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This article offers a new approach to analysing the medieval vaults of Norwich cathedral cloister, which at first appearance seem to be of a consistent design, yet detailed inspection and analysis reveals this not to be the case. Whilst previous scholars have recognised the presence of inconsistencies, their focus has been on chronology, patronage as well as the iconographic programme of the extraordinary range of sculpted bosses. Our approach is based on accurate digital surveying and analysis methods and comparison with similar data obtained from other sites. This enables us to understand the design of the cloister vaults in plan, including bay proportions and the nuances of the tierceron star arrangement of ribs. We then employ a representation technique termed the 'middle plan' to identify and analyse specific design runs and their breaks in a greater level of detail than previously achieved, including analysis of geometric data to explain different processes that were likely used to create the curvatures of individual ribs. In doing so, we have identified methods not previously described, which reveal the inventiveness of medieval masons faced with a series of complex constructional issues and enabling them to achieve a range of visual effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the energy performance of buildings has thus become a major challenge, as the building sector is now one of the main sources of energy consumption and one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Faced with these alarming challenges, current building design in the north is based on minimizing heat loss. However, this logic is not necessarily the most relevant in southern countries, characterized by excessive heat and insufficient, variable rainfall. The best way to achieve this is through sustainable design, with its intrinsic, energysaving qualities, exploited by effective modeling. This article focuses on ideas and innovations that are helping to overcome these challenges. The results of introducing a porch into building design represent best practice in arid zones and beyond in terms of how it is thermally insulated. This has resulted in a significant reduction in thermal load in the energy ratio of up to 53.55%. This latest research aims to provide construction professionals with concrete examples of the design process, its technical feasibility, optimization and digitization based on climatic data from the arid zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on 8 months of sociological participatory fieldwork at the office of Gottlieb Paludan Architects, following the design process of a new concourse area for Ny Ellebjerg Station in Copenhagen, Denmark. The study aims to trace what presence users with physical disabilities possessed during a design process in which they were not physically present or explicitly involved. The study bases its findings on the visual material produced during the design process by the employees of Gottlieb Paludan Architects as well as the thoughts and discussions of practitioners. Drawing on actor-network theory, the study describes and analyses these human and non-human actors as they constitute and contribute to the design process. The study finds that users with physical disabilities were present within the design process through an implicit generalized presence and an explicit required presence. Generalized presence refers to those instances where the architectural qualities that were strived for in the project implicitly aligned with the needs of users with physical disabilities. Required presence refers to those instances during the design process where accessibility demands from client guidelines or building regulations played an important role.

Abstract In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using design thinking for business model innovation. However, few studies have explored the application, potential and challenges of design thinking from a comprehensive perspective. In order to better understand how design thinking can contribute to business model innovation, this paper regards business model innovation as a subject of design research and provides a critical review of researchers’ explorations of how to apply design thinking for business model innovation. In light of the literature review, this paper distils seven key design research themes: (1) design thinking as a mindset and a methodology; (2) designers of business models; (3) design activities for business model innovation; (4) design tools for business model innovation; (5) design approaches for business model innovation; (6) co-creation of new products, services and business models, and (7) evaluating and measuring the impact of design thinking. The themes not only highlight the potential of applying design thinking as a necessary mindset and methodology to business model innovation, but also emphasise the nature of designing as a social process.

