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495 results on '"Deschamps, Anne"'

1. Constraining the point source parameters of the 11 November 2019 Mw 4.9 Le Teil earthquake using multiple relocation approaches, first motion and full waveform inversions

Author

Delouis, Bertrand, Oral, Elif, Menager, Marine, Ampuero, Jean-Paul, Guilhem Trilla, Aurélie, Régnier, Marc, and Deschamps, Anne

Subjects
Relative location, Le Teil earthquake, Master event, Focal mechanism, Earthquake location, Waveform inversion, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809, Chemistry, QD1-999, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The point source parameters of the 11 November 2019 Le Teil earthquake (Mw 4.9) in France are revisited. Previous hypocenter determinations either located it on the wrong side of the causative fault, or had to restrain the depth ranges to obtain epicenters compatible with the fault geometry. Here, relocation is carried out with three different approaches: (1) using as a master event an aftershock well-recorded by the post-earthquake temporary seismic network; (2) optimizing the velocity model in two subareas; and (3) using a quarry blast. All three approaches concur in a common epicentral area located in the middle of the rupture, confirming its bilateral character. Hypocentral depth is best constrained at $1.5 \pm 0.5~\mathrm{km}$, a range confirmed by waveform inversion. The dip of the SE-dipping nodal plane corresponding to the fault is not well constrained by waveform inversion, but the focal mechanism at rupture initiation determined with the first motions suggests that fault dip may be constant (50°–60°) from the surface down to 1–1.5 km depth. Optimized velocity models point to a strong velocity contrast, mainly in the $V_p/V_s$ ratio, between the NW and the SE sides of the Cevennes fault system, which clearly correlates with the geology.

Published
2021
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2. Seismotectonics of southeast France: from the Jura mountains to Corsica

Author

Larroque, Christophe, Baize, Stéphane, Albaric, Julie, Jomard, Hervé, Trévisan, Jenny, Godano, Maxime, Cushing, Marc, Deschamps, Anne, Sue, Christian, Delouis, Bertrand, Potin, Bertrand, Courboulex, Françoise, Régnier, Marc, Rivet, Diane, Brunel, Didier, Chèze, Jérôme, Martin, Xavier, Maron, Christophe, and Peix, Fabrice

Subjects
Corsica, Earthquakes, Faults, Jura–Bresse, Southeast basin, Western Alps, Ligurian Sea, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809, Chemistry, QD1-999, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The analysis of the seismicity catalog (1996 to 2019) covering the region from the Jura mountains to Corsica provides a first-order image of the distribution of earthquakes, highlighting large structures such as the Briançonnais and Piedmontais seismic arcs, the eastward deepening of the focal depths through the Western Alps, several large active faults (e.g. Belledonne, Middle Durance, Ligure). Over this period the magnitudes are moderate and the focal mechanisms of the main events display a diversity of seismic behaviors that can be explained by the complexity of the different geological domains with a more or less strong structural inheritage, by variable rheological characteristics at the scale of the crust and by the joint action of different mechanisms of deformation. The distribution of the historical events is in fairly good agreement with the instrumental seismicity, but several earthquakes of $M >6$ are highlighted since the 14th century until the beginning of the 20th.

Published
2021
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3. Rapid response to the M$_{\protect \rm w}$ 4.9 earthquake of November 11, 2019 in Le Teil, Lower Rhône Valley, France

