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The article is devoted to the problems of prevention of military criminal offences in Ukraine in the context of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine. The author analyses the existing approaches to the definition of the concept of «military criminal offence» in the criminal law system of Ukraine and offers the author's own definition. The author examines the peculiarities of military crimes and their difference from war crimes. Attention is focused on the negative impact of military criminal offences on the combat capability of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, discipline and order in the troops, as well as on the security of the State as a whole. The author highlights the problems of prevention of military criminal offences under martial law. The current legislation of Ukraine on military criminal offences is analysed. The author examines the ways of preventing military criminal offences, including national and individual measures, taking into account the specifics of wartime. National measures include strengthening national unity and patriotism, ensuring social protection of servicemen and their families, raising the level of legal awareness of the military and improving the military justice system. Individual measures include identification of high-risk servicemen, psychological work and individual educational work. It is emphasized that the ways to prevent the commission of military criminal offences in today's conditions require adaptation to the realities of wartime. The author identifies the priority areas of prevention of military criminal offences in wartime, which are aimed at strengthening the combat capability of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and ensuring the stability of the State in the context of a full-scale invasion. The author emphasises the importance of an integrated approach, coordination of efforts of all responsible structures and support of society in combating military criminal offences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the article, the authors undertake a research in order to elucidate the causes and circumstances of leaving the battlefield by Russian soldiers, who deserted en masse from the Soviet Army during the Second World War and went over to the side of the enemy. Thus, it is mentioned that in the year 1941 many soldiers were in the prime of life among those who suffered as a result of the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, the fight against kulaks, the сossacks as well as other repressions, so it is not surprising that many Soviet soldiers passed on the side of the enemy. Moreover, during more than two decades there was also an extensive purge process within the Soviet Army with the aim of eliminating soldiers disloyal to the regime. In this regard, the cases of desertion, complicity in desertion and instigation to desertion committed by ethnic Russians enlisted in the Soviet Army are presented. Among them, there were self-mutilated soldiers and others who faked illnesses to avoid mobilization and military service during the war. They used such methods to avoid going to the front. Under these conditions, representatives of various peoples of the USSR, including Bessarabians, were enlisted to replace Russian deserters in the Soviet Army. Therefore, the truth is that Russian soldiers were committing crimes on the territory of Bessarabia and Romania while many of our compatriots were fighting on the fronts of the Second World War.

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the engagement of Jews in the Polish army during the interwar period, with particular attention to the nascent Second Polish Republic. The inception of Jewish involvement in Polish military units can be traced back to World War I, where a considerable number participated in the Polish Legions aligned with Austria-Hungary and later in the Polish army during the Polish-Bolshevik War. The cessation of hostilities marked the transition of the army to peacetime operations and the gradual implementation of general military conscription. Commencing in 1921, Jews were conscripted into the army, constituting approximately 4 to 7% of the total force in different years. Attempts by Jews to evade military service were not uncommon, often involving the bribery of officers in district recruitment units or personnel in medical examination commissions. However, if deemed suitable for service, they were obligated to report to designated locations for deployment. The majority of Jewish recruits were assigned to infantry, cavalry, and artillery units, with only a minority serving in sanitary, engineering, and sapper troops. Aviation, gendarmerie, Border Guard Corps cavalry, communications units, and armored troops saw minimal Jewish representation. It is noteworthy that within the army, Jews sought opportunities for temporary release from service or assumed specific roles to circumvent military training. While within military units, Jews often maintained a certain separation from other groups, and their interactions with representatives of other nationalities ranged from amicable to openly antagonistic. Hostile relations were more frequently observed with the Polish contingent, while interactions with other nationalities generally tended towards friendliness, albeit not