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Artificial intelligence (AI) promises breakthroughs in space operations, from mission design planning to satellite data processing and navigation systems. Advances in AI and space transportation have enabled AI technologies in spacecraft tracking control and synchronization. This study assesses and evaluates three alternative spacecraft tracking control and synchronization (TCS) approaches, including non-AI TCS methods, AI TCS methods, and combined TCS methods. The study proposes a hybrid model, including a new model for defining weight coefficients and interval type-2 fuzzy sets based combined compromised solution (IT2FSs-CoCoSo) to solve the spacecraft TCS problem. A new methodology is used to calculate the weight coefficients of criteria, while IT2FSs-CoCoSo is applied to rank the prioritization of TCS methods. A comparative analysis is conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed hybrid model. We present a case study to illustrate the applicability and exhibit the efficacy of the proposed method for prioritizing the alternative TCS approaches based on ten different sub-criteria, grouped under three main aspects, including complexity aspects, operational aspects, and efficiency aspects. AI and non-AI methods combined are the most advantageous alternative, whereas non-AI methods are the least advantageous, according to the findings of this study.

As a generalization of the Fermatean fuzzy set, the theory of interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy set (IVFFS) is a more robust and reliable tool to address the imprecise and incomplete information in the process of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), thus can be employed on wider range of applications. The aim of this study is to purpose a novel decision-making approach by combining two well-recognized methods, named as the criteria interaction through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) and the complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) with IVFFSs. In this line, to compare the interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy numbers (IVFFNs), a new score function is proposed and its feasibility in comparison with existing interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy score and accuracy functions is discussed. To combine the various IVFFNs, some interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators are introduced. Further, the CRITIC is utilized to derive the objective weights of attributes within IVFFS context. To prioritize the alternatives, the IVFF-COPRAS method is presented on IVFFSs settings. Later, to assess the performance quality of the developed methodology, an illustrative case study is discussed to evaluate and rank the sustainable community-based tourism (CBT) location candidates. Moreover, the comparative study and sensitivity investigation are conducted to prove that the developed framework efficiently handles the problem of sustainable CBT locations evaluation and selection problem under IVFFSs environment. The findings of this study conclude that the developed method is a systematic, more comprehensive, accurate, and structured approach in the assessment of sustainable CBT locations under uncertain environment.

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ, In this clinical study, effects of diazepam + ketamine HCl + sevoflurane anesthesia on vital functions and recovery duration and qualityofnine long legged buzzards were evaluated upon wing amputation. Operation was decided for long legged buzzards and heartand breathingrate, body temperature, and reflexes of long legged buzzards were evaluated before, during and after the anesthesia. Diazepam and ketamine HCl injection increased the heart rate whereas it was decreased by sevoflurane. Respiratory rate decreased upon sevoflurane application. Body temperature decreased during anesthesia. Recovery began in the 3rd minute after cessation of sevoflurane administration with return of eye reflexes and completedin the 35th minute. It was observed that although birdsrecovered from anesthesia, danger of hypothermia persisted for a long time.There was a significant difference between the respiratory and heart rates during the ketamine HCl and sevofluraneanesthesia from those in the preoperative period. However, there was no statistically significant difference between pre and post operative periods in terms of vital parameters. For the first time, effects of diazepam + ketamine HCl + sevoflurane anesthesia combination on vital parameters are evaluated in long legged buzzards in Turkey.

Objective: The primary hypertension in childhood that is related with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been a serious health problem in recent years and has become more important. In this study, the exploration of the effects of traditional and nontraditional risk factors over target organ damage in children with primary hypertension is aimed. Material and Methods: 50 patients who are between 7-18 years old and diagnosed as primary hypertension and 100 healthy children in the same age as a control group were evauated in study. Ambulatory blood pressure measurement within 24 hours was performed to the patient group. Biochemically, blood lipids, hs CRP, Lp(a) were measured. In terms of target organ involvement, retinopathy, nephropathy (microalbuminuria in 24-hour urine), cardiopathy (left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular mass index) and vasculopathy (carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness) were evaluated. Results: In all 50 patients (35 boys, 15 girls), average age 13,1±3,2 years old and in all members of healthy control group (54 boys, 46 girls) average age is 13,06±2,7 years old. In 17 of patients (34%) there was hypertensive retinopathy (14 of them is (%28) in phase 1, 3 of them (%6) is in phase 2). In 1 patient (2%) echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy was seen. In 7 patients (14%) left ventricular mass index was high (Avg: 28.32±11.43 gr/m2,7). In 26 patients (52%), cIMT (on right 0.468±0.062, on left 0.472±0.064 mm and in control group, on right 0.406±0.041, in left 0.405±0.041; p=0,000), in 18 patients (36%), PWV (5.76±0.84 m/s, in control group 5,30±0,70 m/s; p=0.000), in 11 patient (22%), central augmentation index (10.54±6.56%, in control group 9.41±8.54%; p=0.366) was high. As the severity of the disease increases, the indicators of microalbuminuria and inflammation also increased significantly but it showed a decrease in HDL levels. Varying degrees of target organ involvement was found in 8 patients with white coat hypertension. Conclusion: The primary hypertension in childhood that causes target organ damage must be early recognized and treated. © Copyright 2016 by Türkiye Klinikleri.

The differential diagnosis of a follicular lesion/neoplasm in thyroid FNA specimens includes hyperplastic/adenomatoid nodule, follicular adenoma and carcinoma, and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In our laboratory we separate follicular lesions of thyroid into hyperplastic/adenomatoid nodule (HN), follicular neoplasm (FON) and follicular derived neoplasm with focal nuclear features suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma (FDN). This study reports our experience with 339 cases diagnosed as FON and 120 as FDN. All cases were evaluated for histologic diagnosis, age, sex and size of the nodule. Histopathologic follow-up was available in all cases. The malignancy rate was 22% (74/359) and 72% (86/120) for cases diagnosed as FON and FDN, respectively. In the FON category almost half of the malignant cases were papillary carcinoma. The risk of malignancy was higher in patients younger than 40 yr (53% vs. 30%) than in patients 40 year or more years old and greater in males (41% vs. 33%) than females. No statistically significant relationship was noted between the sizes of the nodules and benign vs. malignant diagnosis. According to this study it is important to divide follicular patterned lesions of thyroid into FON and FDN in the cytology specimens due to significantly different risk of malignancy (22% vs. 72%). In addition, clinical features, including gender and age can be part of the decision analysis in selecting patients for surgery.