Author

Cornou, Cécile, Ampuero, Jean-Paul, Aubert, Coralie, Audin, Laurence, Baize, Stéphane, Billant, Jérémy, Brenguier, Florent, Causse, Mathieu, Chlieh, Mohamed, Combey, Andy, de Michele, Marcello, Delouis, Bertrand, Deschamps, Anne, Ferry, Matthieu, Foumelis, Michalis, Froment, Bérénice, Gélis, Céline, Grandin, Raphaël, Grasso, Jean-Robert, Hannouz, Estelle, Hok, Sébastien, Jung, Axel, Jolivet, Romain, Langlais, Mickaël, Langlaude, Philippe, Larroque, Christophe, Leloup, Philippe Hervé, Manchuel, Kevin, Marconato, Léo, Maron, Christophe, Mathot, Emmanuel, Maufroy, Emeline, Mercerat, Diego, Metois, Marianne, Nayman, Emmanuelle, Pondaven, Ildut, Provost, Ludmila, Régnier, Julie, Ritz, Jean-François, Rivet, Diane, Schlupp, Antoine, Sladen, Anthony, Voisin, Christophe, Walpersdorf, Andrea, Wolynieck, David, Allemand, Pascal, Beck, Elise, Bertrand, Etienne, Bertrand, Véronique, Briole, Pierre, Brunel, Didier, Cavalié, Olivier, Chèze, Jérôme, Courboulex, Françoise, Douste-Bacque, Isabelle, Dretzen, Rémi, Giampietro, Tiziano, Godano, Maxime, Grandjean, Philippe, Grunberg, Marc, Guerin, Gauthier, Guillot, Stéphane, Haber, Elias El, Hernandez, Alain, Jomard, Hervé, Lasserre, Cécile, Liang, Chao, Lior, Itzhak, Martin, Xavier, Mata, Daniel, Menager, Marine, Mercier, Antoine, Mordret, Aurélien, Oral, Elif, Paul, Anne, Peix, Fabrice, Pequegnat, Catherine, Pernoud, Michel, Satriano, Claudio, Sassi, Rihab, Schaming, Marc, Sellier, Valérie, Sira, Christophe, Socquet, Anne, Sue, Christian, Trilla, Aurélie, Vallée, Martin, van den Ende, Martijn, Vernant, Philippe, Vial, Benjamin, and Weng, Huihui

Subjects
Le Teil earthquake, Rhône valley, Seismic sequence, Post-seismic, Surface rupture, InSAR interferometry, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809, Chemistry, QD1-999, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

On November 11, 2019, a M$_{\mathrm{w}}$ 4.9 earthquake hit the region close to Montelimar (lower Rhône Valley, France), on the eastern margin of the Massif Central close to the external part of the Alps. Occuring in a moderate seismicity area, this earthquake is remarkable for its very shallow focal depth (between 1 and 3 km), its magnitude, and the moderate to large damages it produced in several villages. InSAR interferograms indicated a shallow rupture about 4 km long reaching the surface and the reactivation of the ancient NE–SW La Rouvière normal fault in reverse faulting in agreement with the present-day E–W compressional tectonics. The peculiarity of this earthquake together with a poor coverage of the epicentral region by permanent seismological and geodetic stations triggered the mobilisation of the French post-seismic unit and the broad French scientific community from various institutions, with the deployment of geophysical instruments (seismological and geodesic stations), geological field surveys, and field evaluation of the intensity of the earthquake. Within 7 days after the mainshock, 47 seismological stations were deployed in the epicentral area to improve the Le Teil aftershocks locations relative to the French permanent seismological network (RESIF), monitor the temporal and spatial evolution of microearthquakes close to the fault plane and temporal evolution of the seismic response of 3 damaged historical buildings, and to study suspected site effects and their influence in the distribution of seismic damage. This seismological dataset, completed by data owned by different institutions, was integrated in a homogeneous archive and distributed through FDSN web services by the RESIF data center. This dataset, together with observations of surface rupture evidences, geologic, geodetic and satellite data, will help to unravel the causes and rupture mechanism of this earthquake, and contribute to account in seismic hazard assessment for earthquakes along the major regional Cévenne fault system in a context of present-day compressional tectonics.

Published
2021
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5. Aseismic Motions Drive a Sparse Seismicity During Fluid Injections Into a Fractured Zone in a Carbonate Reservoir

Author

Duboeuf, Laure, De Barros, Louis, Cappa, Frédéric, Guglielmi, Yves, Deschamps, Anne, and Seguy, Simon

