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This study aims (1) to investigate the perceived risks (i.e. safety, crime, and social risks) associated with the crowd crush accident, (2) to examine the effects of perceived risks, destination attractiveness, and perceived image of a film destination on anticipated emotions and intentions to visit, and (3) to explore another motivator/barrier of visitor behaviour. The data was collected from 921 respondents who were South Korean residents and were aware of the incident. The close-ended questions from the data collection were analyzed by conducting a quantitative analysis. The results indicated that all dimensions of perceived risks affect negative anticipated emotion, and social risk is also negatively related to positive anticipated emotion. It also revealed that destination attractiveness and the perceived image of a film destination affect positive anticipated emotion, and the perceived image is also negatively related to negative anticipated emotion. In addition, the causal effects of positive/negative anticipated emotions on intentions to visit were identified. Moreover, the study conducted a qualitative analysis to analyze the data collected using open-ended questions. The content analysis showed that factors such as unique restaurants, perceived crowding, reviving the local economy, and nostalgia are associated with intentions to visit Itaewon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National parks are increasingly recognized as attractive nature-based tourism destinations, playing an important role in tourism development in Vietnam. The study investigates the relationships between nature-based destination attractiveness, tourists' satisfaction, perceived risk, and their revisit intention for Bach Ma National Park, central Vietnam, particularly in the context of COVID-19. Data were randomly collected from 308 domestic visitors who visited the park from December 2020 to May 2021, and structural equation modeling was performed to examine the relationships. The results of this study show that all six attributes of Bach Ma National Park, including natural, social, and cultural attractions, infrastructure, accessibility, prices, and services, had a significant positive effect on tourist satisfaction. Vietnamese tourists' perceived risk associated with the pandemic had a significant negative impact on their satisfaction and a positive effect on their revisit intention. The findings from this study make a significant contribution to nature-based tourism literature, particularly towards effective marketing and management of national park-based tourism destination in Vietnam, notably with domestic tourists and in times of shocks such as COVID-19. Plain language summary: Purpose: This study aims at exploring the relationships between nature-based destination attractiveness, tourists' satisfaction, perceived risk, and their revisit intention for Bach Ma National Park, central Vietnam, particularly in the context of COVID-19. Methods: Data were randomly collected from 308 domestic visitors who visited the park from December 2020 to May 2021, and structural equation modeling was performed to examine the relationships. Conclusions: The results of this study show that all six attributes of Bach Ma National Park, including natural, social, and cultural attractions, infrastructure, accessibility, prices, and services, had a significant positive effect on tourist satisfaction. Vietnamese tourists' perceived risk associated with the pandemic had a significant negative impact on their satisfaction and a positive effect on their revisit intention. Implications: The findings from this study make a significant contribution to nature-based tourism literature, particularly towards effective marketing and management of national park-based tourism destinations in Vietnam, notably with domestic tourists and in times of shocks such as COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the impact of food consumption values on the attractiveness of tourist destinations and revisit intentions of domestic tourists visiting a culinary destination in Indonesia. The survey data was collected from 462 Indonesian visitors who visited three gastronomic regions of Central Java (Jogjakarta, Solo, and Semarang). Partial Least-Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed to examine the relationship amongst the constructs. The results indicate that consumer's perceived consumption value has a significant effect on destination attractiveness and revisit intention. Moreover, the attractiveness of tourism destination has a direct and significant influence on revisit intention. The findings confirm the potential role of food in tourism as a development tool to promote a destination and to enhance tourists when visiting the destination. This study suggests the need of destination stakeholders to contribute to the development of local regions by promoting their food and destination uniqueness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The objective of the study is to assess and compare tourists' perceptions of destination quality attractiveness and their quality of experience, satisfaction and behavioural intentions at two diverse tourism destinations (Katowice, an urban destination and Ustroń, a health resort). Method. The diagnostic survey method as well as a questionnaire were used to collect the data. A total of 400 tourists were surveyed, 200 in Katowice and 200 in Ustroń. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Findings. Higher ratings were observed in Ustroń (a health resort) than in Katowice (an urban destination) for all but one of the studied indicators. The only indicator in which Katowice scored higher than Ustroń was the destination's variety of attractions and facilities. Statistically significant differences between the two destinations were found for all indicators studied except for two: tourist satisfaction and behavioural intentions. Research and conclusion limitations. The study was cross-sectional and only two diverse destinations were examined. Future longitudinal replication studies are needed for other types of tourism destinations. Practical implications. The research results may be useful in developing strategies for improving destination attractiveness and competitiveness. Originality. This is the first study in which two tourism destinations with different characteristics are compared in order to establish whether the type of destination may determine