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2. Elaboração de Um Curso de Autodesk Revit Voltado aos Graduandos de Engenharia Civil da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Author

Borgert, A.E., primary, Araujo, A.P.B., additional, Brüggemann, C., additional, Pacheco, C.D., additional, Deuschle, E., additional, Mendes, E.J., additional, Andrade, G.D., additional, Vendrami, J.M., additional, Dalpaz, L., additional, Paloschi, L., additional, Roman, R.R., additional, and Zimmermann, C.C., additional

Published
2016
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3. IFIT2 is an effector protein of type 1 IFN-mediated amplification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α secretion and LPS-induced endotoxin shock

Author

Siegfried, A., Berchtold, S., Manncke , B., Deuschle, E., Reber, J., Ott, T., Weber, M., Kalinke, U., Hofer, M.J., Hatesuer, B., Schughart, K., Gailus-Durner, V., Fuchs, H., Hrabě de Angelis, M., Weber, F., Hornef, M.W., Autenrieth, I.B., and Bohn, E.

Abstract

Type I IFN signaling amplifies the secretion of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α or IL-6 and might thus contribute to the high mortality associated with Gram-negative septic shock in humans. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, is ill defined. In this study, we report the generation of mice deficient in IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (Ifit2) and demonstrate that Ifit2 is a critical signaling intermediate for LPS-induced septic shock. Ifit2 expression was significantly upregulated in response to LPS challenge in an IFN-α receptor- and IFN regulatory factor (Irf)9-dependent manner. Also, LPS induced secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was significantly enhanced in the presence of Ifit2. In accordance, Ifit2-deficient mice exhibited significantly reduced serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced mortality in an endotoxin shock model. Investigation of the underlying signal transduction events revealed that Ifit2 upregulates Irf3 phosphorylation. In the absence of Irf3, reduced Ifn-β mRNA expression and Ifit2 protein expression after LPS stimulation was found. Also, Tnf-α and Il-6 secretion but not Tnf-α and Il-6 mRNA expression levels were reduced. Thus, IFN-stimulated Ifit2 via enhanced Irf3 phosphorylation upregulates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. It thereby amplifies LPS-induced cytokine production and critically influences the outcome of endotoxin shock.

Published
2013

4. Boekbespreking

Author

K. S. d. V., Salverda de Grave, J. J., Sneyders de Vogel, K., Swaen, A. E. H., Deuschle, E. L., Popma, T., Prins, A. A., Perdeck, A., Manen, W. v., and de Groot, A. W.

Published
1931
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5. Boekbespreking

Author

de Boer, Tj., van der Meulen, J. C., K. S. d. V., van Praag, J. A., Geers, G. J., Salverda de Grave, J. J., Valkhoff, Marius, Zeeman, D. J. C., Rijk, J. A. M., Deuschle, E. L., and Swaen, A. E. H.

Published
1929
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7. Reviews

Author

Brunner, Karl, Fricker, Robert, Praz, Mario, Zandvoort, R. W., Kinsley, James, Turner, Paul, Havard-Williams, P. M., Gerritsen, Johan, Mottram, E. N. W., Magoun, F. P., Keller, Rudolf, Bland, D. S., Ludeke, H., Nørgaard, Holger, Birrell, T. A., Polak, Leon, Bodelsen, C. A., Timmer, B. J., Arngart, O., Deuschle, E. L., Prins, A. A., Smithers, Peter, Schnyder, Hans, Havard-Williams, P., Smidt, Kristian, Funke, O., Stamm, Rudolf, Bonnard, G. A., Wildi, Max, Tschumi, Raymond, Storms, G., Russell-Smith, Joy, Broadbent, J. B., and Donner, H. W.

