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Objectives: Women's attendance to cervical cancer screening (CCS) is a major concern for healthcare providers in community. This study aims to use the various algorithms that can accurately predict the most barriers of women for nonattendance to CS. Design: The real‐time data were collected from women presented at OPD of primary health centers (PHCs). About 1046 women's data regarding attendance and nonattendance to CCS were included. In this study, we have used three models, classification, ensemble, and deep learning models, to compare the specific accuracy and AU‐ROC for predicting non‐attenders for CC. Results: The current model employs 22 predictors, with soft voting in ensemble models showing slightly higher specificity (96%) and sensitivity (93%) than weighted averaging. Bagging excels with the highest accuracy (98.49%), specificity (97.3%), and ideal sensitivity (100%) with an AUC of 0.99. Classification models reveal Naive Bayes with higher specificity (97%) but lower sensitivity (91%) than Logistic Regression. Random Forest and Neural Network achieve the highest accuracy (98.49%), with an AUC of 0.98. In deep learning, LSTM has an accuracy of 95.68%, higher specificity (97.60%), and lower sensitivity (93.42%) compared to other models. MLP and NN showed the highest AUC values of 0.99. Conclusion: Employing ensemble and deep learning models proved most effective in predicting barriers to nonattendance in cervical screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scarcity of apps for high-risk pregnancy detection motivated researchers thoroughly to evaluate the various Android mobile applications to unveil the gaps in accuracy, functionality, and usability. This review provides crucial recommendations for future investigations in pregnancy monitoring app development. The current study systematically assess Android mobile appplications deploying Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) for engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information evaluation. Additionally, app characteristics, pregnancy monitoring features, guidance, and minor pregnancy disorder monitoring were assessed. A total of 1,176 mobile apps are reviewed, with a mere 18 (1.53%) meeting inclusion criteria. 17 (94.44%) of these focus on assessing pregnancyrelated concerns, and exceptional MARS grade of 4.29 out of 5. Notably, the app functionality evaluation received the maximum score of 4.72. Furthermore, 7 (27%) track particular pregnancy issues, while 16 (88.88%) apps track tiredness. In addition, 14 applications (77.78%) are dedicated to monitoring minor pregnancy problems. Pregnancy Tracker, Pregnancy App, and Baby Tracker have a commendable 4.7-star rating and provide thorough pregnancy information. Minor disorders are tracked by Mylo Pregnancy, Pregnancy Track, Maternal Care, Pregnancy Calculator, and Ovia Pregnancy. What to Expect, Healofy, Amma Pregnancy, and My Pregnancy outshine with MARS scores above 4.75 to 5, confirming best user experiences. Due to certain security and privacy considerations, the study was limited to evaluate selective applications. This review findings guide future mobile health research in a moving context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objectives Design Results Conclusion The aim of the study was to analyze the data of diabetic patients regarding warning signs of hypoglycemia to predict it at an early stage using various novel machine learning (ML) algorithms. Individual interviews with diabetic patients were conducted over 6 months to acquire information regarding their experience with hypoglycemic episodes.This information included warning signs of hypoglycemia, such as incoherent speech, exhaustion, weakness, and other clinically relevant cases of low blood sugar. Researchers used supervised, unsupervised, and hybrid techniques. In supervised techniques, researchers applied regression, while in hybrid classification ML techniques were used. In a 5‐fold cross‐validation approach, the prediction performance of seven models was examined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). We analyzed the data of 290 diabetic patients with low blood sugar episodes.Our investigation discovered that gradient boosting and neural networks performed better in regression, with accuracies of 0.416 and 0.417, respectively. In classification models, gradient boosting, AdaBoost, and random forest performed better overall, with AUC scores of 0.821, 0.814, and 0.821, individually. Precision values were 0.779, 0.775, and 0.776 for gradient boosting, AdaBoost, and random forest, respectively.AdaBoost and Gradient Boosting models, in particular, outperformed all others in predicting the probability of clinically severe hypoglycemia. These techniques enable community health nurses to predict hypoglycemia at an early stage and provide the necessary therapies to patients to prevent complications resulting from hypoglycemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital acquired pneumonia or it is a lower respiratory tract infection which common occurs in patients who were kept on mechanical ventilation with endotracheal tube or tracheotomy for more than 48 hrs. