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Pulmonary diseases can be associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) system, particularly if an infection causes them. This relationship between organs is known as the gut-lung axis (GLA). Skin and mucosal surfaces are associated with microbiota (bacteria, fungi, viruses, macrophages, archaea, protists, helminths), which can trigger an immune response in GLA and serve a role in respiratory diseases. For instance, asthma can be inhibited by a specific antigen that is triggered by probiotics, the microorganisms found in the GI tract. Asthma incidence can be reduced by consuming fiber due to its ability to protect airways from infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are the first immune component to identify microbial compounds in GI and lung epithelial cells. The PRRs then induce regulatory T-cell (T-reg) and Th-17 differentiation. Diet, antibiotics, and stress can all influence the structure and function of bacteria. This is known as dysbiosis. Lung microbiota can influence immune cell maturation and homeostasis. If the diversity of lung microbiota decreases, it will affect intestinal microbiota and may result in chronic respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and cystic fibrosis. This literature review explained how the interactions between the intestines and lungs can affect humans’ health and well-being.

Pendahuluan: Diabetes melitus tipe-1 (DMT-1) adalah penyakit autoimun kronis yang menyebabkan tubuh tidak dapat memproduksi insulin dalam kadar yang cukup. Menurut international diabetes federation (IDF) melaporkan secara global penderita diabetes melitus tipe-1 mencapai 8,75 juta orang dimana sebanyak 1,52 juta orang (17%) berusia di bawah 20 tahun. Angka mortalitas mencapai 18.105 kematian dari jumlah insiden 1,55 juta. Sedangkan di Indonesia jumlah kasus ini mencapai 41.817 penduduk sehingga menempati posisi teratas di ASEAN. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah inovasi manajemen terapi diabetes melitus tipe-1 terkhususnya pada anak yang memiliki keunggulan baik dalam pengobatan maupun produksi. Metode: Studi ini berupa kajian literatur yang bersumber dari beberapa pencarian internet yakni PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Lancet, Google Schoolar, Garuda, Sage, dan EBSCOHost. Kajian ini disusun melalui beberapa tahap diantaranya identifikasi, skrining, dan pemenuhan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Terdapat 8 artikel dari 611 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria. Pembahasan: Beberapa bakteri kelompok asam laktat sudah diuji klinis dan didapatkan hasil yang berpengaruh pada kontrol glikemik pasien diabetes melitus tipe-1. Perbaikan ditunjukkan pada kadar gula darah puasa, 2 jam postprandial, HbA1C, bahkan juga mempengaruhi C-peptida dan kadar insulin yang dibutuhkan pasien diabetes melitus tipe-1. Rute pemberian probiotik yang dilakukan juga cukup sederhana melalui oral, kecuali pada intervensi penggunaan fecal microbiota transplantation melalui injeksi. Kesimpulan: Bakteri asam laktat mempengaruhi kadar gula darah pasien, HbA1C, C-peptida, dan kadar insulin yang dibutuhkan pasien. Interval waktu pemberian probiotik juga mempengaruhi efek klinis yang diharapkan. Introduction: Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes the body to not produce enough insulin. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), globally, there are 8.75 million people with type 1 diabetes mellitus, with 1.52 million (17%) of them being under 20 years old. The mortality rate reaches 18,105 deaths out of 1.55 million incidents. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, the number of cases reaches 41,817, placing it at the top position in ASEAN. Therefore, an innovative management approach for type 1 diabetes mellitus therapy, especially in children, is needed, which excels both in treatment and production. Methods: This study is a literature review sourced from several internet searches including PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Lancet, Google Scholar, Garuda, Sage, and EBSCOHost. The study was conducted through several stages including identification, screening, and fulfillment of inclusion and exclusion criteria. There are 8 articles out of 611 articles that met the criteria. Discussion: Several lactic acid bacteria have been clinically tested and shown to have an effect on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Improvements are evident in fasting blood sugar levels, 2-hour postprandial levels, HbA1C, and even affect C-peptide and insulin levels required by type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. The administration route of probiotics is also quite simple, usually oral, except for interventions involving fecal microbiota transplantation via injection. Conclusion: Lactic acid bacteria affect patients' blood sugar levels, HbA1C, C-peptide, and the insulin levels required by patients. The timing interval of probiotic administration also affects the expected clinical effects.

Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) bacteria that produce Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) isolates pose a global threat to human health, including in Indonesia. The availability of therapeutic options for ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) is limited, making early recognition of patients with ESBL crucial to preventing the spread of these bacteria within the hospital. This study aimed to examine the risk factors associated with ESBL-KP in the Arifin Achmad General Hospital Riau, Indonesia. This prospective case-control study was performed from January to March 2018, with the diagnosis of ESBL established using the Vitek 2 compact automated tool. The risk factors examined were gender, age, specimen type, ward of origin, hospitalization exceeding seven days, history of antibiotic usage, presence of diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, immunocompromised status, ICU care, and hospitalization within the past month. Patients hospitalized for more than seven days were 4.75 times more likely to develop ESBL-KP, while immunocompromised patients were 2.92 times more likely to develop ESBL-KP. However, the history of antibiotic use, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, ICU care, and hospitalization within the past month did not exhibit statistically significant associations with ESBL-KP infection. Therefore, ESBL-KP infection should be anticipated in patients hospitalized for more than seven days and those who are immunocompromised. It is crucial to implement infection prevention and control measures, as well as selecting appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Centella asiatica, or pegagan in Indonesia, is a perennial plant used in Indonesian traditional medicine (jamu) and functional food with many biological activities. Those biological activities come from the bioactive metabolites present in C. asiatica. Differences in metabolite pathways in each part of the plant affect the accumulation of metabolites contained, thus impacting its biological activity. Therefore, this study aims to identify and evaluate differences in the distribution of metabolites in each part of C. asiatica, namely leaves, stems, stolons, and roots. Each plant part was extracted using methanol and sonicated for 30 minutes. The metabolites in the samples were separated and detected using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Differences in the distribution of metabolites in each part of the plant were evaluated using chemometrics analysis. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis could positively identify 37 metabolites, most of which belong to the phenylpropanoid, triterpenoid, triterpenoid saponin, and flavonoid groups. Principal component analysis was able to clearly distinguish each part of the plant using the peak intensity of the overall chromatogram and the peak area of the identified metabolites. The different biosynthetic pathways of metabolites in plants could cause a difference in the distribution of metabolites in each plant.

