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5. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus associated with mastitis from dairy cows in Rwanda

Author

Keinprecht, Helga, Irimaso, Emmanuel, Rosel, Adriana Cabal, Stessl, Beatrix, Ntakirutimana, Christophe, Marek, Lydia, Fischer, Otto W., Szostak, Michael P., Zöchbauer, Jennifer, Wittek, Thomas, Müller, Elke, Desvars-Larrive, Amelie, Feßler, Andrea T., Braun, Sascha D., Schwarz, Stefan, Spergser, Joachim, Ehling-Schulz, Monika, Monecke, Stefan, Ehricht, Ralf, Ruppitsch, Werner, Grunert, Tom, and Loncaric, Igor

Published
2024
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13. First isolation and genotyping of pathogenic Leptospira spp. from Austria

Author

Sohm, Cynthia, primary, Willixhofer, Denise, additional, Fasching, Eva, additional, Waldner, Karoline, additional, Deitzer, Nicole, additional, Steiner, Janina, additional, Jöbstl, Julia, additional, Schleicher, Corina, additional, Schwarz, Marcel, additional, Fuchs, Reinhard, additional, Bourhy, Pascale, additional, Käsbohrer, Annemarie, additional, Wittek, Thomas, additional, Firth, Clair, additional, Steinparzer, Romana, additional, and Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, additional

Published
2024
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18. A structured open dataset of government interventions in response to COVID-19

Author

Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, Dervic, Elma, Haug, Nina, Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas, Chen, Jiaying, Di Natale, Anna, Lasser, Jana, Gliga, Diana S., Roux, Alexandra, Sorger, Johannes, Chakraborty, Abhijit, Ten, Alexandr, Dervic, Alija, Pacheco, Andrea, Jurczak, Ania, Cserjan, David, Lederhilger, Diana, Bulska, Dominika, Berishaj, Dorontinë, Tames, Erwin Flores, Álvarez, Francisco S., Takriti, Huda, Korbel, Jan, Reddish, Jenny, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Stangl, Johannes, Hadziavdic, Lamija, Stoeger, Laura, Gooriah, Leana, Geyrhofer, Lukas, Ferreira, Marcia R., Bartoszek, Marta, Vierlinger, Rainer, Holder, Samantha, Haberfellner, Simon, Ahne, Verena, Reisch, Viktoria, Servedio, Vito D. P., Chen, Xiao, Pocasangre-Orellana, Xochilt María, Garncarek, Zuzanna, Garcia, David, and Thurner, Stefan

Published
2020
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22. Detection of Pneumocystis and Morphological Description of Fungal Distribution and Severity of Infection in Thirty-Six Mammal Species

Author

Weissenbacher-Lang, Christiane, primary, Blasi, Barbara, additional, Bauer, Patricia, additional, Binanti, Diana, additional, Bittermann, Karin, additional, Ergin, Lara, additional, Högler, Carmen, additional, Högler, Tanja, additional, Klier, Magdalena, additional, Matt, Julia, additional, Nedorost, Nora, additional, Silvestri, Serenella, additional, Stixenberger, Daniela, additional, Ma, Liang, additional, Cissé, Ousmane H., additional, Kovacs, Joseph A., additional, Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, additional, Posautz, Annika, additional, and Weissenböck, Herbert, additional

Published
2023
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25. Using network science in veterinary epidemiology [Poster]

Author

Puspitarani, Gavrila Amadea, Fuchs, Reinhard, Fuchs, Klemens, Ladinig, Andrea, and Desvars-Larrive, Amélie

Abstract

Poster presented at the International School and Conference on Network Science (NetSci) on 12 July 2023 in Vienna, Austria. The content of the poster is adapted from the paper "Network analysis of pig movement data as an epidemiological tool: an Austrian case study" https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36596-1 Abstract: Infectious disease outbreaks in livestock populations compromise animal health and welfare and may lead to high economic losses. Historical epidemics have been associated with movements of animals; therefore, several European countries have developed livestock registration and movement databases to trace animal movements. In this study, we analyze seven years (2015-2021) of daily records of pig movement in Austria and select epidemiologically relevant network metrics that have practical applications for surveillance and control of infectious disease outbreaks. We first explore the topology of the network and its structural changes over time, including seasonal and long-term trends in the pig production activities. We then investigate the temporal dynamics of the network community structure using InfoMap algorithm. We show that the Austrian pig trade network exhibits a scale-free topology but is very sparse, suggesting a moderate impact of infectious disease outbreaks. However, our findings highlight that two regions (Upper Austria and Styria), presenting higher farm density and a significant number of hubs. These regions also host 77% of pig holdings in the largest strongly connected component, making them more vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks. Dynamic community detection revealed a stable behavior of the clusters over the study period. This study provides important insight on the interplay between network theory and veterinary epidemiology and valuable information to designing cost-effective infectious disease surveillance and control plans. Notably, we argue that enhancing biosecurity and surveillance in the highly connected holdings (hubs) would greatly reduce the structural risk and favor timely detection of pathogens. Similarly, trade communities may offer an optimized approach to managing infectious diseases through data-driven zoning.

Published
2023
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26. Detection of Pneumocystis and Morphological Description of Fungal Distribution and Severity of Infection in Thirty-Six Mammal Species

Author

Weissenbacher-Lang, Christiane, Blasi, Barbara, Bauer, Patricia, Binanti, Diana, Bittermann, Karin, Ergin, Lara, Högler, Carmen, Högler, Tanja, Klier, Magdalena, Matt, Julia, Nedorost, Nora, Silvestri, Serenella, Stixenberger, Daniela, Ma, Liang, Cissé, Ousmane H., Kovacs, Joseph A., Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, Posautz, Annika, and Weissenböck, Herbert

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), lung histopathology, primates, Carnivora, Glires, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Eulipotyphla, Glires, Perissodactyla, Pneumocystis species, in situ hybridization, lung histopathology, primates, Eulipotyphla, Plant Science, Pneumocystis species, Chiroptera, in situ hybridization, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Pneumocystis spp. are thought to adapt to the lungs of potentially all mammals. However, the full host range, fungal burden and severity of infection are unknown for many species. In this study, lung tissue samples originating from 845 animals of 31 different families of eight mammal orders were screened by in situ hybridization (ISH) using a universal 18S rRNA probe for Pneumocystis, followed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for determining histopathological lesions. A total of 216 (26%) samples were positive for Pneumocystis spp., encompassing 36 of 98 investigated mammal species, with 17 of them being described for the first time for the presence of Pneumocystis spp. The prevalence of Pneumocystis spp. as assessed by ISH varied greatly among different mammal species while the organism load was overall low, suggesting a status of colonization or subclinical infection. Severe Pneumocystis pneumonia seemed to be very rare. For most of the Pneumocystis-positive samples, comparative microscopic examination of H&E- and ISH-stained serial sections revealed an association of the fungus with minor lesions, consistent with an interstitial pneumonia. Colonization or subclinical infection of Pneumocystis in the lung might be important in many mammal species because the animals may serve as a reservoir.

Published
2023

29. LeptOspirose bei Rindern in Niederösterreich (LORN): Ein gezielter Ansatz zur Verbesserung der Veterinärdiagnostik und zur Verhinderung einer beruflichen Exposition gegenüber Zoonosen

Author

Sohm, Cynthia, Firth, Clair L., Wittek, Thomas, Steinparzer, Romana, and Desvars-Larrive, Amélie

Subjects
Leptospira, cattle, Lower Austria, Austria, Niederösterreich, Österreich, Rinder
Abstract

