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1. 11T Dipole and New Connection Cryostats for Collimators

Author

Bordini, Bernardo, primary, Bottura, Luca, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Fiscarelli, Lucio, additional, Karppinen, Mikko, additional, Rijk, Gijs de, additional, Rossi, Lucio, additional, Savary, Frédéric, additional, Schörling, Daniel, additional, and Willering, Gerard, additional

Published
2024
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2. A Metallurgical Inspection Method to Assess the Damage in Performance-Limiting Nb3Sn Accelerator Magnet Coils

Author

Moros, Alice, Crouvizier, Mickael Denis, Santillana, Ignacio Aviles, Sgobba, Stefano, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Lusa, Nicholas, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, Milanese, Attilio, Todesco, Ezio, Devred, Arnaud, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Baldini, Maria, Ferracin, Paolo, Schmalzle, Jesse, and Vallone, Giorgio

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The design and production of Nb3Sn-based dipole and quadrupole magnets is critical for the realization of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Nb3Sn superconducting coils are aimed at enhancing the bending and focusing strengths of accelerator magnets for HL-LHC and beyond. Due to the brittle nature of Nb3Sn, the coil fabrication steps are very challenging and require very careful QA/QC. Flaws in the Nb3Sn filaments may lead to quenches, and eventually, performance limitation below nominal during magnet testing. A novel inspection method, including advanced non-destructive and destructive techniques, was developed to explore the root-causes of quenches occurring in performance-limiting coils. The most relevant results obtained for MQXF coils through this innovative inspection method are presented. This approach allows for precise assessment of the physical events associated to the quenches experienced b y magnet coils, mainly occurring under the form of damaged strands with transversely broken sub-elements. Coil-slice preparation, micro-optical observations of transverse and longitudinal cross-sections, and a deep etching technique of copper will be illustrated in the present work, with a focus on the results achieved for a CERN coil from a non-conforming quadrupole magnet prototype, and two coils fabricated in the US, in the framework of the Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) collaboration, from two different non-conforming quadrupole magnets, respectively. The results obtained through the proposed inspection method will be illustrated., Comment: Applied Superconductivity Conference 2022

Published
2022
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3. Challenges and Lessons Learned From Fabrication, Testing, and Analysis of Eight MQXFA Low Beta Quadrupole Magnets for HL-LHC

Author

Ambrosio, Giorgio, Amm, Kathleen, Anerella, Michael, Apollinari, Giorgio, Izquierdo, Gonzalo Arnau, Baldini, Maria, Ballarino, Amalia, Barth, Christian, Yahia, Anis Ben, Blowers, James, De Sousa, P Borges, Bossert, R, Bulat, Bartosz Wojciech, Carcagno, Ruben H, Cheng, Daniel W, Chlachidze, G, Cooley, Lance, Crouvizier, Mickael, Devred, Arnaud, DiMarco, Joseph, Feher, Sandor, Ferracin, Paolo, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, Fajardo, Laura Garcia, Gourlay, S, Hocker, Henry M, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Joshi, Piyush, Krave, Steven T, Lee, Elizabeth Marie, Levitan, Jeremy W, Lombardo, Vito, Lu, Jun, Marchevsky, Maxim, Marinozzi, Vittorio, Moros, Alice, Muratore, Joseph F, Naus, Michael, Nobrega, Alfred, Page, T, Pong, Ian, Perez, JC, Prestemon, Soren, Ray, Katherine L, Sabbi, GianLuca, Schmalzle, Jesse, Seyl, J, Sgobba, Stefano, Stoynev, S, Strauss, T, Todesco, Ezio, Turrioni, Daniele, Vallone, Giorgio, Van Weelderen, R, Wanderer, P, Wang, X, and Yu, Miao

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Accelerator magnets, HL-LHC, Nb3Sn, super-conducting magnets, ATAP-GENERAL, ATAP-SMP, ATAP-2023, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Engineering, General Physics, Electrical engineering, Condensed matter physics
Abstract

By the end of October 2022, the US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) had completed fabrication of ten MQXFA magnets and tested eight of them. The MQXFA magnets are the low-beta quadrupole magnets to be used in the Q1 and Q3 Inner Triplet elements of the High Luminosity LHC. This AUP effort is shared by BNL, Fermilab, and LBNL, with strand verification tests at NHMFL. An important step of the AUP QA plan is the testing of MQXFA magnets in a vertical cryostat at BNL. The acceptance criteria that could be tested at BNL were all met by the first four production magnets (MQXFA03-MQXFA06). Subsequently, two magnets (MQXFA07 and MQXFA08) did not meet some of the criteria and were disassembled. Lessons learned during the disassembly of MQXFA07 caused a revision to the assembly specifications that were used for MQXFA10 and subsequent magnets. In this article, we present a summary of: 1) the fabrication and test data for all the MQXFA magnets; 2) the analysis of MQXFA07/A08 test results with characterization of the limiting mechanism; 3) the outcome of the investigation, including the lessons learned during MQXFA07 disassembly; and 4) the finite element analysis correlating observations with test performance.

