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During the last two decades, the water resources planning and management profession has seen a dramatic increase in the development and application of various types of evolutionary algorithms (EAs). This observation is especially true for application of genetic algorithms, arguably the most popular of the several types of EAs. Generally speaking, EAs repeatedly prove to be flexible and powerful tools in solving an array of complex water resources problems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods and their applications in the field of water resources planning and management. A primary goal in this ASCE Task Committee effort is to identify in an organized fashion some of the seminal contributions of EAs in the areas of water distribution systems, urban drainage and sewer systems, water supply and wastewater treatment, hydrologic and fluvial modeling, groundwater systems, and parameter identification. The paper also identifies major challenges and opportunities for the future, including a call to address larger-scale problems that are wrought with uncertainty and an expanded need for cross fertilization and collaboration among our field's subdisciplines. Evolutionary computation will continue to evolve in the future as we encounter increased problem complexities and uncertainty and as the societal pressure for more innovative and efficient solutions rises. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000053 CE Database subject headings: Algorithms; Computation; Water resources; Water management; Planning. Author keywords: Evolutionary algorithm; Evolutionary computation; Genetic algorithm.

The article presents a study on the flow characteristics, flow duration curve (FDC), and trend analysis of Blue Nile River (BNR) basin. It states that the study uses the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite maps, wavelet analysis, and flow duration curve. The results show that the characteristics of the basin depend on the size, land cover, and topography. Moreover, the wavelet analysis of rainfall and flows shows inter- and intra-annual variability.