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Background: Gearboxes are used in many industrial fields. Due to uncontrollable external factors and inevitable fatigue damage, gearboxes are likely to fail. It has become a major research trend to collect dynamic signals of gearboxes and develop effective fault diagnosis methods for gearboxes. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamic characteristics of herringbone gear transmission (HGT) under different friction coefficients and pitting faults. Methods: A virtual prototype model of the system with different friction coefficients and pitting faults was established jointly with KISSsoft, SolidWorks, and ADAMS. The contact stiffness, penetration coefficient, damping, and other factors were considered in the model. The contact force and angular acceleration signals of the Driven gear are collected and analyzed by simulation. Results: The increase of friction coefficient results in the increase of contact force and instantaneous angular acceleration. The modulation side frequency band on both sides of the frequency becomes dense, and the side frequency band in the frequency domain of angular acceleration becomes sparse. When pitting failure exists, all dynamic signals show fault characteristics. Conclusion: This work provided a theoretical basis for fault diagnosis and gear dynamics research, Due to many nonlinear factors, the fault diagnosis of the HGT system is relatively difficult. The research results can quickly diagnose the fault of the HGT system, which makes up for the shortcomings in the study of the fault diagnosis of the HGT system.

Ferula akitschkensis volatile oil (FAVO) has a good inhibitory activity on gastric cancer cell proliferation, but the mechanism of action is not yet clear. In this study, we tested the antigastric cancer efficacy and mechanism of FAVO using both in vivo and in vitro models. The results showed that FAVO effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, the formation of small tubules of human umbilical vein endothelial cells as well as zebrafish intersegmental vessel and intestinal vein angiogenesis. In vivo experiments showed that FAVO significantly delayed the growth of SGC-7901 tumor-bearing nude mice and induced higher serum IL-2 and IFN-γ and reduced serum IL-6. Western blot results showed that FAVO reduced the expression of HIF-2α, VEGF, VEGFR2, P-VEGFR2, Akt, and P-Akt in SGC-7901 cells with CoCl2 induced hypoxia. We further clarified the main chemical components of FAVO through GC-MS analysis. In summary, FAVO may inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis via inhibiting the HIF-2α/VEGF signaling pathway.

Rheological properties of supercritical CO 2 (ScCO 2 ) foam fluids are essential to understand foam displacement mechanisms in the research & development of efficient CO 2 -EOR and CO 2 geological storage technologies. In this paper, a systematic laboratory study concerning non-Newtonian ScCO 2 foam flow characteristics in a straight tube was carried out under different gas-liquid ratios. Through modifying experimental pressure and temperature conditions, comparative studies on liquid phase CO 2 and gaseous CO 2 foam rheology were also carried out. The experimental results show obvious shear-thickening behavior for the scCO 2 foam (45 °C and 8.0 MPa) with flow behavior index increasing from 1.03 to 1.76 with increasing foam quality. And the apparent viscosity of scCO 2 foam could reach up to 140 times of the single-phase water. The liquid phase CO 2 foam (25 °C and 8.0 MPa) also exhibits clearly the shear-thickening characteristics with flow behavior index ranging from 1.56 to 1.88. The gaseous CO 2 foam, on the other hand, behaves in a shear-thinning or pseudo-plastic manner with flow behavior index of 0.70 2 and liquid CO 2 bulk foam, which mainly contributes to the shear thickening behavior for ScCO 2 and liquid CO 2 foam fluid.

Highly pure silicon is an important component in photovoltaic applications and has potential in battery technology. In this study, the electrochemical behavior of Si (IV) was discussed in a NaF−LiF−Na2SiO3−SiO2 electrolyte at 750 °C, and lithium-ion battery performance with electrodeposited silicon powder as anode material were investigated. The cyclic voltammograms illustrated that the reduction of Si(IV) on an Ag electrode followed an irreversible two-step, two-electron process: Si(IV) → Si(II) and Si(II) → Si(0). Both reduction steps involved diffusion control, and the diffusion coefficients were 1.18 and 1.22 × 10−6 cm2 s−1, respectively. Nanoscale spherical silicon was deposited between potentials of −1.0 to −1.6 V (vs Pt) with support of X-ray diffraction patterns, Raman spectra, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Combining the fabricated silicon with carbon, a Si@C composite anode material for lithium-ion batteries was prepared, and its specific capacity reached 1260 mA·h g−1. Notably, a capacity of 200 mA·h g−1 was maintained over 100 cycles.