Abstract

Some Old English Sound Changes. By L. F. Brosnahan. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, 1953. x + 141 pp. Paper bound, 10s 6d.The New Shakespeare. Henry VI. Edited by John Dover Wilson. Cambridge University Press: 1952. Part. I: pp. LVI + 222. Part II: pp. LIV + 221. Part III: pp. XLVI + 225. Cloth 12/6 each vol.Le Drame de John Ford. Par Robert Davril. Paris: Librairie Marcel Didier, 1954. (Bibliotheque des Langues Modernes, 5.) 554 pp.Euphormio's Satyricon (Euphormionis Satyricon) by John Barclay. Translated from the Latin into English for the first time, from the 1605 edition, by Paul Turner. Ten Wood Engravings by Derrick Harris. Printed in Great Britain by The Golden Cockerel Press. 1954. Edition limited to 260 copies. Nos. 1-60 bound in crimson morocco blocked in gold, cost 20 gns; nos. 61-260 in cloth with gold device, cost 7 gns.Edward Benlowes (1602-1676): Biography of a Minor Poet. By Harold Jenkins. London: The Athlone Press, 1952. xii + 372 pp. 35s. net.The Alien Vision of Victorian Poetry. By E. D. H. Johnson. Princeton University Press. 1952. xvi + 224 pp. $4.00.La Philosophie de Virginia Woolf. Par Maxime Chastaing. Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1951. 500 frs.The Catalogues of Manuscripts & Printed Books of Sir Thomas Phillipps. Their Composition and Distribution. By A. N. L. Munby. (Phillipps Studies No. 1.) Cambridge, At the University Press, 1951. vii + 40 pp. 10s net.The Family Affairs of Sir Thomas Phillipps. By A. N. L. Munby. (Phillipps Studies No. 2.) Cambridge, At the University Press, 1952. xiii + 119 pp. 15s net.Robert Lowell: Poesie — a cura di Rolando Anzilotti. Edizioni Fussi. Firenze: Casa Editrice Sansoni. 1955.Kampfrune und Buchschreibersymbole. Von H. C. Matthes. (Reprinted from Monumentum Bambergense, Festschrift fur Benedikt Kraft zum 65. Geburtstag.) Munchen, 1955, pp. 367-77.Zur Entstehung des englischen Participium praesentis auf -ing. By Ingemd Dal. Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, Bind xvi, 1952. pp. 5-116.Chapters on Chaucer. By Kemp Malone. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1951. $3.50.Shakespeare Survey. An Annual Survey of Shakespearian Study & Production. 7. Edited by Allardyce Nicoll. Cambridge University Press. 1954. viii + 167 pp.Phonix und Taube. Zur Interpretation von Shakespeares Gedankenwelt. Von Heinrich Strauman. Zurich: Artemis-Verlag. 1953. 63 pp.Blake: Prophet Against Empire. A poet's interpretation of the history of his own times. By David V. Erdman. Princeton University Press. 1954. 503 pp. $7.50.The English Legend of Heinrich Heine. By Sol Liptzin. New York: Bloch Publishing Co. 1954. 191 pp. Price $3.—.Radyard Kipling. His Life and Work. By Charles Carrington. Macmillan & Co. 1955. 549 pp. 25/—.Index of Printers, Publishers and Booksellers in Donald Wing's Short-Title Catalogue of Books printed in England. Scotland, Ireland. Wales, and British America and of English Books printed in Other Countries. 1641-1700. By Paul G. Morrison. Char-lottesville: University of Virginia Press for the Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia,-1955. 219 pp. $20.00 ($12,50 to members).Der Indefinite Agens im Altenglischen. By Jurg Frohlich. (Swiss Studies in English, vol. 25). Bern: A. Francke Verlag. 1951. 145 pp. Sw. Fr. 18.Der Indefinite Agens im Mittelenglischen (1050-1350). By H. H. Meier. (Swiss Studies in English, vol. 34). Bern: A. Francke Verlag. 1953. 256 pp. Fr. 18.50.Middle English Dictionary. Editor Hans Kurath. Associate Editor Sherman M. Kuhn. Parts E 2 - F 4, Plan and Bibliography. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 1953-55. Subscription price $ 2.50 & $ 3 per part.Scientific Grammar of Present-Day English. A Text-Book for Colleges and Universities. A. Willem De Groot, University of British Columbia. University of British Columbia Book-Store, Vancouver 8, B. C, Canada. 1954. vi (ix) + 117 (119) pp. Price One Dollar.Juliana. Edited by Rosemary Woolf. (Methuen's Old English Library.) London: Methuen. 1955. x + 166 pp. Price 9s. 6d.Studies in the Word-Order of Ælfric's Catholic Homilies and Lives of the Saints. By C. R. Barrett. Inaug.-Diss. Bern. Occasional Papers, III. Department of Anglo-Saxon, Cambridge. 1953. ix + 135 pp.English Prose Fiction. 1600-1700. A chronological Checklist. Compiled by Charles C. Mish. Charlottesville: Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia. 1952. 3 parts (1600-1640, 1641-1660, 1661-1700). iii + 21, v + 34, v + 87 pp. $4.00 (free to members).Assembling, Arranging, and Publicizing Literary Manuscripts. A paper read before the English Institute in September 1951 by Herman E. Spivey. Charlottesville: Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia for the English Institute. 1952. 20 pp. free to members.The Editing of Recent Historical Papers and their Value [or the Literary Student. A paper read before the English Institute in September 1951 by Helene Maxwell Hooker. Charlottesville: Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia for the English Institute. 1952. 14 pp. free to members.The Englishman: A Political Journal by Richard Steele. Edited by Rae Blanchard. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1955. xxii + 497 pp. 8vo. Price 50 shillings.Wordsworth's Imagery. A Study - in Poetic Fiction. By Florence Marsh. (Yale Studies in English, vol. 121.) New Haven: Yale University Press. 1952. 146 pp. $3.75.Aesthetics and Language: Essays by W. B. Gallie [and others]. Edited with an introduction by William Elton. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954. 186 pp. 21s.The Tightrope Walkers. Essays on Mannerism in Modern English Literature. By Giorgio Melchiori. Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1956. ix + 269 pp. + Index. 25s.Modern Fiction Studies: a Critical Quarterly published by the Modern Fiction Club of Purdue University. Room 108, University Hall, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A. Volume 1, nos. 1-4. ( February - November 1955.)The Concessive Relation in Old English Poetry. By Randolph Quirk. (Yale Studies in English, vol. 124.) New Haven: Yale University Press- 1954. ix + 148 pp.Vergebung und Gnade bei Shakespeare. Von Ernst Theodor Sehrt. Stuttgart: K. F. Koehler Verlag. 1952. 260 pp. DM. 18.—.A History of English Drama, 1660-1900. By Aixardyce Nicoll. Vol. I: Restoration Drama, 1660-1700, fourth edition, 462 pp. Vol. II: Early Eighteenth Century Drama, third edition, 467 pp. Vol. Ill: Late Eighteenth Century Drama, second edition, 423 pp. Cambridge, 1952. 42/— each volume.Edward Gibbon. His View of Life and Conception of History. By Per Fuglum. (Oslo Studies in English. Publications of the British Institute in the University of Oslo.) Oslo: Akademisk Forlag; Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1953. 176 pp. Cr 10.50; 10s. 6d.Die “Fashionable Novels”. Ein Kapitel zur englischen Kultur-und Romangeschichte. By Friedrich Schubel. (Essays and Studies on English Language and Literature, ed. by S. B. Liljegren. No. XII.) Upsala: A.-B. Lundequistska Bokhandeln. 1952. 327 pp. 16/—.L'Evolution de Walt Whitman Apres la Premiere Edition des Feuilles d'Herbes. Par Roger Asselineau. Paris: Didier. 1954. 569 pp.Zeit und Wirklichkeit bei Thomas Wolfe. By Karin Pfister. (Anglistische Forschungen, Heft 89.) Heidelberg: Carl Winter. 1954. 140 pp. DM 9.60.The Durham Proverbs. An eleventh century collection of Anglo-Saxon proverbs edited from Durham Cathedral MS. B III. 32 by O. Arngart. (Lunds Universitets Arsskrift. N. F. Avd. 1. Bd 52. Nr. 2.) 24 pp. and 1 facsimile. Lund 1956. Swed. Kr. 2.50.An Exposition of Qui Habitat and Bonum Est in English. Edited by Bjorn Wallner. (Lund Studies in English XXIII.) Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup. 1954. Ixxii + 122 pp. 12 Swedish Crowns.English Literature in the Sixteenth Century excluding Drama. By C. S. Lewis, Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. The Completion of the Clark Lectures, Trinity College, Cambridge 1944. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press. 1954. vi + 696 pp. 30s. net.De Descriptione Temporum. An Inaugural Lecture by C. S. Lewis, Professor of Medieval and Renaissance English Literature in the University of Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 1955. 23 pp. 2s. 6d. net.The Poems of Sir Arthur Gorges. Edited by Helen Estabrook Sandison. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1953. lviii + 254 pp. 30s. net.The Harmonious Vision: Studies in Milton's Poetry. By Don Cameron Allen. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. 1954. xx + 125 pp. Price $3.The Life Records of John Milton. Edited by J. Milton French. Vol. II, 1639-1651. vi + 395 pp. Rutgers University Press, 1950. Vol. III, 1651-1654. [iv] + 470 pp. 1954. $7:50.

