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1. Investigating the role of semi-open spaces on the sociability of public libraries using space syntax (Case Studies: Sunrise Mountain and Desert Broom Libraries, Arizona, USA).

Author

Askarizad, Reza and Safari, Hossein

Subjects
PUBLIC spaces, PUBLIC libraries, SOCIABILITY, DESERTS, MOUNTAINS, BROOMS & brushes, SPACE (Architecture)
Abstract

Nowadays, in spite of the positive efforts made in recent years, active public libraries are still faced with challenges in attracting and retaining their users through the provision of up-to-date services to meet their scientific, cultural and recreational requirements. Accordingly, the need to create spaces with the approach of sociability in public libraries seems to be necessary. In this way, the Space Syntax method, as a predictor of the social aspects of architectural spaces, has been used in order to evaluate the role of semi-open spaces on the sociability of public libraries in the existing and hypothetical models using Depthmap. Finally, the findings of the two simulated models were examined and compared with each other using SPSS and the independent sample t -test. The findings from the Sunrise Mountain Library analysis indicated that in the existing model, the integration level was 20.49. However, after eliminating the semi-open spaces, the level of integration decreased to 15.48. Also, the findings obtained from the Desert Broom Library indicated that in the existing model, the integration level was 10.10. However, in the hypothetical model, its degree of integration changed to 8.15. Results show that semi-open spaces have a positive effect on the sociability of public libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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2. Screening the phytoremediation potential of desert broom (Baccharis sarothroides Gray) growing on mine tailings in Arizona, USA.

Author

Haque, Nazmul, Peralta-Videa, Jose R., Jones, Gary L., Gill, Thomas E., and Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L.

Subjects
CHROMIUM group, UNITED States on television
Abstract

Abstract: The metal concentrations in a copper mine tailings and desert broom (Baccharis sarothroides Gray) plants were investigated. The metal concentrations in plants, soil cover, and tailings were determined using ICP-OES. The concentration of copper, lead, molybdenum, chromium, zinc, arsenic, nickel, and cobalt in tailings was 526.4, 207.4, 89.1, 84.5, 51.7, 49.6, 39.7, and 35.6mgkg−1, respectively. The concentration of all elements in soil cover was 10–15% higher than that of the tailings, except for molybdenum. The concentration of copper, lead, molybdenum, chromium, zinc, arsenic, nickel, and cobalt in roots was 818.3, 151.9, 73.9, 57.1, 40.1, 44.6, 96.8, and 26.7mgkg−1 and 1214.1, 107.3, 105.8, 105.5, 55.2, 36.9, 30.9, and 10.9mgkg−1 for shoots, respectively. Considering the translocation factor, enrichment coefficient, and the accumulation factor, desert broom could be a potential hyperaccumulator of Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, As, and Ni. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2008
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3. The Roosevelt Community Development Study, Number 14, Volume 3: Paleobiological and Osteological Analyses

