33 results on '"Desiato R"'
Search Results
2. RISULTATI PRELIMINARI SULLA VALUTAZIONE DEL 'RISCHIO DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM' IN TROTE IRIDEA (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) ALLEVATE IN NORD-ITALIA
- Author
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Bona, M. C., Righetti, M., Andrea Gustinelli, Scanzio, T., Burioli, Erika Astrid Virginie, Menconi, Vasco, Desiato, R., Foglini, C., Ru, G., Pastorino, P., MARIALETIZIA FIORAVANTI, Prearo, M., Bona, M.C., Righetti, M., Gustinelli, A., Scanzio, T., Burioli, E.A.V., Menconi, V., Desiato, R., Foglini, C., Ru, G., Pastorino, P., Fioravanti, M.L., and Prearo, M.
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Diphyllobothrium sp ,Acquacoltura ,Trota iridea ,Italia - Abstract
Il problema delle infestazioni parassitarie di origine ittica ha un duplice aspetto, da una parte i riflessi sul valore merceologico del prodotto ittico e dell’altra la salute del consumatore, anche se nel nostro Paese le abitudini alimentari non contemplano spesso il consumo di pesce crudo, se non limitatamente a prodotti tipici locali e ad usanze territoriali. Relativamente al trattamento per l’uccisione di parassiti vitali in prodotti della pesca destinati al consumo umano, il Reg. UE n. 1276/2011 ha indicato la possibilità di deroga ai trattamenti di congelamento previsti per i prodotti che vanno consumati crudi o sottoposti a trattamenti che non garantiscono l’uccisione dei parassiti vivi. Tale deroga può essere rilasciata solo per prodotti che derivano dall’acquacoltura e che soddisfano particolari requisiti, quali essere stati allevati in un ambiente privo di parassiti vivi, oppure in seguito a verifica, mediante procedure approvate dall’autorità competente, che non vi sia un rischio sanitario per la presenza di parassiti vivi. Si tratta di indicazioni che si riferiscono al parere scientifico emesso dall’EFSA nel 2010 sulla valutazione del rischio correlato alla presenza di parassiti nei prodotti ittici. Nel proprio parere l’EFSA raccomanda inoltre di condurre studi epidemiologici approfonditi in tutte le specie ittiche allevate. Proprio in riferimento a questa raccomandazione, è in corso un progetto di ricerca sulle zoonosi parassitarie trasmesse dai pesci dulciacquicoli; in tale ambito è stata effettuata un’indagine preliminare in un allevamento di trota iridea situato lungo l’asta del fiume Ticino, nel tratto emissario dal lago Maggiore; questo primo approccio è stato condotto al fine di ottenere, da un lato dati di prevalenza relativi alla eventuale presenza di parassiti e dall'altro uno strumento da utilizzare con la GDO per dimostrare che il problema possa considerarsi trascurabile. Presso l’allevamento preso in esame coesistono 2 fonti di approvvigionamento idrico con un diverso livello di rischio nei confronti dell’infestazione da Diphyllobothrium: acque di sola risorgiva e acque di provenienza superficiale. Il ciclo produttivo, dopo una prima fase di allevamento degli avannotti in vasche le cui acque sono di risorgiva (o di pozzo), prevede lo stazionamento degli animali in raceways, alimentati con acqua superficiale; queste vasche rappresentano il punto a maggior rischio per la presenza eventuale di infestazione, dal momento che il corpo idrico che alimenta l’allevamento, proviene da un canale di derivazione del Ticino, emissario del lago Maggiore, dove la parassitosi è presente nella fauna ittica con diverse prevalenze a seconda dei diversi punti di prelievo (prevalenza 2-5%). Il prelievo è stato condotto nel punto di maggior rischio lungo la filiera produttiva e la numerosità campionaria è stata fissata a priori, con approccio conservativo, in modo da svelare la presenza del parassita nel caso in cui la sua prevalenza fosse pari almeno al 2% con un livello di sicurezza del 95%. Sono stati campionati 150 individui di taglia commerciale (350-500 g), suddivisi in 6 campagne di campionamento svolte tra l’estate 2014 e l’estate 2015, con cadenza bimestrale (25 esemplari per prelievo). L’esame parassitologico specifico effettuato mediante sfilettatura della porzione muscolare di entrambi i lati di ogni soggetto e visione mediante vetri compressori di tutti i muscoli non ha evidenziato in alcun esemplare la presenza di parassiti. Con questi risultati, si può quindi affermare, con una sicurezza pari al 95%, che la prevalenza del parassita nell’allevamento considerato non può comunque essere superiore al 2%. Questo approccio dovrebbe essere adottato in altri comparti produttivi posti in bacini idrografici afferenti ai grandi laghi alpini, in cui la presenza della difillobotriasi è ancora attuale, per raccogliere dati epidemiologici consistenti su tale parassitosi, in modo da rafforzare l’immagine della troticoltura nazionale, conferendo un plus valore ai prodotti dell’acquacoltura.