The concept of play supports the experiential and creative aspects of the design field because it is a familiar and fun phenomenon and involves interaction. The use of game-based learning in design processes will increase participation by supporting the regulation of these processes and the problematic aspects of the design studio course, which is at the heart of design education. For this reason, this study investigates the use of game-based learning methods in the design studio processes, one of the most important courses in interior architecture education. The study, which preferred the embedded theory method to develop hypotheses, one of the qualitative research methods, investigated the effects of game-based learning on the understanding of design processes and time management in a voluntary workshop with second-year students of interior architecture faculty. The study preferred a pre-test-post-test design for a single group as the data collection instrument and was supported by observations. Consistent with this preference, data collected with participants prior to the workshop were analysed and the workshop structure was created, and an attempt was made to compare the results of the game-based learning method with the post-workshop observations and survey results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is based on 8 months of sociological participatory fieldwork at the office of Gottlieb Paludan Architects, following the design process of a new concourse area for Ny Ellebjerg Station in Copenhagen, Denmark. The study aims to trace what presence users with physical disabilities possessed during a design process in which they were not physically present or explicitly involved. The study bases its findings on the visual material produced during the design process by the employees of Gottlieb Paludan Architects as well as the thoughts and discussions of practitioners. Drawing on actor-network theory, the study describes and analyses these human and non-human actors as they constitute and contribute to the design process. The study finds that users with physical disabilities were present within the design process through an implicit generalized presence and an explicit required presence. Generalized presence refers to those instances where the architectural qualities that were strived for in the project implicitly aligned with the needs of users with physical disabilities. Required presence refers to those instances during the design process where accessibility demands from client guidelines or building regulations played an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioinformatics applies computer science approaches to the analysis of biological data. It is widely known for its genomics-based analysis approaches that have supported, for example, the 1000 Genomes Project. In addition, bioinformatics relates to many other areas, such as analysis of microscopic images (e.g., organelle localization), molecular modelling (e.g., proteins, biological membranes), and visualization of biological networks (e.g., protein–protein interaction networks, metabolism). Design is a highly interdisciplinary field that incorporates aspects such as aesthetic, economic, functional, philosophical, and/or socio-political considerations into the creative process and is usually determined by context. While visualization plays a critical role in bioinformatics, as reflected in a number of conferences and workshops in the field, design in bioinformatics-related research contexts in particular is not as well studied. With this special issue in conjunction with an international workshop, we aim to bring together bioinformaticians from different fields with designers, design researchers, and medical and scientific illustrators to discuss future challenges in the context of bioinformatics and design.

The continuous integration and verification of components is essential in distributed design processes. Identifying the optimal integration and verification frequency, however, can be challenging due to the complexity of product development. Especially the effect of human decision-making in partially isolated development scenarios is difficult to consider. Thus, we performed an experimental study based on the following three steps: first, an extension of the existing parameter design framework, which is used to conduct experiments under laboratory conditions, in which human subjects solve quantitative surrogate design tasks. Second, a series of experiments in which 32 subjects divided into groups of two solved 229 parameter design tasks with a varying integration and verification frequency. And, third, a statistical analysis of the results with respect to development time, coupling strength and process costs. According to our results, development time can be reduced by up to 71%, if the integration and verification frequency is doubled. If process costs are also considered, the optimal frequency can be subject to a conflict of goals between reducing development time and minimising process cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CULCyT: Cultura Científica y Tecnológica is the property of Cultura Cientifica y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The continuous integration and verification of components is essential in distributed design processes. Identifying the optimal integration and verification frequency, however, can be challenging due to the complexity of product development. Especially the effect of human decision-making in partially isolated development scenarios is difficult to consider. Thus, we performed an experimental study based on the following three steps: first, an extension of the existing parameter design framework, which is used to conduct experiments under laboratory conditions, in which human subjects solve quantitative surrogate design tasks. Second, a series of experiments in which 32 subjects divided into groups of two solved 229 parameter design tasks with a varying integration and verification frequency. And, third, a statistical analysis of the results with respect to development time, coupling strength and process costs. According to our results, development time can be reduced by up to 71%, if the integration and verification frequency is doubled. If process costs are also considered, the optimal frequency can be subject to a conflict of goals between reducing development time and minimising process cost.