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This master thesis examines how a newly built neighborhood in Copenhagen is able to accommodate public life. This study is done as critics have highlighted how newly built neighborhoods in Copenhagen often lack opportunities for people to engage with public life. In order to bring new insights, the thesis particularly looks at public life through the users’ experience and use of a neighborhood’s public spaces, and how these perceptions and understandings affect public life.This is done through the case study of Strandlodsvej, a newly built neighborhood located in Amager Northeast. With an empirical approach, through interviews, as well as observations and spatial analysis, this study highlights that public life in newly built neighborhoods can be accommodated due to some physical aspects of the neighborhood, its users and them relating to one another, as well as existing and new practices. In turn, the insights stemming from the Strandlodsvej case shows how the users’ experience and perception of the urban fabric, the planned mobility, and the diversity in people affects how users engage with and relate to public life. Furthermore, this paper shows how users are and are not able to engage with the neighborhood and its opportunities through their meanings and interpretation, as well as how some users engage in initiatives, appropriations and alterations, and how these aspects affect public life.This paper generates new insights in how a newly built neighborhood of Copenhagen is used and experienced by different users and how that affects the ability of the neighborhood to accommodate public life. Therefore, this research serves scholars, researchers, and others interested in current trends focusing on urban development procedures, and how such developments can better support the accommodation of public life. Also, the paper contributes to professionals interested in better addressing users when developing public opportunities within the city.

Ce mémoire porte sur la continuité des rituels divinatoires païens dans le cadre du culte chrétien en Gaule du IVe au VIe siècle. Il comporte une introduction rapportant notre problématique, notre terminologie, notre méthodologie ainsi que nos sources principales. Par la suite, le développement aborde les rites divinatoires des Sortes Sanctorum, des Sortes Sangallenses et les rites d’incubation dans le culte de Saint Martin de Tours. Pour chacun de ces cas, nous étudions leur provenance, leurs sources, leur déroulement, leur évolution et les similarités qui permettent de faire un lien avec des rituels païens déjà existants. Nous avons vérifié l’existence de cette continuité et déterminé qu’elle passait par plusieurs phénomènes, l’acculturation gauloise des rituels gréco-romains, l’importation de rites christianisés en Orient et l’assimilation des pratiques païennes locales par le culte chrétien pour répondre à une demande de divination par la population., This Masters’ thesis concerns itself with the continuity of pagan divination rituals within the new context of the Christianized Gaul of the IVth to VIth centuries. It is composed of an introduction detailing our hypothesis, terminology, methodology and sources. Afterwards, we study three cases of divination rituals, the Sortes Sanctorum, the Sortes Sangallenses and the incubations within the cult of St. Martin of Tours. We detail their origins, sources, proceedings, evolution and the similarities linking them to previously existing pagan rites. In conclusion, we synthesize all elements and we were able to draw from our cases to establish the continuity of these rituals by several means, the Gallic acculturation of Greco-Roman rituals, importation of Christianized rituals from the East of the Empire and assimilation of local pagan practices within the Christian religion to answer the popular demand for divination.

Let (M,g) be a Riemannian 4-manifold. The twistor space Z->M is a CP1-bundle whose total space Z admits a natural metric h. The aim of this article is to study properties of complex structures on (Z,h) which are compatible with the CP1-fibration and the metric h. The results obtained enable us to translate some metric properties on M in terms of complex properties on its twistor space Z., 23 pages

French Medical Universities programs are still offering inappropriate trainings to young doctors to face the increasing size of vulnerable population and the trend of unequal medical access at the national level. This can explain the disengament of some practitioners in the optimum functioning of the common health system. To respond to this phenomenon, Anglo-Saxon Medical Universities propose foreign clinical internships to young doctors in underdeveloped countries; whereas in France, many newly graduated doctors enroll in humanitarian organizations programs. The purpose of this thesis is to underline the pedagogical interest of a postgraduate medical experience in the context of humanitarian action. A retrospective and descriptive survey was conducted among 62 medical doctors, aged below 35 years old, following their first foreign humanitarian elective within three major French humanitarian organizations. The results of the survey revealed that these experiences have contributed to the development of the young practitioner's competencies in the areas of clinical practice, primary health care and public health care. Besides, the practitioner's behaviors towards vulnerable populations and cultural diversity have changed significantly. Based on these findings, it appears adequate to state that a medical foreign humanitarian experience can validate one semester of a third cycle of French medical school curriculum. To facilitate this, deontology, ethics, appropriate security and coaching of the young practitioners must constitute the basis of a common reflection and partnership between French Medical Universities, Public Health Authority and humanitarian organizations.; La formation des médecins français reste inadaptée au contexte de précarité croissante de la population et à l'inégalité d'accès au soin. Ceci peut expliquer le désengagement de certains praticiens dans le fonctionnement optimum du système de santé commun. Pour faire face à cela, les universités médicales anglo-saxonnes proposent aux jeunes médecins en formation, des stages cliniques à l'étranger auprès de populations démunies. En France, nombreux sont les jeunes médecins qui s'engagent dans les organismes humanitaires. Nous avons cherché à dégager l'intérêt pédagogique d'un stage clinique en mission humanitaire, réalisé à la fin des études médicales. Une enquête rétrospective descriptive a été menée auprès de 62 médecins de moins de 35 ans, ayant vécu une expérience humanitaire au sein de trois organismes français de référence : Médecins Du Monde, Médecins Sans Frontières, Croix Rouge Française. Cette enquête révèle que les missions humanitaires contribuent au développement des compétences de pratique clinique, et développent les capacités en santé primaire et les capacités en santé publique. De plus, les attitudes des praticiens à l'égard des différentes cultures et des populations vulnérables vivant dans des conditions de précarité, changent foncièrement. Il nous paraît possible d'affirmer qu'une expérience de médecine humanitaire puisse valider un semestre de troisième cycle des études médicales. Pour cela, déontologie, éthique, sécurité et encadrement doivent constituer la base d'une réflexion commune et d'un partenariat entre les facultés de médecine, les CHU et les organismes humanitaires.