- Published
- 2015
3. Dioxin-like Compounds in Lake Fish Species: Evaluation by DR-CALUX Bioassay
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Sciuto, S., primary, Prearo, M., additional, Desiato, R., additional, Bulfon, C., additional, Burioli, E.A.V., additional, Esposito, G., additional, Guglielmetti, C., additional, Dell'Atti, L., additional, Ru, G., additional, Volpatti, D., additional, Acutis, P.L., additional, and Martucci, F., additional
- Published
- 2018
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4. Nel DNA della trota il segreto per combattere la lattococcosi
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Colussi, S., Prearo, M., Bertuzzi, S. A., Scanzio, T., Peletto, S., Favaro, Livio, Modesto, P., Maniaci, M. G., Ru, G., Desiato, R., and Acutis, P. L.
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Lattococcosi ,Oncorhynchus mykiss ,MHC class II - Published
- 2013
5. Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)
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Colussi, S, primary, Prearo, M, additional, Bertuzzi, S A, additional, Scanzio, T, additional, Peletto, S, additional, Favaro, L, additional, Modesto, P, additional, Maniaci, M G, additional, Ru, G, additional, Desiato, R, additional, and Acutis, P L, additional
- Published
- 2014
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6. Caratteristiche igienico-sanitarie di formaggi prodotti sul territorio piemontese
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Decastelli, L., Martorana, M., Desiato, R., Grassi, Maria Ausilia, Dalmasso, Alessandra, and Civera, Tiziana
- Published
- 2003
7. Caseificazioni sperimentali: resistenza di ceppi enteropatogeni
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Decastelli, L., Martorana, M., Bottero, Maria Teresa, Dalmasso, Alessandra, Desiato, R., and Civera, Tiziana
- Published
- 2003
8. Valutazione della contaminazione dell'aria in macelli cunicoli
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Desiato, R., Grassi, Maria Ausilia, and Civera, Tiziana
- Published
- 2001
9. Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum).
- Author
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Colussi, S, Prearo, M, Bertuzzi, S A, Scanzio, T, Peletto, S, Favaro, L, Modesto, P, Maniaci, M G, Ru, G, Desiato, R, and Acutis, P L
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LACTOCOCCUS ,HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ,STEELHEAD trout ,RAINBOW trout ,FISH reproduction - Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex ( MHC) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides and initiate immune responses through their interaction with T cells. MHC class II molecules are heterodimers consisting of α and β chains encoded by extremely variable genes; variation in exon 2 is responsible for the majority of observed polymorphisms, mostly concentrated in the codons specifying the peptide-binding region. Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis, a warm-water bacterial infection pathogenic for cultured freshwater and marine fish. It causes considerable economic losses, limiting the profitability and development of fish industries in general and the intensive production of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in particular. The disease is currently controlled with vaccines and antibiotics; however, vaccines have short-term efficacy, and increasing concerns regarding antibiotic residues have called for alternative strategies. To explore the involvement of the MHC class II β-1 domain as a candidate gene for resistance to lactococcosis, we exposed 400 rainbow trout to naturally contaminated water. One single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) and one haplotype were associated with resistance ( P < 0.01). These results are promising for using MHC class IIβ as a molecular marker in breeding rainbow trout resistant to lactococcosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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10. Environmental micropollutants in livestock products from Susa Valley, Piedmont,La contaminazione ambientale da microinquinanti degli allevamenti della Val di Susa
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Desiato, R., Baioni, E., Cuttica, G., Sparagna, B., Berruto, P., Abete, M. C., Bertolini, S., cristiana maurella, Caramelli, M., Chiavacci, L., and Ru, G.
11. Evaluation of the DR-CALUX® bioassay as screening method for the detection of contamination by dioxins in milk in Piedmont,Valutazione del biosaggio cellulare DR-CALUX® come metodo di screening per la rivelazione di contaminazioni da diossine nel latte in Piemonte
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Sciuto, S., Martucci, F., Desiato, R., Mazza, M., Chiara Guglielmetti, Atti, L., Ubaldi, A., Ru, G., Acutis, P. L., and Caramelli, M.
12. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: The surveillance between past and future,Encefalopatia spongiforme bovina: la sorveglianza tra passato e futuro
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Desiato, R., Maurella, C., Iulini, B., Alessandra Pautasso, Colussi, S., Meloni, D., Ru, G., Casalone, C., and Caramelli, M.
13. A relevant long-term impact of the circulation of a potentially contaminated vaccine on the distribution of scrapie in Italy. Results from a retrospective cohort study
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Bertolini Silvia, Maurella Cristiana, Bona Cristina, Ingravalle Francesco, Desiato Rosanna, Baioni Elisa, Chiavacci Laura, Caramelli Maria, and Ru Giuseppe
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Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract A sudden increase in the incidence of scrapie in Italy in 1997 was subsequently linked to the use of a potentially infected vaccine against contagious agalactia. The relative risk for the exposed farms ranged between 6 and 40. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term impact of exposure to the potentially scrapie-contaminated vaccine on the Italian classical scrapie epidemic. We carried out a retrospective cohort study, fitting mixed-effects Poisson regression models, dividing national geographic areas into exposure categories on the basis of the vaccine circulation levels. We took into account the sensitivity of the surveillance system applied in the different areas. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was used to assess the impact on the total population of farms associated with the effect of circulation of the vaccine. The provinces where the vaccine was more often sold were noted to have a higher level of disease when compared to those provinces where the vaccine was sold less often (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-6.5). The population attributable fraction was high (68.4%). Standardization techniques allowed to account for the potential of geographical variability in the sensitivity of the Italian surveillance system. Although the number of the directly exposed farms was limited, an important long-term impact of the vaccine circulation could be quantified in terms of secondary outbreaks likely due to the exchange of animals from directly exposed flocks.