Published
1956
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8. Reviews

Author

Ekwall, Eilert, Bense, J. F., Nosworthy, J. M., Wood, Frederick, Ludeke, H., van der Vat, D. G., Gallas, K. R., Mulder, H., Deuschle, E. L., Macdonald, Angus, Brie, Friedrich, van Haeringen, C. B., Zandvoort, R. W., van Kranendonk, A. G., Kalma, D., Kirchner, G., Braaksma, M. H., and Schubiger, Maria

Abstract

En Sprogmands Levned. By Otto Jespersen. 247 pp. + five plates. København: Gyldendal. 1938. Dan. Cr. 8.75.Jack and Jill. A Study in Our Christian Names. By Ernest Weekley. xii + 193 pp. London: John Murray. 1939. 5s. net.Rare Poems of the Seventeenth Century. Chosen and Edited by L. Birkett Marshall. viii + 234 pp. London : The Cambridge University Press. 1936. 7s. 6d. net.Lord Botingbroke, Ses Ecrits Politiques. Par Paul Baratier. (Annales de l'Universite de Lyon. Lettres, iii, 7.) 370 pp. Paris: Societe d'Edition Les Belles Lettres. 1939.Lettres Inedites de Bolingbroke a Lord Stair, 1716-1720. Par Paul Baratier. 106 pp. Imprimerie de Trevoux. 1939.Poor Collins. His Life, his Act and his Influence. By E. G. Ainsworth, Jr. xii & 340 pp. 8°. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. London: Humphrey Milford. Oxford University Press. 1937. 15 s. net.Unforgotten Years. By Logan Pearsall Smith. 266 pp. London: Constable and Company. 1938. 10s.Minuet: A Critical Survey of French and English Literary Ideas in the Eighteenth Century. By F. C. Green. 489 pp. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd. 1935. Price 15s.Essentials of English Grammar. By Otto Jespersen. Pp. 387. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. Fourth Impression. 1938. Stiffened Paper Edition, 6s. 6d. net.Chaucer's Romance Vocabulary. By Joseph Mersand. IX + 173 pp. Brooklyn—New-York: The Comet Press, Inc. 1937.Die nationale Literatur Schottlands von den Anfangen bis zur Renaissance. Von Friedrich Brie. 371 pp. Halle: Max Niemeyer. 1937. RM. 14.John Skelton. Laureate. By W. Nelson. ( Columbia University Studies in English and Comparative Literature, 139.) vi + 266 pp. New York: Columbia University Press. London: Milford. 1939. Price 15s.A Dictionary of the Low Dutch Element in the English Vocabulary. By J. F. Bense. Part III—V (Keelful-Zwart). Den Haag (Nijhoff), 1932-1939.A Petite Pallace of Pettie his Pleasure. Edited by H. W. Hartman, xxxiv + 327 pp. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press. 1938. $6,50; 25s.The Art and Life of William Shakespeare. By Hazelton Spencer, xx + 495 pp. New York: Harcourt, Brace 6 Cy. 1940. Price?Shakespeare's Sonnets. Edited with Introduction and Notes by Tucker Brooke, x + 346 pp. 8°. London 6 New York: Oxford University Press. 1936. Price 21 s.Der “Hamlet”; Shakespeares. Von H. H. Glunz. (Wissenschaft und Gegenwart Nr. 13.) 69 pp. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann. 1940. RM. 1.75.Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. By E. Casady. (The Modern Language Association of America, Revolving Fund Series, VIII.) xii + 257 pp. New York: The Modern Language Association of America. London: Mil ford. 1938. Price 11s. 6d.Jan Jansz. Starter. Door J. H. Brouwer. Assen : Van Gorcum & Comp. N.V. 1940. f 3.50.The Life and Work of William Gilpin (1724-1804). Master of the Picturesque and Vicar of Boldre. By William D. Templeman. (Illinois Studies in Language and Literature, Vol. xxiv). 336 pp. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1939. $3.00 (paper-bound); $3.00 (cloth-bound).Fenimore Cooper. Sa Vie et son Œuvre. La Jeunesse (1789-1826). Par Marcel Clavel. 695 + (3) pp. 8°. Imprimerie universitaire de Provence. E. Fourcine. Aix-en-Provence. 1938. (These de la faculte des lettres Aix-Marseille. )Fenimore Cooper and his Critics. American, British and French Criticisms of the Novelist's Early Work. By Marcel Clavel. 418 pp. 8°. Imprimerie universitaire de Provence. E. Fourcine. Aix-en-Provence. 1938. (These complementaire de la faculte des lettres Aix-Marseille.)Hermann Melville, Eine Stilistische Untersuchung. Von Walter Weber. XVIII + 242 pp. Inaugural-Dissertation Basel. Basel: Philographischer Verlag. 1937.Hermann Melvilles Gedankengut, Eine kritische Untersuchung seiner weltanschaulichen Grundideen. Von Dr. K. H. Sundermann. 226 pp. Berlin: Verlag Arthur Collignon. 1937.Doughty s English. By Walt Taylor. (S.P.E. Tract No. LI). 64 pp. Oxford, At the Clarendon Press. 1939. 2s. 6d. net.Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Held at the University of Ghent 18-22 July 1938. Edited by Edgard Blancquaert and Willem PeE. 535 pages. Ghent 1939.

Published
1940
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9. Boekbespreking

Author

V., K. S. d., Salverda de Grave, J. J., Sneyders de Vogel, K., Swaen, A. E. H., Deuschle, E. L., Popma, T., Prins, A. A., Perdeck, A., Manen, W. v., and de Groot, A. W.