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the risk factors of ventilator associated pneumonia. Methods and Materials: This is a retrospective study conducted in a specialized surgical care unit of 57 beds with 18 ICU beds; all patients who underwent the procedure of invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. These patients were divided into two groups, group A has developed the VAP and group B has not developed the VAP. Some certain risk factors were assessed among the patients who developed the VAP with help of records. Results: Researchers have searched 100 patients’ data who were admitted and treated on mechanical ventilation. The percentage of the length of stay in the ICU with VAP is 64% and the patients without VAP is about 36%. The death rate was 54.2%, among VAP patients. About 53 % of the patients developed VAP who had the previous hospitalization, 69 % of the patients developed VAP with previous history of steroid treatment and 50 % of the VAP patients had undergone the surgical procedure and 84 % of VAP patients had the endotracheal tube or tracheotomy Conclusion: In this study the patients who had undergone the MV developed VAP significantly with endotracheal tube or tracheotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most commonly encountered hospital-acquired infections in intensive care units and is associated with significant morbidity and high costs of care. The pathophysiology, epidemiology, treatment and prevention of VAP have been extensively studied for decades, but a clear prevention strategy has not yet emerged. In this article we will review recent literature pertaining to evidence-based VAP-prevention strategies that have resulted in clinically relevant outcomes. A multidisciplinary strategy for prevention of VAP is recommended. Those interventions that have been shown to have a clinical impact include the following: (i) Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for able patients, especially in immune-compromised patients, with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or pulmonary oedema, (ii) Sedation and weaning protocols for those patients who do require mechanical ventilation, (iii) Mechanical ventilation protocols including head of bed elevation above 30 degrees and oral care, and (iv) Removal of subglottic secretions. Other interventions, such as selective digestive tract decontamination, selective oropharyngeal decontamination and antimicrobial-coated endotracheal tubes, have been tested in different studies. However, the evidence for the efficacy of these measures to reduce VAP rates is not strong enough to recommend their use in clinical practice. In numerous studies, the implementation of VAP prevention bundles to clinical practice was associated with a significant reduction in VAP rates. Future research that considers clinical outcomes as primary endpoints will hopefully result in more detailed prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant cause of hospital-related infections, one that must be prevented due to its high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors in patients developing VAP in our intensive care units (ICUs).Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved in mechanically ventilated patients hospitalized for more than 48 hours. VAP diagnosed patients were divided into two groups, those developing pneumonia (VAP (+)) and those not (VAP (-)).Results: We researched 1560 patients in adult ICUs, 1152 (73.8%) of whom were mechanically ventilated. The MV use rate was 52%. VAP developed in 15.4% of patients. The VAP rate was calculated as 15.7/1000 ventilator days. Mean length of stay in the ICU for VAP (+) and VAP (-) patients were (26.7±16.3 and 18.1±12.7 days (p<0.001)) and mean length of MV use was (23.5±10.3 and 12.6±7.4 days (p<0.001)). High APACHE II and Charlson co-morbidity index scores, extended length of hospitalization and MV time, previous history of hospitalization and anti-biotherapy, re-intubation, enteral nutrition, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and organ failure were determined as significant risk factors for VAP. The mortality rate in the VAP (+) was 65.2%, with 23.6% being attributed to VAP. Conclusion: VAPs are prominent nosocomial infections that can cause considerable morbidity and mortality in ICUs. Patient care procedures for the early diagnosis of patients with a high risk of VAP and for the reduction of risk factors must be implemented by providing training concerning risk factors related to VAP for ICU personnel, and preventable risk factors must be reduced to a minimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective: Pregnant women are facing challenges with the restrictions during the lockdown period. Advices/instructions from husband and support system contribute to anxiety. The objective of the study includes describing pregnant women's experiences during COVID-19 lockdown period. Material and Method: Qualitative Research Approach and Descriptive Phenomenological as research Design were used. Sample size was four Pregnant women from Urban community during COVID-19 lockdown period. The investigator collected the data on lived experiences of pregnant women through in-depth interview, which was lasted for 45-60 minutes. Qualitative rigor was done, researcher 'Bracketed' her own feelings and experiences about the content under investigation. Triangulation was applied and member checking was done. To ensure credibility the investigator had co researcher review the data. Dependability is achieved by clearly laid down the steps and also in analysis process to ensure that anyone wishing to conduct study can easily follow and carry out the steps. Transferability of the study was ensured by the exhibition of a dense narration of the samples research context and setting. The quality of data collected was significant. Finding: Four themes were emerged: Unknown fear, Anxiety, inclination towards Spirituality and State of Dilemma. Conclusion: Most of the participant reported a negative overall experience