Background/Purpose: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of nemonoxacin with levofloxacin in treating community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a Phase II clinical trial. Methods: One hundred ninety-two patients with CAP were randomized to receive oral nemonoxacin (500 mg or 750 mg) or levofloxacin (500 mg) once daily for 7â10 days. Clinical and bacteriological responses were determined at the test of cure (TOC) visit in the full analysis set (FAS). Results: The clinical cure rate of nemonoxacin (500 mg), nemonoxacin (750 mg), and levofloxacin (500 mg) was 93.3%, 87.3%, and 88.5%, respectively, in the FAS (n = 168), and 93.0%, 93.9%, and 88.9%, respectively in the per protocol set (n = 152). At the TOC visit, nemonoxacin at 500 mg and 750 mg was proven to be noninferior to levofloxacin at 500 mg in the FAS in terms of clinical efficacy. The overall bacteriological success rate was 83.3% in both nemonoxacin groups and 80.0% in the levofloxacin 500 mg group in the bacteriological FAS. The comprehensive efficacy rate was comparable among the three groups (87.5% for the nemonoxacin 500 mg group, 93.8% for the nemonoxacin 750 mg group, and 81.3% for the levofloxacin 500 mg group). Most drug-related adverse events were mild and transient, mainly gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, transient neutropenia, and elevated liver enzymes. No drug-related serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: Either 500 mg or 750 mg of oral nemonoxacin taken once daily for 7â10 days demonstrated high clinical and bacteriological success rates in Chinese adult patients with CAP. Nemonoxacin at 500 mg once daily for 7â10 days is recommended for future Phase III clinical trials.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01537250. Keywords: clinical trial, community-acquired pneumonia, efficacy, nenomoxacin, safety

The clean and low-cost preparation of advanced materials for green energy storage applications is a critical step towards sustainable development. Here, the rapid modification of CoO in molten salt is proposed as a low-cost approach for the scalable preparation of Co-based oxides with enhanced Li-storage performance. The phase evolution of CoO upon molten salt treatment is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption and Raman spectroscopy. The molten salt treatment of CoO under dry and humid Ar atmosphere leads to the formation of dual-phase structured CoO/Co3O4 and Li0.065Co0.935O, respectively. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and fast Fourier transform analysis of samples after Li insertion and extraction process confirm the formation of nanostructured Co-Li2O. The Co phase formed from CoO/Co3O4 and Li0.065Co0.935O is found to have hexagonal close packed (hcp) and face central cubic (fcc) structure, respectively. The Li-storage performances of these materials are correlated to their structural/microstructural characteristics. This article presents a simple, scalable and environmentally-friendly approach for modification of Co-oxide materials for lithium ion battery anode applications.

Cryptographic hash functions have become the basis of modern network computing for identity authorization and secure computing; protocol consistency of cryptographic hash functions is one of the most important properties that affect the security and correctness of cryptographic implementations, and protocol consistency should be well proven before being applied in practice. Software verification has seen substantial application in safety-critical areas and has shown the ability to deliver better quality assurance for modern software; thus, applying software verification to a protocol consistency proof for cryptographic hash functions is a reasonable approach to prove their correctness. Verification of protocol consistency of cryptographic hash functions includes modeling of the cryptographic protocol and program analysis of the cryptographic implementation; these require a dedicated cryptographic implementation model that preserves the semantics of the code, efficient analysis of cryptographic operations on arrays and bits, and the ability to verify large-scale implementations. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic software verification framework, VeriHash, that brings software verification to protocol consistency proofs for cryptographic hash function implementations. It solves the above challenges by introducing a novel cryptographic model design for modeling the semantics of cryptographic hash function implementations, extended array theories for analysis of operations, and compositional verification for scalability. We evaluated our verification framework on two SHA-3 cryptographic hash function implementations: the winner of the NIST SHA-3 competition, Keccack; and an open-source hash program, RHash. We successfully verified the core parts of the two implementations and reproduced a bug in the published edition of RHash.