without occasional minor misunderstandings. Instances of conflicts among Jews from different regions of Poland surfaced, primarily driven by ideological and religious disparities. During their service, Jews exhibited qualities of obedience, adherence to orders, and minimal conflicts with officers, adhering to principles of subordination. Nonetheless, commanders underscored that this outward compliance was often illusory and motivated primarily by the fear of reprisals. Despite societal perceptions associating Jews with Soviet ideals, there was an absence of overt political expression or propaganda within the army. Nevertheless, a lingering uncertainty among commanders persisted regarding the loyalty of Jews in the event of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article narrates a history of the diplomatic negotiations over the extradition of deserting Gurkha soldiers between Nepal and the British India. It reads the Nepali government's refusal to enter into an agreement for handing over Gurkha deserters to British India as a mechanism of retaining the subjecthood of a valuable labor force to the Nepali state. Locating desertion in the wider history of Nepali labor migration, this article challenges racialized conceptions of Gurkha "loyalty" and "bravery," and charts the multiple avenues of employment pursued by Nepali subjects in India. Exploring how discursive claims over Gurkhas formed an integral part of Nepal's negotiation over power with the British, this article contributes to the literature on Gurkhas as currency for Nepali sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National security is a crucial component of the state of the Republic of Moldova. Therefore, an important condition for ensuring it is the exact compliance by the military with the military laws and regulations to successfully carry out the tasks established by the Armed Forces of the Republic of Moldova and ensure state security. Violation by military personnel of legislative requirements and military statutes carries with it either disciplinary responsibility or, in the most serious cases, criminal liability. In this context, the criminal legislation of the Republic of Moldova provides for "Military Offenses" in Chapter XVIII. Desertion represents a component of the acts that fall under the category of military offences, which is criminalized in Art 371 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. The unjustified absence of a soldier from their unit constitutes a clear insubordination primarily against the law and military regulations. Dodging military service represents a violation of duty towards the country, a provision confirmed by the supreme law of the Republic of Moldova, which states that defending the country is a sacred duty of every citizen.

This analysis of petitions from the Lancashire Quarter Sessions submitted by unhappy wives uncovers evidence of women who separated from their husbands illegally between 1660 and 1700. When informally separated, women could turn to JPs to formalise their marital situation. Petitionary evidence also shows that the concept of desertion should be redefined, as many spouses did not completely separate. These petitions demonstrate that authorities could sanction informal separation if peace was maintained. Overall, this article studies separated wives when their legal position was precarious, and illustrates how new sources can help explore the history of marriage in early modern England.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Indias is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Military Members are limited by Laws and Military regulations so all the actions that are undertaken must also be based on Applicable laws and regulations. One of the most common crimes committed within the TNI is a criminal act of desertion desertion is the most prominent crime and must be done immediately resolved because it involves the integrity of the troop, it is necessary to regulate it specifically in order to be immediately decided and obtain legal certainty. However what if the military personnel who committed the crime of desertion could not found its existence or in this case the examination of the criminal act of desertion in absentia The method used by using a normative juridical approach method and supported by empirical juridical approach in the form of support from criminal law experts and law enforcement to support normative juridical data. Approach Normative juridical is done by seeing, analyzing and interpreting matters of a theoretical nature concerning legal principles through search related literature directly or indirectly direct Based on the results of research and discussion can be drawn a conclusion of the process the implementation of the desertion crime trial can be stated in absentia,if at the time of the third summons, the defendant still did not appear at the hearing (Law No. 31 of 1997 concerning Military Justice, Article 143). The judge's considerations in deciding the crime of desertion to three considerations, namely based on juridical considerations on formal statutory provisions, sociological considerations based on the social background of the defendant and for expediency, as well philosophical considerations with the aim that the sentence imposed against the accused as an effort to uphold discipline for each military member.