- Published
- 2012
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14. One health surveillance strategy for coronaviruses in Italian wildlife - CORRIGENDUM.
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Leopardi S, Desiato R, Mazzucato M, Orusa R, Obber F, Averaimo D, Berjaoui S, Canziani S, Capucchio MT, Conti R, di Bella S, Festa F, Garofalo L, Lelli D, Madrau MP, Mandola ML, Martin AMM, Peletto S, Pirani S, Robetto S, Torresi C, Varotto M, Citterio C, and Terregino C
- Published
- 2023
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15. Class 1 integron and Enterococcus spp. abundances in swine farms from the " Suckling piglets" to the "Fatteners" production category.
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Di Cesare A, Frangipani E, Citterio B, Sabatino R, Corno G, Fontaneto D, Mangiaterra G, Bencardino D, Zoppi S, Di Blasio A, Desiato R, Ru G, and Marchis D
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- Humans, Swine, Animals, Integrons genetics, Farms, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Feces microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests veterinary, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Enterococcus, Enterococcus faecium
- Abstract
Swine farms are considered a hotspot of antimicrobial resistance and may contribute to the spread of antibiotic-resistant and/or pathogenic bacteria into the environment as well as to farm workers. In this study, swine fecal samples have been collected over the primary production, selecting three categories, i.e., "Suckling piglets", "Weaning pigs" and "Fatteners", in six intensive swine farms, for two years. Feces were analysed for the detection and abundance of class 1 integrons (used as proxy of antibiotic resistance and of anthropogenic pollution), and of enterococci [fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and potentially pathogenic for humans] by quantitative Real Time PCR. Furthermore, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were isolated, analysed for the presence of the intI1 gene by Real Time PCR and genetically typed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Both enterococci and class 1 integrons were significantly more abundant in the Suckling piglets (p = 0.0316 and 0.0242, respectively). About 8% of the isolated enterococci were positive for the intI1 gene by Real Time PCR. E. faecalis and E. faecium were found genetically heterogeneous and no specific pattern could be identified as the driver for their presence along the pig primary production. These findings suggest that the "Suckling piglets" category of production represents the key point where to mitigate the risk of transmission of enterococci and class 1 integrons with associated antibiotic resistance genes to humans and spread into the environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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16. Tetracyclines in Processed Animal Proteins: A Monitoring Study on Their Occurrence and Antimicrobial Activity.
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Morello S, Pederiva S, Avolio R, Amato G, Zoppi S, Di Blasio A, Abete MC, Casalone C, Desiato R, Ru G, and Marchis D
- Abstract
In 2013, the European Union (EU) lifted the feed ban restriction, authorizing the use of non-ruminant (NR) processed animal proteins (PAPs) as ingredient in aquafeed. A further relaxation is soon expected, and NR PAPs will be allowed in next future in poultry and pig feed, avoiding cannibalism. Other potential hazards linked to PAPs as raw material should be evaluated. Antibiotics administered along the lifecycle of animals may leave residue in tissues and bones and still be present in PAPs. This monitoring study aimed to determine tetracyclines (TCLs), known to cumulate in bones, in PAPs and their possible residual antibiotic activity (RAC). A sensitive Liquid Chromatography coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of TCLs in PAPs was developed and applied to 55 PAPs from EU manufactures. Most PAP samples ( n = 40) contained TCLs (concentrations 25.59 ÷ 456.84 µg kg
-1 ). Among samples containing more than 25 µg kg-1 for at least three TCLs, three PAPs were chosen for RAC test before and after TCLs extraction procedure applying an in vitro acidic digestion: in two out of those three samples, RAC was observed after in vitro digestion. TCLs were determined in the digested PAPs (concentrations 26.07 ÷ 64.55 µg kg-1 ). The detection of TCLs in PAPs should promptly target the risk assessments of this unconsidered way of exposure to antibiotic residues.- Published
- 2021
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17. Mosquitoes of the Maculipennis complex in Northern Italy.
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Calzolari M, Desiato R, Albieri A, Bellavia V, Bertola M, Bonilauri P, Callegari E, Canziani S, Lelli D, Mosca A, Mulatti P, Peletto S, Ravagnan S, Roberto P, Torri D, Pombi M, Di Luca M, and Montarsi F
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- Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic methods, Female, Haplotypes, Italy epidemiology, Malaria epidemiology, Malaria microbiology, Male, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Anopheles classification, Anopheles genetics, Ecosystem, Malaria transmission, Mosquito Vectors microbiology, Plasmodium classification
- Abstract
The correct identification of mosquito vectors is often hampered by the presence of morphologically indiscernible sibling species. The Maculipennis complex is one of these groups that include both malaria vectors of primary importance and species of low/negligible epidemiological relevance, of which distribution data in Italy are outdated. Our study was aimed at providing an updated distribution of Maculipennis complex in Northern Italy through the sampling and morphological/molecular identification of specimens from five regions. The most abundant species was Anopheles messeae (2032), followed by Anopheles maculipennis s.s. (418), Anopheles atroparvus (28) and Anopheles melanoon (13). Taking advantage of ITS2 barcoding, we were able to finely characterize tested mosquitoes, classifying all the Anopheles messeae specimens as Anopheles daciae, a taxon with debated rank to which we referred as species inquirenda (sp. inq.). The distribution of species was characterized by Ecological Niche Models (ENMs), fed by recorded points of presence. ENMs provided clues on the ecological preferences of the detected species, with An. daciae sp. inq. linked to stable breeding sites and An. maculipennis s.s. more associated to ephemeral breeding sites. We demonstrate that historical Anopheles malaria vectors are still present in Northern Italy.