tourists' perceptions of destination attractiveness, in terms of destination quality, as well as tourists' perceptions regarding the quality of their experience, satisfaction and behavioural intentions. As such, the study contributes to extending knowledge on perceived destination attractiveness. Type of paper. An article presenting the results of empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Destination attractiveness influences tourists' destination choices and may be the most important determinant to visit or revisit a destination. This paper points out four approaches to destination attractiveness and deals with the most common one, the perceptive concept. Since perceived destination attractiveness is affected by familiarity with the destination, the paper focuses on the domestic tourism market. Bearing in mind the heterogeneity of domestic visitors, it focuses on young generations presenting a long-term perspective market. The aim of this study is to assess the perceived domestic destination attractiveness among GenY and GenZ and determine if there is a correlation between overall perceived destination attractiveness and the target market based on belonging to a specific generation. Research methods, combining sociological questioning through questionnaires, indicator of destination attractiveness ratio – DAR (originally designed by authors), importance-performance analysis (IPA), and expert panel were used. The results show that Slovakia and Czechia are attractive to young locals. Differences occur when comparing the perception of destination attractiveness by individual generations. The perceived attractiveness cannot, therefore, be examined on the example of heterogeneous visitors, as it has been common in the scientific literature until now; homogeneity of the target market is imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify and assess the main food products that can influence culinary tourism branding in Poland. Moreover, the purpose of the research is to explore familiarity with Poland’s cuisine, first associations with Poland and its brand, attractiveness of Polish cuisine and identifying interest in culinary tourism overall. Most importantly, the survey indicates if visitors are interested in visiting Poland for the primary purpose of experiencing Poland’s gastronomic tourism options. Design/methodology/approach: To further understand and support secondary research regarding the topic of culinary tourism, a survey was launched on google forms and posted to several mediums to collect responses. These channels include AmazonMTurk, Facebook, and personal networking. In order to gain insight into Poland’s attractiveness as a gastronomic tourism destination, survey results were collected from 123 individuals. These individuals were from various different foreign countries, the majority from the United States of America. Findings: The survey begins with assessing and exploring associations with culture and cuisine, cuisine and the creation of memorable experiences, intentions to seek out culinary experiences and motivations for culinary tourism. Americans would be highly interested in visiting Poland because of variety of Polish cuisine. The most important flagship products were pierogi and kiełbasa. They are perceived as typical Polish food offer, that could also be an introduction to vast majority of other Polish authentic, tasty culinary achievements and rich gastronomic heritage. This kind of content should be included to tourism strategy on national level, to increase competitive advantage of Poland as tourist destination. According to research results, it would be even better to develop a culinary tourism strategy that would present content to people on the 25-55 age, with a promise of offering memorable culinary tourism experiences presented in attractive digital form. Special emphasize should be given to promotion of Wine, Beer and other alcoholic beverages. Intentional tourist know that tourist form from Spain, Italy, France or Czechia, but Polish growing wine market, very attractive craft beer market or mature spirits market could be an interesting surprise for demanding culinary tourists. Research limitations/implications: The population sample was limited to 123 responses. Moreover, this study does not take into account the potential and very serious negative effects of tourism on a destination. The research was carried out before the war in Ukraine. This aspect should be taken under consideration in the future research on branding of Poland. Practical and social implications: Recommendations are made for Poland’s tourism strategy based on the literature review and results of the research and can be helpful in implementing a culinary tourism strategy in the future. The theoretical and practical application of the research can be used to help Poland in developing a culinary tourism strategy and further understanding of culinary tourists and their motivations to visit Poland as a destination. Originality/value: This research adds value to Poland’s tourism strategy and emphasizes the impact of culinary tourism on Poland’s brand and image. The research results help to define Polish food flagship products to increase popularity of Poland among gastronomic tourists. Recommendations show activities, recommended by respondents, helping to increase the attractiveness of Polish gastronomic tourism based on both food and beverages heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serbia has a long tradition in the development of spa tourism, which is mainly intended for domestic tourists. As a result of current trends in tourism, especially changes in tourist demand, destinations are also changing. For many countries, the development of wellness tourism is an important way to create a competitive advantage. The paper presents the study of attractiveness characteristics of spa resorts in Serbia and then ranks the spa resorts according to these factors. The model used in the research consists of 24 factors (grouped into 6 groups) that influence the attractiveness of spas as spa and wellness tourism destinations. The research included twenty spas and the survey was conducted among experts in the field of tourism. The most important factors influencing the attractiveness of spas as spa and wellness tourism destinations are: The attractiveness of the range of health and wellness treatments offered in spas (0.349), the natural conditions and relaxing atmosphere of spas (0.206) and price competitiveness (0.172).