Background Fetal growth restriction is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early identification of women having at-risk fetuses can reduce perinatal adverse outcomes. Objectives To assess the predictive performance of existing models predicting fetal growth restriction and birthweight, and if needed, to develop and validate new multivariable models using individual participant data. Design Individual participant data meta-analyses of cohorts in International Prediction of Pregnancy Complications network, decision curve analysis and health economics analysis. Participants Pregnant women at booking. External validation of existing models (9 cohorts, 441,415 pregnancies); International Prediction of Pregnancy Complications model development and validation (4 cohorts, 237,228 pregnancies). Predictors Maternal clinical characteristics, biochemical and ultrasound markers. Primary outcomes fetal growth restriction defined as birthweight 32 weeks). To assess if the performance of the prediction models is generalisable for various definitions of FGR, and assess the association between various birthweight centiles calculated using customised and population-based standards and perinatal morbidity and mortality. To estimate the net benefit (clinical utility) of the developed prediction models using decision curve analysis (DCA). To assess the costs and outcomes and the potential impact of resource use of the prediction models. Methods We followed existing recommendations for prediction model development and validation and reported in line with guidelines for prognostic research and IPD meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis utilised IPD within the IPPIC Network database. IPPIC is a living data repository of cleaned and harmonised data of pregnant women from large birth or population-based cohorts, study cohort data, registries or unpublished data from hospital records. The primary outcomes were (1) FGR defined as birthweight

Objective To predict birth weight at various potential gestational ages of delivery based on data routinely available at the first antenatal visit.Design Individual participant data meta-analysis.Data sources Individual participant data of four cohorts (237 228 pregnancies) from the International Prediction of Pregnancy Complications (IPPIC) network dataset.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Studies in the IPPIC network were identified by searching major databases for studies reporting risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth, from database inception to August 2019. Data of four IPPIC cohorts (237 228 pregnancies) from the US (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2018; 233 483 pregnancies), UK (Allen et al, 2017; 1045 pregnancies), Norway (STORK Groruddalen research programme, 2010; 823 pregnancies), and Australia (Rumbold et al, 2006; 1877 pregnancies) were included in the development of the model.Results The IPPIC birth weight model was developed with random intercept regression models with backward elimination for variable selection. Internal-external cross validation was performed to assess the study specific and pooled performance of the model, reported as calibration slope, calibration-in-the-large, and observed versus expected average birth weight ratio. Meta-analysis showed that the apparent performance of the model had good calibration (calibration slope 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88 to 1.10; calibration-in-the-large 44.5 g, −18.4 to 107.3) with an observed versus expected average birth weight ratio of 1.02 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.07). The proportion of variation in birth weight explained by the model (R2) was 46.9% (range 32.7-56.1% in each cohort). On internal-external cross validation, the model showed good calibration and predictive performance when validated in three cohorts with a calibration slope of 0.90 (Allen cohort), 1.04 (STORK Groruddalen cohort), and 1.07 (Rumbold cohort), calibration-in-the-large of −22.3 g (Allen cohort), −33.42 (Rumbold cohort), and 86.4 g (STORK Groruddalen cohort), and observed versus expected ratio of 0.99 (Rumbold cohort), 1.00 (Allen cohort), and 1.03 (STORK Groruddalen cohort); respective pooled estimates were 1.00 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.23; calibration slope), 9.7 g (−154.3 to 173.8; calibration-in-the-large), and 1.00 (0.94 to 1.07; observed v expected ratio). The model predictions were more accurate (smaller mean square error) in the lower end of predicted birth weight, which is important in informing clinical decision making.Conclusions The IPPIC birth weight model allowed birth weight predictions for a range of possible gestational ages. The model explained about 50% of individual variation in birth weights, was well calibrated (especially in babies at high risk of fetal growth restriction and its complications), and showed promising performance in four different populations included in the individual participant data meta-analysis. Further research to examine the generalisability of performance in other countries, settings, and subgroups is required.Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42019135045

Purpose – This research explores the influence of work stress and Quality of Work Life (QWL) on employee performance by considering the mediating role of job satisfaction. Method – The research used a quantitative approach involving a complete census method, with a sampling number of 74 employees of the National Narcotics Agency of North Sumatra Province. Data was collected using a questionnaire to collect numerical information related to research variables. The data analysis method applied is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS) as an analysis technique. Finding – Job stress does not have a significant favourable influence on employee performance but is negatively correlated with job satisfaction. Meanwhile, the quality of work life contributes significantly positively to employee performance and job satisfaction. Apart from that, there is a significant favourable influence of job satisfaction on employee performance; then, there is a positive and significant influence of work stress and quality of work life on employee performance through the mediation of job satisfaction. Originality (Novelty) – Reveals previously unrevealed findings and comprehensively contributes to a theoretical and practical understanding of work behaviour and human resource development. Implications – Providing direction includes; developing stress management programs, improving the quality of work life, and strengthening job satisfaction to improve employee performance and welfare.

Pertanian berperan penting dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun, tantangan terhadap keberlanjutan dan produktivitas pertanian meningkat. Ketergantungan pada pupuk kimia dan pestisida sintetis berdampak negatif pada lingkungan. Eco enzyme sebagai pupuk organik inovatif menawarkan solusi berkelanjutan. Eco enzyme meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas tanah serta mengurangi ketergantungan pada bahan kimia sintetis. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Nagari Lasi Kecamatan Canduang Kabupaten Agam, dari bulan Oktober 2022 hingga Mei 2023. Metode ini adalah melibatkan petani dan masyarakat lokal dalam setiap tahapan kegiatan. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mencapai transfer pengetahuan dan penerapan inovasi secara lebih luas dalam masyarakat. Perolehan hasil kegiatan yaitu inovasi ini dikenalkan kepada petani dan masyarakat melalui kegiatan-kegiatan demonstrasi kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan ini diharapkan memberikan pemahaman komprehensif tentang revitalisasi pertanian berkelanjutan melalui eco enzyme. Eco enzyme untuk pertanian dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penyerapan nutrisi oleh tanaman, mengurangi potensi pencemaran lingkungan dan meningkatkan kualitas tanah. Perbandingan produksi padi dengan dan tanpa Eco enzyme menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah eco enzyme adalah pupuk organik inovatif yang meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian, kualitas tanah, dan mengurangi ketergantungan pada bahan kimia sintetis secara berkelanjutan. Untuk rekomendasi ke depannya agar evaluasi komposisi eco enzyme, kajian lingkungan fermentasi, dampak pada kualitas tanah, efisiensi produksi, studi ekonomi, dan kerja sama antar lembaga.

Obesity has become a global issue that affects the emergence of various chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, dysplasia, heart disorders, and cancer. In this study, an integration method was developed between the metabolite profile of the active compound of Murraya paniculata and the exploration of the targeting mechanism of adipose tissue using network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vitro tests. Network pharmacology results obtained with the skyline query technique using a block-nested loop (BNL) showed that histone acetyltransferase p300 (EP300), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) are potential targets for treating obesity. Enrichment analysis of these three proteins revealed their association with obesity, thermogenesis, energy metabolism, adipocytokines, fat cell differentiation, and glucose homeostasis. Metabolite profiling of M. paniculata leaves revealed sixteen active compounds, ten of which were selected for molecular docking based on drug-likeness and ADME results. Molecular docking results between PPARG and EP300 with the ten active compounds showed a binding affinity value of ≤ -5.0 kcal/mol in all dockings, indicating strong binding. The stability of the protein-ligand complex resulting from docking was examined using molecular dynamics simulations, and we observed the best average root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.99 Å for PPARG with trans-3-indoleacrylic acid, which was lower than with the native ligand BRL (2.02 Å). Furthermore, the RMSD was 2.70 Å for EP300 and the native ligand 99E, and the lowest RMSD with the ligand (1R,9S)-5-[(E)-2-(4-Chlorophenyl)vinyl]-11-(5-pyrimidinylcarbonyl)-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4-dien-6-one was 3.33 Å. The in vitro tests to validate the potential of M. paniculata in treating obesity showed that there was a significant decrease in PPARG and EP300 gene expressions in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes treated with M. paniculata ethanolic extract starting at concentrations 62.5 μg/ml and 15.625 μg/ml, respectively. These results indicate that M. paniculata can potentially treat obesity by disrupting adipocyte maturation and influencing intracellular lipid metabolism.

