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2. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies novel loci that influence cupping and the glaucomatous process

Author

Springelkamp, H, Höhn, R, Mishra, A, Hysi, PG, Khor, CC, Loomis, SJ, Bailey, JNC, Gibson, J, Thorleifsson, G, Janssen, SF, Luo, X, Ramdas, WD, Vithana, E, Nongpiur, ME, Montgomery, GW, Xu, L, Mountain, JE, Gharahkhani, P, Lu, Y, Amin, N, Karssen, LC, Sim, KS, Van Leeuwen, EM, Iglesias, AI, Verhoeven, VJM, Hauser, MA, Loon, SC, Despriet, DDG, Nag, A, Venturini, C, Sanfilippo, PG, Schillert, A, Kang, JH, Landers, J, Jonasson, F, Cree, AJ, Van Koolwijk, LME, Rivadeneira, F, Souzeau, E, Jonsson, V, Menon, G, Mitchell, P, Wang, JJ, Rochtchina, E, Attia, J, Scott, R, Holliday, EG, Baird, PN, Xie, J, Inouye, M, Viswanathan, A, Sim, X, Weinreb, RN, De Jong, PTVM, Oostra, BA, Uitterlinden, AG, Hofman, A, Ennis, S, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Burdon, KP, Allingham, RR, Brilliant, MH, Budenz, DL, Christen, WG, Fingert, J, Friedman, DS, Gaasterland, D, Gaasterland, T, Haines, JL, Kraft, P, Lee, RK, Lichter, PR, and Liu, Y

Subjects
genetic structures, sense organs, eye diseases
Abstract

© 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Glaucoma is characterized by irreversible optic nerve degeneration and is the most frequent cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Here, the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium conducts a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR), an important disease-related optic nerve parameter. In 21,094 individuals of European ancestry and 6,784 individuals of Asian ancestry, we identify 10 new loci associated with variation in VCDR. In a separate risk-score analysis of five case-control studies, Caucasians in the highest quintile have a 2.5-fold increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma as compared with those in the lowest quintile. This study has more than doubled the known loci associated with optic disc cupping and will allow greater understanding of mechanisms involved in this common blinding condition.

Published
2014

3. Genome-wide analysis of multi-ancestry cohorts identifies new loci influencing intraocular pressure and susceptibility to glaucoma

Author

Hysi, PG, Cheng, C-Y, Springelkamp, H, Macgregor, S, Bailey, JNC, Wojciechowski, R, Vitart, V, Nag, A, Hewitt, AW, Hohn, R, Venturini, C, Mirshahi, A, Ramdas, WD, Thorleifsson, G, Vithana, E, Khor, C-C, Stefansson, AB, Liao, J, Haines, JL, Amin, N, Wang, YX, Wild, PS, Ozel, AB, Li, JZ, Fleck, BW, Zeller, T, Staffieri, SE, Teo, Y-Y, Cuellar-Partida, G, Luo, X, Allingham, RR, Richards, JE, Senft, A, Karssen, LC, Zheng, Y, Bellenguez, C, Xu, L, Iglesias, AI, Wilson, JF, Kang, JH, van Leeuwen, EM, Jonsson, V, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Despriet, DDG, Ennis, S, Moroi, SE, Martin, NG, Jansonius, NM, Yazar, S, Tai, E-S, Amouyel, P, Kirwan, J, van Koolwijk, LME, Hauser, MA, Jonasson, F, Leo, P, Loomis, SJ, Fogarty, R, Rivadeneira, F, Kearns, L, Lackner, KJ, de Jong, PTVM, Simpson, CL, Pennell, CE, Oostra, BA, Uitterlinden, AG, Saw, S-M, Lotery, AJ, Bailey-Wilson, JE, Hofman, A, Vingerling, JR, Maubaret, C, Pfeiffer, N, Wolfs, RCW, Lemij, HG, Young, TL, Pasquale, LR, Delcourt, C, Spector, TD, Klaver, CCW, Small, KS, Burdon, KP, Stefansson, K, Wong, T-Y, Viswanathan, A, Mackey, DA, Craig, JE, Wiggs, JL, van Duijn, CM, Hammond, CJ, Aung, T, Hysi, PG, Cheng, C-Y, Springelkamp, H, Macgregor, S, Bailey, JNC, Wojciechowski, R, Vitart, V, Nag, A, Hewitt, AW, Hohn, R, Venturini, C, Mirshahi, A, Ramdas, WD, Thorleifsson, G, Vithana, E, Khor, C-C, Stefansson, AB, Liao, J, Haines, JL, Amin, N, Wang, YX, Wild, PS, Ozel, AB, Li, JZ, Fleck, BW, Zeller, T, Staffieri, SE, Teo, Y-Y, Cuellar-Partida, G, Luo, X, Allingham, RR, Richards, JE, Senft, A, Karssen, LC, Zheng, Y, Bellenguez, C, Xu, L, Iglesias, AI, Wilson, JF, Kang, JH, van Leeuwen, EM, Jonsson, V, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Despriet, DDG, Ennis, S, Moroi, SE, Martin, NG, Jansonius, NM, Yazar, S, Tai, E-S, Amouyel, P, Kirwan, J, van Koolwijk, LME, Hauser, MA, Jonasson, F, Leo, P, Loomis, SJ, Fogarty, R, Rivadeneira, F, Kearns, L, Lackner, KJ, de Jong, PTVM, Simpson, CL, Pennell, CE, Oostra, BA, Uitterlinden, AG, Saw, S-M, Lotery, AJ, Bailey-Wilson, JE, Hofman, A, Vingerling, JR, Maubaret, C, Pfeiffer, N, Wolfs, RCW, Lemij, HG, Young, TL, Pasquale, LR, Delcourt, C, Spector, TD, Klaver, CCW, Small, KS, Burdon, KP, Stefansson, K, Wong, T-Y, Viswanathan, A, Mackey, DA, Craig, JE, Wiggs, JL, van Duijn, CM, Hammond, CJ, and Aung, T