Background and purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate that on the basis of ICS-LABA treatment, whether or not adding on short course of oral corticosteroid could increase the rate of asthma control. Methodology This was a double blind, randomized controlled study. Patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma who are maintenance treatment naive were recruited from the out-patients clinic. All patients included in the study received ICS-LABA as initial treatment. Two weeks oral corticosteroid or placebo were added on at the beginning of treatment. All the subjects were followed-up by daily measurement of PEF and asthma diary for 12 week and spirometry at 4 weeks and 12 weeks. Results 13 cases were randomized to Corticosteroid group (M/F: 9/4, age: 45.0 ± 5.0 yrs), 11 to Placebo group (M/F: 4/7, age: 35.7 ± 9.6yrs). After treatment, significant improvement in ACT、ACQ、AQLQ、FEV1、FEV1% were observed in both groups as compared with baseline data (all P 0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, total control was achieved in 3 (30.8%) in corticosteroid group and 2 (18.2%) in placebo group; Partial control was achieved in 7 (61.5%)in corticosteroid group and in 7 (63.6%) in placebo group. There was no significant difference in control rates between two groups (X2 = 0.919, P = 0.632). Similar findings were observed after 12 weeks of treatment. Conclusion In maintenance treatment naive moderate to severe persistent asthma, ICS-LABA therapy was adequate initial treatment for achieving asthma control in majority of the patients. Add on short course of oral corticosteroid provided no significant clinical benefit.

Simulative experiments were carried out for CO2 foam flooding process in homogeneous porous media prepared with the sand packing method, and the CO2 foam seepage characteristics in porous media were studied with CT technology. CO2 foam flooding experiments were carried out under different packing sand sizes, different surfactant concentrations and different gas-liquid ratios. CT technology was employed to visualize the displacement process and to obtain the water saturation data along the sample, and the pressure distribution in the sample during the foam seepage process was measured at the same time. Experimental results show that, CO2 foam flooding has higher pressure drop and lower water saturation entrance effect in the porous media with lower average grain sizes; when surfactant concentrations are higher than CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration), the generated foam is stable, without showing obvious difference for the foam displacement efficiency in the sample, and water saturation entrance effect gradually decreases with increase of surfactant concentrations; improving gas-liquid ratio can lead to higher foam seepage pressure drop, but has little effect on residue water saturation after foam displacement. Key words: CO2 flooding, CO2 foam, flooding experiment, seepage characteristics, CT technology, EOR

A green water-based silver nanoplate ink was developed for printed circuit board. The growth of the nanoplates was shown by the colour change of the solution. Silver nanoplates with the side length around 20–40 nm in the ink were identified by transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffractomer. The ink patterned on the flexible substrates (polyimide) turned into conductive pattern after sintered at 300°C for 1 hour. The morphology of the conductive patterns were characterised by scanning electron microscopy. After the sintering process, the resistivity of the conductive ink was 9.43μΩ.cm, while the adhesion to the substrate reached 4 B. Thermal gravity analysis was conducted to deduce the mechanism of the sintering process and the solid content of the ink. The application of the conductive ink was also discussed in this paper.

Li surface diffusion kinetics is an important parameter in determining the electrochemical performance of metal oxide electrodes used in Li ion batteries. Here, we investigate this parameter in SnO2 nanobelts. A low cost, simple and facile in-situ calcination method is developed to fabricate highly crystalline SnO2 nanobelts with surface oxygen vacancies using commercially available tin oxide particles as the precursor. The phase composition, morphology and surface characteristics of the SnO2 nanobelts are investigated by several techniques, including the X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy, high resolution electron microscopy and electrochemical evaluations. The Li ion surface diffusion coefficients of nanobelts are investigated by impendence spectroscopy and sweep voltammetry measurements; and found to be 1.07 × 10−11 cm2 s−1. Such enhanced Li surface diffusion kinetics as well as significant contribution from pseudocapacitance result in an excellent Li-ion storage performance of SnO2 nanobelts, while the free space between the nanobelts provides morphological stability during prolonged battery cycles.

