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Background: 99DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short course) is a low-cost, mobile phone-based technology that enables real-time remote monitoring of daily intake of treatment, first introduced by the Revised National Tuberculosis Programme under the national programme in 2015 in high-burden antiretroviral therapy (ART) centers. This project was launched for the first time in 2016 in Rajkot district, Gujarat, India, and hence this was an effort to evaluate 99DOTS. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate treatment adherence rate and treatment outcome of 99DOTS-information communication technology (ICT)-based approach for tuberculosis (TB) management. Materials and Methods: Data from 99DOTS were obtained from February 2016 to September 2017 after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee and permission from the head of the department of district TB center (DTC), Rajkot. Data were evaluated for sociodemographic pattern, adherence rate, and treatment outcome. Results: A total of total 347 registered patients, 197 (56.77%) patients diagnosed by private practitioners and 150 (43.22%) patients having HIV-TB from ART center were initiated TB treatment under 99DOTS project from nine different talukas of Rajkot district. Mean age of the registered TB patients was 36 ± 13.55 years with predominance of “new cases” (n = 275, 79.25%) and “male” gender (n = 257, 74.06%). The overall treatment adherence rate of 99DOTS was 96.03%, while adherence by “call” was 92.25% and adherence by “manual” was 32.12%. Cure rate was higher in patients with TB only (n = 113, 78.47%) as compared to patients with HIV-TB co-infection (n = 46, 67.64%). Defaulter rate (n = 19, 13.19%) was also higher in patients with TB only, while death rate (n = 14, 20.58%) was higher in patients of TB with HIV co-infection. Conclusion: 99DOTS is an effective approach for improving TB medication adherence, thereby increasing the compliance to TB treatment. It will be helpful for easy access of treatment to patients from remote areas, improve notification of patients from private practitioners, and enable differentiated care.

Background: Bronchogenic carcinoma is the most common malignancy all over the globe in terms of incidence and mortality, especially in males. Its increasing incidence in nonsmokers and females is also an important concern. Objectives: The objective of this study was to study various demographic, clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of patients with confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients with confirmed histopathological diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma attending a tertiary care center in western India were included in the study. Results: A total of 50 patients were studied. Of 50, 45 were male and 5 were female. Average age of the patient was 59.92 years. Forty-six (92%) patients were current or ex-smokers, whereas only 4 patients were never-smokers. Cough (90%) followed by chest pain (62%) was the presenting symptom. Soft-tissue density mass lesion was the most common radiographic finding. Adenocarcinoma (36%) followed closely by squamous cell carcinoma (32%) was the diagnosed histological subtype. Of 50, 9 (18%) patients had evidence of distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Conclusions: This study concludes that adenocarcinoma was the most common subtype even in smokers. A high index of suspicion and prompt investigations in a patient with respiratory symptoms should be employed to diagnose patients at an early stage.