Poster presenting the project LORN (LeptOspirose bei Rindern in Niederösterreich (LORN): Ein gezielter Ansatz zur Verbesserung der Veterinärdiagnostik und zur Verhinderung einer beruflichen Exposition gegenüber Zoonosen). English title: "Leptospirosis in cattle in Lower Austria: A targeted approach to enhance veterinary diagnostic and prevent zoonotic occupational exposure". The poster was presented at: Agrar- und Forstwissenschaftliche Konferenz 2022 - Kreislaufwirtschaft: Bedarf – Strategien – Vernetzung. 4. Mai 2022, Wien, Österreich. Hintergrund. Leptospirose ist eine weit verbreitete Krankheit, die große wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen auf die Viehwirtschaft haben kann und eine wichtige Zoonose ist. Die Krankheit betrifft Menschen und Tiere und führt zu leichten bis sehr schwerwiegenden klinischen Symptomen. In der jüngeren Vergangenheit gab es in Niederösterreich immer wieder Fälle bei Tieren und Menschen. Dies zeigt, dass die Krankheit ein Problem für die öffentliche Gesundheit darstellt. Problem und Ziel. Verlässliche Daten zur Leptospirose in Österreich sind spärlich, und bis heute stützt sich die serologische Antikörper-Diagnose auf „fremde“ Referenzstämme, obwohl die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) die Verwendung lokal isolierter Stämme zur Erhöhung der Empfindlichkeit des Tests nachdrücklich empfiehlt. Unser Ziel ist es, regional pathogene Leptospiren-Stämme in Niederösterreich von infizierten Rindern in Ställen und Schlachthöfen zu isolieren, um die Sensitivität der serologischen Routinediagnostik für Mensch und Tier zu verbessern. Methodik. Gezielte Probenahme: Nierengewebe und/oder Urinproben werden von: a) routinemäßig geschlachteten Rindern in niederösterreicheschen Schlachthöfen, die als besonders infektionsgefährdet gelten; b) Rinder in niederösterreicheschen landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben, die Symptome von Leptospirose zeigen, entnommen. Genetische Charakterisierung: Die Proben werden mittels PCR gescreent. Um infektiöse Leptospira-Spezies zu charakterisieren, wird ein Fragment des 16S rRNA-Gens sequenziert. Genomik und Phylogenie: Ein Core-Genom MLST (cgMLST)-Ansatz wird verwendet, um die Phylogenie der isolierten lokal pathogenen Leptospira-Stämme zu studieren. Erwartete Auswirkung. Durch die Verbesserung der Diagnose einer Zoonose bei Mensch und Tier soll LORN die Medizin und die öffentliche Gesundheit in Österreich nachhaltig positiv beeinflussen., Dieses Projekt wird durch das Land Niederösterreich gefördert (WST3-F-5033836/001-2020).

Published
2022
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34. Analyzing Covid-19 Data using SIRD Models

Author

Chakraborty, Abhijit, primary, Chen, Jiaying, additional, Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, additional, Klimek, Peter, additional, Tames, Erwin Flores, additional, Garcia, David, additional, Horstmeyer, Leonhard, additional, Kaleta, Michaela, additional, Lasser, Jana, additional, Reddish, Jenny, additional, Pinior, Beate, additional, Wachs, Johannes, additional, and Turchin, Peter, additional

Published
2020
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35. Urban brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) as possible source of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp., Vienna, Austria, 2016 and 2017 separator commenting unavailable

Author

Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, Ruppitsch, Werner, Lepuschitz, Sarah, Szostak, Michael P., Spergser, Joachim, Feßler, Andrea T., Schwarz, Stefan, Monecke, Stefan, Ehricht, Ralf, and Walzer, Chris [U.V.M.]