Objective: Excessive melanin expression can lead to dermatological conditions such as Riehl melanosis, lentigo, freckles, and melasma post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Targeting melanogenesis, the synthesis of melanin, and inhibiting tyrosinase have been explored to mitigate its effects. However, many existing anti-melanogenic agents exhibit severe adverse side effects, necessitating searching for alternative options. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-tyrosinase activity of red betel leaves and identify bioactive compounds responsible for their inhibitory effects. Methods: A 70% ethanol extract of red betel leaves, and its fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) were evaluated for their anti-tyrosinase activity. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was measured using mushroom tyrosinase as the target enzyme. Subsequently, the bioactive compounds in the water fraction were identified through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis. Computational docking analysis was performed on the identified compounds to assess their inhibitory potential against tyrosinase. Additionally, ADMET and molecular dynamics analysis were also performed. Results: The water fraction of the red betel leaf extract exhibited the most robust anti-tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 value of 6.344 ppm. UHPLC analysis of the water fraction revealed the presence of several compounds. Among these, piperine, piperamide-C7:2 (2E,6E), and trichostachine exhibited intense inhibitory activity against tyrosinase, with docking scores of −7.04, −6.87, and −6.79 kcal/mol, respectively. Importantly, all three compounds complied with Lipinski's rules and were classified as non-toxic. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that piperine displayed minimal fluctuation throughout the simulation, as indicated by root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) analysis. Conclusions: Red betel leaves, particularly the water fraction, possess anti-melanogenesis activities. Piperine, piperamide-C7:2 (2E,6E), and trichostachine were identified as critical bioactive compounds responsible for the observed inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. These compounds exhibit solid inhibitory activity without violating Lipinski's rules or posing toxic risks. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations suggest the stability of piperine during the simulation. These findings highlight the potential of red betel leaves as a promising ingredient in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries for combating excessive melanin production.

Cosmos caudatus, a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine, is also consumed as a vegetable. This study aimed to determine the total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and metabolite profiles of C. caudatus extracts obtained using different extraction methods (direct and successive macerations) and solvents. In addition, metabolite profiles were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to distinguish samples and correlate them with their antioxidant activity. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in C. caudatus varied from 97.03 to 472.60 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried sample and 24.56–68.00 mg quercetin equivalent/g dried sample. Ethanol extracts obtained through direct maceration method showed the highest antioxidant capacity. PCA using LC-HRMS chromatogram data distinguished the samples with a total PC of 95.1% (positive ionization mode) and 98.5% (negative ionization mode). Using PLS-DA, we identified several compounds, such as isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, avicularin, rutin, quercitrin, and vitexin, which likely contribute to the antioxidant capacity of C. caudatus.

Sida rhombifolia belongs to the Malvaceae family and is often used to treat gout in Indonesia. S. rhombifolia has many efficacies and contains many different chemical components. The abundance and variation of chemical content and chemical compounds in this medicinal plant are challenging factors in ensuring medicinal plants' safety and quality control. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprint analysis derived from S. rhombifolia extract can also be used for the medicinal plant's quality control. This research aimed to develop the optimum condition for the chemical fingerprint analysis of S. rhombifolia using a TLC fingerprint analysis. A total of 11 bands were produced with optimum separation using silica gel 60 F254 TLC plate, a mixed mobile phase condition with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol (6.5:2:1.5). This fingerprint analysis performed an excellent separation in the TLC plate at 366 nm with sulfuric acid as reagent derivatization. In general, the results of the analysis validation, including stability, specificity, precision, and robustness of TLC fingerprints, met the acceptance criteria. The TLC fingerprint of S. rhombifolia can be distinguished from 2 related plants with similar leaf shapes, Turnera ulmifolia L. and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. The developed method was validated, so it could be used to control S. rhombifolia quality.

This study aims to develop a valid Virtual Microscopic Simulation (VMS) media used in light wave learning and evaluate the use of VMS media in increasing students’ level of understanding. The research method used in this research is research and development using the ADDIE model. The sample in this study consisted of 35 students at one of the universities in central Jakarta, Indonesia. The results showed that the development of VMS on the light wave material, when implemented, the gain test calculation increased the level of students’ understanding of 0.56 in the medium category. The results of the level of student understanding obtained complete understanding data by 52% of students understanding partly, 42% of students understanding incorrectly, and 3% of students not understanding. This shows that using VMS media on light wave material can enhance student understanding.

In Indonesia, Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr., known as Longevity Spinach or Sambung Nyawa, is commonly grown in tropical and subtropical Asian countries. Many biological activities of G. procumbens have been reported. As we know, the composition and concentration of metabolites, as well as plant parts will significantly affect the biological activities. In this work, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS was used for the putative identification of metabolites present in 70% ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves and stem extract. Also, we performed clustering of G. procumbens leaves and stem extracts using principal component analysis (PCA) with the peak area of the identified metabolites as the variable. Thirty-one metabolites were identified, and the number of identified peaks in the leaves is higher than in the stem. Those identified metabolites are phenolics, fatty acids, oxo monocarboxylic acids, porphyrins, and chlorophyll fragments. The PCA results showed that the leaves and stem extracts could be grouped, indicating that the composition and concentration of detected compounds differed.

Sida rhombifolia, also known as sidaguri in Indonesia, is a medicinal plant commonly used as a herbal medicine because of its metabolite and biological activities. One of the several factors that affect plant metabolite composition and concentration is the use of plant parts. In this study, the experiment aimed to identify the metabolite profile in the leaves and stem extracts of S. rhombifolia using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS-based untargeted metabolomics. The samples were distinguished by principal component analysis (PCA). Extraction of metabolites was conducted by sonication for approximately 30 min with 70% ethanol as the extraction solvent; 28 metabolites were identified. Seven metabolites were identified only in the leaves, three were identified only in the stems, and 18 other metabolites were identified in both the leaves and stems. These metabolites were categorized as flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, phenolic aldehydes, phenolic acids, ecdysteroids, fatty acids, and monoterpene lactones. Based on the classification results, PCA grouped the leaves and stem extracts of S. rhombifolia using the peak area variables of the identified metabolites.

Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh) is an endemic forest tree species found in Sulawesi whose basic information on its metabolite profile is still lacking. The objective of this research was to separate and identify putatively metabolite present in the leaves and wood of ebony across Sulawesi. Separation and identification of ebony metabolites were carried out using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. Using ultrasonication with ethanol as the extracting solvent, we used powdered ebony leaves and wood. The results showed that the metabolites contained in the leaves and wood of ebony were 59 metabolites. About 14 compounds were found in the leaves and wood, 21 compounds in the wood, and 24 compounds in the leaves. The identified metabolites are flavonoids, terpenoids, amino aldehydes, alkaloids, quinones, steroids, amino acids, fatty acids, and saccharides. Clustering of ebony using principal component analysis obtained leaves and wood groups using peak area of known compounds as the variable.

The aim of this literature study is to catch up on the inclusive development issues in the conception of disability perspective and participation of persons with disabilities in the development goals. This topic is in line with global development which targets seek to accommodate the needs of every citizen including persons with disability to be involved in development. The researcher is using a qualitative approach to construct the conceptual discussion between disability conception and the practice of participation. The data were documented and collected from articles of research that have Indonesian context and legislation. The discussion is described in 4 (four) areas of basic development which are education, health, employment, and accessibility.

