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Ovo istraživanje za cilj je imalo istražiti socijalni kapital zadarskog stanovništva. Socijalnom kapitalu pristupalo se koristeći kvalitativne i kvantitativne istraživačke metode te pri tom povezujući deskriptivnu fenomenologiju Amadea Giorgija, te adaptivnu-teoriju za čiji je razvoj zaslužan Derek Layder. Deskriptivno-fenomenološkim pristupom prvo je istraživano značenje triju društvenih fenomena – društvenih veza, povjerenja i građanskog angažmana. Prema nalazima te studije društvene veze primarno su orijentirane na sigurnost i socijalni hedonizam, a karakterizira ih i trajnost te lokalnost. Osjećaj sigurnost je bitan i kod fenomena povjerenja, koje se prema iskustvima sudionika izgrađuje u dužem vremenskom hodu, kao proces u kojem se ukazano povjerenje, uglavnom bliskim osobama, opetovano testira. Građanski angažman s druge strane predstavlja fenomen vrlo varijabilan u pogledu značenja koja mu sudionici kvalitativnog istraživanja pridaju, te oblicima djelovanja koje uključuju u značenje tog fenomena. Angažman je uglavnom fokusiran na pitanja očuvanja društvenog reda. Kao bitan aspekt građanskog angažmana mogu se navesti angažman fokusiran na estetsku skrb za urbani okoliš, te masovniji oblici periodičnog angažmana, potaknuti simpatijom i sažaljenjem spram potrebitih. U adaptivno-teorijskom dijelu disertacije SK je raščlanjen u dva teorijska modela. Prvi od njih razmatra ne-lokalni oblik SK, dok drugi razmatra SK susjedstva. Kod ne-lokalnog SK bitni čimbenici koji doprinose akumulaciji SK su obrazovanje te religioznost individue, te koncept amoralnog familizma koji ima nešto zamršenije efekte na različite dimenzije SK, pri čemu je taj proces odgovoran za izostanak određenih segmenata SK, dok u drugim slučajevima potiče njihovu vitalnost. U kontekstu političke participacije bitnim se pokazuje i osjećaj političke bespomoćnosti. Drugi cilj disertacije bio je i testirati Putnamovu teoriju SK. Na razini ne-lokalnog modela ta teorija je u većoj mjeri potvrđena. Kod SK susjedstva ključni čimbenici u izgradnji SK su religioznost, te obrazovanje individue. Pored toga bitnim čimbenicima se pokazuju i emocionalna privrženosti susjedstvu kao društvenofizičkoj cjelini te gustoća naseljenosti stambenog područja. Kod testiranja Putnamove teorije na razini susjedstva rezultati su pokazali da je teorija u potpunosti potvrđena, dok takve nalaze sugeriraju i rezultati testiranja te teorije i na razini svake od triju stambenih zona u kojima je ta teorija razmatrana. Nalazi istraživanja ukazali su da se kod teorije SK radi o vrlo korisnoj sociološkoj teoriji koja se potvrđuje na različitim teorijskim razinama. Pored toga rezultati istraživanja sugeriraju kako je SK sklop međusobno jačajućih mehanizama koji su relativno neovisni o urbanističko-arhitektonskim značajkama unutar kojih se ti procesi odvijaju. Ovo istraživanje ima i značajan metodološki doprinos, budući da se radi o novijem metodološkom razvoju, kako u pogledu povezivanja fenomenološkog istraživanja s kvantitativnim istraživačkim pristupima, tako i zbog samog povezivanja deskriptive fenomenologije s adaptivnom teorijom. This research was set to explore social capital of the inhabitants of the city of Zadar. Social capital was researched by use of both, qualitative and quantitative methods, and for that purpose it combined two research approaches – Giorgi's descriptive phenomenology and Layder's adaptive-theory. In the phenomenological part of the research three phenomena were examined - social ties, trust, and civic engagement. This research section indicated that social ties are mainly focused on social support and social hedonism as well as that they are characterized by permanence and locality. Feelings of safety is also an important constituent of the phenomenon of trust, which according to the experiences of the research participants is built in a longer time and among persons that are closely related. Civic engagement shows great variety, both in the meaning participants ascribe to the phenomenon as well as types of attitudes and actions they include in the constituents of the phenomena. Engagement is mostly focused on the issues of social order maintenance. An important aspect of that phenomenon is engagement aimed at the esthetics of urban landscape and periodic, mass engagement triggered by the awareness of the problems of the persons who need certain type of help. In the adaptivetheory part of the dissertation social capital was analyzed in the context of two theoretical models. First addressed non-local model while the other analyzed social capital within the neighborhood. In the first model social capital, according to the research results was determined by the education and religiosity as well as the concept of amoral familism. The latter concept has complex effects on the accumulation of social capital in which it is responsible for both, lack of certain aspects of social capital as well as for their vibrance. In the context of conventional political participation, the feeling of political powerlessness was also important in explaining lower levels of that type of civic engagement. The second goal of the thesis was also to test Putnam’s theory of social capital. On the first level in which social capital was explored Putnam’s theory was largely confirmed. In the context of neighborhood social capital, the key processes relevant for the accumulation of social capital are religiosity and education, as well as neighborhood attachment and the urban density. The testing of Putnam’s theory on this level showed that the theory can be fully confirmed. The results of this research indicated that social capital theory is relevant on different levels on which it was explored as well as that it is relatively autonomous from the urban context in which social capital as a self-accumulating mechanism exists. This research also had methodological contribution, since it is one of the rare research approaches that combines phenomenology and quantitative research methods, as well as for combining descriptive phenomenology and adaptive theory.