Abstract

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor in developing glaucoma, and variability in IOP might herald glaucomatous development or progression. We report the results of a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 18 population cohorts from the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium (IGGC), comprising 35,296 multi-ancestry participants for IOP. We confirm genetic association of known loci for IOP and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and identify four new IOP-associated loci located on chromosome 3q25.31 within the FNDC3B gene (P = 4.19 × 10(-8) for rs6445055), two on chromosome 9 (P = 2.80 × 10(-11) for rs2472493 near ABCA1 and P = 6.39 × 10(-11) for rs8176693 within ABO) and one on chromosome 11p11.2 (best P = 1.04 × 10(-11) for rs747782). Separate meta-analyses of 4 independent POAG cohorts, totaling 4,284 cases and 95,560 controls, showed that 3 of these loci for IOP were also associated with POAG.

Published
2014

4. Large scale international replication and meta-analysis study confirms association of the 15q14 locus with myopia. The CREAM consortium

Author

Verhoeven, VJM, Hysi, PG, Saw, S-M, Vitart, V, Mirshahi, A, Guggenheim, JA, Cotch, MF, Yamashiro, K, Baird, PN, Mackey, DA, Wojciechowski, R, Ikram, MK, Hewitt, AW, Duggal, P, Janmahasatian, S, Khor, C-C, Fan, Q, Zhou, X, Young, TL, Tai, E-S, Goh, L-K, Li, Y-J, Aung, T, Vithana, E, Teo, Y-Y, Tay, W, Sim, X, Rudan, I, Hayward, C, Wright, AF, Polasek, O, Campbell, H, Wilson, JF, Fleck, BW, Nakata, I, Yoshimura, N, Yamada, R, Matsuda, F, Ohno-Matsui, K, Nag, A, McMahon, G, St Pourcain, B, Lu, Y, Rahi, JS, Cumberland, PM, Bhattacharya, S, Simpson, CL, Atwood, LD, Li, X, Raffel, LJ, Murgia, F, Portas, L, Despriet, DDG, van Koolwijk, LME, Wolfram, C, Lackner, KJ, Toenjes, A, Maegi, R, Lehtimaki, T, Kahonen, M, Esko, T, Metspalu, A, Rantanen, T, Parssinen, O, Klein, BE, Meitinger, T, Spector, TD, Oostra, BA, Smith, AV, de Jong, PTVM, Hofman, A, Amin, N, Karssen, LC, Rivadeneira, F, Vingerling, JR, Eiriksdottir, G, Gudnason, V, Doering, A, Bettecken, T, Uitterlinden, AG, Williams, C, Zeller, T, Castagne, R, Oexle, K, van Duijn, CM, Iyengar, SK, Mitchell, P, Wang, JJ, Hoehn, R, Pfeiffer, N, Bailey-Wilson, JE, Stambolian, D, Wong, T-Y, Hammond, CJ, Klaver, CCW, Verhoeven, VJM, Hysi, PG, Saw, S-M, Vitart, V, Mirshahi, A, Guggenheim, JA, Cotch, MF, Yamashiro, K, Baird, PN, Mackey, DA, Wojciechowski, R, Ikram, MK, Hewitt, AW, Duggal, P, Janmahasatian, S, Khor, C-C, Fan, Q, Zhou, X, Young, TL, Tai, E-S, Goh, L-K, Li, Y-J, Aung, T, Vithana, E, Teo, Y-Y, Tay, W, Sim, X, Rudan, I, Hayward, C, Wright, AF, Polasek, O, Campbell, H, Wilson, JF, Fleck, BW, Nakata, I, Yoshimura, N, Yamada, R, Matsuda, F, Ohno-Matsui, K, Nag, A, McMahon, G, St