The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation is one of the main exploration target in the Changling Sag, southern Songliao Basin. However, the origin of source rock deposition and crude oils remains undiscovered. A comprehensive geochemical study, including Rock–Eval pyrolysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and carbon isotope analysis on fifteen crude oils and twenty-two source rock samples from the Qingshankou Formation were performed in order to provide new insights into source organic matter, depositional environment and correlation between crude oils and source rocks. Bulk geochemical analysis on source rock samples indicates that the lower member of the Qingshankou Formation has more hydrocarbon generating potential than the middle member. These two potential source rock members were interpreted to be deposited in slightly different environments and have different sources of organic matter determined by biomarker assemblages. The lower member is organically rich (average TOC = 1.27 wt.%), oil-prone, mature and deposited under anoxic conditions with more contribution from sapropelic organic matter. The middle member is organically poor (average TOC = 0.78 wt.%), gas-prone, less mature and deposited under less anoxic conditions with more terrigenous organic matter input. Biomarker fingerprints and carbon isotope compositions suggest that all the crude oils were genetically related and could be classified into one oil family, which has significant contribution from the lower member source rocks and minor contribution from the middle member source rocks.

Formal verification of VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) in Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) design has been discussed for many years. In this paper we provide a practical approach to do so. We present a semi-automatic way to verify FPGA VHDL software deadlocks, especially those that reside in automata. A domain is defined to represent the VHDL modules that will be verified; these modules will be transformed into Verilog models and be verified by SMV tools. By analyzing the verification results of SMV, deadlocks can be found; after looking back to the VHDL code, the deadlocking code is located and the problem is solved. VHDL verification is particularly important in safety-critical software. As an example, our solution is applied to a Multifunction Vehicle Bus Controller (MVBC) system for a train. The safety properties were tested well in the development stage, but experienced a breakdown during the long-term software testing stage, which was mainly caused by deadlocks in the VHDL software. In this special case, we managed to locate the VHDL deadlocks and solve the problem by the FPGA deadlock detection approach provided in this paper, which demonstrates that our solution works well.

Background/Purpose: Nemonoxacin is a novel nonfluorinated quinolone with excellent in vitro activity against most pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially Gram-positive isolates. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of nemonoxacin compared with levofloxacin in patients with CAP. Methods: A phase 3, multicenter, randomized (2:1) controlled trial was conducted in adult CAP patients receiving nemonoxacin 500 mg or levofloxacin 500 mg orally once daily for 7–10 days. Clinical, microbiological response and adverse events were assessed. Non-inferiority was determined in terms of clinical cure rate of nemonoxacin compared with that of levofloxacin in a modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population. NCT registration number: NCT01529476. Results: A total of 527 patients were randomized and treated with nemonoxacin (n = 356) or levofloxacin (n = 171). The clinical cure rate at test-of-cure visit was 94.3% (300/318) for nemonoxacin and 93.5% (143/153) for levofloxacin in the mITT population [difference (95% CI), 0.9% (−3.8%, 5.5%)]. The microbiological success rate was 92.1% (105/114) for nemonoxacin and 91.7% (55/60) for levofloxacin in the bacteriological mITT population [difference (95% CI), 0.4% (−8.1%, 9.0%)]. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was comparable between nemonoxacin (33.1%, 118/356) and levofloxacin (33.3%, 57/171) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Nemonoxacin 500 mg once daily for 7–10 days is as effective and safe as levofloxacin for treating adult CAP patients in terms of clinical cure rates, microbiological success rates, and safety profile.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01529476. Keywords: Clinical outcome, Community-acquired pneumonia, Levofloxacin, Nemonoxacin, Randomized controlled trial, Safety

