxia-tolerant species, whereas the least tolerant species consumed the majority of the liver glycogen stores, which is probably due to the greater relative hypoxia exposure experienced by these species. Our findings that liver ADH activities were inversely related to hypoxia tolerance suggests that in all but Carassius spp., the ethanol metabolizing pathways in cyprinids is largely similar to that observed in other vertebrates and plays a role in the detoxification of ethanol. Furthermore, conservation of glycogen stores may be the result of metabolic-depressing pathways in the more tolerant species, regardless of the ability to produce ethanol, or adaptations that improve oxygen uptake to reduce metabolic demands due to hypoxia. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Diskogenic Reactivation of Herpes Zoster.
- Author
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Dhillon RS and Smith PD
- Subjects
- Erythema diagnostic imaging, Herpes Zoster diagnostic imaging, Humans, Low Back Pain diagnostic imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Virus Activation, Erythema etiology, Herpes Zoster complications, Low Back Pain etiology, Lumbar Vertebrae diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Varicella zoster virus remains dormant in the dorsal root ganglia after childhood exposure to chickenpox. Its reactivation results in herpes zoster, otherwise known as shingles, which is a painful vesicular rash in a dermatomal distribution. We present a case of foraminal disk extrusion that resulted in radicular pain in a dermatomal distribution. The resultant inflammatory response around the dorsal root ganglion triggered an episode of shingles, which elegantly highlights the pathophysiology of this condition at a gross anatomic level., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Using comparative biology to understand how aging affects mitochondrial metabolism.
- Author
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Dhillon RS and Denu JM
- Subjects
- Acylation, Animals, Citric Acid Cycle genetics, Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins genetics, Humans, Mice, Mitochondrial Dynamics genetics, Mole Rats growth & development, Sirtuin 3 genetics, Sirtuin 3 metabolism, Species Specificity, Caloric Restriction, Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins metabolism, Longevity genetics, Mitochondria metabolism, Mole Rats genetics, Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Abstract
Lifespan varies considerably among even closely related species, as exemplified by rodents and primates. Despite these disparities in lifespan, most studies have focused on intra-specific aging pathologies, primarily within a select few systems. While mice have provided much insight into aging biology, it is unclear if such a short-lived species lack defences against senescence that may have evolved in related longevous species. Many age-related diseases have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction that are measured by decreased energy generation, structural damage to cellular components, and even cell death. Post translational modifications (PTMs) orchestrate many of the pathways associated with cellular metabolism, and are thought to be a key regulator in biological senescence. We propose hyperacylation as one such modification that may be implicated in numerous mitochondrial impairments affecting energy metabolism., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Metabolic programming of the epigenome: host and gut microbial metabolite interactions with host chromatin.
- Author
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Krautkramer KA, Dhillon RS, Denu JM, and Carey HV
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Cellular Reprogramming genetics, Chromatin metabolism, Epigenomics, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, Host-Pathogen Interactions genetics, Metabolome genetics
- Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiota has been linked to host developmental, immunologic, and metabolic outcomes. This collection of trillions of microbes inhabits the gut and produces a myriad of metabolites, which are measurable in host circulation and contribute to the pathogenesis of human diseases. The link between endogenous metabolite availability and chromatin regulation is a well-established and active area of investigation; however, whether microbial metabolites can elicit similar effects is less understood. In this review, we focus on seminal and recent research that establishes chromatin regulatory roles for both endogenous and microbial metabolites. We also highlight key physiologic and disease settings where microbial metabolite-host chromatin interactions have been established and/or may be pertinent., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Regulation of energy metabolism during social interactions in rainbow trout: a role for AMP-activated protein kinase.
- Author
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Gilmour KM, Craig PM, Dhillon RS, Lau GY, and Richards JG
- Subjects
- Animals, Liver metabolism, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological metabolism, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, Energy Metabolism physiology, Hydrocortisone metabolism, Interpersonal Relations, Oncorhynchus mykiss
- Abstract
Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) confined in pairs form social hierarchies in which subordinate fish typically experience fasting and high circulating cortisol levels, resulting in low growth rates. The present study investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in mediating metabolic adjustments associated with social status in rainbow trout. After 3 days of social interaction, liver AMPK activity was significantly higher in subordinate than dominant or sham (fish handled in the same fashion as paired fish but held individually) trout. Elevated liver AMPK activity in subordinate fish likely reflected a significantly higher ratio of phosphorylated AMPK (phospho-AMPK) to total AMPK protein, which was accompanied by significantly higher AMPKα
1 relative mRNA abundance. Liver ATP and creatine phosphate concentrations in subordinate fish also were elevated, perhaps as a result of AMPK activity. Sham fish that were fasted for 3 days exhibited effects parallel to those of subordinate fish, suggesting that low food intake was an important trigger of elevated AMPK activity in subordinate fish. Effects on white muscle appeared to be influenced by the physical activity associated with social interaction. Overall, muscle AMPK activity was significantly higher in dominant and subordinate than sham fish. The ratio of phospho-AMPK to total AMPK protein in muscle was highest in subordinate fish, while muscle AMPKα1 relative mRNA abundance was elevated by social dominance. Muscle ATP and creatine phosphate concentrations were high in dominant and subordinate fish at 6 h of interaction and decreased significantly thereafter. Collectively, the findings of the present study support a role for AMPK in mediating liver and white muscle metabolic adjustments associated with social hierarchy formation in rainbow trout., (Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.) more...- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Halting Zika's resurgence with new rapid tests for the virus.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Srikrishna D, and Beier D
- Subjects
- Humans, United States, Vaccines economics, Zika Virus Infection economics, Zika Virus Infection epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Early Diagnosis, Zika Virus, Zika Virus Infection diagnosis, Zika Virus Infection prevention & control
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Containing Zika while we wait for a vaccine.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Srikrishna D, and Jha AK
- Subjects
- Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Humans, Mass Screening methods, Viral Vaccines, Zika Virus immunology, Zika Virus Infection transmission, Point-of-Care Systems, Zika Virus Infection diagnosis, Zika Virus Infection prevention & control
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Authors' response - WHO must prioritise its roles and then be positioned and supported to execute effectively.
- Author
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Negin J and Dhillon RS
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Overlooking the importance of immunoassays.
- Author
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Dhillon RS, Kelly JD, Srikrishna D, and Garry RF
- Subjects
- Immunoassay
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Outsourcing: how to reform WHO for the 21st century.
- Author
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Negin J and Dhillon RS
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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