The authenticity of essential oils has become an important issue in supplying essential oil raw materials for the pharmaceutical, perfume, and cosmetic industries. Citronella oil is one of the essential oils used in those industries. Cymbopogon nardus is one of the lemongrass species that can produce citronella oil. However, with the high price of citronella oil from C. nardus, there is a possibility of being substituted or adulterated with closely related plants, namely Cymbopogon citratus. This paper described the feasibility of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics analysis for rapid identification and authentication of C. nardus from C. citratus essential oil. NIR spectra of both essential oils and their mixture (10 % and 25 % v/v of C. citratus in C. nardus) showed a similar spectral profile, so we cannot easily discriminate them and need help from chemometrics analysis. For chemometrics analysis, we used absorbance data from the preprocessed NIR spectra at wavenumbers 4000–6500 cm−1. Using PCA, we could separate each essential oil from C. nardus and C. citratus but cannot discriminate between 10 % and 25 % of CC in CN. While using OPLS-DA with R2X(cum) = 0.88, R2Y(cum) = 0.859 and Q2(cum) = 0.723, we could group each sample. The OPLS-DA score plot clearly shows the difference between C. nardus and C. citratus essential oils and their mixtures. The combination of NIR and OPLS-DA could provide a suitable method for identifying and authenticating C. nardus from C. citratus essential oil.

The leaves of Annona muricata (sirsak), Gynura procumbens (sambung nyawa), and Typhonium flagelliforme (keladi tikus) have been used as traditional medicines in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the antioxidant capacity and putatively identified phenolics from the leaves of three medicinal plants forementioned above. We used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method for measuring radical scavenging (antioxidant assay) while the phenolics profiling was determined using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. The results showed that the percentage of radical scavenging activity of G. procumbens leaves extract in ethanol was higher than the other two plants. Phenolics profiling of the three medicinal plants was identified with 38 compounds belonging to flavones and flavanols hydroxycinnamic acid, and several other groups. The number of metabolites identified putatively was 12, 31, and 19 metabolites in the extracts of A. muricata, G. procumbens, and T. flagelliforme, respectively. The results confirmed the correlation between the phenolics presence and the antioxidant capacity of three plants used in this study.

Kaempferia angustifolia also known as kunci pepet in Indonesia, has been widely used as a traditional medicine to treat cold, cough, stomachache, diarrhea, fever, and dysentery, also used as a slimming agent. The level of biological activity depends on the composition and concentration of bioactive compounds present in the plants. In addition, extraction solvents affects the composition and concentration of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the metabolite profile of K. angustifolia and to evaluate the inhibitory potential of their various solvent extracts towards lipase enzyme. Extracts were prepared using water and different concentration of ethanol (30–99%) and then analyzed their metabolite profile using LC-MS/MS. Lipase inhibitory activity was assessed using in vitro enzymatic inhibition assay. In this study, profile of K. angustifolia was shown to be rich in terpenoids (monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids), and phenolics (carboxylic acid and phenolic acid). Most of the identified compounds were detected in ethanol extract of K. angustifolia. The ethanol extract at 100 μg/mL displayed 59.82% inhibitory activity towards lipase and was found to have the highest inhibitory activity compared to the other extracts. A partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed for clustering the extracts based on the peak area of 53 putatively identified compounds. Based on the result obtained, 50% ethanol extract is the best extract that gives the highest inhibition results and 15 metabolites were identified, mainly from the carboxylic acid and terpenoid groups.

Relevance. Aging is a progressive process of decrease in organs functions and capacity, including the skin. Photoaging is extrinsic aging mainly occurs due to ultraviolet (UV) exposure. The effectiveness of oral SOD for premature aging is still not yet known. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this antioxidant on total antioxidant status (TAS), skin hydration (TEWL), and sebum concentration in premature skin aging. Methods. This study is a clinical trial research design with one group pre-post test. All subjects were exposed to UV for approximately 3-4 hours. All subjects signed informed consent and were interviewed accordingly. Photoaging was diagnosed clinically by three dermatologists according to Glogau type II classification such as dynamic wrinkles, palpable keratosis, visible lentigo senilis, and smiley line. SOD 250 IU was given to all subjects twice daily for 60 days. Laboratory examinations such as TAS, TEWL, and sebum concentration were done pre and post-intervention. Results. A total of 25 subjects, Fitzpatrick skin type 4 were included in this study. There were 14 males and 11 females with 20 subjects age 30-40 years old and 5 subjects age 25-29 years old. Fourteen (56%) out of 18 subjects from the low TAS group have normal TAS post-treatment with SOD. McNemar test showed a significant increase in TAS value pre and post-treatment with SOD (p

Guazuma ulmifolia is one of the common tropical plants that has long been used as a traditional medicine to reduce body weight as slimming herbs and to lower the cholesterol in the body. The leaves of G. ulmifolia contain phenolics compound such as flavonoids and tannin that contributes to its biological activities. In this research, we determined the content of total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant activity, and FTIR spectrum profile from four extracts of G. ulmifolia leaves. The extraction method used in this study was stepwise maceration with different solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. The content of total phenolics and flavonoids were found high in ethanol extract of G. ulmifolia leaves with 35.42 and 44.85 mg QE/g dry powder, respectively. The highest content of total tannins was obtained in ethyl acetate extract of G. ulmifolia leaves as 0.55%. Antioxidant activity from four extracts of G. ulmifolia leaves was measured using DPPH, CUPRAC, and reducing power method. The highest antioxidant activity for DPPH and CUPRAC method was obtained in ethyl acetate extract with the antioxidant capacity as 55.47 and 98.17 µmol trolox/g dry powder, respectively. While using reducing power assay gives the capacity 176.75 µmol trolox/g dry powder in the water extract. The pattern of FTIR spectra from four extracts of G. ulmifolia leaves gives the distinct characteristics of each spectrum profile. Principal component analysis using FTIR spectrum shows good clustering for each extract with 94% data variability (PC1= 77% and PC2 = 17%). It can be concluded that each extract of G. ulmifolia leaves gives a distinct phytochemical profile (phenolics content, flavonoids, tannins, and FTIR spectrum) that contributes to the antioxidant activity. This antioxidant activity mainly influenced by the concentration of phenolic compounds, which is known to have antioxidant properties.

This study tries to explain the phenomenon of strengthening the Islamic conservatism movement, in the post Reform of the West Sumatra political context. Soon after the enforcement of the Regional Autonomy Law, various Islamic movements in West Sumatra massively emerged with various models and issues of the movement. Based on a qualitative approach, wherein the data is collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation related to various activities of the Islamic movement in West Sumatra, the results f this show that there has been a shifting pattern of its movements; from initially oriented towards the efforts to formalize Islamic sharia, towards Islamic conservatism. The movements, where it's based on religion or custom, which previously were more oriented towards the enforcement of Islamic Sharia legal-formally, later tends to become more socio-cultural movements oriented towards strengthening political identity.

The purpose of this study was to determine the various barriers faced by scavengers in satisfying the needs of family life and livelihood strategies of scavengers in the Final Waste Disposal Site (TPAS) in Kendari City. The research approach used is a qualitative descriptive approach. Informants in this study include the Head of Rukun Tetangga, Kendari City Sanitation Department staffers and 11 scavengers. The results of this study indicate that various barriers faced by scavengers in fulfilling the needs of family life in TPAS in Kendari City are scavengers who do not have their production assets, the difficulty of getting credit under the pattern of livelihoods, lack of alternative livelihoods. The strategies undertaken in fulfilling the life needs of scavenger families in TPAS in Kendari City include active strategies, passive strategies, and network strategies. Active strategy, when fulfilling the needs of life by a person or family by maximizing all the resources and potential possessed by their family. The passive strategy is a survival strategy that is done by minimizing family expenses. While the network strategy is a strategy carried out by utilizing social networks.