Subjects
Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::590 Tiere (Zoologie)::599 Mammalia (Säugetiere), 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten, Rattus norvegicus
Abstract

Background Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are an important wildlife species in cities, where they live in close proximity to humans. However, few studies have investigated their role as reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Aim We intended to determine whether urban rats at two highly frequented sites in Vienna, Austria, carry extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and meticillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus spp. (MRS). Methods We surveyed the presence of antimicrobial resistance in 62 urban brown rats captured in 2016 and 2017 in Vienna, Austria. Intestinal and nasopharyngeal samples were cultured on selective media. We characterised the isolates and their antimicrobial properties using microbiological and genetic methods including disk diffusion, microarray analysis, sequencing, and detection and characterisation of plasmids. Results Eight multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and two extensively drug-resistant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases-1 (NDM-1)-producing Enterobacter xiangfangensis ST114 (En. cloacae complex) were isolated from nine of 62 rats. Nine Enterobacteriaceae isolates harboured the blaCTX-M gene and one carried a plasmid-encoded ampC gene (blaCMY-2). Forty-four MRS were isolated from 37 rats; they belonged to seven different staphylococcal species: S. fleurettii, S. sciuri, S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus (all mecA-positive) and mecC-positive S. xylosus. Conclusion Our findings suggest that brown rats in cities are a potential source of multidrug-resistant bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant En. xiangfangensis ST114. Considering the increasing worldwide urbanisation, rodent control remains an important priority for health in modern cities.

Published
2019

36. Urban brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) as possible source of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp., Vienna, Austria, 2016 and 2017

Author

Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, primary, Ruppitsch, Werner, additional, Lepuschitz, Sarah, additional, Szostak, Michael P, additional, Spergser, Joachim, additional, Feßler, Andrea T, additional, Schwarz, Stefan, additional, Monecke, Stefan, additional, Ehricht, Ralf, additional, Walzer, Chris, additional, and Loncaric, Igor, additional

Published
2019
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37. Characterization of mecC gene-carrying coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. isolated from various animals

Author

Loncaric, Igor, primary, Kübber-Heiss, Anna, additional, Posautz, Annika, additional, Ruppitsch, Werner, additional, Lepuschitz, Sarah, additional, Schauer, Bernhard, additional, Feßler, Andrea T., additional, Krametter-Frötscher, Reinhild, additional, Harrison, Ewan M., additional, Holmes, Mark A., additional, Künzel, Frank, additional, Szostak, Michael P., additional, Hauschild, Tomasz, additional, Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, additional, Misic, Dusan, additional, Rosengarten, Renate, additional, Walzer, Chris, additional, Slickers, Peter, additional, Monecke, Stefan, additional, Ehricht, Ralf, additional, Schwarz, Stefan, additional, and Spergser, Joachim, additional

Published
2019
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38. Population genetics, community of parasites, and resistance to rodenticides in an urban brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) population

Author

Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, Pascal, Michel, Gasqui, Patrick, Cosson, Jean-Francois, Benoit, Etienne, Lattard, Virginie, Crespin, Laurent, Lorvelec, Olivier, Pisanu, Benoît, Teynie, Alexandre, Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel, Bonnet, Sarah, Marianneau, Philippe, Lacôte, Sandra, Bourhy, Pascale, Berny, Philippe, Pavio, Nicole, Le Poder, Sophie, Gilot-Fromont, Emmanuelle, Jourdain, Elsa, Hammed, Abdessalem, Fourel, Isabelle, Chikh, Farid, Vourc'h, Gwenaël, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Rongeurs Sauvages, Risques Sanitaires et Gestion des Populations - UR 1233 (RS2GP), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Unité Virologie, Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose - National Reference Center Leptospirosis (CNR), Biologie des Spirochètes / Biology of Spirochetes, Interactions Cellules Environnement - UR (ICE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Départemental Hauts-de-Seine, Conseil Départmental des Hauts-de-Seine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA Grant), ANR-09-CESA-0008,RODENT,Impacts des rodenticides anticoagulants sur les écosystèmes - adaptation des populations de rongeurs cibles et effets sur leurs prédateurs(2009), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Virologie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] ( Vetmeduni ), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes ( ESE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Épidémiologie des maladies animales et zoonotiques ( UMR EPIA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques ( BIPAR ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort-AFSSA-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Rongeurs Sauvages – Risques Sanitaires et Gestion des Populations, INRA, VetAgro Sup ( USC1233/RS2GP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), UMS 2006 Patrimoine Naturel, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Agence française pour la biodiversité, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail ( ANSES Maisons-Alfort ), Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose-Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose-Biologie des Spirochètes, Virologie UMR1161 ( VIRO ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort-ANSES, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-09-CESA-0008,RODENT,Impacts des rodenticides anticoagulants sur les écosystèmes - adaptation des populations de rongeurs cibles et effets sur leurs prédateurs ( 2009 ), Épidémiologie des Maladies Animales et Zoonotiques - UMR 346 (EPIA), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé

Subjects
analyse de données, 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, milieu urbain, Brown rat, Population genetics, Drug Resistance, lcsh:Medicine, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Polymerase Chain Reaction, détection moléculaire, Gene flow, Medicine and Health Sciences, caractérisation morphologique, Rodenticide, Immunogenetic Phenomena, lcsh:Science, Mammals, Leptospira, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, biology, Geography, Biodiversity, Animal Models, Bacterial Pathogens, [ SDV.GEN.GPO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Experimental Organism Systems, Medical Microbiology, parasite, Vertebrates, France, résistance génétique, Pathogens, Bartonella, Autre (Sciences du Vivant), Research Article, Microsatellite loci, Trypanosoma, Genotype, Genetic loci, Population, rattus norvegicus, Research and Analysis Methods, Rodents, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, Gene Types, Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases, Helminths, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Genetics, Animals, Parasites, education, Molecular Biology Techniques, Microbial Pathogens, Molecular Biology, Genetic diversity, Evolutionary Biology, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Population Biology, Bacteria, anticoagulant, lcsh:R, Urban Health, Organisms, Genetic Variation, Rodenticides, Biology and Life Sciences, [ SDV.GEN.GA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, biology.organism_classification, Invertebrates, Blood Cell Count, Rats, Medical risk factors, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Genetics, Population, Amniotes, [ SDV.BA.ZV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, paramètre hématologique, lcsh:Q, Species richness, Biomarkers, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

International audience; Brown rats are one of the most widespread urban species worldwide. Despite the nuisances they induce and their potential role as a zoonotic reservoir, knowledge on urban rat populations remains scarce. The main purpose of this study was to characterize an urban brown rat population from Chanteraines park (Hauts-de-Seine, France), with regards to haematology, population genetics, immunogenic diversity, resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides, and community of parasites. Haematological parameters were measured. Population genetics was investigated using 13 unlinked microsatellite loci. Immunogenic diversity was assessed for Mhc-Drb. Frequency of the Y139F mutation (conferring resistance to rodenticides) and two linked microsatellites were studied, concurrently with the presence of anticoagulant residues in the liver. Combination of microscopy and molecular methods were used to investigate the occurrence of 25 parasites. Statistical approaches were used to explore multiple parasite relationships and model parasite occurrence. Eighty-six rats were caught. The first haematological data for a wild urban R. norvegicus population was reported. Genetic results suggested high genetic diversity and connectivity between Chanteraines rats and surrounding population(s). We found a high prevalence (55.8%) of the mutation Y139F and presence of rodenticide residues in 47.7% of the sampled individuals. The parasite species richness was high (16). Seven potential zoonotic pathogens were identified, together with a surprisingly high diversity of Leptospira species (4). Chanteraines rat population is not closed, allowing gene flow and making eradication programs challenging, particularly because rodenticide resistance is highly prevalent. Parasitological results showed that co-infection is more a rule than an exception. Furthermore, the presence of several potential zoonotic pathogens, of which four Leptospira species, in this urban rat population raised its role in the maintenance and spread of these pathogens. Our findings should stimulate future discussions about the development of a long-term rat-control management program in Chanteraines urban park.