Globalization has accelerated competition and exposed regions, localities, and firms and forced them to adapt to changing economic circumstances and conditions. More recently, researchers have become more interested in food as an essential element of Local Economic Development (LED). Even though LED has previously been focused on increasing production in industries such as mining, agriculture, manufacturing, etc., food tourism has been identified as a niche economic driver. A sample of 149 respondents made up of 82 women and 67 men were randomly selected for the study. Frequency analyses were used to present the sample and dimensions in focus. Significant differences were tested using independent sample t-tests and ANOVA. The results show that eating food is not just what we enjoy but it is a medium of cultural exchange and experience. The use of food tourism LED is based on its role in driving the destinations' competitiveness. For domestic and international tourists, the presence and availability of food fulfill a cultural and emotional gap. Food builds stronger bonds between people and countries and offers an important setting to enhance investment and trade ties. Food has a multiplier effect, which adds value to the local economy by rejuvenating the economic fortunes of the local economy. Food as a tool for economic development presents a fascinating idea about identity, everyday life, and pleasure since it bears a symbolic meaning which determines the destination’s attributes and the overall distinct attractiveness. Therefore, certain spaces and assets for tourism development are required as preconditions for successful tourism-LED development. The paper concludes that food tourism has accelerated the growth of investment in events, conferences, and meetings in Durban. However, more scholarly and rigorous research is needed to untangle questions about local economic development and the consumption of local food.

Abstract Social media has recently played a highly impactful role in communication. Specifically, these channels are vital and have a substantial influence on the attitudes, behavioural intentions, and actual behaviour of tourists. Previous research showed clearly that there is an increasing number of individuals who rely heavily on social media platforms for gathering information and gaining knowledge about various issues. The current research tries to show the impact of these platforms on citizens’—as individuals—attitudes and behaviours to support tourism activities. Specifically, the current study examines three research objectives: (1) The impact of social media marketing activities on pro-tourism behaviours. (2) The impact of social media marketing activities on both destination attractiveness and attitude towards the positive impacts of tourism. (3) The mediation role of destination attractiveness and attitude towards the positive impacts of tourism in the relationships between social media marketing activities and pro-tourism behaviours. We adapted the theory of uses and gratifications and the stimulus-organism-response framework in the current research, where social media marketing drives pro-tourism behaviours indirectly through both destination attractiveness and attitude towards the positive impacts of tourism. A survey of 200 Albaha residents was conducted. We have used AMOS to check the constructs’ validity and reliability and Hayes’s PROCESS macro to test the mediation. The findings show that (1) Social media marketing activities help in explaining why city citizens positively behave towards tourism activities in their city; (2) Sequentially both destination attractiveness and attitude towards the positive impacts of tourism partially mediate the relationships between social media marketing and pro-tourism behaviours. The current study contributes to the existing research through the elucidation of why residents behave to support tourism in their countries by using social media marketing activities. In addition, it adds a number of professional insights. For example, the admins of destination social media platforms should increase their efforts towards providing presence, conversation, interactivity, and sharing on these platforms.

As remote work goes from trend to mainstream, digital nomads are on the rise, becoming a market every destination needs to attract. Considering the needs and wants of digital nomads, this paper aims to investigate the strengths and the opportunities of Greece, as an ideal destination for digital nomads, underlining, at the same time, the opportunities and threats challenging the country’s attractiveness towards this market segment. Furthermore, the authors analyze the content of website “Work From Greece: Become Digital Nomad in Greece”, the official Greek website dedicated to digital nomads in order to define Greece’s online presence, within this digital global community. In addition, co-working spaces in Greece are explored as an advanced form of hospitality favorable to digital nomads. The research methodology employed to draw conclusions combines a SWOT analysis and content analysis for websites of tourism businesses and organizations, as has been developed in previous research. The findings of this study reflect the current situation, providing academic and managerial implications when it comes to further research and recommendations for tourism policy and destination planning.