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- 2021
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18. Ticks infesting humans and associated pathogens: a cross-sectional study in a 3-year period (2017-2019) in northwest Italy.
- Author
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Audino T, Pautasso A, Bellavia V, Carta V, Ferrari A, Verna F, Grattarola C, Iulini B, Pintore MD, Bardelli M, Cassina G, Tomassone L, Peletto S, Blanda V, Torina A, Caramelli M, Casalone C, and Desiato R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anaplasma genetics, Anaplasma pathogenicity, Animals, Bites and Stings, Borrelia genetics, Borrelia pathogenicity, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease Vectors, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Italy epidemiology, Ixodes classification, Male, Rickettsia genetics, Rickettsia pathogenicity, Tick-Borne Diseases microbiology, Tick-Borne Diseases transmission, Anaplasma isolation & purification, Borrelia isolation & purification, Ixodes genetics, Ixodes microbiology, Rickettsia isolation & purification, Tick Infestations epidemiology, Tick-Borne Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Tick-borne diseases are common throughout Europe. Ticks transmit pathogens to the host while feeding and together with mosquitoes, they are major vectors of infectious agents worldwide. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of tick-bite events and tick-borne disease in northwest Italy, but information on the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks removed from humans remains scarce. To fill this gap, we report here the prevalence of tick bites and tick-borne pathogens documented for humans in Piedmont, northwest Italy, in the 3-year period 2017-2019., Methods: Ticks attached to humans during 2017-2019 were collected from residents of urban and rural area by physicians and veterinarians working with local veterinary agencies. All ticks (n = 1290) were morphologically identified to the species level. A subset of ticks removed from children (age 0-18 years) and the elderly (> 70 years), both age groups considered to be at-risk populations, was screened by biomolecular analysis to detect pathogens (e.g. Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp., Anaplasma spp.). Pathogen identity was confirmed by Sanger sequencing., Results: Ticks were taxonomically assigned to ten species of six genera (Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Ixodes and Rhipicephalus). Most belonged to the genus Ixodes: 1009 ticks (78.22%) were classified as Ixodes ricinus. A subset of 500 ticks collected from the two at-risk populations were subjected to PCR assay to determine the presence of Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp., and Anaplasma spp. The overall prevalence of infection was 22.8% (n = 114; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 19.19-26.73%), meaning that at least one pathogen was detected: Rickettsia spp. (prevalence 15%, n = 76; 95% CI 12.17-18.65%); Borrelia spp. (prevalence 6.4%, n = 32; 95% CI 4.42-8.92%); and Anaplasma spp. (prevalence 1.2%, n = 6; 95% CI 0.44-2.6%)., Conclusions: Our data underline the importance of surveillance in the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases and the implementation of strategies to control tick infestation and associated pathogens.
- Published
- 2021
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19. Application of a risk-based standardized animal biomonitoring approach to contaminated sites.
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Scaramozzino P, Battisti S, Desiato R, Tamba M, Fedrizzi G, Ubaldi A, Neri B, Abete MC, and Ru G
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- Animals, Cattle, Chickens, Female, Geographic Information Systems, Italy, Risk Assessment, Waste Disposal Facilities, Eggs analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Environmental Monitoring standards, Environmental Pollutants analysis, Metals, Heavy analysis, Milk chemistry
- Abstract
Biomonitoring has been used to disclose the public health impact of contaminated sites. This study aimed at setting up good practices to apply biomonitoring targeting animal matrixes to design risk-based surveillance and exposure assessment plans. A nine-step protocol targeting farmed animals was devised and tested in three case study areas including (1) a waste dump, (2) a waste incinerator, and (3) a secondary aluminum smelter. Between 2010 and 2012, in each study area, the following 9-step best practices were applied: hazard identification, GIS project creation, risk area delimitation, control area selection, receptors (livestock) identification, farms and matrixes selection, sampling study design, on-farm secondary sources exclusion, and statistical and geostatistical analysis. Dairy farms and free-range laying hens were the primary targets: eggs from both risk and control areas and milk from risk areas were sampled and submitted for detection of selected tracking contaminants compatible with the putative sources. Comparison data (risk vs. control) of heavy metal concentrations in eggs were available only for case study 2, whereas egg comparison data of persistent organic pollutants were available for all the risk-control pairs. After taking into account potential secondary sources, no concern from metals was arisen, whereas high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants were detected in all risk areas; however, only for the aluminum smelter case study, the contamination was broad and higher in the risk area compared with the control one. The protocol has proved to be easily applicable and flexible to varying contexts and able to provide helpful data to inform risk management decisions.
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- 2019
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20. A single nucleotide variant in the promoter region of the CCR5 gene increases susceptibility to arthritis encephalitis virus in goats.
