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Carbon emissions can be decreased by adopting the carbon cap-and-alternate policy. The current study suggests a carbon buying and selling mechanism for things that are deteriorating or of poor quality while taking into account chilled logistics services in a fresh food supply chain. In addition to deliveries of perishables, suppliers also provide retailers with chilled logistics services and carbon emission certificates for excess inventory. The retail price, the cost of chilled strategies, and the contributions to various carbon trading options--such as internal carbon trade, external carbon exchange, and carbon exchange both internally and externally for the destruction of low-quality goods have all been evaluated in this paper. The store network members give estimating systems to new food, emanation permits and refrigerated planned operations administrations. We likewise uncover the connection between carbon purchasing and advancing and refrigerated strategies administrations and test out their joint effect on the provider retailer's helpful dating. Store network donors are also encouraged to participate in the carbon exchanging mechanism, which benefits from more sophisticated asset utilisation and more ruthless stockpile chains. The numerical examples have helped to validate the results. In the end, a thorough sensitivity analysis has been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) are considered as a sustainable technology for water desalination, wastewater treatment, and power generation. However, this neoteric technology suffers from different challenges, including sluggish oxygen reduction reaction and poor electron transfer from microbes to electrodes, ultimately leading to less power generation and desalination efficiency. This review delves into the intricate roles of both abiotic and biocatalysts in enhancing performance of MDCs through ion removal and charge transfer mechanisms. Detailed discussions highlight the comparative advantages and limitations of different catalyst types and insights into electrode modifications to optimise catalytic activity and biofilm formation. Further, recent advancements in electrode engineering, including surface coatings and integration of nanomaterial, geared towards enhancing efficiency of MDC and performance stability are discussed. Finally, future recommendations are provided, focusing on innovative catalyst designs, material integration, and considerations for scale-up and commercialisation, thereby offering a comprehensive roadmap for the continued advancement of MDC. [Display omitted] • Limited focus on catalyst/electrode tuning in microbial desalination cell (MDC). • Discussed strategies to enhance performance of MDC using biotic and abiotic catalysts. • Trade off required between performance of MDC and application of abiotic catalysts. • Algae serve as a good cathode modification maintaining both cost and sustainability. • Carbon doped perovskite can be an alternate cathode catalyst for MDC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]