Published
2023

4. First CERN Cold Masses for the HL-LHC Interaction Regions

Author

Prin, Herve, primary, Axensalva, Jerome, additional, Bampton, Tavis, additional, Bourcey, Nicolas, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Ramos, Delio Duarte, additional, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Milanese, Attilio, additional, Pentella, Mariano, additional, Petrone, Carlo, additional, Principe, Rosario, additional, Rogacki, Piotr, additional, Straarup, Simon, additional, and Todesco, Ezio, additional

Published
2024
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5. Test Results of the CERN HL-LHC Low-$\beta$ Quadrupole Short Models MQXFS3c and MQXFS4

Author

Mangiarotti, Franco, Bajas, Hugues, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Bajko, Marta, Bordini, Bernardo, Bourcey, Nicolas, Duda, Michal, Desbiolles, Vincent, Feuvrier, Jerome, Fleiter, Jerome, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Chiuchiolo, Antonella, Devred, Arnaud, Ferracin, Paolo, Fiscarelli, Lucio, Mentink, Matthias, Nobrega, Alfred, Pepitone, Kevin, Ravaioli, Emmanuele, Schmalzle, Jesse, Todesco, Ezio, Perez, Juan Carlos, Vallone, Giorgio, Willering, Gerard, and Yu, Miao

Subjects
Nb3Sn, low beta quadrupole, quench, superconducting magnets, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Engineering, General Physics
Abstract

For the high luminosity upgrade of the CERN large hadron collider, lower β∗ quadrupole magnets based on advanced Nb3Sn conductors will be installed on each side of the ATLAS and compact muon solenoid (CMS) experiment insertion zones. As part of the technological developments needed to achieve the required field gradient of 132.6 T/m within a 150-mm aperture, short length model magnets, named MQXFS, are tested both at the CERN SM18 and Fermilab test facilities. The model magnets rely on two types of Nb3Sn conductors (restack rod process (RRP) and powder-in-tube (PIT)) and on an innovative bladders and keys design to provide mechanical support against the Lorentz forces. In 2016 and 2017, the powering tests of the first two models MQXFS3 (RRP) and MQXFS5 (PIT) proved that nominal performance (16.5 kA) could be reached with excellent memory of the quench current after thermal cycle. However both magnets showed a slow training behavior with clear observations of voltage disturbances before the quench. Besides, only MQXFS5 could reach ultimate current (17.9 kA) whereas erratic behavior was observed on MQXFS3 due to conductor local degradation at the head of one of the coils. In 2018, this limiting coil was changed and the applied azimuthal prestress increased. While ultimate current could then be reached, no stable current could be maintained due to identified defect on the outer layer of the new coil. Finally the outcome of the test of the new model MQXFS4, featuring the final RRP conductors that will be used for the series production and variation on the inner layer quench heater designs are here reported in details.

Published
2019

7. Towards MQXFB Series Coils

Author

Lusa, Nicholas, Devred, Arnaud, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Milanese, Attilio, Quassolo, Penelope Matilde, Straarup, Simon, and Todesco, Ezio

Abstract

The cold powering test of the first two MQXFB prototype quadrupoles, the Nb3Sn inner triplet magnets to be installed in the HL-LHC, has found performance limitations. This prompted putting on hold the coil fabrication, to review in depth the full manufacturing process, while in parallel performing destructive inspections on selected coils. In particular, the post-mortem analysis of the limiting coil in MQXFBP1 identified a recurrent defect on top of the inner layer pole turn in the 2D cross-section, in correspondence to the titanium pole-to-pole transitions in the longitudinal direction. The next two magnets, MQXFBP3 and MQXFB02, reached the required performance for operation in the machine at 1.9 K. However, they still showed a limitation at 4.5 K, with a phenomenology similar to the one observed on MQXFBP1 and MQXFBP2. The review of the coil manufacturing process pointed to some improvement axes, which are being treated in a systematic manner. With the aim of addressing the potential root causes, the coil production gradually restarted, with transition coils, where additional measurements were carried out and selected changes in the procedure implemented. This article presents the challenges of fabricating 7.2-m-long accelerator quality Nb3Sn coils, together with the solutions specifically adopted for MQXFB, which could be instrumental also for future projects.