An estimated 66,678 men deserted from the French Army between 1914 and 1918. Using conseil de guerre (military tribunal) evidence, including interviews with captured deserters, this article shifts the scholarly focus on desertion from quantitative to qualitative data. This methodological move centres the experiences and voices of individual, often marginalised soldiers and demonstrates how desertion enabled otherwise constrained combatants to exercise agency, both when deserting and during the military justice process. Focusing on colonial citizens and subjects mobilised from North Africa, the article draws empire into scholarly conversations surrounding military justice to enhance understanding of France's multi-ethnic army and the specific imperial dimensions of desertion during the First World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the concept of desertion under the Hindu Marriage Act, of 1955 and how the concept has evolved over the course of time. The paper also looks at the recent development on the ground of desertion for divorce by the High courts and the Supreme Court. An attempt has been made through the work to understand via the case laws the evolution of the term “desertion” and its elements. The significance of 2 year waiting period after the taking place of desertion is also discussed in detail as the stance of the courts on its importance and on what basis this compulsory period is criticized. There has also been a discussion on the various types of desertion which are existing under the law. Lastly, the termination of desertion has been examined in brief. The paper in its conclusion portrays how just like two sides of a coin, desertion despite being well-formed legislation, has loopholes that are often been exploited by the deserting party, while the deserted party has no rights in that regard and has to remain a mute spectator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Desistance from criminal careers among guerrilla women in Colombia is a little-studied reality to date. The present study was undertaken to address this gap in the research, particularly in light of the high rates of post-disarmament recidivism. Specifically, a qualitative model was developed to identify desistance in a group of women linked to the guerrillas and currently in prison, close to having served out their alternative post-disarmament sentences under Law 975/2005. The model analyzed psychological and subjective factors in these women indicative of desistance, such as: the initiation of new projects, social ties, and feelings of remorse, self-efficacy, and self-control. These factors theoretically explain the women's interest in staying away from criminal careers, as well as the risk of reoffending. The model was tested by conducting in-depth interviews with 20 women. As a general result, factors conducive to desistance from criminal careers were found to exist for 60% of the interviewed women, while 40% of the cases were at risk of recidivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the cases of desertion in Spanish and English circumnavigations undertaken during the 16th century. Only four expeditions were able to overcome the Strait of Magellan and enter the Pacific Ocean, but there were many more attempts to repeat the voyages round the world, and in each we meet cases of desertion. The aim of the study is to identify common features of the described cases of desertion, and characteristics of the methods of maintaining order and discipline on ships. The crucial moment for most expeditions was the sectors from La Plata to the Strait of Magellan and attempts to cross the Strait of Magellan, as the ultimately dangerous part of the route. We find only one case of desertion in the Pacific Ocean, caused by the quarrel of the crew over captured spoil. In most part of the examples, desertion was caused by fear of the unexplored sea roads, by conflicts of interest and social contradictions, by personal enmity of crew members or by dissatisfaction with the actions of the leader of the expedition. The punishment for deserters at their homeland was surprisingly mild. The captains of the escaped ships not only saved their lives, but also continued their careers. But for every circumnavigation loss of even one ship was critical and could lead to difficulties or complete failure of the voyage.

