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Abay Atnafu,1 Liya Wassie,1 Melaku Tilahun,1,&ast; Selfu Girma,1 Yohannes Zenebe,2 Muluye Abebe Beyene,1 Ashenafi Alemu,1 Emnet Fisseha,1 Haymanot Agze,1 Tigist Desta,1 Kassu Desta,3,&ast; Kidist Bobosha1,&ast; 1Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Abay Atnafu, Tel +251912205822, Email ayatab.ayele7@gmail.comBackground: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), particularly tubercular lymphadenitis (TBLN), remains to pose a huge public health problem in Ethiopia. A significant number of TBLN patients who completed a full course anti-TB treatment regimen were reported to have enlarged lymph nodes and other TB-like clinical presentations. This could either be from a paradoxical reaction or microbiological relapse, possibly due to mono/multi-drug resistance.Objective: To investigate the rate of mono and multidrug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a cause of the observed treatment failures in clinically diagnosed and anti-TB treatment (newly or previously)-initiated LN patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 126 TBLN-suspected and previously treated patients between March and September 2022. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 26.0). Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency, percentage, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. The level of agreement was determined using Cohen’s kappa and a Chi-square test was used to measure the association between risk factors and laboratory test outcomes. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed in 28.6% (N=36) of the 126 cases using BACTE

Kahasit Gebrehiwet,1,2 Endalkchew Biranu,2 Wondatir Nigatu,3 Atsbeha Gebreegziabher,4 Kassu Desta1 1Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2St. Peter’s Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Tuberculosis /HIV Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 4Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Endalkchew Biranu, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel +251-913186148, Email endalkalem16@gmail.com Kassu Desta, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel +251911107099, Email Kassudesta2020@gmail.comBackground: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis are the causes of widely spread infectious disease, especially in resource-limited countries. The extent of HBV infection and its contributing factors among people with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) were not adequately addressed.Objective: To assess the prevalence of HBV, HIV & their associated risk factors and the magnitude of TB among individuals with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis attending at St. Peter’s Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 387 individuals with presumptive PTB from October to December 2020. A standard questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and associated risk factors. Sputum samples were analyzed by GeneXpert, Florescent Microscopy and Ziehl-Nelson staining technique. HBsAg test was carried out using Murex Version 3 ELISA test kit from serum/Plasma samples, HIV testing was performed by rapid HIV test kits and data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.Results: The mean age of study participants was 44.2 years. Overall, 14 (3.6%), 28 (7.2%) and 37 (9.6%) of them were positive for HBV, HIV & TB, respectively. Only single patient was HBV-HIV co-infected (0.3

Yosef Gebretensaie,1,&ast; Abay Atnafu,2,&ast; Selfu Girma,2 Yonas Alemu,3 Kassu Desta1,&ast; 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yosef Gebretensaie, Tel +251913063450, Email yoseftakelove@gmail.comBackground: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) brought a significant and serious health-related problem that may lead to the subsequent development of serious indications with the challenge of the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the choice of antibiotics depends on the accuracy of the diagnostic tool of UTIs to minimize false results that may subject patients to wrong treatments. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteriuria, associated factors, and AMR pattern of UTI-suspected patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2022, at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory (AAML), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Species identification and isolation from bacterial colonies were characterized by gram stain and biochemical properties followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer method on Muller-Hinton agar. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the association between the independent variables and significant bacterial growth to identify factors that affect the prevalence of UTI. A test is considered statistically significant that has a P value less than 0.05.Results: Out of 141 (31.6%) which yielded significant bacteriuria, 16 different species of bacterial uropathogens were identified. A total of 105/446 (91 Gram-negative and 14 Gram-positive) of bacterial growth in the female gender and 36/446 (33 Gram-negative and 3 Gram positiv