Published
2024
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8. Curved-Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCCT) Dipole Prototype Development at CERN

Author

Haziot, Ariel, Kirby, Glyn, Dallocchio, Alessandro, Devred, Arnaud, Foussat, Arnaud, Gentini, Luca, Mangiarotti, Franco J., Pentella, Mariano, Petrone, Carlo, Pincot, Francois-Olivier, Rigaud, Jean-Sebastien, and Guardia-Valenzuela, Jorge

Abstract

Due to its flexibility in generating advanced field harmonic corrections and potential for low cost compared to traditional designs, the Canted Cosine Theta (CCT) configuration is particularly interesting for compact particle accelerators and gantries for medical applications. This article presents the design of a curved demonstrator named Fusillo, a Canted Cosine Theta Nb-Ti dipole magnet that is being developed at CERN, featuring a large aperture of 236 mm, a small bending radius of 1 m, a bending angle of 90$^{\circ }$, and multi-harmonic field correction, with a 3.61 T conductor peak field. We detail the magnetic coil design, incorporating high-order magnetic field correction of the errors produced by the heavily curved coil, peak field reduction at the coil ends, the development of a new rope type cable, and the mechanical design and the development of the former that supports the coil and provides the curved shape. We also present the first results of a subscale model used to qualify the coil's former manufacturing process, the rope cable, the coil winding optimization, and the coil impregnation system.

Published
2024
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9. Nb3Sn 11 T Dipole for the High Luminosity LHC (CERN)

Author

Bordini, Bernardo, Bottura, Luca, Devred, Arnaud, Fiscarelli, Lucio, Karppinen, Mikko, de Rijk, Gijs, Rossi, Lucio, Savary, Frédéric, Willering, Gerard, Chao, Alexander, Series Editor, Zimmermann, Frank, Series Editor, Oide, Katsunobu, Series Editor, Riegler, Werner, Series Editor, Shiltsev, Vladimir, Series Editor, Nakamura, Kenzo, Series Editor, Schoerling, Daniel, editor, and Zlobin, Alexander V., editor

Published
2019
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10. Status of the MQXFB Nb3Sn Quadrupoles for the HL-LHC

Author

Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, primary, Ambrosio, Giorgio, additional, Apollinari, Giorgio, additional, Ballarino, Amalia, additional, Barth, Christian, additional, Crouvizier, Mickael Denis, additional, Ramos, Delio Duarte, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Feher, Sandor, additional, Felice, Helene, additional, Ferracin, Paolo, additional, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, additional, Guinchard, Michael, additional, Lusa, Nicholas, additional, Mangiarotti, Franco, additional, Milanese, Attilio, additional, Moros, Alice, additional, Prin, Herve, additional, Russenschuck, Stephan, additional, Sgobba, Stefano, additional, Todesco, Ezio, additional, and Willering, Gerard, additional

Published
2023
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11. A Metallurgical Inspection Method to Assess the Damage in Performance-Limiting Nb3Sn Accelerator Magnet Coils

Author

Moros, Alice, primary, Crouvizier, Mickael Denis, additional, Santillana, Ignacio Aviles, additional, Sgobba, Stefano, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Lusa, Nicholas, additional, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, additional, Milanese, Attilio, additional, Todesco, Ezio, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Ambrosio, Giorgio, additional, Baldini, Maria, additional, Ferracin, Paolo, additional, Schmalzle, Jesse, additional, and Vallone, Giorgio, additional

Published
2023
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14. Nb3Sn 11 T Dipole for the High Luminosity LHC (CERN)

Author

Bordini, Bernardo, primary, Bottura, Luca, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Fiscarelli, Lucio, additional, Karppinen, Mikko, additional, de Rijk, Gijs, additional, Rossi, Lucio, additional, Savary, Frédéric, additional, and Willering, Gerard, additional

Published
2019
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19. Performance of first insert coil with REBCO CICC sub-size cable exceeding 6 kA at 21 T magnetic field

Author

Zhou, Chao, primary, Jin, Huan, additional, Fang, Zhen, additional, Xiao, Guanyu, additional, Ma, Hongjun, additional, Liu, Fang, additional, Liu, Huajun, additional, Ma, Tao, additional, Tan, Yunfei, additional, Chen, Wenge, additional, Wu, Zuojiafeng, additional, Kanazawa, Shintetsu, additional, Nijhuis, Arend, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Li, Jiangang, additional, and Qin, Jinggang, additional

Published
2022
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20. Performance of a MQXF Nb3Sn Quadrupole Magnet Under Different Stress Level

Author

Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, primary, Ambrosio, Giorgio, additional, Bordini, Bernardo, additional, Bourcey, Nicolas, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Ferracin, Paolo, additional, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, additional, Troitino, Salvador Ferradas, additional, Fiscarelli, Lucio, additional, Fleiter, Jerome, additional, Guinchard, Michael, additional, Mangiarotti, Franco, additional, Perez, Juan Carlos, additional, Takala, Eelis, additional, and Todesco, Ezio, additional

Published
2022
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21. A Metallurgical Inspection Method to Assess the Damage in Performance-Limiting Nb3Sn Accelerator Magnet Coils