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Universities have workers who carry knowledge, which can be seen as a powerful resource, allowing the workers to move and use their knowledge in different fields. Therefore, the identification of the factors that make knowledge-oriented human resources last in universities was defined as the goal of the present research. Based on the purpose, nature, and type of reasoning, this study is applied, descriptive, and qualitative research. The statistical community is faculty members of Imam Javad University with the characteristics of familiarity and mastery of human resource sustainability issues. Meta-synthesis and content analysis methods were used to analyze the data of the qualitative part, and the frequency of the extracted codes was used to prioritize the factors. By using the method of text content analysis and theoretical literature, 55 effective indicators of the durability of knowledge human resources were extracted. For this purpose, 115 articles in the field of human resources maintenance were found during the search in domestic and foreign databases, from which 45 related articles were selected and included in the study. During the interview with the experts, 37 components were identified. In the axial coding phase, using MAXQDA software, one component was considered for each category of conceptual codes, and finally, 11 components were identified. In the selective coding stage, 30 sub-categories, and 11 main categories were extracted based on the components. The results show that among the identified components, the work-life balance component has received less attention, which may be due to the special conditions of the university. Also, the results of the research showed that considering the young and welleducated knowledge workers, several important indicators such as a friendly work environment, work flexibility, and a dynamic and active environment, in other words, the quality of work life, are influential in people's decisions to stay at Imam Javad University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shashi Deshpande focuses on the problems faced by middle-class women and their quest for identity in A Matter of Time. The novel, like her other novels, explores female subjugation. Sumi is the victim of patriarchal oppression. She is deserted by her husband, but she courageously comes out of desolation. She breaks the shackles of patriarchy and achieves self-sufficiency. Sumi is completely different from the earlier protagonists of Shashi Deshpande like Indu, Sarita, and Jaya, She does not reunite with her husband like the other protagonists. She moves in her own way and takes family responsibilities into her hands. She gives much importance to the role of mother rather than a wife. As a mother Sumi evolves from desertion and helps her teenage children Aru, Charu and Seema to come to their lives as before. Shashi Deshpande's earlier protagonists get refuge in their parental homes for gaining confidence but Sumi decides to face the situation alone after being deserted by her husband. At the age of forty, she starts a new journey for her children, gradually asserts and fulfills her life with her hidden talents. Her husband leaves her after twenty three years of married life, but she faces the situation boldly and evolves as a self-reliable woman. Shashi Deshpande explores through the character of Sumi how a woman can be self-reliant in her life despite the odd situations that prevailed in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental care can enhance offspring survival but may impose significant costs to parents. The costs and benefits of care are key to understanding patterns of parental care, where parents can benefit by having their partner increase investment in care, while reducing their own effort. However, investigating the costs and benefits of parental care in wild populations is challenging. Here we use highly detailed behavioral observations in families of a small shorebird, where one parent frequently deserts its offspring, to explore the potential costs and benefits of desertion in a wild population. We first show that females desert their broods more frequently than males. Second, we investigate the benefits of this frequent female desertion in terms of additional mating opportunities, and the costs of desertion to females in terms of the growth and survival of deserted offspring. Our results indicate that female desertion is favored by a combination of remating benefits and a lack of costs to brood growth and survival, as abandoned male parents continue to provide care after desertion. Our results shed light on the costs and benefits underlying natural desertion strategies and suggest that female desertion is a fine-tuned behavior that responds to seasonally changing benefits of desertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, escape, amnesty examples and prison processes of female prisoners in a certain historical period of the Ottoman Empire are discussed. In this context, the emergence and general situation of women's prisons, the reasons for the escapes in these institutions and what measures were taken against them were examined. Along with the general situation of the prisons, the requests for amnesty of female prisoners were investigated, and the answers to these requests were examined. The documents in the Ottoman Archives were examined and the amnesties and desertion incidents specially issued to female prisoners were compiled; in addition, the previous academic literature on the subject was examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Critical Pedagogy / Revista de Pedagogía Crítica is the property of ECORFAN-Mexico S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. is the property of Knowledge E DMCC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the topic of desertion in the Romanian army during World War I. Given the scarcity of studies in the field, the scope of the subject, and the early stage of the research, I chose to address the cases of desertion to a foreign country. This was a crime with a lower frequency and, therefore, easier to document. By presenting several examples, I examine who were the deserters, and, above all, what were the reasons behind their decision. The main sources for the contribution are the documents of the law enforcement institutions and those of the Courts Martial. I therefore also explore how the Romanian authorities managed the problem of desertion. However, I do not provide definitive answers on the topic. I rather propose working hypotheses and scenarios, necessary for further research and analysis of the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Educa UMCH is the property of Universidad Marcelino Champagnat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Thesis Juris is the property of Revista Thesis Juris and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Why do rebels leave rebellions? Although much scholarly attention has been devoted to understanding why individuals join rebellions, relatively little is known about why they leave. This paper seeks to fill this deficit by exploring the decision-making process that rebels undertake when determining whether to stay or leave. Based on interview data collected from ten active rebels and four former rebels all engaged (or previously engaged) in conflicts in East Africa, we find that the reason why rebels joined the group influences their decision to leave or stay. Rebels who joined due to grievances are far less likely to escape opportunistically, while rebels who joined due to "greed" display a higher sensitivity to the hardships of rebel life and the pull of alternative options. Understanding why a person joins a rebellion helps predict the factors that will drive them to leave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: Desertion, or the unauthorized exit from an armed group, has major implications for counterinsurgency, war termination, and recruitment dynamics. While existing research stresses the importance of individual motivations for desertion, organizational decline, in the form of military and financial adversity, can also condition desertion. Organizational decline undermines a group’s instruments to channel individual preferences into collective action. These instruments include selective incentives, ideological appeal, and coercion. When the binding power of these instruments diminishes, individual desires start to dominate behavior, making desertion more likely. Methodology: The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) insurgency is used to examine this argument with a multimethod approach. First, a quantitative analysis employs unique data on more than 19,000 reported FARC deserters from 2002 to 2017, provided by the Colombian Ministry of Defense. Guarding against threats to causal inference, statistical analysis indicates that organizational decline drives desertion. Second, a qualitative analysis uses a large body of detailed reports on interviews with deserters conducted by Colombian military personnel. Conclusions: The reports demonstrate that organizational decline weakens selective incentives, group ideology, and a credible coercive regime, and fosters desertion through these mechanisms. Originality: These findings provide key insights for policymakers, given that desertion can both contribute to ending conflict and accelerate the recruitment of new combatants.

The article discusses the activities of the NKVD and the prosecutor’s office to ensure the mobilization and suppression of desertions from the construction of the Kuibyshev defensive line. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the experience of the activities of the NKVD structures and the prosecutor’s office, aimed at ensuring defensive construction in the extreme realities of military operations, is an indispensable source for military engineers of the Russian Federation. Based on the introduction into scientific circulation of previously secret archival documents from the funds of RGASPI, SOGASPI and GANI UO, they paid attention to the process of building a defensive line, the situation of the mobilized and analyzed the problems of the activities of the NKVD and the prosecutor’s office. It was revealed that the employees of the internal affairs bodies and the prosecutor’s office, in order to prevent desertions, first of all sought to normalize the supply of workers with food, clothing and equipment, the establishment of exact production standards, based on the gender and age characteristics of the builders. In the course of the work, it was proved that by mid-December 1941 the repressive policy had been curtailed, and local authorities took measures to improve the food supply for workers.