Author

Harmon, Alaina

Subjects
AZ V:5:97 (ASM), Farmstead, Bone Ring, Caryophyllaceae, Alder, Hordeum pusillum, Hamlet, Condalia sp, High Spine Compositae, Great Plains Toad, Lower Third Molar (Human), Molar (Human), Buffware, Larrea divaricata, Gila Butte Phase, Ash Creek Phase, Chenopod, Kernel, Accipitrid, Oak, Charcoal, Carnegiea gigantea, Amaranth, Harris Antelope Squirrel, Shank (Zea mays), Eagle Ridge, Algal Spore, Knotweed, AZ V:5:100 (ASM), AZ V:5:92 (ASM), Projectile Point, AZ V:5:107 (ASM), Lower Incisor (Human), Land Snail, Stone Jewelry, Callipepla gambelii, Neotoma sp, Cuculidae, Lepus californicus, Ceramic, Canine (Human), Indian Wheat, Spine (Agave), Clavicle (Human), Lizard, Helisoma tenue, Tooth Root (Human), Stone Censer, Buteo jamicensis, Boerhaavia sp, Meddler Point, Carnivora, Cotton, Creosotebush, Hamlet / Village, Dove, Cereus gigantea, Adult Cremation, Dog, Bud (Cholla), Carnivore, Galliformes, Thorn (Agave sp.), Arrowweed, Mallow, Long Bone (Human), Colubridae, Gallinaceous Bird, Bubo virginianus, Stem (Grass), AZ V:5:1 (ASM), Bud (Opuntia sp.), Seed (Cholla), Pueblo, Insect Part, Tonto Basin, Cyperaceae, Thoracic Vertebra (Human), Canotia sp, Filaree, Desert Tortoise, Gila Butte Red-on-Buffware, Callipepla squamata, Chenopodium sp, Carpal (Human), Rat Pellet, Rasp, Pellet, Bird, Worked Long Bone, Inhumation, Antler Flaker, AZ V:5:95 (ASM), Felis rufus, Collared Lizard, Turtle Shell Artifact, Jojoba, Epidermis (Agave sp.), Heart (Agave sp.), Bone Tube, Fiber (Agave), Palette, Deer, Cow, Fraximus velutina, Desert Willow, Bos taurus, Root, Cereus sp, Room, Ground Squirrel, Lower Tonto Basin, Sacral Body (Human), Gambel's Quail, Feces, Cupule (Zea mays), Colubrid, Carrot, Agricultural or Herding, Callipepla sp, Malvaceae, Shell (Juglans major), Celtis reticulata, Aquatic Snail, Ring, Cheno-Am, Funerary and Burial Structures or Features, Black-tailed Jackrabbit, Artemisia sp, Humerus (Human), Rind, Anterior Tooth Root (Human), Osteichthyes, Hackberry, Jewelry, Leguminosae, AZ V:5:103 (ASM), Anacardiaceae, Seed (Squash), Cyprinidae, Century Plant, Arizona (State / Territory), Evening Primrose, Hedgehog Cactus, Rind (Squash), Acacia sp, Ulna (Human), Artiodactyl, Agave sp, Shell, Echinocactus sp, Gopher Snake, Goosefoot, Manzanita, Chipped Stone, Seed, Macaw, Gramineae, Baccharis sp, Crotaphytus collaris, Hoffmanseggia sp, Juniperus sp, Fish, Masonry Compound, Juglans major, Lunate (Human), Jar, Greythorn, Hedge Apple, AZ V:5:99 (ASM), Human Remains, Hairpin, AZ V:5:105 (ASM), Hawk, Cottonttail, Neotoma albigula, Mastoid (Human), Mesquite, Juniper, Grama Grass, Muhlenbergia sp, Salt River, Catostomus sp, Roosevelt Phase, Pod, Euphorbia sp, Stone Bowl, Third Molar Root (Human), Dandelion, Acacia, Low Spine Compositae, Hohokam, Bobcat, Flotation Sample, Atriplex sp, Cupule (Maize), Tibia (Human), Stem (Poaceae), Shell Jewelry, McDonald Corrugated Ware, Tonto National Forest, Colonial Period, Mimidae, Canis latrans, Lovegrass, Frazinus sp, Catostomidae, Colorado Squawfish, Seed (Mesquite), Shell (Walnut), Columbiformes, Ash, Banana Yucca, Common Bean, Talus (Human), Ondatra zibethicus, Censer, Hog Potato, Santa Cruz Phase, Grebe, Minnow, AZ V:5:104 (ASM), Columbidae, Groundcherry, Creosote, Branch, Mustard, Kallstroemia sp, Locoweed, Stalk (Maize), Abies concolor, Jack Bean, Leaf (Agave sp.), Fiber (Agave sp.), Canis familiaris, Seed (Cucurbita pepo), Data Recovery / Excavation, Gray Fox, AZ V:5:110 (ASM), Beaver, Black-on-Whiteware, Apiaceae, Procupine, Fraximus pennsylvanica, Bone Awl, Bone (Human), Cupule, Gila elegans, Early Ceramic, Bone Whistle, Gila Coarse-Scaled Sucker, Figurine, Gilia sp, Cibola Black-on-Whiteware, Chilopsis linearis, Geococcyx californianus, Larrea tridentata, AZ V:5:91 (ASM), Cemetery, False Purslane, Metatarsal (Human), Masonry Room, Garrya wrightii, Seed (Opuntia sp.), Eragrostis sp, Ceramic Pitcher, AZ V:5:106 (ASM), Masonry Pueblo, Bone Gaming Piece, Ara sp, Rib (Human), Legume, Fauna, Alnus sp, Cylindropuntia, Casa Grande Red-on-Buffware, Gossypium hirsutum, Awl, Cottonwood, Domestic Structures, Eagle, Canavalia sp, Femur (Human), Room Block, Seed (Yuccca baccata), Miami Phase, AZ V:5:98 (ASM), Bone Needle, Innominate (Human), Infant Cremation, Tooth (Human), Kangaroo Rat, Ammospermophilus harrisii, Kinosternon sonoriense, Catclaw Acacia, AZ V:5:101 (ASM), Gopherus agassizi, Cucurbita pepo, Upper Vertebra (Human), Leaf, Globe Mallow, Salado, Bouleloua sp, Bonytail Chub, Gastrocopta pellucida, Bufo cognatus, Amaranthus sp, Castor canadensis, Canotia holacantha, Thorn (Agave), Early Classic Period, Liguliflorae, Larrea sp, Amphibia, Bone Rasp, Tube, AZ V:5:122 (ASM), Accipitridae, Bone (Animal), AZ V:5:93 (ASM), Celtis sp, AZ V:5:4 (ASM), Gossypium sp, Skull (Human), Stalk (Agave), Grass, Astragalus sp, Fabaceae, Onagraceae, Wood, Upper Second Incisor (Human), Lutra canadensis, Elymus sp, Roosevelt Lake, Epidermis (Agave), Ceramic Bowl, Occipital (Human), Inkweed, Phalange (Human), Stem, Ephedra sp, Cercidium sp, Chara sp, Mandible (Human), Colorado River Toad, Catostomus clarki, Liliaceae, Horned Lizard, Botta's Pocket Gopher, Room Block / Compound / Pueblo, Bone, Bromus sp, Arctostaphylos sp, Anterior Tooth (Human), Rind (Cucurbita sp.), Macrobotanical, Molar Root (Human), Bighorn Sheep, Abies sp, AZ V:5:96 (ASM), Canis lupus, Canis sp, Maize, Acacua greggii, Bursage, Kernel (Maize), Agrostis sp, Root (Prosopis velutina), Ceramic Censer, Ancestral Puebloan, Little Barley, Crucifixion Thorn, Premolar (Human), Bromegrass, Vessel, Platform Mound, Sacaton Phase, Ammospermophilus sp, AZ V:5:131 (ASM), Corrugated Ware, Thorn, Agave, Eriogonum sp, Heart (Agave), Desert Cottontail, Needle, Domestic Dog, Coyote, Arizona Poppy, Seed (Prosopis velutina), Pod (Mesquite), Artiodactyla, Tarsal (Human), Spine (Agave sp.), Cucurbita sp, Tooth Crown (Human), Heron Bill, AZ V:5:189 (ASM), Amphibian, Bentgrass, AZ V:5:94 (ASM), Bufo alvarius, Seed (Banana Yucca), Dipodomys sp, Pollen, AZ V:5:123 (ASM), Branch (Prosopis velutina), Scapula (Human), Kernel (Zea mays), AZ V:5:176 (ASM), Cruciferae, Great Horned Owl, Axis (Human), Cervical Vertebra (Human), Chia, Crotalus sp, AZ V:5:177 (ASM), Fiber, Common Reed, Bone Hairpin, Mourning Dove, Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features, Fir, Pitcher, Lagomorpha, Settlements, Stalk (Zea mays), Leaf (Agave), Cuculiformes, Mammalaria sp, Spine, Branch (Mesquite), Cremation, Cholla, Temporal (Human), Classic Period, AZ V:5:178 (ASM), Deciduous Molar (Human), Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex, Clammy Weed, Deciduous Tooth (Human), Whistle, Shank, Gray Wolf, Erodium sp, Fishhook Cactus, Lagomorph, Termite Feces, Hawaiia miniscula, Subadult Cremation, Cotton Rat, AZ V:5:90 (ASM), Sedentary Period, Douglas Fir, Pyramid Point, Corn, Muskrat, Stalk, Mormon Tea, Odocoileus sp, Bean, Third Molar (Human), RCD, Cattail, Epiphysis (Human), Roosevelt Community Development Study, Worked Bone, Cashew, Stalk (Agave sp.), Ostracode, Griffin Wash, Aves, Desert Broom, Odocoileus virginianus, Desert-Mountain Sucker, Opuntia sp, Lily, Vertebra (Human), Compound, Ostracoda, Indian Buckwheat, Canavalia ensiformis, Chamaesyce sp, Posterior Tooth Crown (Human), Lumbar (Human), Maygrass, Dropseed Grass, Radius (Human), Worked antler, Ceramic Jar, Catostomus insignis, Incisor (Human), Prehistoric, Gaming Piece, Auditory Meatus (Human), Shank (Maize), Descurainia sp, Root (Mesquite), Pod (Prosopis velutina), Grain, Bowl
Abstract

