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331 results on '"Deshaies Y"'

14. Energy balance and lipid metabolism in transgenic mice bearing an antisense GCR gene construct

Author

Richard, D., Chapdelaine, S., Deshaies, Y., Pepin, M.-C., and Barden, N.

Subjects
Genetically modified mice -- Analysis, Lipoprotein lipase -- Analysis, Oxygen consumption -- Measurement, Biological sciences
Abstract

The transgenic mice having an antisense glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) gene construct which impairs the normal expression of the GCR gene is studied to determine the energy balance and lipid metabolism. Fifteen days before the decapitation of adulat normal transgenic mice, the food intake is recorded and the feces are collected to determine the digestive energy intake. The measurement of the continuous oxygen consumption enabled the estimation of the energy expenditure. The energy balance through increasing energetic efficiency is caused by the GCR system.

Published
1993

16. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activation favours selective subcutaneous lipid deposition by coordinately regulating lipoprotein lipase modulators, fatty acid transporters and lipogenic enzymes

Author

Blanchard, P. G., Turcotte, V., Cote, M., Gelinas, Y., Nilsson, S., Olivecrona, Gunilla, Deshaies, Y., Festuccia, W. T., Blanchard, P. G., Turcotte, V., Cote, M., Gelinas, Y., Nilsson, S., Olivecrona, Gunilla, Deshaies, Y., and Festuccia, W. T.

Abstract

Aim: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ activation is associated with preferential lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated fatty acid storage in peripheral subcutaneous fat depots. How PPARγ agonism acts upon the multi-level modulation of depot-specific lipid storage remains incompletely understood. Methods: We evaluated herein triglyceride-derived lipid incorporation into adipose tissue depots, LPL mass and activity, mRNA levels and content of proteins involved in the modulation of LPL activity and fatty acid transport, and the expression/activity of enzymes defining adipose tissue lipogenic potential in rats treated with the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone (30 mg kg−1 day−1, 23 days) after either a 10-h fasting period or a 17-h fast followed by 6 h of ad libitum refeeding. Results: Rosiglitazone stimulated lipid accretion in subcutaneous fat (SF) ~twofold and significantly reduced that of visceral fat (VF) to nearly half. PPARγ activation selectively increased LPL mass, activity and the expression of its chaperone LMF1 in SF. In VF, rosiglitazone had no effect on LPL activity and downregulated the mRNA levels of the transendothelial transporter GPIHBP1. Overexpression of lipid uptake and fatty acid transport proteins (FAT/CD36, FATP1 and FABP4) and stimulation of lipogenic enzyme activities (GPAT, AGPAT and DGAT) upon rosiglitazone treatment were of higher magnitude in SF. Conclusions: Together these findings demonstrate that the depot-specific transcriptional control of LPL induced by PPARγ activation extends to its key interacting proteins and post-translational modulators to favour subcutaneous lipid storage.

Published
2016
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22. Reduced adipose tissue triglyceride synthesis and increased muscle fatty acid oxidation in C5L2 knockout mice

Author

Paglialunga, S.A., Paglialunga, S.A., Schrauwen, P., Roy, C., Moonen-Kornips, E., Lu, H., Hesselink, M.K., Deshaies, Y., Richard, D., Cianflone, K., Paglialunga, S.A., Paglialunga, S.A., Schrauwen, P., Roy, C., Moonen-Kornips, E., Lu, H., Hesselink, M.K., Deshaies, Y., Richard, D., and Cianflone, K.