but very much appreciated the support of husband and other family members. Shown strong peer relationships creating an environment which is supportive in nature. An unknown fear and pressure is prevailing which needs to be addressed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In a family, a spouse is the most important and liable family member to take care of the family members. He is the one who might take care of his wife in pregnancy period. Therefore, he must be knowledgeable regarding antenatal care of his wife in pregnancy, but in India, alas! There is no much involvement of husband in taking care of an antenatal women during pregnancy. Moreover, pregnant woman is a care taker of a family and they are majorly neglected, it is happening since decades due to lack of respect for a daughter-in --law in family. OBJECTIVES: 1. to evaluate the knowledge of pregnant woman's spouse about antenatal care. 2. To assess the attitude of antenatal mother's spouse regarding Antenatal care. 3. To assess effectiveness of antenatal care on IEC package the knowledge and attitude among the spouse of antenatal mother. Methodology: In this study researchers have adopted pre experimental one group Pre- test post-test design. It evaluates and assess the effectiveness of knowledge and attitude of antenatal care IEC package among antenatal mother's spouses. The researchers also described the association among level of knowledge as well as attitude using personal characteristics included in this study was age, religion, education, family income and no of children. The sample size is 100. Non probability purposive sample technique is used in present study. RESULT: In this section the mainconclusions of the present study have been discuss as follows. The posttest knowledge score showed at higher level than the pretest score. The mean post test score was greater than the mean pretest score. Thecalculated t-test statistic value and Corresponding p-value are small and the posttest attitude score was greater than the mean pretest score. Conclusion: It indicates that the IEC package was effective method for enlightening the knowledge and attitude of mother's spouses about antenatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the process of transformational leadership, leaders and followers have mutual understanding and help each other to promote a higher levels of morale and motivation among them. Employees in the organization take ownership of their roles and responsibilities and perform the work activities out of expectation of the leaders, leaders describe only the goals and objectives of the organization. Methodology: In this study quantitative research approach was used and one group pretest posttest quasi experimental research design was used. The study conducted in the labour rooms of selected maternity hospitals. The samples were nursing supervisors, nursing in-charges and nursing officers of the maternity wards and participants were chosen by adopting convenient sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used, one tool consisted of 20 questions regarding knowledge on transformational leadership and another tool comprised of clinical performance evolution check list. Tools were validated by the experts and reliability values includes Cronbach's alphas were r= 0.88, & 0.96 for knowledge transformational leadership and nurses' job performance evaluation respectively. Results: Majority of the nursing officers were falling under the category of age between 26 to 30 years. Around 62 % of the nursing officers have an experience of 6 to 10 years. Majority of the nursing officers have completed GNM qualification. About 40 % of the nursing supervisors and nursing in charges have completed BSc Nursing qualification. In pretest, majority of supervisors and in charges have poor knowledge regarding transformational leadership while in post test77 % of subjects gained the good knowledge. In posttest majority of the nursing officers were competent in establishing the expected behavior of leaders, maintaining nursing process model, providing quality of the care and adequate information and education to the patients and relatives as per the requirement. Conclusion: It is concluded that, as transformational leadership is successful in many domains of health care delivery system, and this study results showed that, using transformational is effectives labour room and other maternity wards for successful maternal and newborn outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading responsible condition for causing high death rate among women after breast cancer. It is preventable and curable disorder, but the prevalence of cervical cancer remaining too high in India. Majority of women do not aware of cervical screening procedures. Maharashtra is standing in second position in possessing more number of cervical cancer cases. Methodology: A quasi-experimental pretest and post research design was used to execute the study. This study was conducted in selected hospitals of PCMC. The samples were the women age group between 30-60 years attending Gynec OPD. The systemic random sampling techniques was used to select the samples. Total sample size was 501. A self-administered tool was administered to find the reasons for participation and nonparticipation in cervical screening. Tool and content validity was done. The reliability of the tool was done r value is = 0.88. The study proposal has been approved by the Ethical Committee, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai. Permission has been taken from the concerned authority of the selected urban health care centers for data