In hill-bound nature-based tourism, the popularity of Homestays has been growing very fast in the hilly regions of India, and the same has been witnessed in the two hilly districts of West Bengal Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Sikkim, too. This present study attempted to investigate the competitive tourist-pulling capability of homestay- based tourist destinations from the perspective of destination-attractiveness-based tourist preference. In this study, the extent of the homestay site's attraction diversity was measured by the Attraction Diversity Index (ADI), followed by the use of the multi-criteria decision- making tool, TOPSIS, to assess the relative competitive position of these destinations based on diverse attractions and homestay performance. Finally, a paired sample t-test was applied to identify any difference in tourist preferences among these destinations. Interestingly, the findings of high attraction diversity for Sikkim relative to West Bengal seemed to be its tourists' footfall-builder and reflected through a tight neck-to-neck competition in TOPSIS score with marginal differences. The paired t-test confirmed the presence of a significant statistical difference in tourists' preference for these homestay destinations. However, Darjeeling is found to be marginally ahead of others but experiencing fierce competition, indicating a serious concern for tourism policy-makers to give an edge over their rivals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of tourism potential allows delimiting the attractiveness of tourism destinations, constituting the basis for the design of tourism products and experiences. To date, several studies have been conducted to measure destination attractiveness from a synthetic approach. However, there are still drawbacks to be overcome, such as the non-standardization of data and the modeling of static determinants, which presupposes a disadvantage when facing new research schemes immersed in big data. The present research aims to develop a generalized model for assessing destination attractiveness and standardizing the quantification of tourism potential, through the development of a flexible, standardized and bounded synthetic index, which will be useful for tourism agents, tourism planning and decision making. An application of the proposed model was carried out in the historic center of Santiago de Cuba concluding that this destination has a high tourism potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses survey responses from 321 Indonesian tourists to examine the connection between cultural contact, destination attractiveness, visitor satisfaction, and the likelihood of a revisit intention to Himpang Lime Habang in the South Bangka regency of the Bangka Belitung province, Indonesia. Two significant findings from this investigation were obtained using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling methods. The first finding is the correlation between satisfaction and the likelihood of future visits. Furthermore, a visitor's desire to return is unaffected by the attractiveness of a destination or the amount of cultural contact they have. Even though exposure to local culture and a destination's natural beauty can considerably enhance a visitor's experience, they have little bearing on whether or not someone will return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization has accelerated competition and exposed regions, localities, and firms and forced them to adapt to changing economic circumstances and conditions. More recently, researchers have become more interested in food as an essential element of Local Economic Development (LED). Even though LED has previously been focused on increasing production in industries such as mining, agriculture, manufacturing, etc., food tourism has been identified as a niche economic driver. A sample of 149 respondents made up of 82 women and 67 men were randomly selected for the study. Frequency analyses were used to present the sample and dimensions in focus. Significant differences were tested using independent sample t-tests and ANOVA. The results show that eating food is not just what we enjoy but it is a medium of cultural exchange and experience. The use of food tourism LED is based on its role in driving the destinations' competitiveness. For domestic and international tourists, the presence and availability of food fulfill a cultural and emotional gap. Food builds stronger bonds between people and countries and offers an important setting to enhance investment and trade ties. Food has a multiplier effect, which adds value to the local economy by rejuvenating the economic fortunes of the local economy. Food as a tool for economic development presents a fascinating idea about identity, everyday life, and pleasure since it bears a symbolic meaning which determines the destination's attributes and the overall distinct attractiveness. Therefore, certain spaces and assets for tourism development are required as preconditions for successful tourism-LED development. The paper concludes that food tourism has accelerated the growth of investment in events, conferences, and meetings in Durban. However, more scholarly and rigorous research is needed to untangle questions about local economic development and the consumption of local food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media has recently played a highly impactful role in communication. Specifically, these channels are vital and have a substantial influence on the attitudes, behavioural intentions, and actual behaviour of tourists. Previous research showed clearly that there is an increasing number of individuals who rely heavily on social media platforms for gathering information and gaining knowledge about various issues. The current research tries to show the impact of these platforms on citizens'—as individuals—attitudes and behaviours to support tourism activities. Specifically, the current study examines three research objectives: (1) The impact of social media marketing activities on pro-tourism behaviours. (2) The impact of social media marketing activities on both destination attractiveness and