This study aims to discover the role and driving factors of the clove farmer's wife in meeting household needs in Patowonua Village, Lasusua District, North Kolaka Regency. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative, which is intended to describe reality in explanations and descriptive narratives. Data obtained through interview and observation techniques in the Patowonua Village community. The results of this study indicate that the role of the wife of a clove farmer in meeting household needs is helping the husband grow crops; managing household finances; sell the results of farming; borrow money from family; participate in producing agricultural commodities. The participation of clove farmer's wives in meeting household needs is driven by several factors, namely the desire to increase family income; to fill in spare time; and there is an encouragement of interest to help her husband.

Sample collection activities for a study of population genetics across the natural distribution of targeted tree species require a lot of resources, mainly if repeated field visits are necessary. Conventionally, population genetic studies use good sample material like leaves. In addition, cambium or small pieces of fresh wood can be used to replace leaf samples. Currently, restrictions from the permit regulation have caused only a limited number of samples that can be collected. Therefore, efficient use of samples must be designed to maximize their uses for research. Due to the small amount of successfully sampled materials, hence there are limitations to extend their uses for other analyses and are often sufficient only for genetic analysis. Therefore, innovation in sampling methods using pickering punch (https://www.agroisolab.com/pickering-punch) to collect ebony wood cores in this study is required to cover multi-analyses not only limited to genetics but also for other analyses such as isotopes, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs), anatomy, and chemical compounds. • Pickering punch is recommended for efficient wood core sample collection from ebony standing trees. • 323 wood core samples were successfully collected from 16 natural populations across Celebes (Sulawesi). • Multi-analyses studies on sampled wood cores are possible for ebony wood identification (e.g., species and origin/provenance).

Confirmed and possible reinfection cases of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported from various countries. Here we present two cases of possible SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. A 26 years old female and a 27 years old male healthcare workers were first confirmed by PCR with high Ct-value (>35) while presenting no or mild symptoms, respectively. In more than one month since the last negative test results, both patients developed typical COVID-19 symptoms; fever and anosmia. RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 were positive with Ct-value less than 30. The timeframe between 1st and 2nd episode, negative test result between episodes, and epidemiological risk factor strengthened the possibility of reinfection. However, we did not have whole genome sequence (WGS) or viral viability data to further confirm reinfection with different viable virus. The requirement of viral WGS data to confirm true reinfection cases calls for investment in whole genome sequencing platform in public health laboratories. We encourage standardized definition of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection case in order to be able to investigate and observe such cases.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara harga diri dan optimisme terhadap work family enrichment pada tenaga kesehatan wanita. Adapun hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan harga diri dan optimisme terhadap work family enrichment pada tenaga kesehatan wanita. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah tenaga kesehatan wanita di salah satu Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah di Kota X dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 90 orang. Skala yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala harga diri, skala optimisme dan skala work family enrichment. Skala tersebut diujicobakan terlebih dahulu pada 50 tenaga kesehatan wanita yang memiliki karakteristik yang sama dengan sampel penelitian.

Corruption is an extraordinary crime (extraordinary crime), so the handling must be done with extraordinary efforts. In this reform era, corruption is increasingly rampant involving various actors, from the central government to the lowest. From Transparency International (TI) data, Indonesia's 2017 Corruption Perception Index (CPI) is 37 and is ranked 96 out of 180 countries surveyed globally. Responding to the increasingly prevalent phenomenon of corruption, the world of education has begun to improve to answer the challenges of the swift currents of corruption. One of the efforts made is curriculum change. Curriculum changes that have been intensively discussed lately are the inclusion of anti-corruption character education at the pre-school to tertiary education levels. The purpose of this activity is to provide OSIS administrators with an understanding of anti-corruption character education, including understanding, rules, and implementation of anti-corruption character education in junior high schools. In contrast, the methods used are lectures, question and answer methods, and simulations with film screenings about anti-corruption characters in schools. The results of this activity showed that of the 30 (thirty) OSIS administrators who attended this event, almost 99% of them knew that corruption was a violation of the law. They could also explain corrupt practices that occurred in the school environment and their family environment, and sometimes they also become the perpetrator of the action.

The prevalence of bacteremia caused by carbapenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii (CNSAB) continues to increase, and it is associated with a high mortality rate. Early recognition of infection and mortality determinants risk factors is necessary for adequate antibiotic administration. We aimed to determine the risk factors and outcomes of CNSAB bacteremia in Indonesia. A multicenter case-control study was conducted in three referral hospitals in Indonesia. Data were collected retrospectively from January 2019 to December 2021. Cases were defined as patients with bacteremia where CNSAB was isolated from the blood, while the controls were patients with bacteremia caused by carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii (CSAB). Risk factors for bacteremia and mortality associated with CNSAB bacteremia were determined using univariates analysis (chi-squared and Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney test) and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 144 bacteremia patients were included, of whom 72 patients were for each case and control group. The final model of multivariate regression analysis revealed that bacteremia source from the lower respiratory tract (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.24; 95% CI: 1.58–6.63, p = 0.001) and the use of central venous catheter (aOR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.27–5.18; p = 0.009) were independent risk factors for CNSAB bacteremia. Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 4 (aOR: 28.56; 95% CI: 3.06–265.90, p = 0.003) and Pitt Bacteremia Score ≥ 4 (aOR: 6.44; 95% CI: 1.17–35.38; p = 0.032) were independent risk factors for mortality due to CNSAB bacteremia. Only high Pitt Bacteremia Score was an independent risk factor for mortality of CSAB bacteremia. In conclusion, we identified the risk factors for CNSAB-associated bacteremia and the risk factors for death, which are relevant for empiric therapy and infection control prevention, as well as prognosis evaluation of patients with bloodstream infections.

Carbapenem non-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii (CNSAB) is an important pathogen that causes nosocomial bacteremia among critically ill patients worldwide. The magnitude of antibiotic resistance of A. baumanii in Indonesia is expected to be significant; however, the data available are limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic profiles of CNSAB isolates from patients with bacteremia in Indonesia. CNSAB isolates from blood cultures of bacteremia patients in 12 hospitals in Indonesia were included. The blood cultures were conducted using the BacT/Alert or BACTEC automated system. The CNSAB were identified with either Vitek 2 system or Phoenix platform followed by a confirmation test using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, targeting the specific gyrB gene. The carbapenemase genes were detected by multiplex PCR. In total, 110 CNSAB isolates were collected and were mostly resistant to nearly all antibiotic classes. The majority of CNSAB isolates were susceptible to tigecycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), 45.5% and 38.2%, respectively. The blaOXA-51-like gene was identified in all CNSAB isolates. Out of the total, 83.6% of CNSAB isolates had blaOXA-23-like gene, 37.3% blaOXA-24-like gene, 4.5% blaNDM-1 gene, 0.9% blaIMP-1 gene, and 0.9% blaVIM gene. No blaOXA-48-like gene was identified. The blaOXA-23-like gene was the predominant gene in all except two hospitals. The presence of the blaOXA-24-like gene was associated with resistance to tigecycline, amikacin, TMP-SMX and cefoperazone-sulbactam, while blaOXA-23-like gene was associated with resistance to TMP-SMX and cefoperazone-sulbactam. In conclusion, the blaOXA-23-like gene was the predominant gene among CNSAB isolates throughout Indonesia. A continuous national surveillance system needs to be established to further monitor the genetic profiles of CNSAB in Indonesia.

