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Access to safe drinking water remains a global challenge, primarily due to the prevalence of water contamination in various regions. Numerous methods have been explored to address this issue and convert polluted water into potable sources. However, the cost associated with these methods often hinders their widespread adoption. Solar distillation, harnessed by abundant solar energy, emerges as a promising and sustainable solution. Although solar distillation technology has made significant advancements in recent years, the endeavor to boost its efficiency remains a substantial challenge. Typically, solar stills yield between 4 and 6 liters of fresh water per square meter of solar still per day under ideal circumstances. Notably, both single‐basin and double‐basin solar stills have been extensively researched to discover methods for enhancing their productivity. A notable innovation in this field, the tubular solar still (TSS), has gained recognition for its capacity to improve productivity. The present review article systematically examines the development of efficient and cost‐effective solar distillation systems on a global scale. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature pertaining to techniques employed to enhance TSS performance. The study categorizes these techniques, conducts in‐depth evaluations of both experimental and simulation studies, and offers a meticulous comparison of various strategies to optimize TSS functionality. Furthermore, the article identifies existing research gaps and puts forth prospective directions for advancing TSS efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaporative cooling has been utilized rigorously at places of less electricity access having hotter ambient (comparatively more temperature & less relative humidity). Current research study presents review of the previous research studies conducted all around the world. This paper presents various aspects related to pot-in-pot refrigeration and space heating systems. Aspects include performance, utility, setup arrangements, places of application, economy & materials to be used. Review of the available researches shows that pot-in-pot systems, on an average lower the temperature between 8-18°C, increase the relative humidity between 40-60%, Such systems are more useful and efficient at places nearer to equator where there is comparatively hotter ambient with less humidity. Review also reveals that this system is economical and cheaper than other refrigeration & space cooling techniques.

With the increasing demand for clean and fresh drinking water, there is a growing interest and necessity for the development of water distillation systems that incorporate green technologies. In light of this, the present research work focuses on the thermodynamic modelling and analysis of a newly conceptualized design called Double Basin Concentric Tubular Solar Stills (DBCTSS). The present investigation considers essential thermodynamic performance parameters that are applicable to any solar-based water distillation system. These parameters include the glass cover temperature, basin water temperature, basin temperature, daily yield of freshwater distillate, modified convective, evaporative, and radiative heat transfer coefficients, cumulative yield, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency. The research investigates the individual and combined effects of the upper basin and lower basin effect by using performance perimeters. The results demonstrate that both the first and second basin effects affirm the superiority of the proposed DBCTSS design. The total yield achieved by this system is 6.424 kg/m2, which represents a 51.86% increase compared to the experimental work conducted on a conventional tubular solar still that utilizes sand as the energy storage material (CTSS with sand). Furthermore, the maximum thermal efficiency for the first and second basin effects is found to be 60.053% and 37.48%, respectively. Similarly, the exergy efficiency values are determined to be 5.092% and 2.1%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work focuses on the investigation of the effects of (a) superficial oil velocity, and (b) inlet temperature to wall temperature ratio considering the two dimensional oil-water stratified flow in a horizontal pipe using ANSYS Fluent. Coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) have been used to capture the evolving interface assuming unsteady, coaxial flow with constant fluid properties. For both cases, the radial variation of oil volume fraction, mixture velocity, total pressure, and pressure gradient has been studied. The stratified flow pattern has been obtained for both cases. The pressure gradient has not been found to be very much sensitive to the inlet to wall temperature ratio. The analysis can helpful in predicting & preventing the blockage of the oil pipeline due to wax formation, by managing to control the fall of oil temperature below wax appearance state. Hence these findings could be useful in designing the transportation pipeline in the petroleum industries, chemical industries etc. and also in pipeline flow control administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pipeline transportation of slurry is being carried out all over the world. Slurry pipeline wear is one of the major problems associated with it. The wear rate of the slurry pipeline depends upon factors such as slurry properties, slurry particle properties, flow properties, and pipeline wall properties. Any change in these properties results in change in pipeline wear rate. There is a need to study the effect of individual properties, for predicting the slurry pipeline life span and also to find the methods to minimize the wear rate. In this review paper, an attempt has been made to discuss the parameters which are believed to be the primary factors that affect material wear rate. Several mechanisms and equations suggested by various researchers for the prediction of wear of materials are also reviewed. Most of the models incorporate the effects of only few parameters involved during the wear process. These equations are specific and valid up to limited operating conditions. No general equation have been evolved which can be used under any operating condition, with better accuracy. This can be attributed to lack of data at microscopic level and also to change in the wear mechanisms under various operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]