collection. The content was prepared on prevention and early detection of cervical screening in the form of video and modules in their regional languages. Results: Majority of participants among three experimental groups, about 38.32 % in verbal group, 41.91% in written group and 40.71 % in video group have responded that they could not take part in the cervical screening programme as they are very embarrassed with cervical screening procedure. While others had responded that, I am healthy I do not have to go for this test, some women said, I have only one sexual partner so I don't require this test. A few women have assumed that the test is very expensive, thinking that not required the Pap test as no symptoms of cancer observed and other have stated that don't know the frequency of test. Conclusion: A key strategy to improve the attendance of the women for cervical screening is to spread the awareness on prevention and early detection of cervical cancer by using various educational methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: India has got highest number of the cases with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), In India, prevalence of GDM is about 16.55%, common among young girls. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of education programme on gestational diabetes among nurses by assessing the nurse's knowledge before and after educational programme. Methods and materials: One group pre and pre experimental one group pre and post-test research design was developed and implemented. Setting of the study was municipal corporate and private hospitals of Pune city was randomly selected. The total sample size was 160 nurses, they were selected by using simple random sampling technique. A self-administered structured on knowledge regarding gestational diabetes was developed and administered. Results: Mean values of pre-test regarding GDM among nurses was 14 and the score was enhanced to 15.4 in post-test. In this study, t-value was 3.1 with 159 degrees of freedom. P-value matching to this evaluation was 0.00, it was less than 0.05. The awareness program on GDM was proved to be meaningfully effective in refining the awareness of nurses regarding gestational diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Study: The premenopause is experienced by 1.5 million women each year and often involves symptoms and it divided in to three categories somatic and vasomotor, psychological, and urogenital sexual symptoms. In the rural area women are not aware about those symptoms and coping strategies to minimize the symptoms by practicing of Yogasanas. Methodology: In the present study quantitative research approach used and one group pretest post-test Preexperimental research design was executed. Total sample was 50; they were selected using non probability purposive sampling technique. The setting of the study was rural area of the Pune. The questionnaire and observational checklist was used in this study to collect the data. The independent variables were Premenopausal symptoms while the dependent variables were practice of selected Yogasanas on coping strategies. The group was taught about Yogasanas and explained them how to adopt coping strategies with premenopausal symptoms. The researchers have supervised and follow up was done for 20 days after intervention. In order to establish the reliability of the tool inter rated method was used. The scores were calculated and the reliability was established by Cohen's Kappa 0.86. Result: In this study paired t-test was used to check the significance between pretest and post test results, and statistical significant result was p-value is less than 0.05, it suggests that women with premenopausal symptoms are minimized after the practice of Yoga asana on coping strategies. Conclusion: It is concluded that practice of selected Yogasanas on coping strategies are effective and helps to minimize the premenopausal symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension is one of the primarily responsible factions for causing cardiovascular diseases, significantly, which results in heart diseases such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and finally leads to death. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of video-assisted intervention regarding risk factors of cardiovascular diseases on knowledge, attitude and practice among IT professionals Methodology: A quantitative research approach was executed in the current study. The preexperimental, one group pretest posttest design was used in the study. Experts of medical surgical nursing and physician's opinion were obtained for the content validity of the tool and interventions. The effectiveness was evaluated by a self-structured questionnaire for knowledge, attitude, and practice before and after the intervention. Data was compiled and analysis was done by using inferential and descriptive statistics. Results: In the pretest, no participant had good knowledge, whereas 92 % of the participants had gained well in posttest regarding risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. In the pretest, 88% of participants had a poor attitude and it stooped down to 12 % in posttest regarding CVD. In the pretest, none of the participants had good practices in view to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: The results show that educational interventions with video were significantly effective in refining the awareness, attitude, and practices about risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: India stands at second position in possessing a large number of children with obesity after China. Worldwide, millions of children are suffering from health problems related to obesity. In addition to faulty eating habits, obesity among children also caused by genetic factors and lack of physical activities. Methodology: In the present study, researchers have executed a descriptive research design with a sample of 60. The samples were of school-going children with age group between 9-16 years and they were nominated in the study using convenient sampling design. The parameters include height, weight, and BMI of the school children to estimate the obesity of the children. This study also had focused to assess the physical activity and eating habits of subjects by assessing the knowledge regarding the prevention of obesity assessed by administering using a checklist. Results: 65% of students had average knowledge on the prevention of obesity. 