Author

Moros, Alice, Crouvizier, Mickael Denis, Santillana, Ignacio Aviles, Sgobba, Stefano, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Lusa, Nicholas, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, Milanese, Attilio, Todesco, Ezio, Devred, Arnaud, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Baldini, Maria, Ferracin, Paolo, Schmalzle, Jesse, and Vallone, Giorgio

Abstract

The design and production of Nb3Sn-based dipole and quadrupole magnets is critical for the realization of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Nb3Sn superconducting coils are aimed at enhancing the bending and focusing strengths of accelerator magnets for HL-LHC and beyond. Due to the brittle nature of Nb3Sn, the coil fabrication steps are very challenging and require very careful QA/QC. Flaws in the Nb3Sn filaments may lead to quenches, and eventually, performance limitation below nominal during magnet testing. A novel inspection method, including advanced non-destructive and destructive techniques, was developed to explore the root-causes of quenches occurring in performance-limiting coils. The most relevant results obtained for MQXF coils through this innovative inspection method are presented. This approach allows for precise assessment of the physical events associated with the quenches experienced by magnet coils, mainly occurring in the form of damaged strands with transversely broken sub-elements. Coil-slice preparation, micro-optical observations of transverse and longitudinal cross-sections, and a deep etching technique of copper will be illustrated in the present work, with a focus on the results achieved for a CERN coil from a non-conforming quadrupole magnet prototype, and two coils fabricated in the US, in the framework of the Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) collaboration, from two different non-conforming quadrupole magnets, respectively. The results obtained through the proposed inspection method will be illustrated.

Published
2023
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22. Status of the MQXFB Nb3Sn Quadrupoles for the HL-LHC

Author

Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Apollinari, Giorgio, Ballarino, Amalia, Barth, Christian, Crouvizier, Mickael Denis, Ramos, Delio Duarte, Devred, Arnaud, Feher, Sandor, Felice, Helene, Ferracin, Paolo, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, Guinchard, Michael, Lusa, Nicholas, Mangiarotti, Franco, Milanese, Attilio, Moros, Alice, Prin, Herve, Russenschuck, Stephan, Sgobba, Stefano, Todesco, Ezio, and Willering, Gerard

Abstract

The cold powering test of the first two prototypes of the MQXFB quadrupoles (MQXFBP1, now disassembled, and MQXFBP2), the Nb3Sn inner triplet magnets to be installed in the HL-LHC, has validated many features of the design, such as field quality and quench protection, but has found performance limitations. In fact, both magnets showed a similar phenomenology, characterized by reproducible quenches in the straight part inner layer pole turn, with absence of training and limiting the performance at 93% (MQXFBP1) and 98% (MQXFBP2) of the nominal current at 1.9 K, required for HL-LHC operation at 7 TeV. Microstructural inspections of the quenching section of the limiting coil in MQXFBP1 have identified fractured Nb3Sn sub-elements in strands located at one specific position of the inner layer pole turn, allowing to determine the precise origin of the performance limitation. In this paper we outline the strategy that has been defined to address the possible sources of performance limitation, namely coil manufacturing, magnet assembly and integration in the cold mass.

Published
2023
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23. Status of the MQXFB Nb$_3$Sn quadrupoles for the HL-LHC

Author

Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Apollinari, Giorgio, Ballarino, Amalia, Barth, Christian, Crouvizier, Mickael Denis, Duarte Ramos, Delio, Devred, Arnaud, Feher, Sandor, Felice, Helene, Ferracin, Paolo, Ferradas Troitino, Jose, Guinchard, Michael, Lusa, Nicholas, Mangiarotti, Franco, Milanese, Attilio, Moros, Alice, Prin, Herve, Russenschuck, Stephan, Sgobba, Stefano, Todesco, Ezio, and Willering, Gerard

Subjects
Particle Physics - Theory
Abstract

The cold powering test of the first two prototypes of the MQXFB quadrupoles (MQXFBP1, now disassembled, and MQXFBP2), the Nb3Sn inner triplet magnets to be installed in the HL-LHC, has validated many features of the design, such as field quality and quench protection, but has found performance limitations. In fact, both magnets showed a similar phenomenology, characterized by reproducible quenches in the straight part inner layer pole turn, with absence of training and limiting the performance at 93% (MQXFBP1) and 98% (MQXFBP2) of the nominal current at 1.9 K, required for HL-LHC operation at 7 TeV. Microstructural inspections of the quenching section of the limiting coil in MQXFBP1 have identified fractured Nb3Sn sub-elements in strands located at one specific position of the inner layer pole turn, allowing to determine the precise origin of the performance limitation. In this paper we outline the strategy that has been defined to address the possible sources of performance limitation, namely coil manufacturing, magnet assembly and integration in the cold mass.