attitude towards the positive impacts of tourism. (3) The mediation role of destination attractiveness and attitude towards the positive impacts of tourism in the relationships between social media marketing activities and pro-tourism behaviours. We adapted the theory of uses and gratifications and the stimulus-organism-response framework in the current research, where social media marketing drives pro-tourism behaviours indirectly through both destination attractiveness and attitude towards the positive impacts of tourism. A survey of 200 Albaha residents was conducted. We have used AMOS to check the constructs' validity and reliability and Hayes's PROCESS macro to test the mediation. The findings show that (1) Social media marketing activities help in explaining why city citizens positively behave towards tourism activities in their city; (2) Sequentially both destination attractiveness and attitude towards the positive impacts of tourism partially mediate the relationships between social media marketing and pro-tourism behaviours. The current study contributes to the existing research through the elucidation of why residents behave to support tourism in their countries by using social media marketing activities. In addition, it adds a number of professional insights. For example, the admins of destination social media platforms should increase their efforts towards providing presence, conversation, interactivity, and sharing on these platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As remote work goes from trend to mainstream, digital nomads are on the rise, becoming a market every destination needs to attract. Considering the needs and wants of digital nomads, this paper aims to investigate the strengths and the opportunities of Greece, as an ideal destination for digital nomads, underlining, at the same time, the opportunities and threats challenging the country's attractiveness towards this market segment. Furthermore, the authors analyze the content of website "Work From Greece: Become Digital Nomad in Greece", the official Greek website dedicated to digital nomads in order to define Greece's online presence, within this digital global community. In addition, co-working spaces in Greece are explored as an advanced form of hospitality favorable to digital nomads. The research methodology employed to draw conclusions combines a SWOT analysis and content analysis for websites of tourism businesses and organizations, as has been developed in previous research. The findings of this study reflect the current situation, providing academic and managerial implications when it comes to further research and recommendations for tourism policy and destination planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to empirically explore the relationship between destination attractiveness and tourists' environmentally responsible behavior (TERB), as based on self-regulated attitude theory. In this paper, we have divided destination attractiveness into two aspects: the attractiveness of a facility's services, and that of the sightseeing experience, so as to build a structural equation model with mediation analysis. For our research, we selected Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan as the site of our case study, and we conducted a survey using a questionnaire. We then analyzed the path using a structural equation model. Our results show: (1) two elements of destination attractiveness have significantly positive effects on TERB; and (2) place attachment exerts a mediating effect among the attractiveness of the facility's services, that of the sightseeing experience, and TERB. Therefore, enhancing destination attractiveness and tourists' emotional attachments to locations could help to promote the implementation of TERB and the achievement of sustainable tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism industry is one element that helps with the economy's and country's sustainable and continuous growth. The study on the factors that lead to the perception of the tourist destinations' values will affect tourists' behavioral intention and, therefore, is a study that can act as a guideline in developing strategies for relevant organizations. This study focused on the influence of destination attractiveness, servicescape, place attachment, destination image, destination experience that affect the perception of the destinations' values, and the behavioral intentions of the tourists visiting Laos. Laos is a country with outstanding tourism resources and still needs industrial development for more significant growth. The study was done through quantitative research, collecting online questionnaires from foreign tourists who had visited Laos. The hypothesis was then later tested using the structural equation model. The research results showed that five factors positively influenced the destination perceived value and the tourists' behavioral intention. The behavioral intention model of the tourists in Laos can help as a guideline in determining strategies in tourism work for both the government and private sector for sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) travel hosts play a key role in influencing the trip characteristics of their VFR travel parties and the decisions and activities within those travel parties. However, how those trips are shaped in terms of travel decisions and activities is not well understood. This is the first quantitative study examining the hosting of VFRs by examining how migration, relationship type (VF versus VR), and destination type impact the characteristics and activities of VFR travel parties. The objective was to examine the extent of influence of different characteristics of VFR hosts on individual VFR travel decisions and activities. Estimation models were developed and tested through regression analysis to examine the impact that the characteristics of hosts have on decisions and activities within VFR travel. Such findings have provided a systematic framework for examining the multifaceted role of VFR hosts. The generalisability of the estimation models developed and tested in this study can be replicated and adapted in future studies.