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Colussi S, Desiato R, Beltramo C, Peletto S, Modesto P, Maniaci MG, Campia V, Quasso A, Rosati S, Bertolotti L, Ru G, and Acutis PL
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- Animals, Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Goats, Lentivirus Infections genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Proviruses, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Goat Diseases genetics, Goat Diseases virology, Lentivirus Infections veterinary, Receptors, CCR5 genetics
- Abstract
Background: The small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are a heterogeneous group of viruses that includes caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) and Maedi-Visna virus (MVV). SRLVs affect the production and welfare of sheep and goats worldwide. There is currently no effective treatment. Their high mutation rate precludes vaccine development, making innovative control measures necessary. A variant of the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) gene is reportedly involved in resistance to human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection in humans and to SRLV in sheep. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic structure and variability of the CCR5 gene in goats and to carry out a cross-sectional study to investigate the role of CCR5 genetic variants in controlling susceptibility/resistance to CAEV., Results: The variant g.1059 T located in the promoter region revealed an interesting association with high proviral loads (a 2.8-fold increased risk). A possible explanation could be an alteration of the transcriptional level. Overexpression of the CCR5 receptor on the cell surface may increase virus internalization and proviral load as a consequence., Conclusions: Our findings could be advantageously used to reduce the susceptibility of goat herds to CAEV by negatively selecting animals carrying the g.1059 T mutation. Eliminating animals predisposed to high proviral loads could also limit the development of clinical signs and the spread of the virus, since these animals are also highly efficient in shedding the virus.
- Published
- 2019
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21. Motor neuron degeneration, severe myopathy and TDP-43 increase in a transgenic pig model of SOD1-linked familiar ALS.
- Author
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Crociara P, Chieppa MN, Vallino Costassa E, Berrone E, Gallo M, Lo Faro M, Pintore MD, Iulini B, D'Angelo A, Perona G, Botter A, Formicola D, Rainoldi A, Paulis M, Vezzoni P, Meli F, Peverali FA, Bendotti C, Trolese MC, Pasetto L, Bonetto V, Lazzari G, Duchi R, Perota A, Lagutina I, Quadalti C, Gennero MS, Dezzutto D, Desiato R, Boido M, Ghibaudi M, Valentini MC, Caramelli M, Galli C, Casalone C, and Corona C
- Subjects
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis genetics, Animals, Animals, Genetically Modified, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Muscular Diseases pathology, Nerve Degeneration pathology, Swine, TDP-43 Proteinopathies pathology, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis pathology, Motor Neurons pathology, Muscular Diseases genetics, Nerve Degeneration genetics, Superoxide Dismutase-1 genetics, TDP-43 Proteinopathies genetics
- Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neural disorder gradually leading to paralysis of the whole body. Alterations in superoxide dismutase SOD1 gene have been linked with several variants of familial ALS. Here, we investigated a transgenic (Tg) cloned swine model expressing the human pathological hSOD1
G93A allele. As in patients, these Tg pigs transmitted the disease to the progeny with an autosomal dominant trait and showed ALS onset from about 27 months of age. Post mortem analysis revealed motor neuron (MN) degeneration, gliosis and hSOD1 protein aggregates in brainstem and spinal cord. Severe skeletal muscle pathology including necrosis and inflammation was observed at the end stage, as well. Remarkably, as in human patients, these Tg pigs showed a quite long presymptomatic phase in which gradually increasing amounts of TDP-43 were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thus, this transgenic swine model opens the unique opportunity to investigate ALS biomarkers even before disease onset other than testing novel drugs and possible medical devices., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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22. Gravimetric quantitative determination of packaging residues in feed from former food.
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Amato G, Desiato R, Giovannini T, Pinotti L, Tretola M, Gili M, and Marchis D
- Subjects
- Animals, Animal Feed analysis, Food Contamination analysis, Food Packaging, Gravitation
- Abstract
Valorisation of former foodstuff products (FFP) in feed is part of a long-term strategy for sustainability. An approach to valorise FFP outside the waste value chain is their use as an alternative source of feed materials, with a subsequent optimisation of the environmental impact of products. In the current practice of food production, food packaging is provided to ensure the maintenance of food quality and safety during transport and storage. One of the problems of reusing FFP is how to deal with packaging materials or remains that can become residues in the feed. The aim of this study is to propose a fast and sensitive gravimetric method, fit for routine official controls, for the determination of packaging residues in feed. The developed method can briefly be summarised as: (1) visual selection of the undesired ingredients which can be identified as remnants of packaging materials; (2) weighing of the selected materials; (3) defatting; (4) dehydration; (5) final weighing; and (6) reporting of weight and percentage. Moreover, the method has been validated through the determination of some of the parameters listed in Council Regulation 2004/882/EC (i.e., specificity, limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery, repeatability, within-laboratory reproducibility and measurement uncertainty).
- Published
- 2017
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23. Estimating canine cancer incidence: findings from a population-based tumour registry in northwestern Italy.