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) involved the testing and excavation of 27 sites in the Lower Tonto Basin of central Arizona. This is one of three related data recovery projects undertaken in the Tonto Basin for the Bureau of Reclamation prior to the raising of the Roosevelt Lake dam. The results of the RCD project are presented in four Anthropological Papers of the Center for Desert Archaeology: Anthropological Papers No. 12 is the research design; Anthropological Papers No. 13 (two volumes) contains background information and the site descriptions; Anthropological Papers No. 14 (three volumes) includes the artifact and environmental analyses; and Anthropological Papers No. 15 presents the synthesis and conclusions. The project was situated within the Tonto National Forest and covered a four-mile, continuous area along the north bank of the Salt River. Sites within the project area exhibited a great range of functional, temporal, and, possibly, cultural diversity. These included two sites with platform mounds (the Meddler Point and Pyramid Point sites); a 10Q-room masonry pueblo (the Griffin Wash site); smaller masonry compounds (e.g., the Porcupine site); and pithouse hamlets and farmsteads (e.g., the Hedge Apple and Eagle Ridge sites). Temporal components ranged from the Early Ceramic period (A.D. 100-600), at Locus B of the Eagle Ridge site, through the Roosevelt phase (A.D. 1250-1350) of the Classic period. The Early Ceramic component of the Eagle Ridge site is now the earliest documented ceramic period site in the Tonto Basin and provides definitive evidence for an indigenous ceramic-using population. The project area was inhabited most intensively during the Roosevelt phase, when platform mounds, pueblo room blocks, and small masonry compounds were occupied. Architectural and artifact variability suggest the presence of several different cultural groups co-residing in the Tonto Basin at this time, and migration is believed to have been a significant process in Tonto Basin prehistory. The RCD project area was largely abandoned by A.D. 1325, prior to the large-scale aggregation that occurred during the Gila phase; very few Gila Polychrome sherds were recovered from project area sites. The mandate of the RCD project, as spedfied by the Bureau of Reclamation, was to investigate the temporal and developmental sequence of the prehistoric populations within this area. To meet these goals, six sites were intensively examined through full-scale excavation, and an extensive data set was gathered from the remaining 21 sites. The three volumes in Anthropological Papers No. 14 contain the artifact and environmental analyses. More than 150,000 artifacts were recovered from the RCD excavations. This volume (Volume 3) presents the paleobotanical and osteological data. Included are analyses of the pollen (Chapter 18), flotation (Chapter 19), faunal (Chapter 20), and mortuary (Chapter 21) assemblages. Data from the subsistence analyses are combined and synthesized in Chapter 22. Volume 1 of Anthropological Papers No. 14 presents the analyses of the chipped stone, ground stone, jewelry and personal ornament, and shell assemblages. The ceramic artifact assemblage is examined in Volume 2 More spedfic information on the individual sites and the project background can be found in Anthropological Papers No. 13. Anthropological Papers No. 15 integrates and synthesizes these data to provide a more inclusive view of the prehistoric occupation of the RCD project area and the Tonto Basin.