Published
1931
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10. Reviews

Author

Arngart, O.A son, van Kranendonk, A. G., Ekwall, Eilert, Stamm, Rudolf, Praz, Mario, Brand, A. H., Zandvoort, R. W., Baehrens, C. E., Timmer, B. J., Ould, Charles, Hausermann, H. W., Prins, A. A., Erades, P. A., Bohet, V., Fricker, Robert, Born, R., Deuschle, E. L., and Erabes, A.

Abstract

Substantival Inflexion in Early Old English, Vocalic Stems. By Ivar Dahl. (Lund Studies in English, vol. 7.) xvi + 206 pp. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup; London: Williams & Norgate, Ltd.; Copenhagen: Levin & Munksgaard, Ejnar Munksgaard. 1938. 10 kronor.Old English Personal Names in Bede's History. An Etymological-Phonological Investigation. By Hilmer Strom. (Lund Studies in English, vol. 8.) xliii + 181 pp. Lund, London, Copenhagen, 1939. 10 kronor.Studies on Middle English Local Surnames. By Mattias T. Lofvenberg. (Lund Studies in English, vol. 11.) xlv + 255 pp. Lund, London, Copenhagen, 1942. 10 kronor.The Works of Edmund Spenser. A Variorum Edition. Edited by E. Greenlaw, C. G. Osgood and F. M. Padelford. Vol. 6. The Faerie Queene. Books Six and Seven. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. 1938. Price $6.00.Shakespeares Name und Herkunft. Von Johannes Hoops. (Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse. Jahrgang 1940/1.) 56 pp. Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitatsbuchhandlung. 1941. RM. 2,80.Puritan Masters and Servants. Ein Kapittel puritanischer Ethik. Von Helmut Singer. 103 pp. Engelsdorf-Leipzig 1940.Der umstrittene Ruhm Alexander Popes. Von Rudolf Stamm. (Schweizer Anglistische Arbeiten, Swiss Studies in English, 12. Band.) 116 pp. Bern: A. Francke. [1941.] Price Swiss Francs 6,50.The Orthography and Pronunciation of Henry Machyn, the London Diarist. A Study of the South-East Yorkshire Dialect in the Early 16th Century. By Axel Wijk. x + 298 pp. Uppsala: Appelbergs Boktryckeriaktiebolag. 1937. Kr. 8.—.The Language of Satirized Characters in Poetaster. A socio-stylistic analysis 1597-1602. By A. H. King. (Lund Studies in English. X.) xxxiv + 258 pp. Lund: Gleerup. 1941. Price 10 kronor.Das histocische Drama in England von der Romantik bis zttr Gegenwart. Von Robert Fricker. (Schweizer anglistische Arbeiten, 8. Band.) vi + 363 pp. Bern: A. Francke. 1940. Sw. Fr. 13.50.Richard Wagner in der englischen Literatuc des xix. Jahr-hunderts. Von Max Moser. (Swiss Studies in English, Vol. 7.) 118 pp. Bern: Verlag A. Francke AG. 1938. Sw. Fr. 5.75.Aubrey de Vere as a Man of Letters. By Th. A. Pijpers. viii 4- 224 pp. Nijmegen-Utrecht: Dekker & van de Vegt N.V. 1941.Eve and Lilith. A poem by Charles Ould. With 10 original woodcuts by Robert Hainard. 59 pp. Geneva: Cercle litteraire. 1942. Fr. 4.80.Mittelenglische Dichtungen aus der Handschrift 432 des Trinity College in Dublin. Herausgegeben von Rudolf Brotanek. 218 pp. Halle: Max Niemeyer. 1940. Price RM. 12.A Syntax of the English Language of St. Thomas More. A. The Verb. By F. Th. Visser. XXXII + 443 pp. 1941. (Diss. Nijmegen).Charles Reade. Sa vie, ses romans. Par LeONE Rives. 525 pp. Toulouse: Imprimerie Toulousaine. 1940.It's Never Too Late To Mend. An edition of Charles Reade's unpublished drama, with an introduction and notes. By LeONE Rives. Toulouse: Imprimerie Toulousaine. 1940.Figurengestaltung im Beowulf-Epos. Von Dr. Anton Pirk-hofer. (Anglistische Forschungen, Heft 87). VII + 160 pp. Heidelberg: Carl Winter. 1940. Price RM. 8.50.Shakespeare-Jahrbuch. Herausgegeben im Auftrage der Deut-schen Shakespeare-Gesellschaft von Wolfgang Keller.* Band 77. (Neue Folge XVIII. Band), viii + 254 pp. Weimar: Bohlau. 1941.Der dramatische Rhythmus in Shakespeares “Antonius und Cleopatra”;. Von Rudolf Binder. (Englandstudien, heraus-gegeben von C. A. Weber, Heft 1.) 173 pp. Wiirzburg-Aumuhle: Konrad Trilsch Verlag. 1939. RM. 3.90.Der Einflass Jakob Bohmes auf die englische Literatur des 17. Jahrhunderts. Von Wilhelm Struck. (Neue Deutsche Forschungen, herausgegeben von Gunther & Rothacker, Band 69.) 262 pp. Berlin: Junker & Dunnhaupt. 1936. RM. 10.—.Les Verbes Anglais, Morphologie. Par Georges Bonnard, Professeur a I'Universite de Lausanne. 96 pp. Lausanne: Librairie Payot. 1942. Sw. Fr. 1.80.Storia delta Letteratura Inglese di Mario Praz. Con 80 Illustrazioni. Terra edizione con bibliografie aggiornate. 417 pp. Firenze: G. C. Sansoni, Editore. MCMXLII. Lire 50.—.ÆLFRIC, Sermonnaire, Docteur et Grammairien. Contribution a l'etude de la vie et de l'action benedictines en Angleterre au Xe siecle. Par Marguerite-Marie Dubois. VIII + 419 pp. Paris: Librairie E. Droz. 1943. 200 fr.Sawles Warde. An Early Middle English Homily edited from the Bodley, Royal and Cotton MSS. by R. M. Wilson. XLVI + 115 pp. 1938.The Conflict of Wit and Wilt. Fragments of a Middle English Alliterative Poem now first edited by Bruce Dickins. 26 pp. 1937.The Pastoral Elegy. An Anthology. Edited with Introduction. Commentary, and Notes by Thomas Perrin Harrison, Jr. English Translations by Harry Joshua Leon, xi + 312 pp. University of Texas Press. 1939. Price $ 2.50.The Elements of Sound and their Relation to Language. By Mark H. Liddell. (Illinois Studies in Language and Literature, Vol. XXVII. No. 1.) 138 pp. The University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, 1940. $ 1.50.