The purpose of this article is to explore the perceived impacts of COVID-19 in participating in academic events, relating the attractiveness of destinations and tourist opportunities as pull factors. Remote communication technologies have also been put into perspective to understand how they can influence future participation in events. A partial least squares (PLS) was used to test both research model and hypotheses. This study supports that COVID-19 has profoundly affected participation in events and has an impact on the attractiveness of the destination and tourist opportunities. During the pandemic context, remote communication technologies have replaced physical presence at events and are expected to continue to be present in future events. However, it is anticipated that technology will not permanently replace physical presence at events, due to the social character it represents. Also, destination attractiveness and tourist opportunities will be important in the decision to participate in physical events. This article addresses the current topic of COVID-19 and the impact on the future of physical events and gives some indicators that may contribute to a better planning of destinations in the recovery of this sector, namely by enhancing the tourist attractiveness of destinations as pull factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyze whether sustainability influences the loyalty to island-based tourism destinations. A sample of tourists who have visited Santa Teresa di Gallura (Sardinia, Italy) was surveyed to evaluate if the destination is meeting their demand for sustainable practices, and whether sustainability affects their intention to revisit the destination in the medium term. For the purposes of the study, an importance–performance analysis and a principal component analysis were performed, followed by an ordered logit model. Findings show that environmental preservation is one of the key features to be addressed. Results also show that sustainability affects tourists' loyalty to the destination. Contributions to the actual body of knowledge and managerial implications are discussed and suggestions for further research are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of Bhubaneswar in the state of Odisha can be dated back to 3rd century B.C. It is the largest city in the state, popularly known as the ‘Temple Town’ or ‘Temple City’ which receives thousands of tourists every year for its attractions. The principle aim of this paper is to find out the factors influencing the destination attractiveness with the help of the perception of tourists in the temple city of Bhubaneswar through their level of satisfaction. Apart from that, the study analyzed that how the key elements of a destination can contribute to its attractiveness which further enhances the destination’s image. The method advised in the paper was questionnaire method where the responses were taken on a five-point Likert scale. A sample of 100 tourists was taken to find out their perception regarding destination attractiveness. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, factor analysis and correlation. From the study it was found out that the core determinants of the attractiveness are the facilities provided in the destination and its support services while the secondary determinants consist of people-related factors. It was also found out that the people related factors and the support services and facilities are complementary to each other when it comes to destination attractiveness.

Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) travel hosts play a key role in influencing the trip characteristics of their VFR travel parties and the decisions and activities within those travel parties. However, how those trips are shaped in terms of travel decisions and activities is not well understood. This is the first quantitative study examining the hosting of VFRs by examining how migration, relationship type (VF versus VR), and destination type impact the characteristics and activities of VFR travel parties. The objective was to examine the extent of influence of different characteristics of VFR hosts on individual VFR travel decisions and activities. Estimation models were developed and tested through regression analysis to examine the impact that the characteristics of hosts have on decisions and activities within VFR travel. Such findings have provided a systematic framework for examining the multifaceted role of VFR hosts. The generalisability of the estimation models developed and tested in this study can be replicated and adapted in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to examine the travel behaviors, travel motivations, and site preferences of Canadian and US mountain bikers to better understand the determinants of destination attractiveness during mountain bike-specific travel. An online questionnaire was distributed through social media of Canadian and US mountain bike clubs to collect data. A total of 1346 responses were collected, however, responses with missing data or from outside of Canada and US were deleted, resulting in a sample of N = 720. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and multiple regression analysis. EFA analysis of the 41 pull items extracted seven pull factors consisting of climate, trail conditions, natural setting, information sources, trail features, tourism infrastructure, and entertainment options. EFA analysis of the 20 push items extracted five push factors comprised of stimulus-avoidance, adventure experiences, novelty, competency-mastery, and social encounters. Multiple regression analysis revealed that push factors were correlated with pull factors, indicating that travel push motives and destination pull factors interact to form a mountain bike tourists' perception of destination attractiveness. The findings offer recommendations for developing and marketing a mountain bike-specific travel destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to explore connective patterns of seven dimensions of tourism consumer well-being, namely environmen-tal altruism, spiritual attunement, inspirational mindfulness, bio-psychological aspect, entrepreneurship, social connectedness, and cultural identity, to induce more tourism growth attractiveness in visiting the digital destination of the My Trip My Adventure (MTMA) Labuan Bajo YouTube platform. The study stems from a postmodern approach where the virtual world and reality are eroded in digital technology development. This study enriches the postmodern perspective by elaborating on seven dimensions of tourism consumer welfare and the 4 V’s of digital technology innovation (volume, variety, velocity, and veracity). This study collected comments, replies, and like expressions on YouTube from October 2016 to October 2019 from MTMA Labuan Bajo. Then, researchers conducted thematic analysis and social network analysis. This research confirms polynomial growth pattern from the seven tourism consumer well-being dimensions. Generally, the pattern goes up from environmental well-being to inspirational mindfulness. Then, it descends to biophys-ical well-being. Due to having exponential growth; tourism needs to be absent temporarily. After that, the growth goes up on social and cultural well-being. The findings can benefit tourism practitioners in orchestrating seven dimensions of tourism consumer well-being as destination orchestrators.