Published
1995
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4. The Beeline Archaeological Project

Author

Effland, Richard W. and Fedick, Scott

Subjects
White Fir, Ligule (Panicum sp.), Seed (Carpet-Weed), AZ U:9:68 (ASU), Artifact Scatter, Rock Oven, AZ U:9:15 (ASU), Plainware Bowl, Trash Midden, Mica, cf. Bos taurus, Adobe, Porcelain doll, Knife, Lithic Scatter, AZ U:9:62 (ASU), Buffware, Stoneware, Tonto Polychrome Ware, AZ U:9:8 (ASU), Charcoal Deposit, Heart, western Arizona, Seed (Echinocereus sp.), Basin and Range Physiographic Province, Metal Screw Top, Fauna, Brown Glass, Meat Can, Canal, Hornblende, Site Evaluation / Testing, Pima, Monocot, Tonto Plainware, Rhyolite, Casa Grande Red-on-Buffware, Doll, AZ U:9:10 (ASU), AZ U:9:9 (ASU), Tin Can, Cottonwood, Adobe Structure, Seed (Cruciferae), Domestic Structures, Seed (Fishhook Cactus), Mammal, BIA, Mica Schist, Maricopa (County), Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, Tobacco Can, Construction Nail, Penny, Hammerstone, Historic Native American, Roof Cast, Post Hole, Wingfield Plainware, Ceramic, Globe, Sheet Iron, Marble, Mule Deer, Seed (Centrosperm), Cartridge Case, AZ U:9:67 (ASU), Jacal Structure, Basalt, Amaranthus sp, Historic, Mellin's Food Co, Rock Alignment, Arrow-Weed, Pincushion Cactus, Sand, Phyllite, Bone (Animal), Wire, Arrow Rock Alignment, Building Materials, Plantain, Archaeological Feature, Panic Grass, Metal, Redware, Cactus, Rock Ring, Canal or Canal Feature, Large Mammal, Wood, Silver Mica, Doll Foot, American Bottle Co, Ground Stone, Bean (Mesquite), Plainware Jar, Hearth, Plainware, Ceramic Bowl, Seed (Descurainia sp.), Iron Pan, Jacal, Hole-in-Cap Can, Fire Cracked Rock, Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno, Wire Staple, Iron, Chenopodium sp, Stem, Oven, Red-on-Buffware, Framing Member, Gila Polychrome Ware, Heart (Agave sp.), Room Block / Compound / Pueblo, Bone, Basalt Flake, Winchester Repeating Arms Co, Nut, Biface, Salt River Valley, Macrobotanical, AZ U:9:19 (ASU), Gold Mica, Nursing Bottle, Gila Plainware, Western Cartridge Co, Baling Wire, Basalt Debitage, Quartzite, Amethyst Glass, Stoneware Jar, Pit, Porcelain, Plantago sp, Peters Cartridge Co, Glass, Room, Sherd Scatter, Shotgun Cartridge Case, Platform Mound, Nail, Spike, Salt Redware, Plaza, Whithall-Tatun & Company, Caudex (Agave sp.), Metal Globe, AZ U:9:65 (ASU), Salt River Project, Agave, Screw Top, Heart (Agave), Agricultural or Herding, Seed (Mammillaria sp.), Tansy Mustard, Stem (Panic Grass), Horno, Fruit Can, Mollugo sp, Vegetable Can, Cheno-Am, Federal Cartridge Co, Can, Chert Debitage, Seed (Plaintain), Sacaton Red-on-Buffware, Echinocereus sp, Tabular Knife, Lincoln Penny, Glass Marble, Hackberry, Post Hole / Post Mold, Seed (Cheno-Am), Sycamore, Baby Food Bottle, Railroad Spike, Obsidian, Parker Red-on-Buffware, Bean (Prosopis sp.), Caudex (Agave), Arizona (State / Territory), SRP, Spine (Cactus), Cruciferae, Frying Pan, Sanitary Can, Hedgehog Cactus, Ponderosa Pine, Agave sp, Shell, Flake, Prosopis sp, Remington-Union