ABSTRAK Prajurit Yonif R 631/Atg dituntut untuk mentaati setiap norma hukum yang berlaku. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) agar dapat mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab prajurit melakukan tindak pidana desersi dan THTI (Tidak Hadir Tanpa Ijin) dan bagaimana penanganannya, (2) agar dapat mengetahui relevansi antara penyuluhan hukum dengan pencegahan tindak pidana desersi dan THTI serta ketahanan organisasi,(3) agar dapat menganalisis sejauhmana implementasi penyuluhan hukum bagi prajurit Yonif R 631/Atg dalam pencegahan tindak pidana desersi dan THTI serta bagi ketahanan organisasi, dan (4) agar dapat memberikan solusi berupa model penyuluhan hukum yang perlu diberlakukan agar dapat optimal dalam mencegah terjadinya tindak pidana desersi dan THTI demi ketahanan organisasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan di Yonif R 631/Atg yang berkedudukan Kota Palangka Raya, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini mengambil dari observasi di objek penelitian dan wawancara terhadap 10 (sepuluh) informan. Peneliti juga melakukan studi pustaka dan mengambil dokumentasi dari literasi internet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) faktor penyebab tindak pidana desersi dan THTI adalah ekonomi, sosial dan psikologis, (2) relevansi penyuluhan hukum dengan pencegahan tindak pidana desersi dan THTI adalah adanya pengetahuan hukum, pemahaman, sikap dan pola prilaku yang baik dalam hukum, sehingga meningkatkan kepatuhan hukum setiap prajurit, dan (3) pelaksanaan penyuluhan hukum di Yonif R 631/Atg ada beberapa kendala yaitu penyampaian materi yang belum maksimal karena penayangan slide materi yang biasa saja dan kurang menarik, belum optimalnya satuan Yonif R 631/Atg dalam pengerahan prajurit untuk dapat mengikuti penyuluhan hukum, dan penyuluhan hukum hanya dapat diberikan 1 (satu) kali dalam setahun terhadap prajurit Yonif R 631/Atg dan letak Yonif R 631/Atg yang tersebar di beberapa wilayah. Dampaknya pelanggaran hukum desersi dan THTI selalu ada dan (4) model penyuluhan hukum di Yonif R 631/Atg agar dapat optimal adalah beberapa hal yaitu melalui : metode penyampaian pesan/informasi, metode mengajar, metode mengajak (persuasif), dan metode dialog (tanya jawab), selain itu dalam rangka efisiensi biaya dan optimalisasi penyuluhan hukum, maka perlu agar penyuluhan hukum di jajaran Korem 102/Pjg khususnya Yonif R 631/Atg dilaksanakan oleh Kumrem 102/Pjg agar dapat mencegah terjadinya pelanggaran hukum di jajaran Yonif R 631/Atg khususnya pelanggaran hukum desersi dan THTI.

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Daena: International Journal of Good Conscience is the property of Spenta University Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The dynamics of complex processes of change, transformation or social readjustment constitute essential features that characterize the contemporary world, in this context, education is structured around four basic pillars that today's society demands: learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together and learn to be. It is worth mentioning that there is a problem of desertion and failure at the higher level, this situation is worrying and it is possible that it is related to the teaching styles of the teacher. Therefore, it will be necessary to carry out the present investigation since it could serve as a basis for later studies that allow in turn to identify the relationship of the teacher's teaching styles with the failure rates, for this an instrument is necessary that validates said assumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divorce is one of the reasons for the termination of a marriage. Although, at first glance, it is thought that divorce regards the parties who marry of their own free will, actually apart from the spouses it concerns children, other family members, and the whole society. In this regard, nowadays divorce is mostly possible based on certain grounds regulated in the law and with a decision of a judge. In Islamic law, marriage can also be terminated based on specific grounds and with a judge's decision. Desertion is also one of the grounds that make divorce possible in this manner. Desertion, which takes place as one of the grounds for private, absolute, and fault-based divorce in Turkish law, has been accepted as one of the reasons for judicial divorce by Maliki and Hanbalis within Islamic law schools. This study aims to examine the treatment of divorce due to desertion in Islamic law within the framework of the conditions in Turkish law. Therefore, firstly, the nature and scope of desertion in Turkish law were dwelled on within the framework of the conditions regulated in the Turkish Civil Code, then the issue of divorce due to desertion in Islamic law was addressed with a similar method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of the vocational and professional orientation test, Search Directed Self (SDS), to future high school graduates of public schools in the department of Quindío, is a face-to-face activity within the Student Permanence Support Program developed at the University of Quindío. It consists of workshops with small groups of students, guided by a facilitator and seeks that each student identifies the professions that respond to their skills and preferences, found by themselves, through a self-assessment on the activities they like to do, their skills, their abilities and the careers that attract their attention. At the end of the workshop the individual results are kept by each student and the idea is that they are used as the main input for a discussion in the family environment about the profession or trade that the student may choose and with the group results the profiles and aspirations of all students in the department, in each of the municipalities and of each educational institution are identified. There is a significant number of people aspiring to careers in Health, Engineering, Languages and Veterinary Medicine, compared to a smaller