Published
1943
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11. Reviews

Author

Arngart, O., Funke, O., Zandvoort, R. W., Bonnard, G. A., Carr, B. M. H., Deuschle, E. L., Neuijen, S., Draak, Maartje, Sundby, Bertil, Wood, Frederick, Schnyder, Hans, Turner, Paul, Simon, Irene, Timmer, B. J., Prins, A. A., Ludeke, H., Nørgaard, Holger, Praz, Mario, Koszul, A., Bodelsen, C. A., Polak, Leon, Stamm, Rudolf, Rynell, Alarik, Galway, Margaret, Armstrong, William, Erades, P. A., Potter, Simeon, HAusermann, H. W., Storms, G., and Gerritsen, Johan

Abstract

Middle English Dictionary. Editor Hans Kurath. Associate Editor Sherman M. Kuhn. Part E. 1. Univ. of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 1952.A Syntax of the English Language of St. Thomas More. By F. Th. Visser. The Verb. Part I (pp. XXVI, 448; 1946). part II (pp. XX, 449-751; 1952). In: Materials for the Study of the Old English Drama, ed. H. De Vocht (vol. XIX, XXIV).Sir Philip Sidney and the English Renaissance. By John Buxton. London: Macmillan & Co Ltd. 1954. xi + 284 pp. 18s net.The Genevese Background. Studies of Shelley, Francis Danby. Maria Edgeworth, Ruskin, Meredith, and Joseph Conrad in Geneva (with hitherto unpublished letters) by H. W. HAusermann. x + 224 pp. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1952. 18/- net.The Phonology of the Middle English Dialect of Sussex. By SVEN Rubin. (Lund Studies in English. XXI.) C. W. Gleerup, Lund; Ejnar Munksgaard, Copenhagen. 1951. 235 pp. Sw. cr. 14.Early Middle English Texts, edited by Bruce Dickins & R. M. Wilson. Cambridge: Bowes & Bowes. 1951. 335 pp. Illustrated, 15s. net.The Arts in the Middle English Romances. By M. A. Owings. New York: Bookman Associates. 1952. 204 pp. $3.50.An Introduction to Welsh Poetry. By Gwyn Williams. London: Faber and Faber. 1953. 8-vo. 271 pp.. 25/—.A Syntax of the English Language of St. Thomas More. By F. Th. Visser. The Verb. Part. I (pp. XXVI, 448; 1946). part II (pp. XX, 449-751; 1952). In: Materials for the Study of the Old English Drama ed. H. de Vocht (vol. XIX, XXIV).Shakespeare's Pronunciation. By Hedge Kokeritz. New Haven: Yale University Press; London: Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press. 1953. xv + 516 pp. $7.50; 48 s.King Lear. Edited by Kenneth Muir. (The Arden Shakespeare. General Editor: Una Ellis-Fermor.) London: Methuen. 1952. lxiv + 256 pp. 18s. net.An Introduction to Eighteenth-Century Drama, 1700-1780. By Frederick S. Boas. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, 1953. viii + 365 pp. 25/— net.W. Wordsworth / S. T. Coleridge: Lyrical Ballads (1798). Historisch-kritisch hrsg. mit Einl. u. Anm. von F. W. Schulze. Halle: Max Niemeyer Verlag. 1952. X + 200$.Sir Max Beerbohm, Man and Writer. By J. G. Riewald. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. 1953. xxxii + 369 pp. Cloth, fl. 27.50.The T. S. Eliot Myth. By Rossell Hope Robbins. New York: Henry Schuman. 1951. 226 pp. $3.00.The Old English Exodus, edited with Introduction, Notes and Glossary by E. B. Irving, Jr. (Yale Studies in English, Vol. 122.) New Haven: Yale University Press. 1953. 129 pp. Price $5.00.Daily Living in the Twelfth Century. By Urban Tigner Holmes, Jr. The University of Wisconsin Press, 1952. xiv + 335 pp. $ 3.85.Cambridge Middle English Lyrics. Edited by H. A. Person. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 1953. viii + 92 pp. $ 2.50.John Lydgate, Ein Kulturbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert. Von Walter F. Schirmer. Tubingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. 1952. xi + 255 pp.Shakespeare's Use of Learning. An Inquiry into the Growth of his Mind & Art. 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Thorpe, Bennett Weaver, and Rene Wellek. Edited by Thomas W. Raysor. The Modern Language Association of America. New York, 1950. 241 pp. $2.85.Der Einfluss der englischen Literatur auf die deutsche. By Horst Oppel. Sonderabdruck aus Deutsche Philologie im Aufriss. Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin. Bielefeld, Munchen. [1954(?)] 98 columns. Price?Die Bedeutung von Edgar Allan Poe fur die englische Literatut. Von Harro Heinz Kuhnelt. Innsbruck 1949. 320 pp.Sir Gawain and the Carl of Carlisle in Two Versions. Edited by Auvo Kurvinen. (Annales Academiæ Scientiarum Fennicae, B71,2.) Helsinki, 1951. 229 pp.Chaucerian Essays. By Gordon Hall Gerould. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1952. i + 103 pp. $2.00.Claudius Holyband. The French Littelton. The Edition of 1609. With an Introduction by M. St. Clare Byrne. Cambridge University Press. 1953. xxxii + 220 pp. 18s. net.Il Teatro di John Marston. Di Giuliano Pellegrini. (Libreria Goliardica Editrice, Studi e Tcsi, No. 4). 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Heidelberg: Carl Winter. 1955. 228 pp. Cloth, DM. 9,80.Studies in the History of Old English Literature. By Kenneth Sisam. Oxford, At the Clarendon Press, 1953. vi + 314 pp. Price 30/—.Geschichte der englischen und amerikanischen Literatur von den Anfangen bis zur Gegenwart. Von Walter F. Schirmer. Zweite neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Tubingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. 1954. Erster Band: xii + 465 pp. DM. 35.50. Zweiter Band: 395 pp. DM. 24.50.The Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker. Edited by Fredson Bowers. Volume I. Cambridge University Press. 1953. xviii 4-469 pp. 35/— net.Un dramma inglese inedito e adespoto del secolo diciassettesimo: The Lover's Stratagem, or Virtue Rewarded. Storia — critica — testo in edizione diptomatica — note. [A cura di] Alfredo Obertello. Genova, Pubblicazioni dell' Istituto Universitario di Magistero, [1952]. dxvii + 188 pp. Lire 3000.Thomas Gray. A Biography by R. W. Ketton-Cremer. Cambridge University Press. 1955. xiii + 310 pp. 25s. net.The Egotistical Sublime. A History of Wordsworth's Imagination. By John Jones. London: Chatto and Windus, 1954. 212 pp. 16/—.