Published
2022

25. Pre-Load Studies on a 2-m Long Nb3Sn 11 T Model Magnet for the High Luminosity Upgrade of the LHC

Author

Gautheron, Emma, primary, Bordini, Bernardo, additional, Bourcey, Nicolas, additional, Sequeiro, Cristina Castro, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Duda, Michal, additional, Guinchard, Michael, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Lackner, Friedrich, additional, Perez, Juan Carlos, additional, Pincot, Francois-Olivier, additional, Pulikowski, Dariusz, additional, Fernandez, Jose Luis Rudeiros, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, and Willering, Gerard, additional

Published
2021
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27. An evaluation of the helical winding method applied to the next European dipole project

Author

Rochford, James H., Baynham, D. Elwyn, and Devred, Arnaud

Subjects
Magnetic fields -- Analysis, Niobium -- Magnetic properties, Superconducting magnets -- Design and construction, Tin alloys -- Magnetic properties, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The applicability of using a helical dipole winding for a high field [Nb.sub.3]Sn magnet is analyzed. The multi-layer approach is used for reducing the peak fields on the conductor and it has dictated a relatively small cable and operating current.

Published
2008

28. Stability of [Nb.sub.3]Sn superconducting wires: the role of the normal matrix

Author

Breschi, Marco, Trevisani, Luca, Bottura, Luca, Devred, Arnaud, Ribani, Pier Luigi, and Trillaud, Frederic

Subjects
Niobium -- Magnetic properties, Superconducting magnets -- Design and construction, Tin alloys -- Magnetic properties, Titanium -- Magnetic properties, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The stability of the [Nb.sub.3]Sn superconducting wires is analyzed and shown as a critical issue in the design and operation of reliable superconducting magnets. The evidence of a different qualitative behavior of the voltage traces recorded on [Nb.sub.3]Sn strands with respect to NbTi strands is described by using a model of [Nb.sub.3]Sn strands, which has considered electrical and thermal transverse resistances.

Published
2008

29. [Nb.sub.3]Sn wire layout optimization to reduce cabling degradation

Author

Farinon, Stefania, Boutboul, Thierry, Devred, Arnaud, Leroy, Daniel, and Oberli, Luc

Subjects
Finite element method -- Usage, Niobium -- Magnetic properties, Niobium -- Mechanical properties, Tin alloys -- Magnetic properties, Tin alloys -- Mechanical properties, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Finite Element (FE) calculations are used for studying the mechanical behavior of various Internal Tin (IT) strand configurations under deformation. These calculations are undertaken in order to isolate the influence of each parameter on the [Nb.sub.3]Sn wire deformations and also to find an optimum design minimizing cable damages.

Published
2008

30. Evaluation of the transfer of heat from the coil of the LHC dipole magnet to helium II

Author

Richter, David, Fleiter, Jerome, Baudouy, Bertrand, and Devred, Arnaud

Subjects
Helium -- Thermal properties, Particle accelerators -- Electric properties, Particle accelerators -- Thermal properties, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The transfer of heat from the coil of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) dipole magnet to helium II is evaluated. Findings reveal the transfer of nearly 1.4 to 1.7 times more power to helium II.

Published
2007

31. Finite element model to study the deformations of [Nb.sub.3]Sn wires for the Next European Dipole (NED)

Author

Farinon, Stefania, Boutboul, Thierry, Devred, Arnaud, Fabbricatore, Pasquale, Leroy, Daniel, and Oberli, Luc

Subjects
Finite element method -- Usage, Niobium -- Electric properties, Niobium -- Mechanical properties, Superconducting magnets -- Design and construction, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Finite Elements (FE) model is used for examining the deformations of [Nb.sub.3]Sn wires for the Next European Dipole (NED). Findings reveal the non-symmetrical left and right sides after a 24 percent reduction in diameter of the wires.

Published
2007

32. 2D magnetic design and optimization of a 88-mm aperture 15T dipole for NED

Author

Schwerg, Nikolai, Vollinger, Christine, Devred, Arnaud, and Leroy, Daniel

Subjects
Ferromagnetism -- Analysis, Magnetization -- Research, Superconductors -- Magnetic properties, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The article presents the re-optimization of cos-theta, layer-type dipole for Next European Dipole (NED) in order to improve geometric multipole coefficients. Findings reveal that it is possible to reduce the superconductor magnetization effects by additional ferromagnetic shims on the wedges.

Published
2007

33. A finite element model for mechanical analysis of LHC main dipole magnet coils

Author

Pojer, Mirko, Devred, Arnaud, and Scandale, Walter

Subjects
Finite element method -- Usage, Hysteresis -- Research, Superconducting magnets -- Usage, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The exhibition of hysteretic behavior by the magnet coil upon loading or unloading is discussed. The ideal collaring cycle is found responsible for unloading down to around 70 MPa and includes loading up to nearly 140 MPa.