11.7% of the students have a long-term illness which is limiting their daily activity. The majority of the subjects preferred outdoor games while some subjects wished some sort of motivation to engage in sports activities. 61.7% of students liked to eat junk foods at least once a day. 16.7% of students fall under the category of overweight with BMI 24.6- 30 kg/m². Conclusion: School going children need to be highly educated regarding the benefits of eating a healthy diet and they need to be discouraged for favoring junk foods by quoting results of health issues after eating junk food items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around 13.34% weightage is given to the definitions of university exams in nursing.1 Nursing educators need to help the students in memorizing terms, so that students can write the correct concept in the exam effectively. Aim: To assess the comparison of mind mapping and self-learning techniques in recalling the definition. Design : A comparative approach was used to understand the difference between the knowledge of self-learning group and mind mapping group. Total 5 definitions were used from the nursing foundation textbook. To obtain baseline data, subjects completed a short test and it is randomly allocated to two groups: 'self -learning' and 'mind map'. After a one hour of study period short test was taken. Recalling was measured after a week later. Setting: Symbiosis College of Nursing, Symbiosis International University, India. Subjects : 48 First year Bachelor Nursing Students. Results: Mean score in Mind mapping group were 5.87 and 5 in session one and two. For self-learning group, the mean effect was 6.21and 4.67 in the first and second sessions. Hence Mind mapping technique proven to be more elective than Self learning method in recalling the definition. Two sample t-test for comparison of effect of Mind mapping vs self-learning method t-values for this comparison were -0.76 and 0.62. Corresponding p-values were 0.45 and 0.54 and the p-value < 0.05, so the null hypothesis is rejected. Conclusion: mind maps were proved affectivity as a way of recalling the definitions in the second session. Students need to be encouraged to adopt this approach more than the other conventional learning techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformational leadership in nursing is different from other industries. Nurses working pattern is different with different shift and many times they go through a lot of emotional changes with the patient care. Effective nursing leadership also engenders staff retention, job satisfaction, commitment, work unit climate and client satisfaction with the nursing care services provided to them. Transformational leadership globally plays a vital role in the health care system especially for patient care by nurses, because the performance of the staff nurses is directly linked to the leadership styles. Hence this study is aimed to assess the of nurses on transformational leadership style Methodology: ANon-Experimental Descriptive Research approach used. The study was conducted among various Hospitals of Pune City. The selection of the sample was based on easy geographical accessibility, cooperation and availability of samples. The sample size for the study was 95,selected by using non probability convenience sampling technique from various Hospitals of Pune City who met the inclusion criteria. A structured modified questionnaire was developed based on the research problem, to get the information from the samples. Result: The result of current study says 54.74%staff nurses given the opinion that their nurse supervisors are having average transformational leadership. 38.95% of staff nurses perception was their nurse supervisors are having good transformational leadership and 6. 32 % of staff nurses perception was their nurse managers are having poor transformational leadership qualities. The average score of staff nurses regarding their supervisor's transformational leadership is 3.1 to 4.2. Out of the four domains Individualism got higher points (79.72%) than other and improvements of subordinates got the lowest (64.65%). Conclusion: The nursing leader transformational qualities in four main domain is analysed in this study. The overall competencies in nurse leaders analysed were knowledge, innovativeness, self-confidence, good communication skill, adaptability, teamwork, organisational skill etc. The result says that nurse managers are having average transformational leadership qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background of the Study: Birth preparedness and complication readiness is a strategy to promote the timely use of skilled maternal and neonatal care, especially during child birth based on the theory that preparing for childbirth and being ready for