- Author
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Baioni E, Scanziani E, Vincenti MC, Leschiera M, Bozzetta E, Pezzolato M, Desiato R, Bertolini S, Maurella C, and Ru G
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Dog Diseases pathology, Dogs, Female, Incidence, Italy, Male, Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms pathology, Risk Factors, Dog Diseases epidemiology, Neoplasms veterinary, Registries
- Abstract
Background: Canine cancer registry data can be put to good use in epidemiological studies. Quantitative comparison of tumour types may reveal unusual cancer frequencies, providing directions for research and generation of hypotheses of cancer causation in a specific area, and suggest leads for identifying risk factors. Here we report canine cancer incidence rates calculated from a population-based registry in an area without any known specific environmental hazard., Results: In its 90 months of operation from 2001 to 2008 (the observation period in this study), the population-based Piedmont Canine Cancer Registry collected data on 1175 tumours confirmed by histopathological diagnosis. The incidence rate was 804 per 100,000 dog-years for malignant tumours and 897 per 100,000 dog-years for benign tumours. Higher rates for all cancers were observed in purebred dogs, particularly in Yorkshire terrier and Boxer. The most prevalent malignant neoplasms were cutaneous mastocytoma and hemangiopericytoma, and mammary gland complex carcinoma and simplex carcinoma., Conclusions: The Piedmont canine cancer registry is one of few of its kind whose operations have been consistently supported by long-term public funding. The registry-based cancer incidence rates were estimated with particular attention to the validity of data collection, thus minimizing the potential for bias. The findings on cancer incidence rates may provide a reliable reference for comparison studies. Researches conducted on dogs, used as sentinels for community exposure to environmental carcinogens, can be useful to detect excess risks in the incidence of malignant tumours in the human population.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Northwestern Italy: Preparedness from One Season to the Next.
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Verna F, Modesto P, Radaelli MC, Francese DR, Monaci E, Desiato R, Grattarola C, Peletto S, Mosca A, Savini G, Chianese R, Demicheli V, Prearo M, Chiavacci L, Pautasso A, and Casalone C
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Virus Diseases epidemiology, Virus Diseases prevention & control, Viruses genetics, Culicidae, Mosquito Vectors, Virus Diseases transmission
- Abstract
Introduction: Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are spreading worldwide due to globalization and climate change, representing a threat for both humans and animals. Of great concern are the infections caused by viruses belonging to the Flavivirus genus as West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) transmitted by Culex sp. or Dengue virus and Zika virus (ZIKV), transmitted by Aedes sp. This work describes the surveillance protocol enforced in Piedmont (Northwestern Italy) to control MBDs spread, focusing on the activities performed on mosquitoes during the 2015 vector season., Materials and Methods: From July to October, mosquitoes were fortnightly sampled in 50 selected sites according to risk factors with CDC dry ice-baited traps and BG-Sentinel traps baited with BG-Lure and dry ice. Adults were counted, identified to species level, pooled, and screened for flaviviruses using different reverse transcription-PCR protocols and sequencing. Finally, phylogenetic analysis was performed on a dataset including 2014 and 2015 WNV sequences and reference sequences retrieved from GenBank., Results and Discussion: A total of 17,000 mosquitoes, grouped in 730 pools, were tested. Five pools of Culex pipiens were positive for WNV Lineage 2 in Novara, Alessandria, Vercelli, and Torino Provinces. One pool of C. pipiens and one pool of Anopheles maculipennis s.l. were positive for USUV in Vercelli and Alessandria Provinces. In Vercelli Province one pool of C. pipiens resulted positive both for WNV and USUV. Control measures were quickly implemented. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the WNV Lin 2 sequences from Piedmont region cluster with those circulating in Northeastern Italy in the previous years. Given the positive trend in WNV activity compared to 2014 and the emergence caused by other flavivirus as ZIKV, the level of attention for the 2016 vector season may be increased and this surveillance protocol could represent an important tool for public health authorities.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Phenotypical Variability in Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis of Classical and Atypical Forms.
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Corona C, Vallino Costassa E, Iulini B, Caramelli M, Bozzetta E, Mazza M, Desiato R, Ru G, and Casalone C
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform diagnosis, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform pathology, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Scrapie pathology, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform epidemiology, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform etiology
- Abstract
After thirty years, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) still represents the biggest crisis in the field of food safety. Initially detected in the United Kingdom in 1986, BSE spread to many other countries all over the world, involving approximately 200,000 cattle. The origin of BSE is uncertain, but epidemiological studies suggest that the source was cattle feed prepared from prion-infected animal tissues. The implementation of the drastic measures, including the ban of meat and bone meal from livestock feed and the removal of specified risk material from the food chain, has eventually resulted in a significant decline of the epidemic. For many years, it was believed that the disease was caused by transmission of a single prion strain. However, since 2004 two types of BSE, with distinct phenotypical characteristics, have been detected in Italy and France. These atypical types are characterized by distinct Western Blot profiles of abnormal protease-resistant prion protein, named high-type (H-BSE) and low-type (L-BSE). At present, there is no comprehensive information about the origin of the atypical BSEs (sporadic vs. acquired), and data about the pathogenesis of both atypical forms are very limited as compared to the classical type (C-BSE). This chapter will provide a well-organized overview of what is known about classical and atypical BSE. It will review information on the main epidemiological features, pathogenesis, and the criteria for routine diagnosis based on rapid tests, histological, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, a brief overview about the most recently in vitro techniques will be also provided., (© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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26. Detection of West Nile and Usutu Viruses in Italian Free Areas: Entomological Surveillance in Piemonte and Liguria Regions, 2014.