In this thesis we use the twistor theory in order to build non standard complex structures (with a meaning which we define) on products of 4-manifolds with the sphere of dimension two. To that end, we enumerate the set of complex surfaces whose twistor space is topologically trivial. Among these surfaces, we determine those which admit an antiselfdual riemannian metric. From these results, we deduce a simple family of parallelizable 4-manifolds without complex structure. The twistor space associated with those manifolds admits a complex structure. This is our first class of 6-manifolds with a non standard complex structure. A second class is also build in this work. Finally, and independently, we briefly study the various rational connectedness properties of twistor spaces., Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons la théorie des espaces twistoriels afin de construire des structures complexes non standards (en un sens bien précis) sur des produits de 4-variétés réelles avec la sphère de dimension deux. Pour cela nous explicitons l'ensemble des surfaces complexes dont le fibré twistoriel est topologiquement trivial. Dans un deuxième temps nous déterminons parmi ces surfaces celles qui peuvent être munies d'une métrique riemannienne anti-autoduale. De ces résultats, nous déduisons une famille d'exemples simples de 4-variétés réelles parallélisables sans structure complexe. L'espace twistoriel associé à ces variétés admet une structure complexe. C'est notre première classe de 6-variétés munies d'une structure complexe non standard. Une deuxième classe d'exemple sera construite à partir de ces travaux. Enfin, et de façon indépendante, nous étudions brièvement les propriétés de connexités rationnelles des espaces twistoriels.

In this thesis we use the twistor theory in order to build non standard complex structures (with a meaning which we define) on products of 4-manifolds with the sphere of dimension two. To that end, we enumerate the set of complex surfaces whose twistor space is topologically trivial. Among these surfaces, we determine those which admit an antiselfdual riemannian metric. From these results, we deduce a simple family of parallelizable 4-manifolds without complex structure. The twistor space associated with those manifolds admits a complex structure. This is our first class of 6-manifolds with a non standard complex structure. A second class is also build in this work. Finally, and independently, we briefly study the various rational connectedness properties of twistor spaces., Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons la théorie des espaces twistoriels afin de construire des structures complexes non standards (en un sens bien précis) sur des produits de 4-variétés réelles avec la sphère de dimension deux. Pour cela nous explicitons l'ensemble des surfaces complexes dont le fibré twistoriel est topologiquement trivial. Dans un deuxième temps nous déterminons parmi ces surfaces celles qui peuvent être munies d'une métrique riemannienne anti-autoduale. De ces résultats, nous déduisons une famille d'exemples simples de 4-variétés réelles parallélisables sans structure complexe. L'espace twistoriel associé à ces variétés admet une structure complexe. C'est notre première classe de 6-variétés munies d'une structure complexe non standard. Une deuxième classe d'exemple sera construite à partir de ces travaux. Enfin, et de façon indépendante, nous étudions brièvement les propriétés de connexités rationnelles des espaces twistoriels.

Agricultural landscape heterogeneity divided in two components which are the cultural diversity and the proportion of natural elements may be a factor which can improve conservation biological control within this landscape by promoting global diversity at the origin of this control. In this study, we want to confirm on the one hand if landscape heterogeneity allows to improve predation of aphids and lepidopteran (some significant pests) and on the other hand if it sustains the biodiversity which is measured with a bioindicator (the family of ground beetles) and may content natural enemies of these preys. We could determinate if these hypothesis were confirmed by experimental way within a mixt unity of research (Dynafor-INRA) in the context of one national project (SEBIOPAG) and one international project (Farmland) . These researches confirms that biodiversity is improved with landscape heterogeneity by providing multiple shelters and resources, but not the biological control. Habitat generalist predators are at the origin of the predation processes observed. These predators are not represented by the biodiversity measured in this study and supported by natural elements of the landscape.

In this paper we use the twistor theory in order to build non standard complex structures (with a meaning which we define) on products of 4-manifolds with the sphere of dimension two. To that end, we enumerate the set of complex surfaces whose twistor space is topologically trivial. Among these surfaces, we determine those which admit a spin structure or an anti-selfdual riemannian metric.