Published
2007

35. Insulation systems for Nb[subscript 3]Sn accelerator magnet coils manufactured by the 'Wind & React' technique

Author

Devred, Arnaud

Subjects
Insulation (Heat) -- Research, Superconducting magnets -- Research, Electrical equipment and supplies industry -- Research, Electrical engineering, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries, European Organization for Nuclear Research -- Conferences, meetings and seminars
Abstract

Cable insulation remains as a critical concern for Wind & React Nb[subscript 3]Sn coils. Various schemes are under development that show promise as technically viable, cost-effective solutions.

Published
2002

36. Research on mechanical properties of high-performance cable-in-conduit conductors with different design

Author

Guo, Zichuan, primary, Dai, Chao, additional, Qin, Jinggang, additional, Zhou, Chao, additional, Li, Jiangang, additional, Yu, Wu, additional, Liu, Fang, additional, Yang, Dongsheng, additional, Huang, Chuanjun, additional, Li, Laifeng, additional, Zhang, Hengcheng, additional, Xue, Tianjun, additional, Nijhuis, Arend, additional, and Devred, Arnaud, additional

Published
2020
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37. Tcs Measurement Result of ITER Toroidal Field Insert Coil Tested in 2016

Author

Ozeki, Hidemasa, Isono, Takaaki, Kawano, Katsumi, Suwa, Tomone, Takahashi, Yoshikazu, Koizumi, Norikiyo, Hemmi, Tsutomu, Martovetsky, Nicolai, Breschi, Marco, Bessette, Denis, Gauthier, Florent, Devred, Arnaud, Ozeki, Hidemasa, Isono, Takaaki, Kawano, Katsumi, Suwa, Tomone, Takahashi, Yoshikazu, Koizumi, Norikiyo, Hemmi, Tsutomu, Martovetsky, Nicolai, Breschi, Marco, Bessette, Deni, Gauthier, Florent, and Devred, Arnaud

Subjects
ITER, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Material, current sharing temperature, toroidal field (TF) coil conductor, TF insert coil, Condensed Matter Physic, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, central solenoid (CS) model coil
Abstract

Quantum and radiological science and technology performed a toroidal field (TF) insert coil (TFIC) test in 2016-2017, which was newly developed in 2014 with the ITER TF conductor, in the central solenoid model coil test facility. According to the test program, the TFIC underwent more than 1000 cycles of energization to 68 kA under a 10.8 T background field, which represents the lifetime electromagnetic loads of ITER TF coils. Then, five cycles of warm-up to 290 K and cool-down to a temperature lower than 5 K were also performed. Through the test campaign, the transition of the current sharing temperature (Tcs) was measured under the above energization condition. In parallel, two SULTAN test samples fabricated from the same TF conductor as the TFIC were tested by the similar test sequence to that of the TFIC, and the Tcsmeasurement results of the TFIC and the SULTAN samples were compared. In this paper, the test results mentioned above are reported.

Published
2018

38. Test Results of the CERN HL-LHC Low-beta Quadrupole Short Models MQXFS3c and MQXFS4

Author

Mangiarotti, Franco, Bajas, Hugues, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Bajko, Marta, Bordini, Bernardo, Bourcey, Nicolas, Duda, Michal, Desbiolles, Vincent, Feuvrier, Jerome, Fleiter, Jerome, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Chiuchiolo, Antonella, Devred, Arnaud, Ferracin, Paolo, Fiscarelli, Lucio, Mentink, Matthias, Nobrega, Alfred, Pepitone, Kevin, Ravaioli, Emmanuele, Schmalzle, Jesse, Todesco, Ezio, Perez, Juan Carlos, Vallone, Giorgio, Willering, Gerard, Yu, Miao, Mangiarotti, Franco, Bajas, Hugues, Ambrosio, Giorgio, Bajko, Marta, Bordini, Bernardo, Bourcey, Nicolas, Duda, Michal, Desbiolles, Vincent, Feuvrier, Jerome, Fleiter, Jerome, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Chiuchiolo, Antonella, Devred, Arnaud, Ferracin, Paolo, Fiscarelli, Lucio, Mentink, Matthias, Nobrega, Alfred, Pepitone, Kevin, Ravaioli, Emmanuele, Schmalzle, Jesse, Todesco, Ezio, Perez, Juan Carlos, Vallone, Giorgio, Willering, Gerard, and Yu, Miao