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using design thinking for business model innovation. However, few studies have explored the application, potential and challenges of design thinking from a comprehensive perspective. In order to better understand how design thinking can contribute to business model innovation, this paper regards business model innovation as a subject of design research and provides a critical review of researchers' explorations of how to apply design thinking for business model innovation. In light of the literature review, this paper distils seven key design research themes: (1) design thinking as a mindset and a methodology; (2) designers of business models; (3) design activities for business model innovation; (4) design tools for business model innovation; (5) design approaches for business model innovation; (6) co-creation of new products, services and business models, and (7) evaluating and measuring the impact of design thinking. The themes not only highlight the potential of applying design thinking as a necessary mindset and methodology to business model innovation, but also emphasise the nature of designing as a social process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents and discusses a paper-based co-design tool that was developed in order to strengthen ideation in digital experience design processes at museums. The tool, called the ASAP Map, was co-designed as part of an action research project with 10 museums from EU and the USA. The museum partners used the tool in their home institutions and the article focuses on their feedback and the following iterations of the tool through ongoing feedback loops. Concludingly, the usefulness and applicability of the tool is discussed, also touching on the relevance of this study for the broader co-design field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional glass industry in Egypt is one of the most important traditional handicraft industries, it distinguished by high artistic and aesthetic value in production. It depends firstly on how skilled the glass maker is and his ability to work on a piece of soft glass to transform it into a distinctive artistic product, has originality and beauty makes it stand out among other glass products. But, with more technological progress and less interest along with poor creative thinking from manufacturers, the industry suffers from the lack of innovation and poor design ideas to keep up with globalization and civilization changings, which led to a drop in traditional glass designs numbers, lowering the traditional glass makers and artists, and leaving the profession of ancestral heritage in Egypt. The research presents a comparison study to develop a strategy for designing traditional Glass products in Egypt along with the country trend in caring and developing handicrafts through small and micro projects, to help bringing handicrafts industries to life again. The research reviews a number of heritage glass products formed by different blowing methods (free blowing - blowing inside a mold - blowing with winding - rotating inside a mold), which is produced during different eras in Egypt (The Ancient Egyptian - Roman - Coptic - Islamic) to show the differences in glass products in terms of (shape of decoration, production method, dimensions), by following the analytical scientific methodology research study to know the range of change and stability in products design forming now

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fashion as mirror of socio-cultural evolutions. In light of the ever-increasing plurality and hybridization of languages, fashion change, through disassembling and reconstruction actions according to creative processes capable of generating new design approaches. The creative process, having passed the phase of revival, rediscovery and re-proposal of styles, today acts more and more according to an approach far from citationism. A method that deconstructs and reassembles products, materials and styles, in a mash-up, generating new signs, meanings and shapes, that recall, but do not refer didactically to precise references. Shapes, symbols, textures are thus deconstructed and recomposed according to logics and approaches that generate a multiplicity of meanings.Brands such as Vetements, Off-White, United Standard, Marcelo Burlon borrow from music not only cultural references but also a design approach. There is a form of deconstruction that looks more like a music mix using techniques such as Fading, Harmonic Mixing, Slicing, Swap or Looping. Thus a new identity of contemporary fashion takes shape: we witness to a meta-design process that, thanks to a group of emerging figures hovering between DJs and fashion designers, defines an idea of deconstruction according to approaches that owe much to consoles, mixers, and synthesizers.

We Should All Be Feminists, the speech given in 2012 by Chimamanda Ngozi Adi- chie, became a fashionable slogan in 2017, having been printed on the T-shirts pre- sented by Maria Grazia Chiuri in her first collection for Dior. An operation that also aimed to contribute to the redefinition of the female role within the fashion system. Even though Poiret has freed women from corsets and constrictions, it is thanks to Madame Grès, Madeleine Vionnet, Elsa Schiaparelli and Coco Chanel, that a renewed relationship between dress and woman’s body has been questioned, opening the doors to the creations of Mary Quant, Krizia, Vivienne Westwood, Rei Kawakubo, Miuccia Prada, Consuelo Castiglioni and Phoebe Philo, to mention the most relevant. These figures all looked at woman’s body through cuts and formal and material experimentations by using a personal vision of style and a precise creative process. Far from being limited to gender discourse, the article intends to investigate, the evolution of the relationship between the creative process implemented by women designers and the fashion project. A dialogue that does not end in pure formal ex- perimentation, but that succeeds in giving shape to new cultural and social values and, in defining fortunate entrepreneurial stories.