Subjects
Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics
Abstract

An increase in fluid pressure in faults can trigger seismicity and large aseismic motions. Understanding how fluid and faults interact is an essential goal for seismic hazard and reservoir monitoring, but this key relation remains unclear. We developed an in situ experiment of fluid injections at a 10 meter scale. Water was injected at high pressure in different geological structures inside a fault damaged zone, in limestone at 280 m depth in the Low Noise Underground Laboratory (France). Induced seismicity, as well as strains, pressure, and flow rate, was continuously monitored during the injections. Although nonreversible deformations related to fracture reactivations were observed for all injections, only a few tests generated seismicity. Events are characterized by a 0.5-to-4 kHz content and a small magnitude (approximately −3.5). They are located within 1.5 m accuracy between 1 and 12 m from the injections. Comparing strain measurements and seismicity shows that more than 96% of the deformation is aseismic. The seismic moment is also small compared to the one expected from the injected volume. Moreover, a dual seismic behavior is observed as (1) the spatiotemporal distribution of some cluster of events is clearly independent from the fluid diffusion (2) while a diffusion-type pattern can be observed for some others clusters. The seismicity might therefore appear as an indirect effect to the fluid pressure, driven by aseismic motion and related stress perturbation transferred through failure.

Published
2017

11. Monitoring of Local Earthquakes in Haiti Using Low-Cost, Citizen-Hosted Seismometers and Regional Broadband Stations

Author

Paul, Sylvert, primary, Monfret, Tony, additional, Courboulex, Françoise, additional, Chèze, Jérôme, additional, Calais, Eric, additional, Julien Symithe, Steeve, additional, Deschamps, Anne, additional, Peix, Fabrice, additional, Ambrois, David, additional, Martin, Xavier, additional, St Fleur, Sadrac, additional, and Boisson, Dominique, additional

Published
2023
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15. Analysis of Seismic, Hydroacoustic and Acoustic Waves Recorded on the Shoreline in the Vicinity of Shallow Underwater Explosions

Author

Beucler, Éric, Bonnin, Mickael, Diego Mercerat, E., Favretto-Cristini, Nathalie, Deschamps, Anne, Ambrois, David, Garlan, Thierry, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Equipe-projet MOUVGS (Cerema Equipe-projet MOUVGS), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Centre d'études et d'expertise sur les risques, l'environnement, la mobilité et l'aménagement - Equipe-projet Repsody (Equipe-projet Repsody), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, ANR-15-ASTR-0001,POSA,Caractérisation de la Propagation des Ondes Sismiques d'origine Anthropique(2015), Deschamps, Anne, and Caractérisation de la Propagation des Ondes Sismiques d'origine Anthropique - - POSA2015 - ANR-15-ASTR-0001 - ASTRID - VALID

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], underwater explosions, seismic records
Abstract

International audience; The French Navy Mine Warfare Office conducted a series of 8 calibrated underwater explosions in December 2018 in the Bay of Hyères, SE France. The charges were ranging from 80 to 680 kg TNT-equivalent weights and the generated mechanical waves have been recorded at 17 seismic stations (composed of velocimeters, accelerometers and/or Microelectomechanical system accelerometers) temporarily deployed within 10 km of the sources. The large sampling rate recordings (> 250 Hz) allow to clearly identify both seismic, hydroacoustic and acoustic waves on the shoreline. The hydroacoustic phases, mostly observed at the rocky sites, rapidly attenuate when propagating on land and seem to be conditioned by the bathymetry and the seabed sedimentary cover. The hydroacoustic onset times can be used very efficiently to infer explosion locations and origin times. The spectrum analyses and site response along the shore and inside a building (church) provide insights on the mitigation of the possible nuisance caused by the disposal of unexploded historical ordnance.

Published
2022

16. Rupture Segmentation of the 14 August 2021 Mw 7.2 Nippes, Haiti, Earthquake Using Aftershock Relocation from a Local Seismic Deployment

Author

Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Douilly, Roby, Paul, Sylvert, Monfret, Tony, Deschamps, Anne, Ambrois, David, Symithe, Steeve J., St Fleur, Sadrac, Courboulex, Françoise, Calais, Eric, Boisson, Dominique, Lépinay, Bernard Mercier de, Font, Yvonne, Chèze, Jérôme, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Douilly, Roby, Paul, Sylvert, Monfret, Tony, Deschamps, Anne, Ambrois, David, Symithe, Steeve J., St Fleur, Sadrac, Courboulex, Françoise, Calais, Eric, Boisson, Dominique, Lépinay, Bernard Mercier de, Font, Yvonne, and Chèze, Jérôme