Abstract

For the high luminosity upgrade of the CERN large hadron collider, lower beta* quadrupole magnets based on advanced Nb3Sn conductors will be installed on each side of the ATLAS and compact muon solenoid (CMS) experiment insertion zones. As part of the technological developments needed to achieve the required field gradient of 132.6 T/m within a 150-mm aperture, short length model magnets, named MQXFS, are tested both at the CERN SM18 and Fermilab test facilities. The model magnets rely on two types of Nb3Sn conductors (restack rod process (RRP) and powderin-tube (PIT)) and on an innovative bladders and keys design to provide mechanical support against the Lorentz forces. In 2016 and 2017, the powering tests of the first two models MQXFS3 (RRP) and MQXFS5 (PIT) proved that nominal performance (16.5 kA) could be reached with excellent memory of the quench current after thermal cycle. However both magnets showed a slow training behavior with clear observations of voltage disturbances before the quench. Besides, only MQXFS5 could reach ultimate current (17.9 kA) whereas erratic behavior was observed on MQXFS3 due to conductor local degradation at the head of one of the coils. In 2018, this limiting coil was changed and the applied azimuthal prestress increased. While ultimate current could then be reached, no stable current could be maintained due to identified defect on the outer layer of the new coil. Finally the outcome of the test of the new model MQXFS4, featuring the final RRP conductors that will be used for the series production and variation on the inner layer quench heater designs are here reported in details.

Published
2019
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39. Pre-Load Studies on a 2-m Long Nb3Sn 11 T Model Magnet for the High Luminosity Upgrade of the LHC.

Author

Gautheron, Emma, Bordini, Bernardo, Bourcey, Nicolas, Sequeiro, Cristina Castro, Devred, Arnaud, Duda, Michal, Guinchard, Michael, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, Lackner, Friedrich, Perez, Juan Carlos, Pincot, Francois-Olivier, Pulikowski, Dariusz, Fernandez, Jose Luis Rudeiros, Savary, Frederic, and Willering, Gerard

Subjects
SUPERCONDUCTING magnets, MAGNETS, LARGE Hadron Collider, LUMINOSITY
Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade requires the replacement of standard 8.3 T Nb-Ti main dipole magnets with pairs of shorter 11 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets. After the manufacturing and testing of several 2 m-long 11 T models, the full-length 11 T magnet series production is now ongoing. As a result of a degraded quench performance in several short models, attributed to excessive stress in the coils’ midplanes, an upper hard limit for the coils’ pre-stress was set to avoid any conductor degradation. With the aim of further investigating the influence of a lower pre-stress, an additional double-aperture short model was manufactured. The first aperture was assembled with the standard pre-stress target, in line with the series production. The second aperture was assembled with half of the standard pre-stress. Both apertures were then assembled into a 2-in-1 structure, but connected individually in order to power them independently to allow for comparison studies. Contrary to previously built 11 T magnets, the conductor type is also different as Powder-in-tube (PIT) cable was used, instead of standard Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) cable. Additionally, the quench heaters for magnet protection were not impregnated as previously done, but placed on the outer radial surface of the coils, in agreement with the final decision for the 11 T series production. This paper describes the manufacturing and testing campaign results of this last 11 T short model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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40. Manufacture and Test of the ITER TF Type HTS Current Lead Prototypes

Author

Ding, Kaizhong, primary, Zhou, Tingzhi, additional, Ballarino, Amalia, additional, Gung, Chenyu, additional, Lu, Kun, additional, Song, Yuntao, additional, Niu, Erwu, additional, Bauer, Pierre, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Lee, Seungje, additional, Fernandez, Antonio Vergara, additional, Taylor, Thomas, additional, and Yang, Yifeng, additional

Published
2019
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41. Mechanical Analysis of the Collaring Process of the 11 T Dipole Magnet

Author

Ferracin, Paolo, primary, Bottura, Luca, additional, Bourcey, Nicolas, additional, Daly, Michael, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Troitino, Jose Ferradas, additional, Ferradas Troitino, Salvador, additional, Grosclaude, Philippe, additional, Guinchard, Michael, additional, Loffler, Christian, additional, Nilsson, Emelie, additional, Perez, Juan Carlos, additional, Fernandez, Jose Luis Rudeiros, additional, Savary, Frederic, additional, Vallone, Giorgio, additional, and Wolf, Felix, additional

Published
2019
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42. Test Results of the CERN HL-LHC Low- $\beta$Quadrupole Short Models MQXFS3c and MQXFS4

Author

Mangiarotti, Franco, primary, Bajas, Hugues, additional, Ambrosio, Giorgio, additional, Bajko, Marta, additional, Bordini, Bernardo, additional, Bourcey, Nicolas, additional, Duda, Michal, additional, Desbiolles, Vincent, additional, Feuvrier, Jerome, additional, Fleiter, Jerome, additional, Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo, additional, Chiuchiolo, Antonella, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Ferracin, Paolo, additional, Fiscarelli, Lucio, additional, Mentink, Matthias, additional, Nobrega, Alfred, additional, Pepitone, Kevin, additional, Ravaioli, Emmanuele, additional, Schmalzle, Jesse, additional, Todesco, Ezio, additional, Perez, Juan Carlos, additional, Vallone, Giorgio, additional, Willering, Gerard, additional, and Yu, Miao, additional