Metallic Cartridge Co, Midden, Mineral, Pot Bust, Safety Pin, Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features, Grain (Gramineae), Horseshoe, Chipped Stone, Stem (Monocot), Seed, Screw, Trash Mound, Phoenix Basin, Structure, Gramineae, Lithic Debitage, Round Spike, Wooden Stake, Spine, Archaic, Buffware Jar, Bullet, Redware Bowl, Jar, Polychrome Ware, Clay, Cattle, Seed (Mustard), Spine (Cactacaeae), Roasting Pit, Classic Period, APS, Ligule (Panic Grass), Cactaceae, Schist, AZ U:9:61 (ASU), Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex, Mesquite, Historic Structure, Salt River, Clay Marble, Compound Wall, Fishhook Cactus, Aqua Glass, Horseshoe Nail, Core Tool, Parker Buffware, Sedentary Period, SRPMIC, Douglas Fir, Beverage Can, Surveyor's Stake, AZ U:9:14 (ASU), Odocoileus sp, Seed (Tansy Mustard), Bean, Chert Flake, Hohokam, Mesa Terrace, Flake Tool, Hollow Globe, Limited Activity Site, Disk, Glass Bottle, Pistol Cartridge Case, Thatching, Rifle Cartridge Case, Core, Desert Broom, Wire Wrapping, Seed (Mollugo sp.), Stove Pipe Wire, Compound, Wall, Coffee Can, Carpet-Weed, Seed (Plantago sp.), Seed (Pincushion Cactus), Agate, Panicum sp, Chert, Grain (Grass), Fence Staple, Lower Colorado Buffware, Iron Shovel Blade, Metal Disk, Stem (Panicum sp.), Wood Screw, Centrosperm, Mustard, Doll Leg, Bottle, Prehistoric, AZ U:9:64 (ASU), ACS, Preserve Jar, Caudex, Descurainia sp, Steel, Tin, Rock Cluster, Desert Region, Seed (Hedgehog Cactus), Grain, Shovel Blade, Bowl, Union Metallic Cartridge Company, Mammillaria sp, Seafood Can
Abstract

The Salt River Project (SRP) and Arizona Public Service Company (APS) constructed three transmission lines along a portion of the Beeline Highway on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC). SRP proposed to build a new line that connects the Pinnacle Peak, Brandow, and Papago Buttes substations. At the same time, APS proposed to realign two existing transmission lines and move them out of the Salt River channel and onto the north terrace above the river. Prior to construction, Archaeological Consulting Services Ltd. (ACS) was contracted to perform cultural resource investigations for both the SRP and APS portions of the project. A total of 13 identified sites were evaluated in 1984 as significant and, as such, potentially eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. Not all of these sites would be affected by the proposed transmission line development however. The recommendations of the studies were: (1) both SRP and APS should work to minimize adverse effects by carefully designing pole and access locations, and (2) a data recovery program to negate any adverse effects of the proposed development project should be prepared and implemented. The data recovery work was performed under the authority of the SRPMIC and an ARPA permit from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Office (BIA) (permit No. ACS/SR/PAO/0001A). Artifacts and notes were to be curated by the SRPMIC.

Published
1990
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