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Pautasso A, Radaelli MC, Ballardini M, Francese DR, Verna F, Modesto P, Grattarola C, Desiato R, Bertolini S, Vitale N, Ferrari A, Rossini I, Accorsi A, Mosca A, Monaco F, Savini G, Prearo M, Mignone W, Chiavacci L, and Casalone C
- Subjects
- Animals, Flavivirus genetics, Horses immunology, Horses virology, Insect Vectors virology, Italy, RNA, Viral analysis, West Nile Fever immunology, West Nile Fever veterinary, West Nile virus genetics, Culicidae virology, Flavivirus isolation & purification, West Nile virus isolation & purification
- Abstract
West Nile virus and Usutu virus have established in different parts of Italy over the past 10 years. Piemonte and Liguria Regions (Northwestern Italy) are known to be nonendemic areas, despite the presence of competent vectors and environmental conditions conducive to maintaining infection. This work evidences for the first time, through an entomological surveillance implemented on the basis of risk factor approach, the presence of West Nile and Usutu viruses in Piemonte and Liguria Regions (Northwestern Italy).
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor candidate genes associated with tuberculosis infection in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).
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Alfano F, Peletto S, Lucibelli MG, Borriello G, Urciuolo G, Maniaci MG, Desiato R, Tarantino M, Barone A, Pasquali P, Acutis PL, and Galiero G
- Subjects
- Animals, Buffaloes, Case-Control Studies, Cattle, Gene Frequency, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Bovine immunology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Toll-Like Receptor 2 genetics, Toll-Like Receptor 4 genetics, Tuberculosis, Bovine genetics
- Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptors play a key role in innate immunity by recognizing pathogens and activating appropriate responses. Pathogens express several signal molecules (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) essential for survival and pathogenicity. Recognition of PAMPs triggers an array of anti-microbial immune responses through the induction of various inflammatory cytokines. The objective of this work was to perform a case-control study to characterize the distribution of polymorphisms in three candidate genes (toll-like receptor 2, toll-like receptor 4, toll-like receptor 9) and to test their role as potential risk factors for tuberculosis infection in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)., Results: The case-control study included 184 subjects, 59 of which resulted positive to both intradermal TB test and Mycobacterium bovis isolation (cases) and 125 resulted negative to at least three consecutive intradermal TB tests. The statistical analysis indicated that two polymorphisms exhibited significant differences in allelic frequencies between cases and controls. Indeed, the TT genotype at TLR9 2340 C > T locus resulted significantly associated with susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis (P = 0.030, OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.05-10.40). One polymorphism resulted significantly associated with resistance to the disease, and included the CC genotype, at the TLR4 672 A > C locus (P = 0.01, OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.08-0.80). Haplotype reconstruction of the TLR2 gene revealed one haplotype (CTTACCAGCGGCCAGTCCC) associated with disease resistance (P = 0.04, OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.27-0.96), including the allelic variant associated with disease resistance., Conclusions: The work describes novel mutations in bubaline TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 genes and presents their association with M. bovis infection. These results will enhance our ability to determine the risk of developing the disease by improving the knowledge of the immune mechanisms involved in host response to mycobacterial infection, and will allow the creation of multiple layers of disease resistance in herds by selective breeding.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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28. Data on milk dioxin contamination linked with the location of fodder croplands allow to hypothesize the origin of the pollution source in an Italian valley.
- Author
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Desiato R, Bertolini S, Baioni E, Crescio MI, Scortichini G, Ubaldi A, Sparagna B, Cuttica G, and Ru G
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Environmental Pollution statistics & numerical data, Italy, Polychlorinated Biphenyls analysis, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins analogs & derivatives, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins analysis, Crops, Agricultural chemistry, Dioxins analysis, Environmental Pollutants analysis, Milk chemistry, Soil Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) have similar toxic, endocrine-disrupting, and carcinogenic activity. They are classified as persistent organic pollutants accumulating in the environment and the tissues of living organisms. High concentrations of PCDD/F and dl-PCB have been detected in bovine milk collected in a Piedmont valley (Northwestern Italy) since 2004. This geographic study describes the local distribution of pollution from PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. Since their presence in animal products could be traced back to the ingestion of contaminated fodder, dioxin levels in cow milk were related to the distribution of fodder cropland parcels. Specifically, the aim of the study was to determine, through an exploratory approach, whether the contamination was consistent with one common point source of contamination or different scattered sources. Data for PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations in the bulk milk from 27 herds, sampled over a 4-year period (2004-2007), were matched to the georeferenced land parcels the dairy farmers used for growing fodder. Isopleth maps of dioxin concentrations were estimated with ordinary kriging. The highest level of pollution for both PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs was geographically juxtaposed: in both instances, the location of the local steel plant was within this extremely highly polluted area. The study results support the hypothesis for one common point source of contamination in the valley. The exploratory spatial analysis applied in this research may provide a valuable, novel approach to straightforward identification of a highly likely source of dioxin contamination of dairy products (even in the absence of top soil contamination data)., (Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Molecular characterization of flaviviruses from field-collected mosquitoes in northwestern Italy, 2011-2012.