Published
2019
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43. Magnet Infrastructure Facilities for ITER (MIFI): Description and Activities Overview

Author

Peluso, Bertrand, primary, Piccin, Roland, additional, Bale, Y., additional, Bayetti, P., additional, Boyer, Christelle, additional, Bremond, S., additional, Brilleman, T., additional, Cerignat, S., additional, Clayton, Nicholas, additional, Decool, Patrick, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Doshi, K., additional, Dumoulin, O., additional, Fontaine, A., additional, Gung, Chen-Yu, additional, Kim, Hyungjun, additional, Huygen, Sebastien, additional, Journeaux, Jean-Yves, additional, Kazuya, Hamada, additional, Laquiere, J., additional, Laurenti, A., additional, Martin, Baptiste, additional, Michelier, P., additional, Mitchell, Neil, additional, Nicolas, L., additional, Pignoly, E., additional, Tena, P., additional, Torre, Alexandre, additional, and Vostner, Alexander, additional

Published
2018
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44. ${\boldsymbol T}_{{\mathbf{cs}}}$ Measurement Result of ITER Toroidal Field Insert Coil Tested in 2016

Author

Ozeki, Hidemasa, primary, Isono, Takaaki, additional, Kawano, Katsumi, additional, Suwa, Tomone, additional, Takahashi, Yoshikazu, additional, Koizumi, Norikiyo, additional, Hemmi, Tsutomu, additional, Martovetsky, Nicolai, additional, Breschi, Marco, additional, Bessette, Denis, additional, Gauthier, Florent, additional, and Devred, Arnaud, additional

Published
2018
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45. Progress of ITER Feeder System Electrical Insulation Qualification

Author

Huang, Xiongyi, primary, Liu, Chen, additional, Gung, Chen-yu, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, Niu, Erwu, additional, Song, Yuntao, additional, Clayton, Nicholas, additional, Lu, Kun, additional, Li, Guoliang, additional, Wang, Chao, additional, Dai, Zhiheng, additional, Wang, Chunyu, additional, Yu, Xiaowu, additional, and Fang, Linlin, additional

Published
2018
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47. Qualification Program of Lap Joints for ITER Coils

Author

Ilyin, Yuri, primary, Simon, Fabrice, additional, Hua, Qing, additional, Baikalov, Andrei, additional, Gung, Chen-Yu, additional, Kim, Hyungjun, additional, Turck, Bernard, additional, Hamada, Kazuya, additional, Koczorowski, Sebastien, additional, Dolgetta, Nello, additional, Carl, Cormany, additional, Gaxiola, Enrique, additional, Vostner, Alexander, additional, Lim, Byung Su, additional, Libeyre, Paul, additional, Devred, Arnaud, additional, and Mitchell, Neil, additional

Published
2018
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50. Doping-Induced Isotopic Mg11B2 Bulk Superconductor for Fusion Application

Author

Cai, Qi, Guo, Qianying, Liu, Yongchang, Ma, Zongqing, Li, Huijun, Qiu, Wenbin, Patel, Dipakkumar, Jie, Hyunseock, Kim, Jung Ho, Somer, Mehmet, Yanmaz, Ekrem, Devred, Arnaud, Luzin, Vladimir, Fatehmulla, Amanullah, Farooq, Wazirzada, Gajda, Daniel, Bando, Yoshio, Yamauchi, Yusuke, Pradhan, Subrata, Hossain, Md Shahriar, Cai, Qi, Guo, Qianying, Liu, Yongchang, Ma, Zongqing, Li, Huijun, Qiu, Wenbin, Patel, Dipakkumar, Jie, Hyunseock, Kim, Jung Ho, Somer, Mehmet, Yanmaz, Ekrem, Devred, Arnaud, Luzin, Vladimir, Fatehmulla, Amanullah, Farooq, Wazirzada, Gajda, Daniel, Bando, Yoshio, Yamauchi, Yusuke, Pradhan, Subrata, and Hossain, Md Shahriar

Abstract

Superconducting wires are widely used for fabricating magnetic coils in fusion reactors. Superconducting magnet system represents a key determinant of the thermal efficiency and the construction/operating costs of such a reactor. In consideration of the stability of 11B against fast neutron irradiation and its lower induced radioactivation properties, MgB2 superconductor with 11B serving as the boron source is an alternative candidate for use in fusion reactors with a severe high neutron flux environment. In the present work, the glycine-doped Mg11B2 bulk superconductor was synthesized from isotopic 11B powder to enhance the high field properties. The critical current density was enhanced (103 A·cm−2 at 20 K and 5 T) over the entire field in contrast with the sample prepared from natural boron.

Published
2017

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