Effective implementation of policy measures in times of crisis, such as those measures required for the successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic, largely depends on the trust that citizens have towards the public institutions. This presentation elaborates on findings from an exploratory sequential mixed methods PhD research project, aimed at detecting relevant determinants of social trust of the inhabitants of Croatian coastal city of Zadar. Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews revealed that several factors influence the formation of social trust in general. Among those factors key negative role is ascribed to the exposure to the news media. According to the interview participants, news media prioritizes contents such as crime, violence, and corruption, and therefore exhibits negative effects on the social trust. The subsequent quantitative analysis (N=348) was performed to examine the effects of the exposure to the news, along with other predictors derived from the qualitative research phase, and several control variables (gender, age, education, religiosity), on the trust in the institutions. The results indicated that, in contrast to the expectation, exposure to the news on the traditional media (newspaper, radio, TV) has positive effect on the trust towards the public institutions, while exposure to the news on the Internet has no significant effect on this type of social trust. Among control variables religiosity has the strongest positive effect on the trust in the institutions. The presentation concludes with the explanations of why those processes induce this aspect of social trust.

U ovom radu analizirane su razlike u društvenom kapitalu između sredina različi¬tog stupnja urbaniziranosti u Hrvatskoj. Iako je analiza tih razlika u međunarod¬nim okvirima istraživački plodna tema, u Hrvatskoj dosad ciljano nije provedena. Slijedeći Putnamov pristup, društveni kapital je konceptualiziran i operacionalizi¬ran kroz tri dimenzije: povjerenje u institucije, neformalnu i formalnu društvenu umreženost te društvenu, tj. političku i građansku, participaciju. Podaci su priku¬pljeni 2015. godine anketnim istraživanjem. Korišten je etapno stratificiran repre¬zentativan uzorak punoljetnog stanovništva Hrvatske (N = 1 000). Veće povjerenje u političke i društvene institucije ustanovljeno je među ruralnim nego urbanim stanovništvom. Stanovništvo velikih gradova iskazalo je manje razine neformalne društvene umreženosti (kontakti s rođacima i susjedima) od stanovništva sela i gradova srednje i manje veličine, dok u pogledu formalne društvene umreženosti (članstvo u udrugama) razlike nisu pronađene. Stanovništvo gradova srednje i ma¬nje veličine u volonterskom je radu (građanska participacija) bilo aktivnije nego ruralno. Na posljednjim parlamentarnim izborima (politička participacija) glasalo je više stanovnika velikih nego srednjih i manjih gradova, dok je na posljednjim predsjedničkim izborima glasalo više stanovnika velikih gradova nego sela. Nalazi osvjetljuju teme koje tek treba istražiti, poput odrednica društvenog kapitala unutar sredina sličnog stupnja urbaniziranosti te regionalnih razlika u društvenom kapita¬lu među sredinama visoke, srednje i niske urbaniziranosti.