- Author
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Rizzo F, Cerutti F, Ballardini M, Mosca A, Vitale N, Radaelli MC, Desiato R, Prearo M, Pautasso A, Casalone C, Acutis P, Peletto S, and Mandola ML
- Subjects
- Animals, Flavivirus genetics, Flavivirus physiology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Italy, Phylogeny, Culicidae virology, Flavivirus isolation & purification
- Abstract
Background: The genus Flavivirus comprises several mosquito-borne species, including the zoonotic pathogens West Nile and Usutu virus, circulating in animals and humans in Italy since 1998. Due to its ecological and geographical features, Piedmont is considered a risk area for flavivirus transmission. Here we report the results of a flavivirus survey (detection and genetic characterization) of mosquitoes collected in Piedmont in 2012 and the genetic characterization of three strains detected in 2011., Methods: Pools of 1-203 mosquitoes, upon RNA extraction with TRIzol, were screened by a PCR assay for a 263 bp fragment of the Flavivirus NS5 gene. All positive samples were tested with a specific PCR for the E protein gene of Usutu virus and a generic Flavivirus RT-nested-PCR for a larger tract of the NS5 gene before sequencing. Phylogenetic trees were built with both NS5 fragments of representative Flavivirus species. DNA extracts of part of the positive pools were tested to detect sequences integrated in the host genome., Results: Thirty-four mosquito pools resulted positive for flaviviruses, and twenty-five flavivirus sequences underwent phylogenetic analysis for the short NS5 fragment. Among the 19 sequences correlating with the insect-specific flavivirus group, ten samples, retrieved from Aedes albopictus, clustered within Aedes flavivirus, while the other nine aggregated in a separate clade composed of strains from various mosquito species (mainly Aedes vexans) from Piedmont and the Czech Republic. Six out of these nine also presented a DNA form of the sequence. The remaining sequences belonged to the mosquito-borne group: four, all from Culex pipiens, correlated to Italian Usutu virus strains, whereas two, from Ochlerotatus caspius, were highly similar to Marisma mosquito virus (MMV)., Conclusions: Our findings confirm the circulation of Usutu virus and of the potentially zoonotic Marisma mosquito virus in Piedmont. This is the first detection of Aedes flavivirus in Piedmont. Finally, further evidence for the integration of Flavivirus nucleic acid into the host genome has been shown. These results underline the importance of continuing intense mosquito-based surveillance in Piedmont, supported by a mosquito control program in areas at high risk for human exposure.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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30. [Environmental micropollutants in livestock products from Susa Valley, Piedmont].
- Author
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Desiato R, Baioni E, Cuttica G, Sparagna B, Berruto P, Abete MC, Bertolini S, Maurella C, Caramelli M, Chiavacci L, and Ru G
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Industrial Waste, Italy, Metallurgy, Muscle, Skeletal chemistry, Time Factors, Carcinogens, Environmental analysis, Dioxins analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants analysis, Food Contamination analysis, Furans analysis, Meat analysis, Milk chemistry, Polychlorinated Biphenyls analysis
- Abstract
Objective: to describe the contamination due to dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs of cattle dairy and meat products in cattle herds from Susa Valley (Piedmont) since the second half of 2004., Design: descriptive study based on a biomonitoring campaign on bovine bulk milk and muscle., Setting and Participants: the official samplings have been carried out between 2004 and 2010: the dataset refers to 99 mass milk samples and 24 muscle samples from 51 cattle herds based in 23 municipalities of the valley., Main Outcome Measures: counts and frequencies of samples exceeding either the maximum levels or the action levels set by the European legislation; moreover relative distributions of congeners (profiles) were considered., Results: DL-PCBs showed median concentration values double when compared with dioxins values and a couple of congeners (2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 118 DL-PCB) were particularly abundant. More than 60% of both the milk samples and herds exceeded the action levels with the involvement of 10 municipalities most of which located nearby a local steel smelter. The DL-PCB values in milk were associated with the distance of each herd from the steel plant. However, the temporal trend highlights a clear decrease of the contamination over the 2004-2010 period, when the plant was renewed and the production levels where negatively impacted by the global economical crisis., Conclusion: the findings of the monitoring activity allowed the understanding of the origin and the spatio-temporal evolution of the contamination: this knowledge may be helpful in orienting future controls and the risk mitigation strategies.
- Published
- 2012
31. Percutaneous retrieval of a broken catheter from the pulmonary artery.
- Author
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Mautone A, Pitscheider W, and Desiato R
- Subjects
- Catheterization, Central Venous instrumentation, Equipment Failure, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Catheterization, Central Venous adverse effects, Foreign Bodies, Pulmonary Artery injuries
- Abstract
We describe a case regarding the percutaneous retrieval of a broken catheter from the pulmonary artery of a 54-year-old female patient in which we successfully used a "Goose Neck" snare. The analysis of relevant literature and the successful outcome of the case confirm that the percutaneous retrieval of a foreign body is a feasible, sure, and effective procedure.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. [Castleman's lymphoma: description of a case with parotid localization].
- Author
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Cavallaro A, Desiato R, Fabiano A, Manni R, and Di Giovanni V
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Castleman Disease pathology, Castleman Disease surgery, Parotid Neoplasms pathology, Parotid Neoplasms surgery
- Published
- 1985
33. [Postoperative complications in surgery of gastric cancer].
- Author
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Cavallaro A, Desiato R, Manni R, Mantovani M, and Di Giovanni V
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Gastrectomy, Gastroenterostomy, Humans, Laparotomy, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, Stomach Neoplasms surgery
- Published
- 1985
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