Abstract

The 14 August 2021 Mw 7.2 Haiti earthquake struck 11 yr after the devastating 2010 event within the Enriquillo Plantain Garden (EPG) fault zone in the Southern peninsula of Haiti. Space geodetic results show that the rupture is composed of both left‐lateral strike‐slip and thrust motion, similar to the 2010 rupture; but aftershock locations from a local short‐period network are too diffuse to precisely delineate the segments that participated in this rupture. A few days after the mainshocks, we installed 12 broadband stations in the epicentral area. Here, we use data from those stations in combination with four local Raspberry Shakes stations that were already in place as part of a citizen seismology experiment to precisely relocate 2528 aftershocks from August to December 2021, and derive 1D P‐ and S‐crustal velocity models for this region. We show that the aftershocks delineate three north‐dipping structures with different strikes, located to the north of the EPG fault. In addition, two smaller aftershock clusters occurred on the EPG fault near the hypocenter area, indicative of triggered seismicity. Focal mechanisms are in agreement with coseismic slip inversion from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data with nodal planes that are consistent with the transpressional structures illustrated by the aftershock zones

Published
2023

17. Monitoring of Local Earthquakes in Haiti Using Low‐Cost, Citizen‐Hosted Seismometers and Regional Broadband Stations

Author

Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Paul, Sylvert, Monfret, Tony, Courboulex, Françoise, Chèze, Jérôme, Calais, Eric, Symithe, Steeve J., Deschamps, Anne, Peix, Fabrice, Ambrois, David, Martin, Xavier, St Fleur, Sadrac, Boisson, Dominique, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Paul, Sylvert, Monfret, Tony, Courboulex, Françoise, Chèze, Jérôme, Calais, Eric, Symithe, Steeve J., Deschamps, Anne, Peix, Fabrice, Ambrois, David, Martin, Xavier, St Fleur, Sadrac, and Boisson, Dominique

Abstract

Seismic monitoring in Haiti is currently provided by a mixed network of low‐cost Raspberry Shake (RS) seismic stations hosted by citizens, and short‐period and broadband stations located mainly in neighboring countries. The level of earthquake detection is constantly improving for a better spatio‐temporal distribution of seismicity as the number of RS increases. In this article, we analyze the impact of the quality of the signals recorded by the RS—low‐cost seismometers with the smallest magnitude that the network can detect by studying the ambient noise level at these stations. Because the RS stations are installed as part of a citizen‐science project, their ambient noise estimated by the power spectral density (PSD) method often shows a high‐noise level at frequencies above 1 Hz. In the near field (<50 km), we show that the network detects seismic events of local magnitude on the order of 2.2 with signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) greater than 4. Improving the network detection threshold requires densifying the network with more RS stations in locations that are less noisy, if possible. In spite of these limitations, this mixed network has provided near‐field data essential to rapidly understand the mechanism of the mainshock of the 14 August 2021 Mw 7.2 earthquake, to monitor its sequence of aftershocks in near‐real time, and to monitor background seismicity in Haiti on a routine basis

Published
2023

18. Short-Range Recordings of Shallow Underwater Explosions with Short-Period and Broadband Seismometers in the Bay of Hyères, France.

Author

Bonnin, Mickaël, Mercerat, E. Diego, Beucler, Éric, Favretto-Cristini, Nathalie, Deschamps, Anne, Ambrois, David, and Garlan, Thierry