Pourcain, B, Lu, Y, Rahi, JS, Cumberland, PM, Bhattacharya, S, Simpson, CL, Atwood, LD, Li, X, Raffel, LJ, Murgia, F, Portas, L, Despriet, DDG, van Koolwijk, LME, Wolfram, C, Lackner, KJ, Toenjes, A, Maegi, R, Lehtimaki, T, Kahonen, M, Esko, T, Metspalu, A, Rantanen, T, Parssinen, O, Klein, BE, Meitinger, T, Spector, TD, Oostra, BA, Smith, AV, de Jong, PTVM, Hofman, A, Amin, N, Karssen, LC, Rivadeneira, F, Vingerling, JR, Eiriksdottir, G, Gudnason, V, Doering, A, Bettecken, T, Uitterlinden, AG, Williams, C, Zeller, T, Castagne, R, Oexle, K, van Duijn, CM, Iyengar, SK, Mitchell, P, Wang, JJ, Hoehn, R, Pfeiffer, N, Bailey-Wilson, JE, Stambolian, D, Wong, T-Y, Hammond, CJ, and Klaver, CCW

Abstract

Myopia is a complex genetic disorder and a common cause of visual impairment among working age adults. Genome-wide association studies have identified susceptibility loci on chromosomes 15q14 and 15q25 in Caucasian populations of European ancestry. Here, we present a confirmation and meta-analysis study in which we assessed whether these two loci are also associated with myopia in other populations. The study population comprised 31 cohorts from the Consortium of Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM) representing 4 different continents with 55,177 individuals; 42,845 Caucasians and 12,332 Asians. We performed a meta-analysis of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 15q14 and 5 SNPs on 15q25 using linear regression analysis with spherical equivalent as a quantitative outcome, adjusted for age and sex. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) of myopia versus hyperopia for carriers of the top-SNP alleles using a fixed effects meta-analysis. At locus 15q14, all SNPs were significantly replicated, with the lowest P value 3.87 × 10(-12) for SNP rs634990 in Caucasians, and 9.65 × 10(-4) for rs8032019 in Asians. The overall meta-analysis provided P value 9.20 × 10(-23) for the top SNP rs634990. The risk of myopia versus hyperopia was OR 1.88 (95 % CI 1.64, 2.16, P < 0.001) for homozygous carriers of the risk allele at the top SNP rs634990, and OR 1.33 (95 % CI 1.19, 1.49, P < 0.001) for heterozygous carriers. SNPs at locus 15q25 did not replicate significantly (P value 5.81 × 10(-2) for top SNP rs939661). We conclude that common variants at chromosome 15q14 influence susceptibility for myopia in Caucasian and Asian populations world-wide.

