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2. Comment on Matomäki et al: Better Understand the Methods of Exercise-Dose Quantification Before Addressing the Issue of Protocol Equalization.

Author

Desgorces, François-Denis and Noirez, Philippe

Subjects
EXERCISE physiology, HIGH-intensity interval training, EXERCISE intensity, DOSE-response relationship in biochemistry, PHYSICAL fitness, ENDURANCE sports training, TIME
Abstract

The article comments on an article on the methods of exercise-dose quantification in 2024. It cites the methodological bias in confusing the dose with the response or quantifying it according to the expected response to later study a possible dose-response relationship, and the need to consider the influence of intensity change on the exercise duration and the intensity-duration relationship in quantifying doses. Also noted is the proposal on quantifying high- and low-intensity exercises.

Published
2025
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14. Similar slow down in running speed progression in species under human pressure

Author

Desgorces, François-Denis, Berthelot, Geoffroy, Charmantier, Anne, Tafflet, Muriel, Schaal, Karine, Jarne, Philippe, Toussaint, Jean-François, Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Institut de recherche biomédicale et d’épidémiologie du sport (IRMES - EA 7329), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
phenotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], running, [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, physical performance
Abstract

International audience; Running speed in animals depends on both genetic and environmental conditions. Maximal speeds were here analysed in horses, dogs and humans using data sets on the 10 best performers covering more than a century of races. This includes a variety of distances in humans (200–1500 m). Speed has been progressing fast in the three species, and this has been followed by a plateau. Based on a Gompertz model, the current best performances reach 97.4% of maximal velocity in greyhounds to 100.3 in humans. Further analysis based on a subset of individuals and using an ‘animal model’ shows that running speed is heritable in horses (h2 = 0.438, P = 0.01) and almost so in dogs (h2 = 0.183, P = 0.08), suggesting the involvement of genetic factors. Speed progression in humans is more likely due to an enlarged population of runners, associated with improved training practices. The analysis of a data subset (40 last years in 800 and 1500 m) further showed that East Africans have strikingly improved their speed, now reaching the upper part of the human distribution, whereas that of Nordic runners stagnated in the 800 m and even declined in the 1500 m. Although speed progression in dogs and horses on one side and humans on the other has not been affected by the same genetic/environmental balance of forces, it is likely that further progress will be extremely limited.

Published
2012
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15. Fiabilité et validation de la batterie de tests physiques Diagnoform

Author

Mouraby, Rémy, Tafflet, Muriel, Nassif, Hala, Toussaint, Jean-François, Desgorces, François-Denis, INSEP, documentation, Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Université Paris Descartes - UFR de Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives de Paris (STAPS) (UPD5 STAPS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre d'Investigation en Médecine du sport (CIMS), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu

Subjects
Aptitude physique, Validation, [SHS.SPORT.ITS] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport engineering and technology, Population assessment, Évaluation en population, Physical capacity, [SHS.SPORT.ITS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport engineering and technology, Validity
Abstract

Aim : To assess the reproducibility and relevancy of the tests that composed the Diagnoform physical fitness estimation procedure.Methods and results : We studied 183 subjects twice, who were divided into groups of age and physical activity intensity. Correlations between both sessions have been calculated. Reproducibilities are good to very good. Some correlation coefficients show strong relationships between tests involving muscular power suggesting a possible redundancy in the assessment of this capacity. Conclusion Diagnoform is an efficient tool to assess the level of physical fitness in populations., Objectif : Mesurer la reproductibilité et la pertinence des tests proposés par le protocole d'évaluation des capacités physiques Diagnoform. Patients et résultats : Cent quatre-vingt-trois sujets répartis par groupes d'âge et d'activité physique ont été évalués à deux reprises et les corrélations entre chaque test ont été calculées. La reproductibilité des tests est bonne à très bonne. Certains coefficients montrent une relation forte entre les tests mettant en jeu la puissance musculaire, suggérant une redondance dans l'évaluation de cette capacité. Conclusion : La méthode Diagnoform est un outil efficace pour satisfaire aux objectifs d'évaluation de l'état de forme des populations.