Nature-based tourism attractiveness (NBTA) has yet to be assessed by coupling empirical measurement of supply and demand indicators with simultaneous assessment of tourist and tourism expert perspectives. Based on a guiding principle that the overall attractiveness of a tourism destination should combine the evaluation of existing resources or attractions and their perceived attractiveness, the purpose of this study is to develop and apply a novel methodological approach for assessing tourism attractiveness of nature-based destinations. This approach developed here combines an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method (FCEM). The resulting Fuzzy-AHP approach to NBTA was tested at the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve, a popular nature-based tourism destination in China. The findings confirm that this Fuzzy-AHP approach is a more reliable and comprehensive method for evaluating the destination attractiveness than pre-existing approaches. In addition to theoretical contributions related to the merging of various approaches to assessing destination attractiveness and the development of a tool specific to nature-based tourism destinations, this work will be of interest to decision makers seeking more effective tools for planning, marketing, and developing nature-based tourism destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the causal relationships between destination attractiveness, attitudinal and behavioral loyalty, and environmentally responsible behavior based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model. Four hundred and eighty-six nature-based tourists were collected from Xitou Nature Education Area, Taiwan. Results show that the SOR model can effectively explain nature-based tourists' environmentally responsible behavior generation. Tourists' destination attractiveness would significantly trigger attitudinal and behavioral loyalty, and environmentally responsible behavior. Attitudinal and behavioral loyalty are the essential drivers to generate tourists' environmentally responsible behavior. This study further contributes to the literature exploring destination loyalty as a mediator of environmentally responsible behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the attractiveness of city break trips as a form of urban (cognitive) tourism. The study focuses on the following research questions: What factors influence the popularity of city break trips? Which cities are most often chosen as destinations for short-term holidays? What factors determine the choice of these cities? Which city attractions appeal to city break visitors? How are city breaks organized? These research questions were investigated through desk-based analysis of literaturę on urban tourist destination attractiveness and the determinants of city break trend development as well as an online diagnostic survey which involved 184 respondents actively participating in tourism. The study shows that the main reasons for taking a city break trip is the desire to “escape from everyday life routine”, “sightseeing” and “relaxation”. Cities in Poland were more popular destinations than cities abroad and they were usually reached by train or car. City break visitors most often visited historical sites and looked for off-the-beaten-track places. The main reason for choosing a particular destination was the desire to see something new. Research topic and issues testify to the originality of the selected research area.

This paper conducts a literature review on a topic that is still little explored, which is academic tourism, and explores through empirical research the perspectives of international students who have chosen the city of Porto to undertake Erasmus mobility. The main objective of the study is to better understand the motivations and factors that influence international student's decisions to choose the location where they develop their mobility programs. An online survey was administrated and a total of 122 valid answers were collected. The data were analysed by descriptive and inference statistics. Results show that there are four main factors that influence this segment: quality and prestige of the universities; people's characteristics and hospitality; weather and landscape and being a fashionable destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist satisfaction can provide support in controlling the market and developing tourist destinations in the future. The importance of tourist satisfaction provides an opportunity to study its predictors and consequences. Thus, this study aims to build a comprehensive model to study tourist satisfaction by revealing predictors, namely destination attractiveness and perceived social responsibility of the destination and its consequences, namely the revisit intention and e-WOM. This model will be tested with the PLS-SEM application. This study involved 248 respondents. The collection of research data uses a questionnaire distributed online to respondents. The study results show that destination attractiveness and perceived destination social responsibility can predict tourist satisfaction. Tourist satisfaction has fostered the revisit intention and provide positive e-WOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite travel's potential to transform individuals, literature suggests a lapse in how its attractiveness is portrayed in marketing efforts. Adding to this is the lack of research on destination characteristics that trigger transformations and travellers' perceptions of transformative destinations. Using the Repertory Test with Laddering Analysis, underpinned by Personal Construct Theory, this article proposes that transformative destination attractiveness lies in the meaningfulness of attributes to travellers, rather than in the attributes themselves. This is because, when considering transformations, attractiveness is driven by travellers' perceptions of a destination's enduring impact on them. Findings indicate an alternate destination positioning opportunity as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of Bhubaneswar in the state of Odisha can be dated back to 3rd century B.C. It is the largest city in the state, popularly known as the 'Temple Town' or 'Temple City' which receives thousands of tourists every year for its attractions. The principle aim of this paper is to find out the factors influencing the destination attractiveness with the help of the perception of tourists in the temple city of Bhubaneswar through their level of satisfaction. Apart from that, the study analyzed that how the key elements of a destination can contribute to its attractiveness which further enhances the destination's image. The method advised in the paper was questionnaire method where the responses were taken on a five-point Likert scale. A sample of 100 tourists was taken to find out their perception regarding destination attractiveness. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, factor analysis and correlation. From the study it was found out that the core determinants of the attractiveness are the facilities provided in the destination and its support services while the secondary determinants consist of people-related factors. It was also found out that the people related factors and the support services and facilities are complementary to each other when it comes to destination attractiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the first and only global geopark in Malaysia, Langkawi Island is experiencing an unstable and slow growth of international tourist arrivals. The main objective of the present study is to examine the predicting factors that can enhance the island's destination loyalty by investigating the relationships between destination attractiveness, service quality, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. Data from a total of 365 completed questionnaires were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM-AMOS) in which the research findings supported all hypotheses. Specifically, tourist satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between destination attractiveness, service quality and destination loyalty. This study proposes three recommendations for tourism managers to optimise tourist experience which are quality transportation service, cultural attractiveness and adequate infrastructure to increase international tourists arrivals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nightlife attractiveness plays a significant role in the local economy as it contributes to various sectors such as hospitality, entertainment, and tourism. Millennials and Generation Z (Gen MZ) are the primary leaders of nightlife activities. This study aims to evaluate the nightlife attractiveness of Seoul focusing on Gen MZ all-nighters. Specifically, the nightlife attractiveness is evaluated based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) using smart card data and open data sources from Seoul. Nightlife attractiveness is defined as the number of Gen MZ floating population and their duration of stay, compared to the number of nightlife venues, i.e., bars, clubs, restaurants, karaokes, and cafes. The DEA model and Tobit regression model are used to evaluate the nightlife attractiveness of 161 Dong unit areas in Seoul and explore Gen MZ's preference for hotspots, respectively. The results show that, on average, the attractiveness score is estimated to be 0.87, suggesting a 0.13 increase in outputs to be the most attractive hotspot. Regarding individual preferences, Gen MZ all-nighters residing in rich suburban areas tend to spend their all-night at these hotspots. These findings provide insights into existing hotspots and areas with the potential to become hotspots in the future. • The nightlife attractiveness score of Seoul was estimated to be 0.87, on average. • Areas with a high Gen MZ population and long durations had high attractiveness scores. • Gen MZ, who resides in areas with good transportation, prefer attractive hotspots despite long travel times and distances. • The nightlife score provides insights into both existing hotspots and areas with the potential to become attractive areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research paper is to examine the mediating roles of place attachment and tourist satisfaction on destination attractiveness and loyalty relationship using the phantom approach among foreign tourists visiting Langkawi Island, Malaysia. Tourists from three countries listed in the top 20 international markets visiting Malaysia were chosen as the target population. The survey was conducted at the departure hall of Langkawi International Airport using a simple random sampling method. A total of 365 useful ques-tionnaires were returned and analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings of the study have empirically demonstrated that destination attractiveness had no significant direct influence on destination loyalty. However, the study discovered that tourist satisfaction and place attachment fully mediated the relationship between destination attractiveness and destination loyalty. Destination attractiveness has an indirect effect on destination loyalty. The study also illustrated that the tourist satisfaction factor had a stronger mediator effect than place attachment factor in the destination loyalty relationship model. The study suggested several insightful recommendations to the destination management office in maximizing tourist’s experience with cultural attractiveness and adequate infrastructure, thereby, enhancing the visitation of international tourists to Langkawi Island.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of destination attractiveness and image on visiting intention in Indonesia rural tourism. Data were collected from tourist are visiting rural tourism in Kerinci district, Jambi Province (Indonesia). This study used the three variables important factors to develop tourism destination where one of potential object existed, meanwhile destination image from the tourism influenced their interest to visit. The research finding is the significant impact of destination attractiveness through destination image towards development of visiting intention. A main reason destination attractiveness is one of key factors to attract tourist what they want and need. Secondly, an important to create nature tourism achievement perspective between local people and government. Third, also to increase a public awareness of their effort an environment protecting and preserving it as economic value thru rural tourism.

Destinasyon çekicilikleri, turistlerin destinasyon tercihlerinde ve memnuniyetleri üzerinde oldukça etkilidirler. Ele alınan bu çalışmanın amacı, Akdeniz’in önemli destinasyonları olan Türkiye, İspanya ve Yunanistan özelinde destinasyon çekiciliklerini ortaya koyan çalışmaları belirlemek ve bu çekicilikleri özellikleri bakımından gruplandırarak farklılıklar ve benzerliklerin ortaya konmasını sağlamaktır. Bu bakımdan bu çalışma bir literatür taraması niteliği taşımaktadır. Türkiye’den on, İspanya’dan altı ve Yunanistan’dan üç çalışma incelenmiştir. Çalışmaların incelenmesi neticesinde Türkiye 23, İspanya 22 ve Yunanistan ile ilgili 20 özellik oluşturulmuştur ve özelliklerin (doğa, tutum, hijyen ve temizlik) ülkeler arasında büyük oranda benzerlik gösterdiği görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, karar vericiler ve araştırmacılar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.