Published
2012

5. Common Genetic Determinants of Intraocular Pressure and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Author

Gibson, G, van Koolwijk, LME, Ramdas, WD, Ikram, MK, Jansonius, NM, Pasutto, F, Hysi, PG, Macgregor, S, Janssen, SF, Hewitt, AW, Viswanathan, AC, ten Brink, JB, Hosseini, SM, Amin, N, Despriet, DDG, Willemse-Assink, JJM, Kramer, R, Rivadeneira, F, Struchalin, M, Aulchenko, YS, Weisschuh, N, Zenkel, M, Mardin, CY, Gramer, E, Welge-Luessen, U, Montgomery, GW, Carbonaro, F, Young, TL, Bellenguez, C, McGuffin, P, Foster, PJ, Topouzis, F, Mitchell, P, Wang, JJ, Wong, TY, Czudowska, MA, Hofman, A, Uitterlinden, AG, Wolfs, RCW, de Jong, PTVM, Oostra, BA, Paterson, AD, Mackey, DA, Bergen, AAB, Reis, A, Hammond, CJ, Vingerling, JR, Lemij, HG, Klaver, CCW, van Duijn, CM, Gibson, G, van Koolwijk, LME, Ramdas, WD, Ikram, MK, Jansonius, NM, Pasutto, F, Hysi, PG, Macgregor, S, Janssen, SF, Hewitt, AW, Viswanathan, AC, ten Brink, JB, Hosseini, SM, Amin, N, Despriet, DDG, Willemse-Assink, JJM, Kramer, R, Rivadeneira, F, Struchalin, M, Aulchenko, YS, Weisschuh, N, Zenkel, M, Mardin, CY, Gramer, E, Welge-Luessen, U, Montgomery, GW, Carbonaro, F, Young, TL, Bellenguez, C, McGuffin, P, Foster, PJ, Topouzis, F, Mitchell, P, Wang, JJ, Wong, TY, Czudowska, MA, Hofman, A, Uitterlinden, AG, Wolfs, RCW, de Jong, PTVM, Oostra, BA, Paterson, AD, Mackey, DA, Bergen, AAB, Reis, A, Hammond, CJ, Vingerling, JR, Lemij, HG, Klaver, CCW, and van Duijn, CM

Abstract

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a highly heritable risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma and is the only target for current glaucoma therapy. The genetic factors which determine IOP are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study for IOP in 11,972 participants from 4 independent population-based studies in The Netherlands. We replicated our findings in 7,482 participants from 4 additional cohorts from the UK, Australia, Canada, and the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium 2/Blue Mountains Eye Study. IOP was significantly associated with rs11656696, located in GAS7 at 17p13.1 (p=1.4×10(-8)), and with rs7555523, located in TMCO1 at 1q24.1 (p=1.6×10(-8)). In a meta-analysis of 4 case-control studies (total N = 1,432 glaucoma cases), both variants also showed evidence for association with glaucoma (p=2.4×10(-2) for rs11656696 and p=9.1×10(-4) for rs7555523). GAS7 and TMCO1 are highly expressed in the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork as well as in the lamina cribrosa, optic nerve, and retina. Both genes functionally interact with known glaucoma disease genes. These data suggest that we have identified two clinically relevant genes involved in IOP regulation.

Published
2012

6. Patient-reported utilities in bilateral visual impairment from amblyopia and age-related macular degeneration.

Author

van de Graaf ES, Despriet DDG, Klaver CCW, and Simonsz HJ

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vision Disorders etiology, Vision, Low psychology, Visual Acuity, Amblyopia psychology, Attitude to Health, Macular Degeneration psychology, Vision Disorders psychology
Abstract