Abstract

This study presents the analysis of the seismic records of eight underwater explosions triggered by the French Navy Mine Warfare Office in December 2018 in the Bay of Hyères, southeast France. The explosions (charges of 80-680 kg TNT-equivalent) were recorded by 17 temporary stations composed of medium-to-broadband velocimeters and accelerometers and of microelectromechanical systems accelerometers with sampling rates of 250 or 500 samples per second, installed at less than 10 km from the sources. The relatively high sampling rates used in this study allow us to observe, at the same time, seismic, hydroacoustic, and acoustic signals at the shore. This experiment offers a unique opportunity to investigate the impact at the shore, and in the water, of relatively large-charge weight detonations as well as of the amplification effects of the sedimentary cover. We notably see that the hydroacoustic signal is, at the rocky sites, the most energetic wavepacket recorded, and that its observation seems to be conditioned by the bathymetry and the seabed sedimentary cover. We also show that the hydroacoustic phase can be advantageously used to precisely estimate the location and origin time of the explosions. Finally, analyses of the spectrum and site response along the shore and at a bell tower on the Porquerolles Island provide interesting insights on the mitigation of the possible nuisance caused at the shore by the disposal of unexploded historical ordnance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Seismo-acoustic wave propagation generated by the detonation of UXOs of large charge weights in a shallow water environment

Author

Favretto-Cristini, Nathalie, Deschamps, Anne, Ambrois, David, Bonnin, Mickaël, Beucler, Éric, Diego Mercerat, E., Wang, Fang, Garlan, Thierry, Demoulin, Xavier, Arrigoni, M., Cristini, Paul, Morio, Olivier, Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers Nantes Atlantique (OSUNA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), and École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Acoustic waves, Seismic waves, Detonation, Underwater explosions, Military operations, Acoustic wave propagation, Seismology
Abstract

International audience; Unexploded historical ordnance (UXO) from World War II, that is discovered almost every week close to the French coast, must be destroyed quickly after discovery to ensure the safety of divers and ships. The favored destruction method is countermining, i.e., the use of a high-order detonation conducted by exploding an additional donor charge placed adjacent to the UXO. In the framework of a UXO countermining campaign conducted in the Rade d'Hyères (Mediterranean Sea, France) in December 2018, hydro-acoustic and seismic recording systems have been deployed to record the explosion-induced waves in water and the seismic signals on the shore, respectively (POSA project). In this expanded abstract, we present the main observations and focus on the impact of the shallow water environment (whose water depth is less than 50 m), and more specifically on the impact of the unconsolidated sedimentary layer, on the recorded signals induced by the detonation of charges with weights ranging from 80 to 680 kg TNT-equivalent. We also discuss the acoustic-to-seismic wave conversions.

Published
2022

21. Rupture Segmentation of the 14 August 2021 Mw 7.2 Nippes, Haiti, Earthquake Using Aftershock Relocation from a Local Seismic Deployment

Author

Douilly, Roby, primary, Paul, Sylvert, additional, Monfret, Tony, additional, Deschamps, Anne, additional, Ambrois, David, additional, Symithe, Steeve J., additional, St Fleur, Sadrac, additional, Courboulex, Françoise, additional, Calais, Eric, additional, Boisson, Dominique, additional, de Lépinay, Bernard Mercier, additional, Font, Yvonne, additional, and Chèze, Jérôme, additional

Published
2022
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22. An Atypical Shallow Mw 5.3, 2021 Earthquake in the Western Corinth Rift (Greece)

Author

Zahradník, Jiří, primary, Aissaoui, El Madani, additional, Bernard, Pascal, additional, Briole, Pierre, additional, Bufféral, Simon, additional, De Barros, Louis, additional, Deschamps, Anne, additional, Elias, Panagiotis, additional, Evangelidis, Christos P., additional, Fountoulakis, Ioannis, additional, Gallovič, František, additional, Kapetanidis, Vasilis, additional, Kaviris, George, additional, Ktenidou, Olga‐Joan, additional, Lambotte, Sophie, additional, Lengliné, Olivier, additional, Lyon‐Caen, Helene, additional, Noble, Mark, additional, Plicka, Vladimír, additional, Rigo, Alexis, additional, Roumelioti, Zafeiria, additional, Serpetsidaki, Anna, additional, Sokos, Efthimios, additional, and Voulgaris, Nicholas, additional

Published
2022
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23. Rupture Segmentation of the August 14, 2021 Mw7.2 Haiti Earthquake Using Aftershock Relocation from a Local Seismic Deployment