Published
2012
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16. Monitoring fitness levels and detecting implications for health on a large scale of the general population

Author

Nassif, Hala, Sedeaud, Adrien, Abidh, Elisa, Schipman, Julien, Tafflet, Muriel, Deschamps, Thibault, Maillet, Hervé, OVIGNEUR, Hervé, Desgorces, François-Denis, Toussaint, Jean-François, Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Institut de recherche biomédicale et d’épidémiologie du sport (IRMES - EA 7329), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), INSEP, documentation, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), and Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
model, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SHS.SPORT.PS] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, physical fitness, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], physical activity, [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, promotion
Abstract

International audience; Objective: To analyze the physical fitness level of 31 133 French citizens aged between 8 and 60 years old and represent the performances through a bi-exponential model.Methods: We collected data from 231 events that took place in French regions between 2006 and 2010 and analyzed participation and physical fitness using a simple series of tests. We assessed outcome measures in relation to age and BMI using Spearman Rho, a one way ANOVA and a bi-exponential model.Results: Our major results showed higher performances for men and for subjects with normal BMI at all age groups except for the flexibility test. Body mass index is strongly correlated across all ages with physical fitness p < 0.0001. Those results are in accordance with the literature. Furthermore, through a biexponential model, a mean peak performance was identified at 26.32 years old for men and 22.18 years old for women.Conclusion: Physical fitness assessment using simple tests is applicable on the general population and is correlated to age, BMI and health status. The application of a bi-exponential model offers a global approach to monitor public health.

Published
2012

17. LOCAL MUSCULAR ENDURANCE AND PREDICTION OF 1 REPETITION MAXIMUM FOR BENCH PRESS LIFT IN DIFFERENT ATHLETIC POPULATIONS

Author

Desgorces, François-Denis, Berthelot, Geoffroy, Dietrich, Gilles, Testa, Marc, Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Institut de recherche biomédicale et d’épidémiologie du sport (IRMES - EA 7329), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Université Paris Descartes - UFR de Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives de Paris (STAPS) (UPD5 STAPS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), and INSEP, documentation

Subjects
[SHS.SPORT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, prediction equation, maximal strength, [SHS.SPORT.PS] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, [SHS.SPORT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport, [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, training adaptations
Abstract

International audience; Desgorces,AU1FD, Berthelot, G, Dietrich, G, and Testa, M. Localmuscular endurance and prediction of the 1 repetition maximumfor bench press lift in different athletic populations. J StrengthCond Res 24(x):000–000, 2009—The aim of this study was todetermine a predictive equation of 1 repetition maximum (1RM)from local muscular endurance. Different athletic male populationswere assessed: racket/ball games players (n = 31),power lifters (n = 22), swimmers (n = 28), and rowers (n = 29).After the 1RM assessment for the bench press, the maximumnumber of repetitions (MNR) relative to the 1RM (85%, 75%,60%, 40%, and 20%) was tested. No significant differences instrength evolution from 20% to 100% of the 1RM was foundbetween power lifters and racket/ball games players andbetween swimmers and rowers. However, differences in thestrength evolution appeared between these 2 mixed groups(p , 0.01), with differences appearing from 75% of 1RM tolesser relative strength (p , 0.05). Nonlinear equations fittedbest with the actual data for the capacity to repeat lifts. Theevolution of strength from 100% to 20% of 1RM was betterdescribed when the groups’ specific equations were used asdemonstrated by r2, and residuals range between the predictedminus the measured 1RM. The short evolution of strength(100%–75% of 1RM) was adequately modelled by the equationbased on the total population sample. The accuracy of the1RM prediction was better when a reduced number of lifts wasperformed. For untrained or novice subjects, the use of groups’specific equation for all evolution of strengths allows for a goodestimate of 1RM and provides adequate numbers of lifts for alllevels of strength, thus optimizing the training programs.