Background: Utility of visual impairment caused by amblyopia is important for the cost-effectiveness of screening for amblyopia (lazy eye, prevalence 3-3.5 %). We previously measured decrease of utility in 35-year-old persons with unilateral persistent amblyopia. The current observational case-control study aimed to measure loss of utility in patients with amblyopia with recent decrease of vision in their better eye. As these patients are rare, the sample was supplemented by patients with bilateral age-related macular degeneration with similar decrease of vision., Methods: From our out-patient department, two groups of patients with recent deterioration to bilateral visual acuity less than Snellen 0.5 (bilateral visual impairment, BVI) were recruited, with either persistent amblyopia and age-related macular degeneration (AMB + AMD), or with bilateral age-related macular degeneration (BAMD). To measure utility, the time trade-off method and the standard gamble method were applied through interviews. Correlations were sought between utility values and visual acuity, age and Visual Function Questionnaire-25 scores., Results: Seventeen AMB + AMD patients (mean age 72.9 years), and 63 BAMD patients (mean age 79.6 years) were included in the study. Among AMB + AMD, 80 % were willing to trade lifetime in exchange for cure. The overall mean time trade-off utility was 0.925. Among BAMD, 75 % were willing to trade, utility was 0.917. Among AMB + AMD, 38 % accepted risk of death in exchange for cure, overall mean standard gamble utility was 0.999. Among BAMD, 49 % accepted risk of death, utility was 0.998. Utility was not related to visual acuity but it was to age (p = 0.02)., Conclusion: Elderly patients with BVI, caused by persistent amblyopia and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or by bilateral AMD, had an approximately 8 % loss of TTO utility. Notably, the 8 % loss in elderly with BVI differs little from the 3.7 % loss we found previously in 35-year-old persons with unilateral amblyopia with good vision in the other eye. The moderate impact of BVI in senescence could be explained by adaptation, comorbidity, avoidance of risk and a changed percept of cure.

Published
2016
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7. Genome-wide analysis of multi-ancestry cohorts identifies new loci influencing intraocular pressure and susceptibility to glaucoma.

Author

Hysi PG, Cheng CY, Springelkamp H, Macgregor S, Bailey JNC, Wojciechowski R, Vitart V, Nag A, Hewitt AW, Höhn R, Venturini C, Mirshahi A, Ramdas WD, Thorleifsson G, Vithana E, Khor CC, Stefansson AB, Liao J, Haines JL, Amin N, Wang YX, Wild PS, Ozel AB, Li JZ, Fleck BW, Zeller T, Staffieri SE, Teo YY, Cuellar-Partida G, Luo X, Allingham RR, Richards JE, Senft A, Karssen LC, Zheng Y, Bellenguez C, Xu L, Iglesias AI, Wilson JF, Kang JH, van Leeuwen EM, Jonsson V, Thorsteinsdottir U, Despriet DDG, Ennis S, Moroi SE, Martin NG, Jansonius NM, Yazar S, Tai ES, Amouyel P, Kirwan J, van Koolwijk LME, Hauser MA, Jonasson F, Leo P, Loomis SJ, Fogarty R, Rivadeneira F, Kearns L, Lackner KJ, de Jong PTVM, Simpson CL, Pennell CE, Oostra BA, Uitterlinden AG, Saw SM, Lotery AJ, Bailey-Wilson JE, Hofman A, Vingerling JR, Maubaret C, Pfeiffer N, Wolfs RCW, Lemij HG, Young TL, Pasquale LR, Delcourt C, Spector TD, Klaver CCW, Small KS, Burdon KP, Stefansson K, Wong TY, Viswanathan A, Mackey DA, Craig JE, Wiggs JL, van Duijn CM, Hammond CJ, and Aung T

Subjects
ABO Blood-Group System genetics, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 genetics, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 genetics, Cohort Studies, Female, Fibronectins genetics, Genotype, Glaucoma, Open-Angle genetics, Humans, Male, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Genetic Loci genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Glaucoma genetics, Intraocular Pressure genetics
Abstract

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor in developing glaucoma, and variability in IOP might herald glaucomatous development or progression. We report the results of a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 18 population cohorts from the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium (IGGC), comprising 35,296 multi-ancestry participants for IOP. We confirm genetic association of known loci for IOP and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and identify four new IOP-associated loci located on chromosome 3q25.31 within the FNDC3B gene (P = 4.19 × 10(-8) for rs6445055), two on chromosome 9 (P = 2.80 × 10(-11) for rs2472493 near ABCA1 and P = 6.39 × 10(-11) for rs8176693 within ABO) and one on chromosome 11p11.2 (best P = 1.04 × 10(-11) for rs747782). Separate meta-analyses of 4 independent POAG cohorts, totaling 4,284 cases and 95,560 controls, showed that 3 of these loci for IOP were also associated with POAG.

Published
2014
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