Design processes can be influenced by their practice environments. Although design processes of industry engineers have been examined in multiple research studies, few studies have investigated design processes of academic engineers. As academia and industry have different sociocultural norms and constraints, their design processes likely also differ. To examine this question, we conducted semi-structured interviews with both academic and industry engineers who had successfully designed medical devices. Our qualitative findings revealed that engineers in industry described their design process as a sequence with problem definition, solution exploration, detail design, evaluation, and communication. Academic engineers, in contrast, described their design process as beginning with a discovered solution, then searching for application problems, evaluating compatibility between problems and solution, and finally, communicating their findings through publications. Understanding differences in design processes of academic and industry engineers can facilitate knowledge sharing and promote collaboration between academia and industry. The findings also highlight the impact of sociocultural norms on practices, even in disciplines with highly trained and clearly defined processes.

The theory of Expansive learning and the change laboratory (CL) methodology has been developed and applied in many studies on workplace learning and educational change. There are fewer studies made on small-scale interventions, exploring the longitudinal development of expansive learning in an educational change effort. This article examines a CL intervention performed in an upper secondary school in Sweden, with a small group of teachers engaged in a participatory design project. By identifying and analysing the relationship of the seven learning actions posited by the theory of expansive learning, the aim was to contribute to the discussion of the CL methodology and the empirical usability of the theory. The results showed that the seven expansive learning actions functioned as analytical tools to map the teachers learning and development, but the analysis also showed many deviations, disruptions and occurrence of practical actions of design in the process. This challenge the notions of cyclicity and ascension in the theory of expansive learning. Cyclicity might be desirable but not necessary for expansive learning which questions the need to first grasp the problem at a conceptual level before generating concrete solutions. The Findings in this study suggests the opposite; that the entanglement and parallel movement between the abstract and the concrete was a driving force for the teachers expansive learning and the design of new curricular units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design thinking has an important role in STEM education. However, there has been limited research on how students engage in various modalities throughout the design process in hands-on design tasks. To promote middle school students' engineering literacy, it is necessary to examine the use of design modalities during design. Using a case study approach, we examine middle school students' design stages and modalities during design activities. We also identify the patterns of design processes in the teams with different design outcomes. Drawing on theories in design thinking and embodied interaction, we proposed a framework and devised a video analysis protocol to examine students' design stages and modalities. Middle school students attending a design workshop engaged in two design activities in teams of 3–4 people. The design sessions were video recorded and analyzed using the video analysis protocol. The teams engaged in the stages of planning, building, and testing, while employing the verbal, the visual, and the physical modalities. The teams that varied in design outcomes exhibited different patterns in the use of multiple modalities during the design stages. This study contributes to research on design thinking by proposing a framework for analyzing middle school students' multimodal design processes and presenting data visualization methods to identify patterns in design stages and modalities. The findings suggest the necessity to examine students' use of design modalities in the context of design stages and imply the potential benefits of using multiple modalities during design. The implications for future research and education practices are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we deal with the integration of the Theory of Documentational Approach to Didactics (DAD) with a design process, as a methodology for the construction of an artifact directed to teaching geometry online. The ADA provides theoretical support to guide the analysis of resource choices and production of teachers' documents and brings reflexive research as a methodological part to analyze the actions of the teacher in documentational genesis. Thus, following seven steps of a design process: define, research, ideate, prototype, select, implement, and learn, we relate design techniques to scientific research methods. Aiming to solve the difficulties of online teacher planning of geometry, we set up a methodological structure for the construction of a platform. The methodological structure was composed of the application of field research, problem mapping, question method, reflexive investigation, brainstorming and prototype. The methods were chosen according to the objectives of each of the seven stages of the design process. In a first analysis, it is possible to identify the potentialities of the integration of the ADA with design processes, to produce an artifact that assists teaching activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we deal with the integration of the Theory of Documentational Approach to Didactics (DAD) with a design process, as a methodology for the construction of an artifact directed to teaching geometry online. The ADA provides theoretical support to guide the