Published
2009

18. Local muscular endurance and prediction of 1 repetition maximum for bench in 4 athletic populations

Author

Desgorces, François Denis, Berthelot, Geoffroy, Dietrich, Gilles, Testa, Marc, Desgorces, François Denis, Berthelot, Geoffroy, Dietrich, Gilles, and Testa, Marc

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine a predictive equation of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) from local muscular endurance. Different athletic male populations were assessed: racket/ball games players (n = 31), power lifters (n = 22), swimmers (n = 28), and rowers (n = 29). After the 1RM assessment for the bench press, the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) relative to the 1RM (85%, 75%, 60%, 40%, and 20%) was tested. No significant differences in strength evolution from 20% to 100% of the 1RM was found between power lifters and racket/ball games players and between swimmers and rowers. However, differences in the strength evolution appeared between these 2 mixed groups (p < 0.01), with differences appearing from 75% of 1RM to lesser relative strength (p < 0.05). Nonlinear equations fitted best with the actual data for the capacity to repeat lifts. The evolution of strength from 100% to 20% of 1RM was better described when the groups' specific equations were used as demonstrated by r2, and residuals range between the predicted minus the measured 1RM. The strength endurance competences for high loads (100%-75%) were adequately modelled by the equation based on the total population. The accuracy of the 1RM prediction was better when a reduced number of lifts was performed. For untrained or novice subjects, the use of group-specific equations for the all evolutionary profile of strength allows a good estimate of 1RM and provides adequate numbers of lifts for all levels of strength, thus optimizing the training programs.

Published
2010

19. Limitation simultanée des capacités maximales de course chez l'homme et deux modèles d'expérimentation évolutive animale

Author

Desgorces, François Denis and Desgorces, François Denis

Abstract

Nous nous sommes penchés sur des modèles animaux : les courses de chevaux et de lévriers. Cependant, l’adaptation de ces modèles animaux est soumise à un environnement humain en matière de condition de vie comme en matière d’entraînement, et à un élevage sélectif, qui est reconnu comme accélérant le processus d’adaptation des espèces. Or chez l’homme, cette adaptation se produit uniquement en réaction à l’environnement. Nos objectifs étaient d’estimer les capacités d’adaptation de l’homme, puis d’identifier les influences respectives de l’environnement et des facteurs génétiques dans cette progression de vitesse, sur les 40 dernières années.

Published
2010

24. Success and Decline

Author

GUILLAUME, MARION, primary, LEN, STEPHANE, additional, TAFFLET, MURIEL, additional, QUINQUIS, LAURENT, additional, MONTALVAN, BERNARD, additional, SCHAAL, KARINE, additional, NASSIF, HALA, additional, DESGORCES, FRANÇOIS DENIS, additional, and TOUSSAINT, JEAN-FRANÇOIS, additional

Published
2011
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25. Athlete Atypicity on the Edge of Human Achievement: Performances Stagnate after the Last Peak, in 1988

Author

Berthelot, Geoffroy, primary, Tafflet, Muriel, additional, El Helou, Nour, additional, Len, Stéphane, additional, Escolano, Sylvie, additional, Guillaume, Marion, additional, Nassif, Hala, additional, Tolaïni, Julien, additional, Thibault, Valérie, additional, Desgorces, François Denis, additional, Hermine, Olivier, additional, and Toussaint, Jean-François, additional

Published
2010
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28. Training-level induced changes in blood parameters response to on-water rowing races.

Author

Desgorces, François Denis, Testa, Marc, and Petibois, Cyril

Subjects
*ROWING, *PHYSICAL fitness, *ATHLETES, *FATTY acids, *TRIGLYCERIDES, *PHYSIOLOGY
Abstract

The study investigated blood markers allowing discriminating physiological responses to on-water rowing races, notably regarding training volume of athletes and race duration. College (COL) and national (NAT) rowers performed a 1000- or 2000-m race. Capillary blood samples obtained before and post-race allowed an analysis of a wide range of serum parameters. COL rowers had a lower rowing experience and training volume than NAT. Races induced a higher lactate concentration increase in NAT compared to COL (10.45 ± 0.45 vs 13.05 ± 0.60; p < 0.001). Race distance (2000 vs. 1000 m) induced a higher increase in fatty acids (0.81 ± 0.31 vs +0.67 ± 0.41; p < 0.05) and triglycerides concentration in NAT (0.33 ± 0.07 vs 0.15 ± 0.09; p < 0.01), but remained comparable between NAT and COL for the 1000-m races. Amino acids concentrations increased in NAT (0.19 ± 0.03, p < 0.01), but urea concentration increased only for NAT rowers having performed the 2000-m race (0.72 ± 0.22, p < 0.05). Transferrin concentration decreased after the 2000-m race (-0.60 ± 0.25, p < 0.05), and concentration changes of haptoglobin differed between NAT2000 (tendency to be reduced) and COL (tendency to by enhanced) (p < 0.05). Our results confirmed that the training level in rowing is associated with higher glycolysis utilization during maximal 1000- and 2000-m exercise and no difference for similarly trained subjects at these two distances. Our study also demonstrated that a 2000-m race could initiate fatty and amino-acid metabolisms in highly trained subjects. Therefore, these changes in blood parameter responses to a characteristic rowing exercise highlighted the importance of monitoring the physiological effects of training in sporting conditions and according to individual characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