A fetal growth chart is a vital tool for assessing fetal risk during pregnancy. Since fetal weight cannot be directly measured, its reliable estimation at different stages of pregnancy has become an essential issue in obstetrics and gynecology and one of the critical elements in developing a fetal growth chart for estimated fetal weight. In Indonesia, however, a reliable model and data for fetal weight estimation remain challenging, and this causes the absence of a standard fetal growth chart in antenatal care practices. This study has reviewed and evaluated the efficacy of the prediction models used to develop the most prominent growth charts for estimated fetal weight. The study also has discussed the potential challenges when such surveillance tools are utilized in low resource settings. The study, then, has proposed an alternative model based only on maternal fundal height to estimate fetal weight. Finally, the study has developed an alternative growth chart and assessed its capability in detecting abnormal patterns of fetal growth during pregnancy. Prospective data from twenty selected primary health centers in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, were used for the proposed model validation, the comparison task, and the alternative growth chart development using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that limited access to individual fetal biometric characteristics and low-quality data on personal maternal and neonatal characteristics make the existing fetal growth charts less applicable in the local setting. The proposed model based only on maternal fundal height has a comparable ability in predicting fetal weight with less error than the existing models. The results have shown that the developed chart based on the proposed model can effectively detect signs of abnormality, between 20 and 41 weeks, among low birth weight babies in the absence of ultrasound. Consequently, the developed chart would improve the quality of fetal risk assessment during pregnancy and reduce the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes.

Abstrak Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dapat menggambarkan bagaimana kualitas pelayanan persalinan di puskesmas. Puskesmas rawat inap Lubuk Buaya Padang termasuk penyumbang jumlah kematian ibu kematian ibu di kota Padang. Tujuan: Menentukan hubungan kualitas pelayanan Asuhan Persalinan Normal (APN) dengan loyalitas ibu bersalin. Kepuasan pasien sebagai confounding variable dan menganalisis kualitas pelayanan APN di Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya Padang tahun 2017. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain mixed method (kuantitatif dan kualitatif). Hasil: Pada analisis bivariat diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kualitas pelayanan asuhan persalinan normal (p = 0,004) dan kepuasan ibu (p = 0,001) terhadap loyalitas ibu bersalin. Pada analisis multivariat diketahui kepuasan ibu yang lebih dominan dibandingkan kualitas pelayanan APN dalam mempengaruhi loyalitas ibu bersalin (P=0,001, OR=8,867). Pada aspek input ditemukan bahwa pemerataan penempatan petugas di klinik bersalin puskesmas masih perlu diperhatikan, kemudian diberikan tambahan tenaga bidan untuk mengoptimalkan pelayanan di klinik puskesmas, dan untuk sopir ambulans, tidak selalu ada pada saat dibutuhkan. Aspek perencanaan belum direalisasikan dalam bentuk dokumen. Pelaksanaan pelayanan, langkah-langkah APN tidak selalu semuanya dikerjakan. Pada pengawasan tidak ditemukan dokumentasi hasil pengawasan yang telah dilakukan oleh pihak puskesmas kepada petugas di klinik bersalin. Simpulan: Capaian ibu yang melakukan persalinan normal di puskesmas lebih rendah dibanding jumlah ibu yang melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan.

Abstract Background Birth weight is one of the most important indicators of neonatal survival. A reliable estimate of foetal weight at different stages of pregnancy would facilitate intervention plans for medical practitioners to prevent the risk of low birth weight delivery. This study has developed reliable models to more accurately predict estimated foetal weight at a given gestation age in the absence of ultrasound facilities. Methods A primary health care centre was involved in collecting retrospective non-identified Indonesian data. The best subset model selection criteria, coefficient of determination, standard deviation, variance inflation factor, Mallows Cp, and diagnostic tests of residuals were deployed to select the most significant independent variables. Simple and multivariate linear regressions were used to develop the proposed models. The efficacy of models for predicting foetal weight at a given gestational age was assessed using multi-prediction accuracy measures. Results Four weight prediction models based on fundal height and its combinations with gestational age (between 32 and 41 weeks) and ultrasonic estimates of foetal head circumference and foetal abdominal circumference have been developed. Multiple comparison criteria show that the proposed models were more accurate than the existing models (mean prediction errors between − 0.2 and 2.4 g and median absolute percentage errors between 4.1 and 4.2%) in predicting foetal weight at a given gestational age (between 35 and 41 weeks). Conclusions This research has developed models to more accurately predict estimated foetal weight at a given gestational age in the absence of ultrasound machines and trained ultra-sonographers. The efficacy of the models was assessed using retrospective data. The results show that the proposed models produced less error than the existing clinical and ultrasonic models. This research has resulted in the development of models where ultrasound facilities do not exist, to predict the estimated foetal weight at varying gestational age. This would promote the development of foetal inter growth charts, which are currently unavailable in Indonesian primary health care systems. Consistent monitoring of foetal growth would alleviate the risk of having inter growth abnormalities, such as low birth weight that is the most leading factor of neonatal mortality.

Java turmeric (Curcuma xanthoriza) is one of the native plants from Indonesia. Java turmeric is known as a medicinal plant with a high content of volatile oils. In this study, we investigated the chemical profile of java turmeric essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation associated with different harvesting times of the rhizome (7, 9, and 11 months). The constituent of the essential oil was determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. About 19, 20 and 34 compounds were identified in 7, 9, and 11-month old java turmeric. Fifteen compounds were found in all samples namely β-elemene, zingiberene, γ-elemene, β-farnesene, α-curcumene, benzofuran, α-cedrene, epicurzerenone, ar-curcumene, germacrone, aromadendrene, α–longipene, trans-caryophilene, curcuphenol, and xanthorrhizol. This study showed the level of all compound detected in 7, 9, and 11 months old of java turmeric is different.