analysis of resource choices and production of teachers' documents and brings reflexive research as a methodological part to analyze the actions of the teacher in documentational genesis. Thus, following seven steps of a design process: define, research, ideate, prototype, select, implement, and learn, we relate design techniques to scientific research methods. Aiming to solve the difficulties of online teacher planning of geometry, we set up a methodological structure for the construction of a platform. The methodological structure was composed of the application of field research, problem mapping, question method, reflexive investigation, brainstorming and prototype. The methods were chosen according to the objectives of each of the seven stages of the design process. In a first analysis, it is possible to identify the potentialities of the integration of the ADA with design processes, to produce an artifact that assists teaching activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saudi Arabia 2030 vision encompasses art and design and its development. This study aims to investigate the learning experience and practices in art exhibition visits of graphic design students studying at Jeddah International College. Moreover, the study examines the impact of visiting art exhibitions on the development of the design process of graphic design projects in the presence of adequate guidance during the students' visits to art exhibitions. The study participants were Jeddah International graphic design students. 76 out of 87 students participated in the data collection using an online survey. The survey considers the following: 1) Prior to the visit: the frequency and the motivation for exhibition visits, the planning and organizing the visit; 2) During the visit: methods of documenting and recording interesting information during the visit and the difficulties faced; 3) Post visit: the impact of the visit on the students' inspiration and creativity in their designs process from the students perspective. The results revealed that visiting art exhibitions has a significant impact on the development of the design process of graphic design projects. However, graphic design students lack the ability to work independently during these visits. Thus, the study proposes a set of guidelines for graphic design students to enhance students' learning during art exhibitions visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Legado de Arquitectura y Diseño is the property of Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: While many industry professionals, including user-experience designers, create personas to represent their target users, debate still exists about whether personas really help organizations improve user-centered attitudes and product design. This study tested whether personas increase performance and empathy on a creativity task. Method: 172 participants completed a creativity task in which they were given seven minutes to draw a space alien. Participants drew aliens either for themselves, an unspecified author, or an author represented by a persona. Participants also completed a survey collecting their attitudes about the activity and alien drawings. Four coders then used a five-item rubric to evaluate the creativity of each drawing. Results: There were no differences in creativity scores for the alien drawings between the persona, self, and other author groups. However, people drawing for themselves and the persona author were more confident in their alien drawings and more willing to share them. Within the persona group, those participants who reported thinking about the persona while drawing had more positive feelings about the drawing and the author who would use it. Conclusion: While the persona did not result in more creative drawings, personas may increase confidence and user-centered attitudes among designers when actively used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to constantly and rapidly growing digitization, requirements for international cooperation are changing. Tools for collaborative work such as video telephony are already an integral part of today's communication across companies. However, these tools are not sufficient to represent the full physical presence of an employee or a product as well as its components in another location, since the representation of information in a two-dimensional way and the resulting limited communication loses concrete objectivity. Thus, we present a novel object-centered approach that compromises of Augmented and Virtual Reality technology as well as design suggestions for remote collaboration. Furthermore, we identify current key areas for future research and specify a design space for the use of Augmented and Virtual Reality remote collaboration in the manufacturing process in the automotive industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial ability is defined as the combination of some abilities such as imagining the movements of objects, mental rotation, and spatial transformations. Students' spatial abilities can be enhanced through specific education programs. This study investigated the effects of engineering design-based instruction on spatial abilities of 8th grade students. The study was conducted with a total of 75 students: two experimental groups (n = 35) and two control groups (n = 40). Three different engineering design modules were developed. Using a mixed method approach, qualitative data were analysed to identify students' engineering design processes. In the quantitative part of the study, a quasi-experiment was used to examine the effects of engineering design-based mathematical activities on spatial abilities of students. Results revealed that engineering design-based activities positively affect the development of students' spatial abilities. In addition, findings related to the qualitative data on students' design processes were presented; and suggestions for further research were introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]