Published
2017
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40. High-risk regions and outbreak modelling of tularemia in humans

Author

Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, Liu, X., Hjertqvist, M., Sjöstedt, A., Johansson, A., Ryden, Patrik, Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, Liu, X., Hjertqvist, M., Sjöstedt, A., Johansson, A., and Ryden, Patrik

Abstract

Sweden reports large and variable numbers of human tularemia cases, but the high-risk regions are anecdotally defined and factors explaining annual variations are poorly understood. Here, high-risk regions were identified by spatial cluster analysis on disease surveillance data for 1984-2012. Negative binomial regression with five previously validated predictors (including predicted mosquito abundance and predictors based on local weather data) was used to model the annual number of tularemia cases within the high-risk regions. Seven high-risk regions were identified with annual incidences of 3.8-44 cases/100 000 inhabitants, accounting for 56.4% of the tularemia cases but only 9.3% of Sweden's population. For all high-risk regions, most cases occurred between July and September. The regression models explained the annual variation of tularemia cases within most high-risk regions and discriminated between years with and without outbreaks. In conclusion, tularemia in Sweden is concentrated in a few high-risk regions and shows high annual and seasonal variations. We present reproducible methods for identifying tularemia high-risk regions and modelling tularemia cases within these regions. The results may help health authorities to target populations at risk and lay the foundation for developing an early warning system for outbreaks.

Published
2017
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41. Population genetics, community of parasites, and resistance to rodenticides in an urban brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) population.

Author

Desvars-Larrive A, Pascal M, Gasqui P, Cosson JF, Benoît E, Lattard V, Crespin L, Lorvelec O, Pisanu B, Teynié A, Vayssier-Taussat M, Bonnet S, Marianneau P, Lacôte S, Bourhy P, Berny P, Pavio N, Le Poder S, Gilot-Fromont E, Jourdain E, Hammed A, Fourel I, Chikh F, and Vourc'h G

Subjects
Animals, Biodiversity, Biomarkers, Blood Cell Count, France, Genetic Variation, Genotype, Geography, Immunogenetic Phenomena, Microsatellite Repeats, Rats, Urban Health, Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases genetics, Drug Resistance, Genetics, Population, Parasites classification, Parasites genetics, Rodenticides pharmacology
Abstract

Brown rats are one of the most widespread urban species worldwide. Despite the nuisances they induce and their potential role as a zoonotic reservoir, knowledge on urban rat populations remains scarce. The main purpose of this study was to characterize an urban brown rat population from Chanteraines park (Hauts-de-Seine, France), with regards to haematology, population genetics, immunogenic diversity, resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides, and community of parasites. Haematological parameters were measured. Population genetics was investigated using 13 unlinked microsatellite loci. Immunogenic diversity was assessed for Mhc-Drb. Frequency of the Y139F mutation (conferring resistance to rodenticides) and two linked microsatellites were studied, concurrently with the presence of anticoagulant residues in the liver. Combination of microscopy and molecular methods were used to investigate the occurrence of 25 parasites. Statistical approaches were used to explore multiple parasite relationships and model parasite occurrence. Eighty-six rats were caught. The first haematological data for a wild urban R. norvegicus population was reported. Genetic results suggested high genetic diversity and connectivity between Chanteraines rats and surrounding population(s). We found a high prevalence (55.8%) of the mutation Y139F and presence of rodenticide residues in 47.7% of the sampled individuals. The parasite species richness was high (16). Seven potential zoonotic pathogens were identified, together with a surprisingly high diversity of Leptospira species (4). Chanteraines rat population is not closed, allowing gene flow and making eradication programs challenging, particularly because rodenticide resistance is highly prevalent. Parasitological results showed that co-infection is more a rule than an exception. Furthermore, the presence of several potential zoonotic pathogens, of which four Leptospira species, in this urban rat population raised its role in the maintenance and spread of these pathogens. Our findings should stimulate future discussions about the development of a long-term rat-control management program in Chanteraines urban park.

Published
2017
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