Published
1955
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12. Reviews

Author

van Hamel, A. G., Deuschle, E. L., Ekwall, Eilert, Bohet, V., Praz, Mario, Wood, Frederick, Falconer, J. A., Stamm, R., Schubiger, M., Mulder, H., Bodelsen, C. A., Dal, Ingerid, Bonnard, G., Brie, Friedrich, Thommen, E., Marchand, Hans, Braaksma, M. H., Bohet, V., Verkoren, L., Zandvoort, R. W., Mosse, F., Haight, Gordon, D'Ardenne, S. T. R. O., Laird, Charlton, and Ludeke, H.

Abstract

Die altenglischen Kenningar. Ein Beitrag zur Stilkunde altgermanischer Dichtung. Von H. Marquardt. (Schriften der Konigsberger Gelehrten Gesellschaft, Geisteswissenschaftliche Klasse, 14 Jahr, Heft 3). Halle: Niemeyer. 1938. RM. 22.—.Die Passivumschreibungen im Altenglischen. Von Josef Klingebiel. x + 115 pp. (Diss. Berlin.) 1937.Grammatica Anglicana von P. Gr. (1594), herausgegeben und mit einer Einleitung versehen von Dr. Otto Funke. [Wiener Beitrage zur englischen Philologie herausgegeben von Friedrich Wild, LX. Band.] Wien u. Leipzig: Wilhelm Braumuller. 1938. lii + 39 pp. RM. 7.Shakespeare and the Comic IdeaShakespearean Comedy. By H. B. Charlton. 303 pp. London: Methuen. 1938. 10s. 6d.The Plays of John Marston, in three volumes. Edited from the earliest texts with Introduction and Notes by H. Harvey Wood. Edinburgh-London: Oliver and Boyd. 1938. Volume Two. Pp. xx—360. Price 12/6 net. (The Blackfriars Dramatists, ed. by H. Harvey Wood).Ben Jonson. Edited by C. H. Herford, Percy and Evelyn Simpson. Volume VI. Bartholomew Fair, The Devil is an Ass, The Staple of News, The New Inn, The Magnetic Lady. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press. 1938. Pp. xii—597. Price 21s. net.Travel and Literature, An Attempt at a Literary Appreciation of English Travel Books About Persia, from the Middle Ages to the Present Day. By M. H. Braaksma. 128 pp. Groningen: J. B. Wolters. 1938. Price fl 2.50.Sir Walter Scott, Bart. A New Life supplementary to, and corrective of, Lockhart's Biography. By Sir Herbert Grierson. xii + 320 pp. London: Constable. 1938. 18s. net.Humanism and Naturalism. A Comparative Study of Ernest Seilliere, Irving Babbitt and Paulo Elmer More. By Folke Leander. (Goteborgs Hogskolas Arsskrift XLIII.) 227 pp. Goteborg. 1937.Cockney Past and Present. By William Matthews M.A., Ph. D. xv + 245 pp. London: Routledge. 1938. Price 10 sh. 6d.A Grammar of English Words. One thousand English words and their pronunciation, together with information concerning the several meanings of each word, its inflections and derivatives, and the collocations and phrases into which it enters. By Harold E. Palmer, D. Litt., xvi + 300 pp. London: Longmans, Green and Co. 1938. Price 5s.The British Empire. By C. F. Mullett. 768 pp. London: Harrap & Co. 1938. 12/6.Studies in the Accidence of the Lindisfarne Gospels. By Alan S. C. Ross. Leeds School of English Language Texts and Monographs II. 179 pp. Kendal: Titus Wilson. 1937. 10s.The Allegory of Love. A Study in Medieval Tradition. By C. S. Lewis. 378 pp. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1936. 15 s.Shakespeare's Philosophical Patterns. By Walter Clyde Curry, xii + 244 pp. Louisiana State University Press. 1937. $2.75.Racial Proverbs, a Selection of the World's Proverbs arranged Linguistically by Selwyn Gurney Champion, M.D. cxxix + 767 pp. London: G. Routledge & Sons. Price 35/—.On the Origin and Early Development of the Auxiliary Do. By Victor Engblom. (Lund Studies in English. VI.) 169 pp. Lund: Gleerup. 1938. Price 8 kr.An Edition of þe Liflade ant re Passiun of Seinte Iuliene. By S. T. R. O. D'ardenne. ( Bibliotheque de la Faculte de Philosophie et Lettres de l'Universite de Liege. Fasc. LXIV.) xlix + 250 pp. Liege, 1936. 10s. 6d.The Crescent and the Rose. Islam and England during the Renaissance. By Samuel C. Chew, ix + 583 pp. New York: Humphrey Milford. 1938. $5.00.Essais en Deux Langues. Par Louis Cazamian. XV + 319 pp. Paris: Didier. 1938. 40 fr.David Garrick, Dramatist. By Elizabeth P. Stein. 315 pp. New York: The Modern Language Association of America. 1938. $2.50.On Shelley. By Edmund Blunden, Gavin De Beer, and Sylva Norman. VI and 99 pp. With a frontispiece. Oxford University Press, 1938. 5s. net.Der Englische Modernismus in seinen neuzeitlichen Auswirkungen nach den Werken von Dean Inge, Von Senta Frauchiger. (Schweizer Anglistische Arbeiten, Herausgegeben von B. Fehr, O. Funke und H. Ludeke. Band 5.) 120 pp. Zurich und Leipzig: Max Niehans Verlag. 1937. Sw. Fr. 5.00; RM. 3.00.Die Literarasthetik des europaischen Mittelalters. Wolfram — Rosenroman — Chaucer — Dante. Von H. H. Glunz. Bochum-Langendreer, Verlag von Heinrich Poppinghaus o. H.-G. 1937. Pp. xvi-608, 12 plates. (Das Abendland, Forschungen zur Geschichte europaischen Geisteslebens herausgegeben von Herbert Schoffler, Zweiter Band). Price RM. 20.—.Prolegomena for the Oxford Shakespeare. A Study in Editorial Method. By R. B. Mckerrow. xiv + 110 + two specimen pages. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press. 1939. 6s. net.Hanap's Standard French and English Dictionary. Edited by J. E. Mansion. Part Two. English-French. XII-1488p. London: George G. Harrap & Co. 1939.The Battle of Brunanburh. Edited by Alistair Campbell. xvi + 168 pp. London: William Heinemann. 1938. 10/6 net.The Mirror for Magistrates. Edited from original Texts in the Huntington Library by Lily B. Campbell. 554 pages. Cambridge: At the University Press. 1938. 42 sh. net.The Complaint of Henry, Duke of Buckingham. Including the Induction, or, Thomas Sackville's Contribution to the Mirror for Magistrates. Edited from the Author's Manuscript with Introduction, Notes, and Collation, with the first printed edition by Marguerite Hearsev. VIII + 139 pages. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1936. 9 sh. net.Studies in Seventeenth-Century Imagery. Volume I. By Mario Praz. (Volume 3 of Studies of the Warburg Institute, edited by Fritz Saxl.) Pp. [1]-223. London: The Warburg Institute. 1939.A History of Modern Colloquial English. By Henry Cecil Wyld. Third Edition, with Additions, xviii + 433 pages. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1936. 8/6.Current English. A Study of Present-Day Usages and Tendencies, including Pronunciation, Spelling, Grammatical Practice, Word-coining, and the Shifting of Meanings. By A. G. Kennedy, Professor of English Philology in Stanford University, xiii + 737 pp. Boston: Ginn and Company. 1935. Price $3.50.The Articles, a Study of their Theory and Use in English. By Poul Christophersen. Copenhagen: Munksgaard. Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press. 1939. 206 pp. 12 kr.Abriss der Mittelenglischen Grammatik. Von Karl Brunner. 90 pp. Halle/Saale: Max Niemeyer. 1938. RM. 2.40; cloth RM. 3.40.Peter Idley's Instructions to his Son. Edited with Introduction and Notes by Charlotte D'evelyn. (Modern Language Association of America Monograph Series, Vol. VI.) VIII, 240. Boston and London: D. C. Heath and Oxford University Press. 1935. $2.50; 11s. 6d.The Voyagers and Elizabethan Drama. By R. R. Cawlev. (Modern Language Association of America Monograph Series, Vol. VIII.) ix + 428 pp. Humphrey Milford, 1938. 18 sh. net.The Overburian Characters; to which is added: A Wife. By Sir Thomas Overbury. Edited by W. J. Paylor, B.A., B. Litt. (The Percy Reprints XIII.) xxxiv + 157 pages. Oxford: Blackwell. 1936. 8 sh. 6d.Walt Whitman in Deutschland. Von H. Law'robertson. (Giessener Beitrage zur deutschen Philologie, herausgegeben von O. Behaghel, A. Gotz und K. Viëtor. XLII.) 91 pp. 8°. Giessen. 1935. RM. 3.20.

