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In this paper, a hexa-slot wheel shaped fractal antenna is proposed for UWB applications. Fractal structure (wheel shaped hexa slots) is developed by inscribing hexagons and circles inside a circular patch monopole antenna. Then, orthogonal MIMO antenna with polarization diversity is proposed that operates from 1.39 to 15.18 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 13.79 GHz. Its performance is analyzed at three resonant frequencies 5.8 GHz, 8.3 GHz, and 10 GHz. It exhibits good diversity performance with ECC < 0.035, DG very close to 10, isolation > 35 dB, CCL < 0.35 bits/s/Hz values. The proposed MIMO fractal antenna achieved an average radiation efficiency of 83.11% with 3.26 dB maximum peak gain. TARC characteristics and time domain behavior using group delay are also examined. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement, and hence the proposed MIMO antenna with polarization diversity is well suitable for UWB applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic inflammatory lesions (CIL) in the body are rare and inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a subtype of CIL. Spine is an uncommon location of CIL, with most cases reported in the thoracic spine. Our objective was to review the current literature on IPT. To the best of our knowledge only about 13 cases are reported till date. A retrospective review of 13 existing cases was done. The etiopathogenesis of CIL is uncertain and total surgical excision remains the mainstay. It's a diagnosis of exclusion after ruling out commonly found lesions, both clinically and radiologically. Only histopathology can confirm the diagnosis. Total surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment with adjuvant treatment only if there is a residue or a recurrence. CILs are rare lesions in the body with IPT being the commonest. Surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment and a long-term follow up is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 53-year-old, non-diabetic lady was evaluated for worsening breathlessness over the past 1 year. She was diagnosed with a lung lesion a year ago, but the prevailing COVID-19 situation prevented her from seeking further evaluation. She began to have early morning episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia over the previous 4 months, which were relieved with dextrose infusions. The evaluation showed low insulin, low C-peptide, and high insulin-like growth factor-2 to insulin-like growth factor-1 ratio. High-resolution computed tomography scan of the thorax showed a 19.5 cm x 16.6 cm x 23.8 cm mass in the left hemithorax, and a microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen of which was consistent with the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor. The patient underwent sternotomy with left anterior thoracotomy with successful excision of the fibrous tumor. Post-operatively, histopathological diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor was confirmed. There were no further episodes of hypoglycemia, and the patient was completely recovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a fatal case of encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba in a 24-year-old woman from India with systemic lupus erythematosus. Diagnosis was made by identification of amebas in brain sections [...]

ABSTRACT Inflammatory pseudotumour (inflammatory myofibroblastoma, plasma cell granuloma) is a rare benign lesion in adults and children. It frequently simulates a true neoplasm both clinically and morphologically, presenting a diagnostic [...]

Aim: To determine the incidence and risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with ulcerative colitis from a low prevalence region for CRC., Methods: Our prospective database yielded a cohort of 430 patients [age: 44 ± 14.6 years; 248 men (57.7%)] with ulcerative colitis (median disease duration 6, range: 1-39 years) for analysis. Of these, 131 (30.5%) had left-sided colitis and 159 (37%) extensive colitis. Patients with histologically confirmed CRC within the segment with colitis were compared with those without CRC, to determine the risk factors for the development of CRC., Results: Twelve patients (2.8%) developed CRC. The overall incidence density was 3.56/1000 patient-years of disease - 3/1000 in the first 10 years, 3.3/1000 at 10 to 20 years, and 7/1000 at > 20 years. Three of our 12 patients developed CRC within 8 years of disease onset. On univariate analysis, extensive colitis, longer duration of disease, and poor control of disease were associated with development of CRC. On multivariate analysis, duration of disease and extent of colitis remained significant., Conclusion: CRC occurred in 2.8% of patients with ulcerative colitis in our population - an incidence density similar to that in Western countries in spite of a low overall prevalence of colon cancer in our population. The risk increased with extent and duration of disease.

A 74 year old male patient with weight loss, diarrohea, loss of appetite, anemia, thrombocytopenia and culture negative endocarditis was diagnosed to have Whipple's disease. We are reporting this case, as it is a rare disease with fewer than 1000 validated cases reported in literature.

We present a rare disease condition Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in a 33-year-old male. He was born of a consanguineous marriage, had occulo-cutaneous albinism, nystagmus, decreased visual acuity, refractory errors, pulmonary fibrosis and granulomatous inflammation of the colon. In spite of all the classical features of this genetic disorder he was labeled to have disseminated tuberculous infection with a drug resistant strain for many years till the actual diagnosis was made on the basis of a strong clinical suspicion. We report this rare condition which might be misdiagnosed as tuberculosis.

Context: Pancreatic tuberculosis and peripancreatic tuberculous lymphadenitis are rare, mimicking various pathologies of the pancreas. The coexistence of peri-ampullary malignancy with peripancreatic tuberculous lymphadenitis has not been reported., Case Report: We present the case of a young woman who had been operated on with a preoperative diagnosis of peri-ampullary adenocarcinoma in whom a frozen section of regional lymph nodes revealed tuberculosis. The final pathology confirmed the co-existence of tuberculosis with malignancy. The patient made an uneventful recovery., Conclusion: In countries with high endemicity for tuberculosis, the co-existence of malignancy and tuberculosis should be considered and resection, which is the only chance for cure, should not be abandoned due to observations based solely on frozen sections.

Introduction: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a well-defined entity in the West but there are sparse Indian data on this disease., Aim: To study the clinical profile and response to treatment of Indian patients with AIH., Methods: This is a part retrospective and part prospective study of 50 patients (median age 48 years, range 11-82; 43 women) seen between 1995 to 2001, diagnosed to have AIH as per the revised scoring system. Clinical and laboratory profile, response to treatment, and complications of treatment were analyzed., Results: AIH accounted for 6% of all patients with liver disease seen during the period. The presenting symptoms were gastrointestinal in 43 and non-gastrointestinal in 7, with median symptom duration of 6 months (range 2 weeks to 40 years). Forty patients (80%) had chronic liver disease. Associated illnesses were present in 28 patients. Twenty-six patients were classified as definite and the rest as probable AIH. Forty-nine patients had Type 1 AIH. Five patients had overlap syndrome. Forty-five patients (90%) received immunosuppressive therapy. Twelve of 18 patients receiving only prednisolone and 21 of 27 patients receiving prednisolone and azathioprine combination responded. Thirteen (26%) patients had therapy-related complications (infectious 5, non infectious 8) with two treatment-related deaths., Conclusion: Type 1 AIH was the predominant type of AIH. The majority of patients with AIH presented with chronic liver disease. There was good response to immunosuppressive therapy. Therapy-related complications occurred in one-fourth of patients.