The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation acts as both the source and reservoir sequence in the Changling Sag, situated in the southern end of the Songliao Basin, northeast China. An integrated approach involving determination of hydrocarbon charging history, oil source correlation and hydrocarbon generation dynamic modeling was used to investigate hydrocarbon migration processes and further predict the favorable targets of hydrocarbon accumulations in the Qingshankou Formation. The hydrocarbon generation and charge history was investigated using fluid inclusion analysis, in combination with stratigraphic burial and thermal modeling. The source rocks began to generate hydrocarbons at around 82 Ma and the hydrocarbon charge event occurred from approximately 78 Ma to the end of Cretaceous (65.5 Ma) when a large tectonic uplift took place. Correlation of stable carbon isotopes of oils and extracts of source rocks indicates that oil was generated mainly from the first member of Qingshankou Formation (K 2 qn1), suggesting that hydrocarbon may have migrated vertically. Three dimensional (3D) petroleum system modeling was used to evaluate the processes of secondary hydrocarbon migration in the Qingshankou Formation since the latest Cretaceous. During the Late Cretaceous, hydrocarbon, mainly originated from the Qianan depression, migrated laterally to adjacent structural highs. Subsequent tectonic inversion, defined as the late Yanshan Orogeny, significantly changed hydrocarbon migration patterns, probably causing redistribution of primary hydrocarbon reservoirs. In the Tertiary, the Heidimiao depression was buried much deeper than the Qianan depression and became the main source kitchen. Hydrocarbon migration was primarily controlled by fluid potential and generally migrated from relatively high potential areas to low potential areas. Structural highs and lithologic transitions are potential traps for current oil and gas exploration. Finally, several preferred hydrocarbon accumulation sites have been identified by this work, like Western Slope, Southern uplift, and Eastern Slope, helping reduce the risk on targeting hydrocarbon potential reservoirs in Changling Sag.

Background Dominant frequency (DF) analysis of atrial electrograms has become an important method in characterizing atrial fibrillation (AF). As a classic method, Botteron’s approach is widely used in the preprocessing of frequency analysis during AF. It includes three steps: (1) band-pass filtering at 40–250 Hz, (2) absolute value, and (3) low-pass filtering at 20 Hz. This paper aims to expound the necessity and adjustability of each step. Methods and results Unipolar epicardial mapping signals were recorded during AF from eight mongrel dogs with cholinergic AF model. Episodes of these data were randomly selected to evaluate the impact of different pass bands and the necessity of low-pass filtering with 20 Hz cutoff frequency. Each episode of AF signal is 5 s long with a sampling rate of 2 kHz. Simulated electrograms were adopted to discuss the role of taking absolute value. Furthermore, direct spectral analysis method (FFT et al.) is compared with Botteron’s preprocessing approach. According to our statistical analysis, the pass band of 40–250 Hz was not the best, while 20–100 Hz presented the high accuracy rate of DF. From the comparing result of direct FFT without Botteron’s approach we deduced that the rectification of absolute value was meaningful for the fundamental atrial frequency. The final step, 20 Hz low-pass filter can completely be omitted in DF analysis. In consideration of the demand for real-time distribution of DF in clinical or experimental situations, down-sampling method and the impact of ventricular artifacts on DF was also discussed. Conclusion In the actual application of the three preprocessing steps, the pass band selection of band-pass filter can be adjusted and the rectification of taking absolute value is important. Nevertheless, the final step of 20 Hz low-pass filter is totally unnecessary. In real-time signal processing situations, taking down-sampling method and ignoring the ventricular artifacts can also have high performance in DF analysis of atrial electrograms.

The use of actigraphy, which can be used to estimate sleep-wake patterns from activity levels, has become common in sleep research. Actigraphy is a simple, cost-effective and non-invasive method for healthcare providers and researchers to assess patients sleep quality and screen for potential sleep disorders in recent years. But, there is no wide recognition and application of actigraphy in China up till now. This review summarized the application of actigraphy in evaluation of sleep and diagnosis of sleep disorders.