The arena of new media is replete with conflicts over history related issues. This presentation is based on the results of the analysis of 195 online news articles that covered one public appearance of Croatian coat of arms with first field white, a symbol that exists as a divisive and contested symbol due to the fact that it was besides multiple other historical contexts used by the Nazi collaborators regime during Second World War. The analysis aimed at examining what dominant meaning were ascribed to the symbol, how these meanings were framed and distributed in online news indicate two important patterns. First, although internet is often understood as inherently transnational space the ways in which symbol’s meaning is presented reveal differences in news sites that are written in different languages that primarily address different (sub)national and other audiences. Croatian media interpret and present symbol predominantly as complex for its multiple historical uses while on the other hand some of the Croatian bordering, other world states and media that primarily cover global and regional events frame the symbol almost fully as tied to the Nazi regime or as a symbol that connotes affiliation with Nazi past. Besides the differences in dominant meanings the contents of the Croatian news sites covering the event appear to be more diversified and authors more often offer critical reflections to the symbols semantic field. Contrary to that the rest of the media very often present literally replicated or texts with minor adjustments and therefore transmit not only the same meaning ascribed to the symbol but also the same representational practices embraced in constructing its meaning. The latter pattern indicates that, unlike prior research that saw the internet as a space that is not directly affected by the centralised state censorship and therefore potentially enables pluralising approaches to the past related subjects, that internet communication can also partially have homogenizing role regarding the discourse on such controversies.

Izlaganje donosi analizu socijalnog kapitala (SK) stanovništva Hrvatske u sredinama različitog stupnja urbaniziranosti, tj. u velikim gradovima, ostalim gradovima (mali i gradovi srednje veličine) i u ruralnim sredinama. Iako razlike u SK među izloženim sredinama u mnogim zemljama predstavljaju istraživački aktualnu temu, u slučaju hrvatskog društva nije pronađeno istraživanje primarno usmjereno sveobuhvatnom razmatranju ovog fenomena u tom kontekstu. Polazeći od Putnamovog pristupa, SK u radu je konceptualiziran kroz tri dimenzije: a) povjerenje ; b) neformalnu i formalnu društvenu umreženost ; te c) društvenu, tj. političku i građansku participaciju. Nadalje, slijedeći ranije empirijske radove temeljene na Putnamovom pristupu, dimenzije SK istražene su kako slijedi: a) povjerenje obuhvaća povjerenje u političke i društvene institucije te medije ; b) neformalna društvena umreženost istražena je kroz analizu kontakta s rodbinom, susjedima i (bliskim) prijateljima, a formalna društvena umreženost kroz analizu članstva u dobrovoljnim organizacijama ; c) politička participacija istražena je kroz analizu izlaženja na parlamentarne i predsjedničke izbore, dok je građanska participacija istražena kroz analizu volonterskog rada u organizacijama i/ili akcijama. Podaci su prikupljeni 2015. godine, u sklopu istraživanja Pilarov Barometar 2015, anonimnom anketom licem u lice. Korišten je etapno stratificiran reprezentativan uzorak punoljetnog stanovništva RH (N=1000). Unutar svakog stratuma očuvana je proporcionalnost i slučajni izbor jedinica. Obrada podataka uključuje izračun deskriptivnih pokazatelja varijabli u svakoj od istraživanih sredina te analizu razlika među njima. Podjela ispitanika (njihovog mjesta stanovanja) u tri sredine izvršena je u skladu s kriterijima Državnog zavoda za statistiku korištenim pri obradi rezultata Popisa stanovništva provedenog 2010. godine. Osnovni nalazi ukazuju da se povjerenje u političke i društvene institucije smanjuje s rastom stupnja urbaniziranosti sredine te da je prema medijima najmanje povjerljiva populacija velikih gradova. Neformalna društvena umreženosti otkriva kako prosječan broj susjeda i rođaka s kojima je ostvaren najmanje jedan dvotjedni kontakt opada s porastom stupnja urbaniziranosti sredine te da stanovništvo velikih gradova kontaktira u prosjeku s najmanje bliskih prijatelja. Formalna društvena umreženost otkriva najmanje izraženo članstvo u udrugama u velikim gradovima. Politička participacija otkriva kako udio populacije koji bi sigurno izašao na buduće/prijevremene parlamentarne izbore opada sa smanjenjem stupnja urbaniziranosti sredine. Udio ispitanika koji su glasovali na prethodnim parlamentarnim i predsjedničkim izborima najizraženiji je u velikim gradovima. Građanska participacija otkriva ostale gradove kao volonterski najaktivnije u posljednjih godinu dana. U svakoj od dimenzija SK neke od pronađenih razlika pokazale su se statistički značajnima.