Abstract

Activation of C5L2, a G-protein-coupled receptor, by acylation-stimulating protein/complement C3adesArg (ASP/C3adesArg) has been shown to stimulate triglyceride (TG) synthesis in both mature adipocytes and preadipocytes. ASP is an adipocyte-derived hormone that acts by increasing diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity and glucose transport. ASP-deficient mice (C3KO, precursor protein) are lean, display delayed postprandial TG clearance, increased food intake, and increased energy expenditure. The present study shows that C5L2KO mice on a low fat diet are hyperphagic (~60% increase in total food intake) yet maintain the same body weight and adipose tissue mass as wild-type (WT) controls. However, on a high fat diet, average adipocyte size and adipose tissue TG/DNA content were significantly reduced and postprandial TG clearance was delayed in C5L2KO. Adipose tissue TG synthesis (WT: 47.2 +/- 5.6 versus C5L2KO: 7.8 +/- 1.8 pmol/mug protein, P < 0.001), TG lipolysis (WT: 227.6 +/- 36.4 versus C5L2KO: 45.8 +/- 5.0 nmol/mug protein, P < 0.001), and fatty acid re-esterification (WT: 85.3 +/- 2.4% versus C5L2KO: 59.5 +/- 6.8%, P < 0.001) were significantly reduced in C5L2KO mice. Indirect calorimetry measurements revealed C5L2KO mice have unchanged oxygen consumption levels yet reduced respiratory quotient value, suggesting preferential fatty acid utilization over carbohydrate. In agreement, fatty acid oxidation was elevated in heart and skeletal muscle tissue in C5L2KO mice and skeletal muscle levels of uncoupling protein 3 (425.5 +/- 86.3%, P < 0.0001), CD36 (277.6 +/- 49.5%, P < 0.05), cytochrome c (252.6 +/- 33.9%, P < 0.05), and phospho-acetyl CoA carboxylase (118.4 +/- 9.3%, P < 0.05) were significantly increased in C5L2KO mice versus WT (100%). The study shows that in response to reduced TG storage in white adipose tissue, C5L2KO mice have developed a compensatory mechanism of increased muscle fat oxidation.

Published
2007

31. 92 Treatment planning comparison of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, 3D conformal radiotherapy, and helical tomotherapy for benign tumours in the base of skull

Author

Cheung, A., primary, Malone, S., additional, Szanto, J., additional, Clark, B., additional, MacPherson, M., additional, Nyiri, B., additional, Fox, G., additional, Montgomery, L., additional, Carty, K., additional, Deshaies, Y., additional, Zohr, R., additional, and Spaans, J., additional

Published
2006
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48. DUSP1 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Obesity-Related Metabolic Complications among Severely Obese Patients and Impact on Gene Methylation and Expression.

Author

Guénard, F., Bouchard, L., Tchernof, A., Deshaies, Y., Hould, F. S., Lebel, S., Marceau, P., Pérusse, L., and Vohl, M. C.

Subjects
OBESITY complications, METABOLIC syndrome, METHYLATION, GENETIC polymorphisms, GENE expression, PHOSPHATASES
Abstract

TheDUSP1 gene encodes a member of the dual-specificity phosphatase family previously identified as being differentially expressed in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of severely obesemen with versus without the metabolic syndrome. Objective. To test the association betweenDUSP1 polymorphisms, obesity-relatedmetabolic complications, gene methylation, and expression levels inVAT. Methods. The DUSP1 locus and promoter region were sequenced in 25 individuals. SNPs were tested for association with obesity-related complications in a cohort of more than 1900 severely obese individuals. The impact of SNPs on methylation levels of 36 CpG sites and correlations between DNA methylation and gene expression levels in VAT were computed in a subset of 14 samples. Results. Heterozygotes for rs881150 had lowerHDL-cholesterol levels (HDL-C; P= 0.01), and homozygotes for theminor allele of rs13184134 and rs7702178 had increased fasting glucose levels (P= 0.04 and 0.01, resp.). rs881150 was associated with methylation levels of CpG sites located ~1250 bp upstream the transcription start site. Methylation levels of 4 CpG sites were inversely correlated with DUSP1 gene expression. Conclusion. These results suggest that DUSP1 polymorphismsmodulate plasma glucose andHDL-C levels in obese patients possibly through alterations of DNA methylation and gene expression levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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