Published
1939
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16. Boekbespreking.

Author

Boer, Tj., Meulen, J., K. S. d. V., Praag, J., Geers, G., Salverda de Grave, J., Valkhoff, Marius, Zeeman, D., Rijk, J., Deuschle, E., and Swaen, A.

Published
1929
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17. Histomorphological analysis of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system in Macaca mulatta species.

Author

Sandulescu T, Deuschle E, Mätz-Rensing K, Voigt T, Naumova EA, and Arnold WH

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Face anatomy & histology, Cheek anatomy & histology, Subcutaneous Tissue anatomy & histology, Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System anatomy & histology
Abstract

Introduction: The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is a well described facial functional unit in humans. SMAS connects mimic musculature to the skin having many implication in facial mimic expression. One of the various morphological and physiological analogies in human and Macaca mulatta species is the facial mimic. The present study analyzed Macaca mulatta species SMAS morphology and its facial topographical differences and compared this with human SMAS tissue morphology., Material and Methods: Macaca mulatta full-graft tissue blocks of skin, subcutaneous tissue and mimic muscles from five topographical different facial regions (Regio Temporalis, Regio Buccalis, Regio Infraorbitalis, Regio Angulus Oris and Regio Mandibularis) were collected postmortem from eight individuals (n = 8) at the German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research in Göttingen (DPZ) and studied histologically. Haematoxylin-eosin and azan stained histological serial sections of full-graft tissue blocks were analyzed and SMAS topographical differences evaluated., Results: SMAS typical tissue morphology was recognized in all Macaca mulatta histological serial sections (n = 780). Regio Infraorbitalis Macaca mulatta SMAS (MmSMAS) morphology was similar to human infraorbital SMAS morphology (type I SMAS). Suborbicularis oculi fat pad was recognized in Macaca mulatta samples. Human type I similar SMAS morphology was demonstrated over Macaca mulatta Regio Temporalis and Regio Buccalis. Regio Angulus Oris and the cranial area of the Regio Mandibularis presented human type II similar SMAS morphology. Type IV MmSMAS was closely related to the parotid gland tissue presence. The cervical area of the Regio Mandibularis presented human type V similar SMAS morphology., Conclusions: SMAS is a complex fibro-musculo-adipose tissue network and probably an important pivot in Macaca mulatta facial system supporting mimic expression. This study provided insights into MmSMAS typology and similarity with human SMAS tissue morphology., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)

Published
2023
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18. Role of β1 integrins and bacterial adhesins for Yop injection into leukocytes in Yersinia enterocolitica systemic mouse infection.