Objective While individuals with insomnia consistently complain of cognitive impairment, previous studies on the effect of insomnia on objective measures of cognitive function have obtained ambiguous results. The relationship between daytime sleepiness and cognitive manifestations in insomnia patients is not clear. Methods Thirty-six primary insomnia patients (PIPs) and 26 good sleep controls (GSCs) with age and gender matched manner were included in the study. Participants underwent an overnight polysomnography followed by a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and an examination of the attention network test (ANT). ANT reflected three attentional networks including alerting, orienting and executive control. According to whether accompanied with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), the insomnia group were subdivided into PIPs with EDS (n = 12, score on MSLT

Synroc has been regarded as the second generation of high level waste (HLW) forms in the world. By isomorphous replacement most waste elements in HLW can be incorporated into the Synroc phases. The leach resistance and physical properties of Synroc are suitable for HLW immobilization. In general, sodium is not suitable for incorporation into Synroc. Two formulations, (Na 0.5 Nd 0.5 )TiO 3 , perovskite type and Na 2 (AlFe) 2 Ti 6 O 16 , freudenbergite type were developed to immobilize higher content of Na 2 O up to 5.7 and 5.0 wt%, respectively. The present study greatly improved the sodium immobilization ability of Synroc.

The optical pickup unit is a kind of mass-produced product as well as a diffraction-limited micro-optical system. Thus the optical elements are assembled serially in the production line, and its fabricating and assembling errors should be controlled to achieve a diffraction-limited focus spot on the disk. And the reflected light from the disk on the photo detector would be converted and processed in the servo control system and evaluated using the electrical evaluator. Thus a correlation between the electrical evaluator and the spot intensity should be considered when setting the testing standard for a production line. In this paper, the optical pickup is measured using a spot analyzing system. Its electrical signals are described in the evaluator. The optical system in the optical pickup would be divided into two testing parts: base part and focusing part. The base part includes the laser diode, collimator, prism, quarter-wave-plate, beam splitter and reflective mirror; while the focusing part has objective lens, phase plate, wave-plate, and so on. The focus quality is measured using the spot analyzer. Then these optical pickups are processed to get the electrical signals directly from the evaluator. Finally the parameters achieved using these two systems are compared and its correlation are investigated. This method is verified when designing a DVD production line and might be useful in establishing the standards for a new optical pickup.

According to triangulation principle, optical mechanical and electrical structure of the geometrical parameters of the railway over head contact net auto-measuring equipment based on linear CCD sensors is proposed. For abnormal pulse wave form problem caused by each block of air multi-target, it proposed that the signal, in turn, should be done the following: normalization, a differential, quadratic differential, amplitude separation, location search, and gravitational center computation, which can effectively extract pulse position. Practice has proved that the algorithm recognition is reliable, and the extracted pulse position is used to coordinate calculation, whose precision meets the relevant standards.

Applying three-dimensional photographic measurement method and using three CCD liner image camera to compose the railway overhead contact system geometric parameter measuring equipment, in order to solve the issue of the pixel coordinates being converted to the slope of a straight line in 3-D space, it proposed equidistant sampling grid calibration method. In this method, only single sample is taken, and through the pulse-position auto-identification and curve fitting, it can build the corresponding relationship between each CCD pixel coordinates and the line of the CCD imaging lens projection center. With high accuracy, the calibration process is fully automated.

To measure the height of conductor and the stagger of railway overhead contact net, we designed the mobile-type railway contact net geometry measuring equipment based on three high-speed CCD linear image sensors. High-speed CMOS circuit of the CCD logic driver is low-cost, and there is no need to debug. According to the features of TCD1703 chip following measures are taken: (1) CCD output signal is amplified by the summing amplifier, and the output voltage is doubled. (2) using the characteristics of that LED dynamic resistance is small ,we realized non-destructive level shifting. (3) in the circuit, RC compensation circuit was set, eliminating the background level of saw-tooth wave phenomena. Circuit can work stability under the 20MHZ clock.