29. Current methods for the exercise dose equalization in resistance training drive to markedly different session-induced efforts.

Author

Grek M, Testa M, Toussaint JF, Renfree A, and Desgorces FD

Abstract

Background: Effects comparison of resistance exercises may require equalizing the exercise-induced dose, this is currently done by using methods based on total weight lifted or on sets performed until failure. Dose equalization of resistance training sessions by these methods was analyzed in the present study., Methods: Twelve trained participants performed five bench-press sessions with a similar relative endpoint determined by the inability to complete a set of 50% of the maximum repetitions number (MNR). Sessions were performed at 50 or 85% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) with sets until failure or sets prescribing 50% of MNR. The last session was performed with a reduced recovery pause to match the exercise density (total weight lifted/pause duration) of a previous session., Results: Sessions resulted in different total weight lifted (3158±1592 kg at 85% of 1-RM vs. 5330±1967 at 50%, P<0.001) and number of sets until failure (5.1±1.9 at 85% of 1-RM vs. 2.9±1.1 at 50%, P<0.001). Matching of sessions' density suppressed the differences in the number of sets performed (P=0.50)., Conclusions: Protocols' equalization based on the total weight lifted is likely to result in exercise volumes close to maximums when performed with heavy loads, whereas equalization based on sets to failure could induce a sets number close to the maximum when performed with light loads. Current methods for protocols equalization rely on gross values of exercise volume without considering maximums, that can result in markedly unbalanced efforts and biased results. Prescribing each exercise volume according to its maximum might optimize the training protocols' equalization.

Published
2024
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30. Training load and intensity distribution for sprinting among world-class track cyclists.

Author

Desgorces FD, Slawinski J, Bertucci W, Rousseau F, Toussaint JF, and Noirez P

Subjects
Humans, Retrospective Studies, Athletes, Bicycling, Exercise, Resistance Training
Abstract

Background: Only few studies analyzed real training programs of sprinters while that should be a valuable step in the understanding of sprint training. The present study aimed at characterizing track cycling sprinter training by training load and intensity distribution., Methods: Twenty-nine weeks of prechampionship training data were retrospectively analyzed for 6 world-class athletes. Training load was measured by the ratio of volume completed to maximal volume and categorized by five intensity zones (endurance: zones1-2; sprinting: zones3-5) and exercise type (on-bike or resistance). Intra-week (training monotony) and inter-week (acute-chronic workload ratio) variation was also studied., Results: On-bike training represented 77.4±15.3% of total training load; resistance training, 22.6±15.2% (note high standard deviation). Total weekly training load significantly varied (P=0.0002) with high acute-chronic workload ratio (12.0±3.2 weeks >1.5 or <0.8), but low intra-week variations (training monotony, 1.81±0.20). Zone4 and zone5 made up 74.4±16.9% of total training load; zone1, 15.8±11%. Training load was seldom in zone2 (6.4±5.3%) or zone3 (3.3±4.2%). From the first to the second half of the period, zone3-4 training load decreased (39.3±3.3 to 27.4±1.7%; P=0.01), while zone5 increased (34.9±2.4 to 50±3.7%; P=0.002)., Conclusions: In this reduced group of elite athletes, training appeared to mainly consist of on-bike exercises within the highest intensity zones. As demonstrated by monotony and acute-chronic workload ratio overloading and unloading are based on high variations over weeks, not days. Essentially, this study describes a polarized intensity distribution on the highest intensities which increased with world championships approach.

Published
2023
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