complication and reduce delay in obtaining care Annual global estimate of 287,000 maternal deaths were recorded in 2010 as a result of complication of pregnancy and childbirth. Methodology: In the present study Quantitative research approach is applied approach is applied and quasi experimental pre-test post-test design is used sample all primi mother sample size 60 primi mother sampling technique non- probability convenience sampling setting the selection of study setting is on the basis of the feasibility of conducting study and availability of sample. Study will be conducted in Talera and Bhosri hospital, PCMC,Pune Results:Birth preparedness and complication since all the p-values are large (greater than 0.05), none of the demographic variables was found to have significant association with the mode of delivery Maternal complication during labor.In the present study pretest, 20% of the primi antenatal mothers had poor knowledge (Score 0-3), 66.7% of them had average knowledge (score 4-6) and 13.3% of them had good knowledge (score 7-10) regarding birth preparedness. In post-test, 5% of them had average knowledge (score 4-6) and 95% of them had good knowledge (score 7-10) regarding birth preparedness. Conclusion: In this study indicates that the knowledge of the women regarding birth preparedness improved remarkably after health intervention Researcher applied paired t-test for the effectiveness of health intervention on Knowledge of woman regarding birth preparedness among antenatal mother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-partum contraception is the best evidence based intervention in prevention of pregnancy and abortion related maternal morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. The spacing for contraception among women in the postpartum period can be effectively fulfilled by post partum insertion of PPIUCD, in a single visit under the Government scheme of providing free maternity services during institutional delivery. Despite optimal efforts by family planning program, very few primi mothers are opting for spacing method and lack of awareness has resulted in discontinuation of family planning method particularly PPIUCD. This study is designed to PPIUCD and causes for discontinuation at follow up in our hospital. The objectives of the study were study PPIUCD practices at Talera hospital and Akurdi hospital, Pune; causes for discontinuation of PPIUCD. Research Methodology: Research Approach: Quantitative approach, Research design-Quasi experimental design one group Pre-test Post-test design, Population–primi mothers, Sample–The sample of the study comprised of Primi mothers, Sample size: 60 primi mothers, Sampling technique: Simple Random Sampling Technique was used. Setting: the selection of the study setting is on the basis of the feasibility of conducting study and availability of sample. Study will be conducted in Talera Hospital and Bhosri Hospital, PCMC, Pune. Result: In pre-test, majority of 91.7% of the primi mothers had poor knowledge and 8.3% of them had average knowledge regarding PPIUCD. In post-test, majority of 86.7.7% of the primi mothers had average knowledge and 13.3% of them had poor knowledge regarding PPIUCD. This indicates that the knowledge among primi mothers regarding PPIUCD improved remarkably after individual counselling. Researcher applied paired t-test for effectiveness of individual counselling on knowledge among primi mothers regarding PPIUCD. Average knowledge score in pre-test was 8.4 which increased to 11.9 in posttest. t-value for this test was 12.2 with 59 degrees of freedom. Corresponding p-value was small (less than 0.05), the null hypothesis is rejected. This is evident that the knowledge among primi mothers regarding PPIUCD improved significantly after individual counselling Conclusion: Hence it is concluded that the Counselling on Knowledge, Acceptance and Choice for Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUCD) is Effective in Primi Mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pune is the 8th largest city in India and the 2nd largest in the state of Maharashtra. Population is about 4 million and the households are nearly 1 million. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge, practice and willingness of residents regarding recycling of household waste management. Methodology: The research design was quasi experimental: pre-test post-test research design with the sample size 100 and used systematic random sampling technique. The structured questionnaire was administered. In order to establish the reliability of the tool inter rater method was used. The scores were calculated and reliability was established by Kappa method which was 0.80. The phases of data collection were informed consent was taken followed by the pretest and distribution of information booklet on recycling of solid household waste management to the residents and posttest was administered after 15 to 20 days of pretest and processed the data for analysis. Results: t-test was used to check the effectiveness of the informational booklet on knowledge regarding recycling of solid household waste management among residents. t-value for this test was 27.4 with 99 degrees of freedom, corresponding p-value was of the order of 0.000, which is small (less than 0.05), the null hypothesis is rejected. Conclusion: It was concluded that, the intervention which was provided to the residents was very effective in improving their knowledge, attitude and willingness towards the good practices of waste management at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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