Resistensi antimikrob merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang besar yang dihadapi manusia sejak era ditemukan antimikrob. Angka multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa salah satunya semakin meningkat di berbagai belahan dunia yang berdampak pada kesulitan penanganan infeksi oleh bakteri ini. Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi MDR P.aeruginosa dan pola sensitivitasnya. Data diambil dari hasil kultur bakteri dan uji resistensi antibiotik dari berbagai spesimen klinis pasien di RSUD Arifin Achmad sepanjang tahun 2015. Uji resistensi dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Vitek 2 compact. MDR P. aeruginosa didefinisikan sebagai P. aeruginosa yang tidak sensitif terhadap tiga atau lebih golongan antibiotik berikut: meropenem atau imipenem, siprofloksasin, gentamisin atau amikasin, seftazidim atau sefepim, dan piperasilin/tazobaktam. Prevalensi MDR P. aeruginosa adalah 45,5%. Isolat MDR P. aeruginosa serta paling banyak berasal dari instalasi perawatan surgikal dan instalasi perawatan intensif, dan paling banyak berasal dari spesimen pus dan sputum. Sensitivitas P. aeruginosa paling baik dengan amikasin (76,9%), piperasilin/tazobaktam (57,2%), meropenem (57,0%), gentamisin (54,5%), sefepim (53,7%), seftazidim (49,6%), ciprofloksasin (48,8%) dan aztreonam (35,5%). Sensitivitas MDR P.aeruginosa terhadap antibiotik jauh lebih rendah dibanding dengan P. aeruginosa. Penelitian ini menunjukkan angka MDR P. aeruginosa tinggi khususnya di Pekanbaru. Pola sensitifas P. aeruginosa dapat menjadi pedoman dalam memilih antibiotik yang sesuai untuk infeksi karena P. aeruginosa. Kata kunci: Multidrug resistant, Pekanbaru, pseudomonas aeruginosa, sensitivitas antibiotik Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Arifin Achmad General Hospital Antimicrobial resistance is one of major public health problems since the era of antimicrobial discovery, inclusing multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa. The prevalence of this resistance is increasing in different parts of the world, leading to the difficulties in dealing with this bacteria. The aim of this descriptive retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa and its susceptibility profile. Data were collected from the bacteria cultures and antibiotic susceptibility test results from various clinical specimens in Arifin Achmad General Hospital throughout 2015. The test was performed in VITEK 2 Compact. MDR P. aeruginosa is defined as P. aeruginosa which is not sensitive to three or more following antibiotics: meropenem or imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin or amikacin, ceftazidime or cefepime, and piperacilin/tazobactam. The prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa was 45.5%. The isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa was mostly derived from pus and sputum specimens from the surgical ward and intensive care unit. . The most sensitive antibiotics was amikacin (76.9%) followed by piperacilin/tazobactam (57.2%), meropenem (57.0%), gentamicin (54.5%), cefepime (53.7%), ceftazidime (49.6%), ciprofloxacin (48.8%), and aztreonam (35.5%). Antibiotic sensitivity in MDR P. aeruginosa was much lower than in P. aeruginosa. This study shows a high prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa, especially in Pekanbaru. This susceptibility profile can serve as a guideline for the selection of appropriate antibiotics for infections caused by P. aeruginosa. Key words: Antibiotic susceptibility, multidrug resistant, Pekanbaru, pseudomonas aeruginosa

Curcuma aeruginosa is known as one of the components of herbal medicine with various biological activities. This research aims to identify the metabolites content of C. aeruginosa related to their biological activities using LC-MS fingerprint combined with chemometrics. C. aeruginosa from 3 areas in Java were collected and macerated with ethanol and then analyzed with LC-MS. Along with this analysis, the antioxidant activity of all samples was determined using CUPRAC method, and the toxicity was determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and chemometric method was used Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least square (PLS). Metabolites profiles showed 175 predicted compounds, in which the dominant compounds are from the sesquiterpene of Curcuma genus. The PCA metabolites profiles can separate the samples by their location of origin. Interpretation of the correlation between metabolites profiles and their bioactivities was determined using PLS technique. The results showed that the toxicity of samples was exerted by compounds with ion mass of 312.28 and 248.15, which have the highest antioxidant and toxicity potentials. Compounds with ion mass of 248.15 were predicted to be 9-Oxo-neoprocurcumenol, 7α,11α,-Epoxy-5β-hydroxy-9-guaiaen-8-one, Curcumenolactone A, or Curcumenolactone B. While compound with ion mass of 312.28 was predicted to tetrahydro-bisdemethoxycurcumin.

Objectives. To assess the impact of scientific and technical training on midwives’ abilities in collecting and recording the key performance indicators for fetal growth chart development in limited-resource settings. Methods. A descriptive design was used to describe midwives’ abilities in timely collecting and recording the minimum data required to estimate fetal weight and develop fetal growth chart. The study was conducted among 19 urban and rural midwives in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, between April 2016 and October 2017. The training provided access to antenatal care information on 4,946 women (retrospective cohort study) and 381 women (prospective cohort study). Results. The average amount of recorded antenatal care data on the key performance indicators of fetal growth assessment has been significantly improved (from 33.4% to 89.1%, p-value < 0.0005) through scientific and technical training. Conclusions. Scientific knowledge and technical abilities have enabled midwives to timely record routine data of the key performance indicators for fetal growth surveillance. Access to this information is vital during different stages of pregnancy. The information can be utilised as evidence-based guidelines to assess fetal risks through fetal weight estimation and to develop fetal growth chart that is currently not available in Indonesian primary healthcare systems.

Effect of Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn) Extract and Surimi Dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus) addition on Starch-Based Edible Film-Glycerol Mechanical Properties has been done. The purpose of this study is to create an active environment-friendly packaging material. Surimi additions are intended to improve the mechanical properties of bioplastics and additions of Rosella extract intended as a bio-indicator of acidity. The method used was Solvent Casting. An amount of surimi and rosella extract varied to obtain the best mechanical properties. The results shows that the addition of surimi and rosella flower extract significantly effect the elongation of Edible films produced up to 27%.

Latar belakang. Sepsis neonatorum masih menjadi kendala utama di bidang pelayanan dan perawatan neonatus. Diperlukan pemberian antibiotik empirik yang tepat dapat menurunkan angka kematian. Namun, terapi empirik yang tepat harus berdasarkan pola resistensi di tempat tersebut Tujuan. Mengetahui pola resistensi bakteri dari kultur darah pasien sepsis neonatal. Metode. Desain penelitian deskriptif retrospektif. Semua data hasil kultur dan uji resistensi antibiotik dari spesimen darah neonatus tersangka sepsis yang dirawat di Instalasi Perawatan Neonatus RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau periode Januari sampai Desember 2014 dimasukkan dalam penelitian. Hasil. Didapatkan 568 pemeriksaan kultur darah neonatus yang diduga sepsis, dengan hasil kultur darah positif 196 (34,51%). Mikroorganisme terbanyak yang ditemukan yaitu Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (29,08%), Candida sp (15,21%), B. cepacia (12,76%), A. baumanii (9,18%) dan K. pneumoniae (8,16%). Bakteri Gram positif paling sensitif dengan vancomycin dan linezolid, sedangkan bakteri Gram negatif paling sensitif dengan meropenem, amikacin dan tigecycline. Kesimpulan. Hasil kultur darah positif adalah 34,5%. Mikroorganisme yang paling banyak yaitu Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Candida sp, B. cepacia, A. baumanii dan K. pneumoniae. Bakteri Gram positif paling sensitif dengan vancomycin dan linezolid. Bakteri Gram negatif paling sensitif dengan meropenem, amikacin dan tigecycline

The background of this study is the teaching and learning process in the classroom VB SDN 002 Bagan Besar, Dumai in social studies that are still dominated by teachers so that students become passive blindly accept the material provided by the teacher and the learning outcomes are not satisfactory with an average value below KKM. This study aims to determine whether there is influence of the method of discussion, both individually and classically on learning outcomes in the VB class IPS Subjects in SDN 002 Bagan Besa Kecamatan Bukit Kapur, Dumai. The study was conducted for 32 students consisting of 20 men and 12 women. Data were collected through observation by the observer uses observation sheets to the data the method of discussion, and through postes unutuk learning outcomes data. The results showed that the method of discussion individually significant influence on student learning outcomes. Where 28 people declared complete their study of 32 students. Seen in the classical, was the method of discussion is also a significant influence, namely the classical completeness gain of 87.53%, with an average score 75.31. This means that the discussion method can improve student learning outcomes either individually or classical. Keywords: methods of discussion, social studies learning outcomes

Objectives. First, to assess the impact of scientific and technical training on midwives’ abilities in collecting and recording the results of routine antenatal care examinations. Second, to explore midwives’ views with regard to factors affecting their abilities to successfully complete the data documentation tasks. Methods. The study was conducted in South Kalimantan, Indonesia (April 2016-October 2017). Nineteen urban and rural midwives were selected. Access to antenatal care information on 4,946 women (retrospective cohort study) and 381 women (prospective cohort study) was granted. A descriptive and exploratory design was used to describe midwives’ abilities and challenges pertaining to timely collection and recording of results concerning antenatal care examinations. Results. Scientific and technical training has significantly improved the average amount of recorded antenatal care data (from 17.5% to 62.1%, p-value < 0.0005). Lack of awareness, high workload, and insufficient skills and facilities are the main reasons for the database gaps. Conclusions. The training has equipped midwives with scientific knowledge and technical abilities to allow routine collection of antenatal care data. Provision and adequate use of this information during different stages of pregnancy is crucial as an evidence-based guideline to assess maternal and foetal risk factors to ending preventable mortality.