In the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurement system for flow field of impinging streams, in order to realize the calculation of real flow field data from sequence image, the method of coordinates mapping applying neural network is designed. This method is to put a plat with normal pitch grid in the area of transparent Liquid-continuous impinging streams reactor, with the grid plan going through the cylinder axis of the reactor filled with water. Digital camera is fixed outside the container, with the light axis vertical to the grid plan. Software tool is utilized to obtain Educate vector collect for educating neural network. The network which finished training can counterchange the pixel coordinate of the measured plan in the liquid into real coordinate.

The NVD(Next generation Versatile Disc) OPU(Optical Pick-Up), based on general red light, is able to read a new type of disk which has 15 GB capacity with 2 layers on one side. The linear span of the focus error signal of original NVD OPU light path is shorter than the requirement proposed by the electron servo system. Increasing the thickness of the tilted-parallel-plate to broaden the linear span will increase the coma aberration which will deteriorate the servo accuracy. Furthermore, the thickness of the tilted-parallel-plate is related to the coexistence of DVD and CD servo signal. Therefore, an aberration-compensated and multi-freedom servo lens for NVD OPU is necessary. The servo lens proposed in this paper is a single lens, which the first surface is a combination of cylindrical surface and tilted surface, and the rear surface is a common spherical surface. According to the conversion of Zernike-to-Seidel wavefront aberration, a given amount of astigmatism will be achieved by bending the curvature of the cylindrical surface to broaden the linear span, and the coma will be corrected by the tilted surface. The function of the spherical surface is guaranteeing the coexistence of DVD and CD servo signal. Finally, the specification of the servo lens and simulation result of the whole system will be addressed.

This study on the immobilization of high-sodium-bearing HLW in synroc indicates that (Na0.5Nd0.5)TiO3-type perovskite can be used to incorporate a high content of sodium in synroc. Synroc samples containing 13.0 wt% waste oxide and 5.7 wt% Na2O show very well chemical durability and physical properties. The standard Synroc-C formulation can incorporate only 2 wt% Na2O, so this study greatly improved the immobilization ability of sodium in Synroc-related material.

When developing water-flooding reservoirs, oil and water are regarded as Newtonian fluids in the study of inflow performance relationship of oil wells. But for polymer-flooding reservoirs, prediction of inflow performance relationship of oil wells must consider non-Newtonian behavior of the polymer solution. Based on present papers, descriptions about the flow behavior of non-Newtonian fluid in porous media are mainly concentrated on power-law fluids. These studies do not consider the variation of rheological parameters along seepage flow direction and also elastic effect of polymer solution, therefore these models or results can not be used to characterize the seepage behavior of polymer solution in porous media and predict the inflow performance relationship of oil wells in polymer flooding reservoirs. Analysis of the samples from oil wells in polymer flooding reservoirs shows that polymer solution produced still appears visco-elastic effect even at a lower concentration of the polymer solution. In this paper, according to a great quantity of experiment data on core displacement and rheological property, a model about the variation of rheological parameters along the seepage flow direction is developed. A constitutive equation for visco-elastic fluid is constructed, in which the variation of the rheological parameters of polymer solutions in porous media is taken into account. A formula of critical elastic flow velocity is presented. Using the constitutive equation proposed in this paper, the seepage flow behavior of visco-elastic fluid with variable rheological parameters is investigated. A model for calculating IPR of oil well in polymer flooding is developed, in which variation of in-situ fluid rheological parameter, visco-elastic effect, formation damage near the wellbore, decrease in formation permeability and other factors are considered. This model is solved using finite difference method and IPR curves and pressure distributions are predicted. Some factors affecting inflow performance are analyzed. With this model, inflow performance relationship of two oil wells in polymer-flooding reservoir in Daqing oil field is calculated. The prediction result is coincident with the flow-after-flow data, the average relative error is less than 10%. According to the predicted IPR results, the pumping equipment and working parameters can be optimized. It is of great significance for designing a reasonable working system for oil wells in polymer-flooding reservoir.