Sociologists approach symbols as a sociogenic categories whose semantics fields are constructed via means of communicative practices and whose meaning is therefore never fixed or essential. Such approach is formally conceptualized in the theory of symbol of Norbert Elias, one of the most influential figures in modern sociology. This presentation uses examples of several Croatian national symbols to point out that symbols are not constructed on a purely individual basis, but their meanings rest on the predefined structures that reflect general ideological stances and that the contestation of a historical phenomena are embedded within those mainstream ideological worldviews. The symbols this presentation addresses also reflect these processes. Two competing ideologies that are reflected in controversies that form around those symbols are two types of nationalism, namely, the official or statist nationalism, and cultural or ethnic nationalism.

The concept of ‘new wars’ has been coined in order to explain the dynamics and logics of modern warfare. Authors that defend new wars thesis claim that the armed conflicts since the final decade of the 20th century have certain characteristics that require new analytical lens since in several important aspects they differ from the wars such as the Second World War. This presentation uses examples of Wroclaw (Poland) and Zadar (Croatia) to show that forced migrations, usually seen as one of the key characteristics of new war, were in fact very much characteristic of the traditional type of armed conflict. The presentation also points out the argument that the logics of armed conflict differ on the level of local analysis and that the local manifestations of warfare cannot be understood simply as smaller scale manifestation of macro-systemic violent conflicts.

The concept of violentization was proposed by the criminologist Lonnie Athens in early 1990s to elaborate the process through which individual develops violent biography. So far, the concept was explored mostly in the field of criminology and mostly to clarify micro-scale phenomena from the interactionist perspective. The attempts to make the concept more useful on the macro-level of analysis have remained scarce. This presentation uses certain analogies of the dynamics of violence within society as a whole, with the occurrence of violence within (human) biological organism. The goal of the presentation is to point out to the possibility of seeing violentization as a general transdisciplinary concept and therefore make it more useful for macro-scale analysis of war and post-war violence dynamics.

Rad tematizira life extension projekt sa stajališta Luhmannove sistemske sociokibernetike. Problematika produljenja ljudskog života u opsežnom Luhmannovu opusu ostala je gotovo nedotaknuta. Stoga se u prvoj tematskoj cjelini rada sistematiziraju relevantne teorijske postavke za razradu ove u biološkoj, medicinskoj a u novije vrijeme i sociološkoj literaturi sve prisutnije tematike. Ukazuje se na značajne posebnosti koje sistemskoteorijski pristup life extension projektu donosi u odnosu na pristup istoj problematici sa stajališta drugih teorijskih perspektiva. U elaboraciji odnosa između društva i bioloških sustava u nekomunikabilnom društvenom okolišu težište je stavljeno na Luhmannovu koncepciju tehnologije, koja je ključna za razumijevanje načina na koji se sam biotehnološki zahvat produženja životnog vijeka pokušava ostvariti. Druga tematska cjelina problematizira rastuću i unosnu antiaging industriju, prije svega njen segment koji u promidžbene svrhe koristi znanstveno pojmovlje te rezultate znanstvenih spoznaja. Također, sa stajališta Luhmannove sociokibernetike, utvrđuju se neki od mehanizama koji zahvaljujući aktualnom društvenom kontekstu omogućuju i pospješuju prodaju anti-aging proizvoda usprkos njihovoj neefi kasnosti u pomlađivanju i usporavanju procesa starenja. Uzrok rapidnoga rasta anti-aging industrije posljednjih desetljeća ponajprije se pronalazi u činjenici da društvenokomunikacijskim konstruiranjem starenja kao patološkog stanja (bolesti) ili procesa kojim je moguće upravljati anti-aging industrija na specifi čan način dobiva univerzalnog konzumenta s obzirom da svako ljudsko biće u svakom trenutku stari.