number with the required skills; many students show an aptitude for Arts and Social Work, but only a third aspire to related careers; in areas of Administration, Law, Design, Education, Nursing, Gastronomy and Psychology there is a good number of applicants and it is balanced with aptitudes and preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desertion in higher level educational institutions; its study and monitoring has become relevant in recent years; on the one hand, being one of the main problems they face; increasing for reasons of the pandemic and that undoubtedly affected the student sector and on the other, by trying to maintain institutional educational quality, being one of the indicators evaluated by the country's accrediting bodies in all educational programs. What is exposed here is the first phase of an investigation developed to know the desertion factors in the students of the Bachelor of Administration and Bachelor of Public Accounting of the Department of Administrative Economic Sciences of the Southern Regional Unit of the University of Sonora. This stage had the purpose of identifying the cases of students registered in the periods 2018-2, 2019-2 and 2020-2 who had abandoned their careers by the 2021-2 cycle and their proportion in the period of confinement and who currently had to attend the fourth, sixth and eighth semester. The total population analyzed was 200 students from the two programs, finally accounting for a dropout of 15 CP and 23 LA in the cohorts. These results have made it possible to start the next phase of the study to find out the reasons for their desertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the purpose of exploring the topic of educational lag and school dropout, a research positioned in the Interpretative framework is presented; it uses the qualitative approach and phenomenological method, with the objective of analyzing the experiences that teachers have regarding this issue, as well as identifying the factors that they consider come into play. The technique used was the in-depth interview, with five teachers, workers in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. The fact of all teachers have experienced the problem of educational lag and school dropout is highlighted, and also their considerations about this phenomenon, which is worse because of Covid-19 consequences. They identify factors that come into play in this phenomenon according to the literature review and pose strategies centered on individualized attention for students, such as tutoring, obtain economic support for them and training for the most frequent problems in their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: Desertion, or the unauthorized exit from an armed group, has major implications for counterinsurgency, war termination, and recruitment dynamics. While existing research stresses the importance of individual motivations for desertion, organizational decline, in the form of military and financial adversity, can also condition desertion. Organizational decline undermines a group's instruments to channel individual preferences into collective action. These instruments include selective incentives, ideological appeal, and coercion. When the binding power of these instruments diminishes, individual desires start to dominate behavior, making desertion more likely. Methodology: The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) insurgency is used to examine this argument with a multimethod approach. First, a quantitative analysis employs unique data on more than 19,000 reported FARC deserters from 2002 to 2017, provided by the Colombian Ministry of Defense. Guarding against threats to causal inference, statistical analysis indicates that organizational decline drives desertion. Second, a qualitative analysis uses a large body of detailed reports on interviews with deserters conducted by Colombian military personnel. Conclusions: The reports demonstrate that organizational decline weakens selective incentives, group ideology, and a credible coercive regime, and fosters desertion through these mechanisms. Originality: These findings provide key insights for policymakers, given that desertion can both contribute to ending conflict and accelerate the recruitment of new combatants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The government of Uganda eliminated primary school fees during the insurgency of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a rebel group notorious for abducting school aged boys and girls to turn them into rebels through indoctrination and intimidation. Previous research shows that the no-fee policy, commonly known as the Universal Primary Education (UPE) programme, increases access to education mainly for girls. I test the hypothesis that UPE increases incentives of abducted girls to desert the LRA. Difference-in-differences estimates, which compare the change in desertion of girls in primary school age (treatment group) to the change of older females (control group), support the hypothesis. Investigating possible mechanisms, I find little support for the 'standard' opportunity cost hypothesis that dominates the literature, where education increases earning opportunities in the regular economy and thus makes staying with the rebels less attractive. Instead, the evidence supports a 'novel' opportunity cost hypothesis that has received little attention thus far: Girls long for education, and the prospect of going to school – which UPE increases substantially – entices them to abandon the rebels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]