Author

Deuschle E, Keller B, Siegfried A, Manncke B, Spaeth T, Köberle M, Drechsler-Hake D, Reber J, Böttcher RT, Autenrieth SE, Autenrieth IB, Bohn E, and Schütz M

Subjects
Adhesins, Bacterial genetics, Alleles, Animals, Integrin beta1 genetics, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Plasmids, Adhesins, Bacterial physiology, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins administration & dosage, Integrin beta1 physiology, Leukocytes metabolism, Yersinia Infections blood, Yersinia enterocolitica
Abstract

Injection of Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) into host cells by a type III secretion system is an important immune evasion mechanism of Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye). In this process Ye invasin (Inv) binds directly while Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) binds indirectly via extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to β1 integrins on host cells. Although leukocytes turned out to be an important target of Yop injection by Ye, it was unclear which Ye adhesins and which leukocyte receptors are required for Yop injection. To explain this, we investigated the role of YadA, Inv and β1 integrins for Yop injection into leukocytes and their impact on the course of systemic Ye infection in mice. Ex vivo infection experiments revealed that adhesion of Ye via Inv or YadA is sufficient to promote Yop injection into leukocytes as revealed by a β-lactamase reporter assay. Serum factors inhibit YadA- but not Inv-mediated Yop injection into B and T cells, shifting YadA-mediated Yop injection in the direction of neutrophils and other myeloid cells. Systemic Ye mouse infection experiments demonstrated that YadA is essential for Ye virulence and Yop injection into leukocytes, while Inv is dispensable for virulence and plays only a transient and minor role for Yop injection in the early phase of infection. Ye infection of mice with β1 integrin-depleted leukocytes demonstrated that β1 integrins are dispensable for YadA-mediated Yop injection into leukocytes, but contribute to Inv-mediated Yop injection. Despite reduced Yop injection into leukocytes, β1 integrin-deficient mice exhibited an increased susceptibility for Ye infection, suggesting an important role of β1 integrins in immune defense against Ye. This study demonstrates that Yop injection into leukocytes by Ye is largely mediated by YadA exploiting, as yet unknown, leukocyte receptors., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)

Published
2016
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19. Yersinia enterocolitica exploits different pathways to accomplish adhesion and toxin injection into host cells.

Author

Keller B, Mühlenkamp M, Deuschle E, Siegfried A, Mössner S, Schade J, Griesinger T, Katava N, Braunsdorf C, Fehrenbacher B, Jiménez-Soto LF, Schaller M, Haas R, Genth H, Retta SF, Meyer H, Böttcher RT, Zent R, Schütz M, Autenrieth IB, and Bohn E

Subjects
Epithelial Cells microbiology, Fibroblasts metabolism, Flow Cytometry, Integrin alphaV metabolism, Integrin beta1 metabolism, Microscopy, Electron, Protein Binding, Protein Transport, Adhesins, Bacterial metabolism, Bacterial Adhesion, Bacterial Toxins metabolism, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Yersinia enterocolitica physiology
Abstract

The current paradigm suggests that Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) adheres to host cells via the outer membrane proteins Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) or invasin (Inv) to facilitate injection of Yops by the type III secretion system. In this process Inv binds directly to β1 integrins of host cells while YadA may bind indirectly via extracellular matrix proteins to β1 integrins. Here we challenged this paradigm and investigated the requirements for Yop injection. We demonstrate that Inv- but not YadA-mediated adhesion depends on β1 integrin binding and activation, and that tight adhesion is a prerequisite for Yop injection. By means of novel transgenic cell lines, shRNA approaches and RGD peptides, we found that YadA, in contrast to Inv, may use a broad host cell receptor repertoire for host cell adhesion. In the absence of β1 integrins, YadA mediates Yop injection by interaction with αV integrins in cooperation with yet unknown cofactors expressed by epithelial cells, but not fibroblasts. Electron microscopic and flow chamber studies revealed that a defined intimate contact area between Ye and host cells resulting in adhesion forces resisting shear stress is required for Yop injection. Thus, the indirect binding of YadA to a broad extracellular matrix (ECM) binding host cell receptor repertoire of different cell types makes YadA a versatile tool to ensure Yop injection. In conclusion, given the differential expression of the outer membrane proteins Inv and YadA in the course of Ye infection and differential expression of integrins by various host cell populations, the data demonstrate that Ye is flexibly armed to accomplish Yop injection in different host cell types, a central event in its immune evasion strategy., (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2015
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20. IFIT2 is an effector protein of type I IFN-mediated amplification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α secretion and LPS-induced endotoxin shock.

Author

Siegfried A, Berchtold S, Manncke B, Deuschle E, Reber J, Ott T, Weber M, Kalinke U, Hofer MJ, Hatesuer B, Schughart K, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabe de Angelis M, Weber F, Hornef MW, Autenrieth IB, and Bohn E

Subjects
Animals, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Cytokines biosynthesis, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Inflammation immunology, Inflammation metabolism, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Proteins genetics, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA-Binding Proteins, Signal Transduction, Interferon Type I metabolism, Lipopolysaccharides immunology, Proteins immunology, Shock, Septic immunology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis
Abstract

Type I IFN signaling amplifies the secretion of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α or IL-6 and might thus contribute to the high mortality associated with Gram-negative septic shock in humans. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, is ill defined. In this study, we report the generation of mice deficient in IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (Ifit2) and demonstrate that Ifit2 is a critical signaling intermediate for LPS-induced septic shock. Ifit2 expression was significantly upregulated in response to LPS challenge in an IFN-α receptor- and IFN regulatory factor (Irf)9-dependent manner. Also, LPS induced secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was significantly enhanced in the presence of Ifit2. In accordance, Ifit2-deficient mice exhibited significantly reduced serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced mortality in an endotoxin shock model. Investigation of the underlying signal transduction events revealed that Ifit2 upregulates Irf3 phosphorylation. In the absence of Irf3, reduced Ifn-β mRNA expression and Ifit2 protein expression after LPS stimulation was found. Also, Tnf-α and Il-6 secretion but not Tnf-α and Il-6 mRNA expression levels were reduced. Thus, IFN-stimulated Ifit2 via enhanced Irf3 phosphorylation upregulates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. It thereby amplifies LPS-induced cytokine production and critically influences the outcome of endotoxin shock.

Published
2013
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