Author

Douilly, Roby, Paul, Sylvert, Monfret, Tony, Ambrois, David, Deschamps, Anne, Symithe, Steeve, St Fleur, Sadrac, Courboulex, Françoise, Calais, Eric, Boisson, Dominique, Mercier de Lépinay, Bernard, Font, Yvonne, Chèze, Jérôme, and Deschamps, Anne

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

The 14 August 2021 Mw 7.2 Haiti earthquake struck a decade after the devastating 2010 event within the Enriquillo Plantain Garden Fault Zone in the Southern peninsula of Haiti. Space geodetic results show that the rupture is composed of both left-lateral strike-slip and thrust motion, similar to the 2010 rupture, but aftershock locations from a local short-period network are too diffuse to precisely delineate the segments that participated in this rupture. A few days after the mainshocks, 12 broadband stations were installed in the epicentral area. Here we use data from those stations in combination with 4 local Raspberry Shakes stations that were already in place as part of a citizen seismology experiment to precisely relocate 2528 aftershocks from August to December 2021 and also derive one-dimensional P and S crustal velocity models for this region. We show that the aftershocks delineate three north dipping structures with different strikes, located to the north of the Enriquillo fault. Additionally, two smaller aftershock clusters occurred on the Enriquillo fault near the hypocenter area, indicative of triggered seismicity. Focal mechanisms are in agreement with coseismic slip inversion from InSAR data with nodal planes that are consistent with the structures illustrated by the aftershock zones.

Published
2022

24. Prototype Pathogen Approach for Vaccine and Monoclonal Antibody Development: A Critical Component of the NIAID Plan for Pandemic Preparedness.

Author

Cassetti, M Cristina, Pierson, Theodore C, Patterson, L Jean, Bok, Karin, DeRocco, Amanda J, Deschamps, Anne M, Graham, Barney S, Erbelding, Emily J, and Fauci, Anthony S

Subjects
SARS virus, MONOCLONAL antibodies, EMERGING infectious diseases
Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) emerged 20 years ago, presaging a series of subsequent infectious disease epidemics of international concern. The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the importance of targeted preparedness research to enable rapid countermeasure development during a crisis. In December 2021 the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), building upon the successful strategies developed during the SARS-CoV-2 response and to prepare for future pandemics, published a pandemic preparedness plan that outlined a research strategy focused on priority pathogens, technology platforms, and prototype pathogens. To accelerate the discovery, development, and evaluation of medical countermeasures against new or previously unknown pathogens of pandemic potential, we present here a strategy of research directed at select prototype pathogens. In this manner, leveraging a prototype pathogen approach may serve as a powerful cornerstone in biomedical research preparedness to protect public health from newly emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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26. Citizen seismology helps decipher the 2021 Haiti earthquake

Author

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France), European Commission, Institut Universitaire de France, Université Côte d'Azur, Ambassade de France en Haïti, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Calais, Eric, Symithe, Steeve J., Monfret, Tony, Delouis, B., Lomax, A., Courboulex, Françoise, Ampuero, Jean-Paul, Lara, P.E., Bletery, Q., Chèze, Jérôme, Peix, Fabrice, Deschamps, Anne, Lépinay, Bernard Mercier de, Raimbault, B., Jolivet, Romain, Paul, Sylvert, St Fleur, Sadrac, Boisson, Dominique, Fukushima, Y., Duputel, Z., Xu, L., Meng, L., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France), European Commission, Institut Universitaire de France, Université Côte d'Azur, Ambassade de France en Haïti, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Calais, Eric, Symithe, Steeve J., Monfret, Tony, Delouis, B., Lomax, A., Courboulex, Françoise, Ampuero, Jean-Paul, Lara, P.E., Bletery, Q., Chèze, Jérôme, Peix, Fabrice, Deschamps, Anne, Lépinay, Bernard Mercier de, Raimbault, B., Jolivet, Romain, Paul, Sylvert, St Fleur, Sadrac, Boisson, Dominique, Fukushima, Y., Duputel, Z., Xu, L., and Meng, L.