Background Arifin Achmad Hospital is the largest hospital in Riau Province, Indonesia, which serves as referral hospital and offers tertiary care for sick neonates. Objective To review the performance of the Neonatal Unit of Arifin Ahmad Hospital as a mean to further improve the overall care Mth specific interest to improve neonatal outcomes. Methods We collected the clinical data of all patients admitted to the Neonatal Unit from 2008 to 2010. Diagnoses were classified according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (Revised leD 10). We evaluated the overall performance of the unit, including number of beds, number of patients, and bed occupancy rates (BOR). The spectrum of diagnoses was also described. Associations between clinical characteristics and patient outcomes were analyzed using univariate Chi square test. Results The number of available beds increased from 10 beds in 2008 to 24 beds in 2010, thereby decreasing the BORfrom 112% in 2008 to 82% in 2010, despite the yearly increase in number of patients (702 in 2008, 772 in 2009, and 821 in 2010). Most Neonatal Unit patients were male, aged 0􀁒3 days at the time of admission, had birth weights of 2500􀁒4000 grams, born in RSUD Arifin Achmad and were born vaginally. Respiratory problems, prematurity and infections were the three main reasons for admission. Birth weight, the presence of congenital malformations, referral status, and < 7 day length of stay were associated with mortality. Conclusions The performance of the unit increased during the 3􀁒year period of study. Most patients admitted had respiratory problems, fetal growth problems, or infections. We found that birth weight, congenital malformations, referral status, and decreased length of stay were prognostic factors for patient outcomes. [Paediatr rndones. 2012;52:356-61].

Background Congenital malformations are a global and continual issue, contributing to neonatal mortality. The incidence and prevalence, as well as distribution of congenital malformations vary among countries. Objective To determine the 'prevalence, distribution, and trends in congenital malformations which are important to develop plans to cope Mth the problem. Methods We reviewed all cases of congenital malformations admitted to the Neonatal Unit, Department of Child Health, Arifin Ahmad Hospital from 2008 to 2010. Data were collected from medical records. Diagnoses of congenital malformations were established by history􀁄taking, physical examination, and specific laboratory tests. Trends in the distribution of congenital malformation types, as well as clinical outcomes were highlighted. Results During the study period there were 2,317 infants admit􀁄 ted to the Neonatal Unit, 724 in 2008, 772 in 2009, and 821 in 2010. Most patients were referred by other hospitals, at the age ofO􀁄3 days. Most patients had normal birth weight and were de􀁄 livered vaginally. Of the 2,317 infants, 302 were diagnosed with congenital malformations; the most common congenital malfor􀁄 mations were of the digestive tract. The distribution of anomaly types was relatively constant over time, but the proportion of patients Mth congenital malformations discharged alive increased in the latter two years of the 3􀁄year period studied. Conclusion Most infants in our study had congenital malforma􀁄 tions involving the gastrointestinal tract. Distribution trends were constant over time. Further efforts should be made to better manage future cases. [Paediatr lndones. 2012;52:284,8].

A recent modeling study estimated that there could be as many as 20,000 human melioidosis cases per year in Indonesia, with around 10,000 potential deaths annually. Nonetheless, the true burden of melioidosis in Indonesia is still unknown. The Indonesia Melioidosis Network was formed during the first melioidosis workshop in 2017. Here, we reviewed 101 melioidosis cases (99 human and two animal cases) previously reported and described an additional 45 human melioidosis cases. All 146 culture-confirmed cases were found in Sumatra (n = 15), Java (n = 104), Kalimantan (n = 15), Sulawesi (n = 11) and Nusa Tenggara (n = 1). Misidentification of Burkholderia pseudomallei was not uncommon, and most cases were only recently identified. We also evaluated clinical manifestations and outcome of recent culture-confirmed cases between 2012 and 2017 (n = 42). Overall, 15 (36%) cases were children (age

Intersectoral collaboration between and within sectors is crucial to the success of primary health care and fast-tracks the attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Faculty of Medicine University of Riau (FMUR) commits to support these goals by producing high quality medical doctors to contribute to the improvement of community health status at the local and national levels. Having strategic geographical location (between South China Sea and Straits of Malacca) and homing for palm oil plantations, oil companies, paper and pulp mills, Riau Province is becoming one of the economic growth centers in Indonesia. Meanwhile, Riau is also facing challenges in health care service including endemicity of infection diseases (most importantly tuberculosis), triple burden of malnutrition (undernutrition, obesity and stunting) and the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases. FMUR has collaborated with health, industrial and government sectors as an attempt to expose students with real work environment. Medical students have ample opportunities to learn in several affiliated hospitals including referral provincial and district hospitals. In addition to facility support, intersectoral collaboration involves guest lectures, funding assistance and expertise sharing. In agreement with the centre of excellence, FMUR implements three pillars of higher education comprising of educational activities, research, and community services based on local needs namely marine, coastal and cross-border area. Our curricula has also been designed to meet with the local needs and facilitate the involvement of various agencies by developing courses such as health management, complementary medicine, and border health. In order to strengthen institutional capacity, FMUR has collaborated with other international and national educational institutes through joint research, scientific meetings and conferences. FMUR also supports for international student exchange to enhance interaction, cross-cultural exchange, and mutual intellectual interests between international and local students. The sustainability of intersectoral collaboration needs both effective communication and the development of professional relationships. Some issues pertaining to intersectoral collaboration are lack of practical initiatives from health and government sectors towards intersectoral collaboration, differences in sectoral policy and regulation and lack of budgeting.

This research was carried out in Yosomulyo village Metro Pusat Districk, Metro City. Objective of this reasearch was: (1) To know the different of red chili (Capsicum annum, L.) production beetwen using burn husk compost media plant and burn husk manure media plant. (2) To know the highest red chili (Capsicum annum, L) production beetwen using burn husk compost media plant and burn husk manure media plant. The methode for this research wed experiment methode. With two treatments, for each treatment have 16 samples red chili plant. The data take with weighing the crop, and analyzing wed normalitas and homogenitas, so was gotten the result of the research as wellfor two level equation test got thit 23,68 > tdaf 2,04 at obvious level α = 0,05, with the result thit > tdaf, refuse H0 and the meaning that any obvious difference of red chili production between use burn husk compost media plant and use burn husk manure media plant. For the two level difference test got thit 23,68 > 1,70 at obvious level α = 0,05 with the result thit > tdaf, refuse H0 and the meaning to the average red chili production with the burn husk compost media plant higher than production with the burn husk manure media plant. For education world, this research used the source for study biology subject about growth and development material. Kata kunci: media sekam bakar kompos, sekam bakar pupuk kandang, produksi cabai.