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The significant issue of managing in-vitro culture browning in plant tissue culture procedures is explored in depth in this review. The complex issue of browning, which includes oxidative, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic browning, poses obstacles to the effectiveness of in vitro culture and has an impact on the quality of secondary metabolites as well as plant viability. Researchers and practitioners encounter this issue in their pursuit of successful plant propagation and valuable secondary metabolite production. The review explores a range of control measures, including antioxidants like ascorbic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and potassium citrate, alterations to the culture medium, and the selection of suitable culture vessels. These techniques provide a comprehensive method for controlling browning and getting good results in plant tissue culture. The knowledge gathered from this research advances the industry and promotes sustainability since plant tissue culture is still essential for creating disease-free plants, quickly proliferating uncommon genotypes, and synthesizing useful plant-derived compounds. Whether enhancing crop traits or cultivating plants with economically significant products, effective control of culture browning remains a key factor in achieving these goals. In conclusion, this review advances our understanding of the multifaceted challenge of culture browning in plant tissue culture and provides actionable solutions to address this issue. By implementing these measures, researchers and practitioners can enhance the outcomes of plant tissue culture, maximize the yield of valuable products, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of agriculture and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are plants that have various uses for human health, nutrition, and well-being. They are sources of herbal medicines, dietary supplements, cosmetics, fragrances, spices, and other products. However, the production and utilization of MAPs also pose challenges and opportunities for environmental sustainability and economic viability. This work offers a wide-ranging review of the sustainable practices and circular economy approaches for the valorization of MAPs. The review discusses the importance and value of MAPs, as well as the principles and benefits of the circular economy, a sustainable model that aims to minimize waste and make the most of resources. The review identifies and analyzes various circular economy approaches for valorizing MAPs, like resource optimization through sustainable cultivation, waste minimization in harvesting and processing, closed-loop supply chains, product diversification and upcycling, circular design thinking for MAP-based products, recycling and reusing MAP-based waste, eco-certification and consumer awareness, and collaborative networks and knowledge sharing. The review paper provides examples and case studies of successful implementation of these approaches, as well as the challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]