Abstract

On 14 August 2021, the moment magnitude (Mw) 7.2 Nippes earthquake in Haiti occurred within the same fault zone as its devastating 2010 Mw 7.0 predecessor, but struck the country when field access was limited by insecurity and conventional seismometers from the national network were inoperative. A network of citizen seismometers installed in 2019 provided near-field data critical to rapidly understand the mechanism of the mainshock and monitor its aftershock sequence. Their real-time data defined two aftershock clusters that coincide with two areas of coseismic slip derived from inversions of conventional seismological and geodetic data. Machine learning applied to data from the citizen seismometer closest to the mainshock allows us to forecast aftershocks as accurately as with the network-derived catalog. This shows the utility of citizen science contributing to our understanding of a major earthquake

Published
2022

27. Rupture Segmentation of the 14 August 2021 Mw 7.2 Nippes, Haiti, Earthquake Using Aftershock Relocation from a Local Seismic Deployment.

Author

Douilly, Roby, Paul, Sylvert, Monfret, Tony, Deschamps, Anne, Ambrois, David, Symithe, Steeve J., St Fleur, Sadrac, Courboulex, Françoise, Calais, Eric, Boisson, Dominique, de Lépinay, Bernard Mercier, Font, Yvonne, and Chèze, Jérôme

Abstract

The 14 August 2021 MW 7.2 Haiti earthquake struck 11 yr after the devastating 2010 event within the Enriquillo Plantain Garden (EPG) fault zone in the Southern peninsula of Haiti. Space geodetic results show that the rupture is composed of both left-lateral strike-slip and thrust motion, similar to the 2010 rupture; but aftershock locations from a local short-period network are too diffuse to precisely delineate the segments that participated in this rupture. A few days after the mainshocks, we installed 12 broadband stations in the epicentral area. Here, we use data from those stations in combination with four local Raspberry Shakes stations that were already in place as part of a citizen seismology experiment to precisely relocate 2528 aftershocks from August to December 2021, and derive 1D P- and S-crustal velocity models for this region. We show that the aftershocks delineate three north-dipping structures with different strikes, located to the north of the EPG fault. In addition, two smaller aftershock clusters occurred on the EPG fault near the hypocenter area, indicative of triggered seismicity. Focal mechanisms are in agreement with coseismic slip inversion from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data with nodal planes that are consistent with the transpressional structures illustrated by the aftershock zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Assessment of Risks Induced by Countermining Unexploded Large-Charge Historical Ordnance in a Shallow Water Environment—Part I: Real Case Study

Author

Favretto-Cristini, Nathalie, primary, Garlan, Thierry, additional, Morio, Olivier, additional, Demoulin, Xavier, additional, Arrigoni, Michel, additional, Deschamps, Anne, additional, Bonnin, Mickael, additional, Beucler, Eric, additional, Mercerat, E. Diego, additional, Ambrois, David, additional, Schwab, Romain, additional, Cristini, Paul, additional, and Wang, Fang, additional

Published
2022
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30. Building an efficient and inclusive communication strategy for risk reduction in Haiti through a citizen-seismology approach

Author

fallou, laure, primary, Corbet, Alice, additional, Calixte, Nixon, additional, Hurbon, Laennec, additional, Calais, Eric, additional, Theodat, Jean-Marie, additional, Courboulex, Françoise, additional, Bossu, Remy, additional, Guerrier, Kelly, additional, Etienne, Guy, additional, Monfret, Tony, additional, Ampuero, Jean-Paul, additional, Symithe, Steeve, additional, Cheze, Jerome, additional, Peix, Fabrice, additional, Paul, Sylvert, additional, and Deschamps, Anne, additional

Published
2022
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31. Le réseau de sismologie citoyenne en Haïti face au séisme de Nippes (Mw 7.2) du 14 Aout 2021

Author

Courboulex, Françoise, Monfret, Tony, Paul, Sylvert, Calais, Eric, Symithe, Steeve, Chèze, Jérôme, St Fleur, Sadrac, Deschamps, Anne, Delouis, Bertrand, Ampuero, Jean Paul, Peix, Fabrice, Balestra, Julien, Mercier de Lépinay, Bernard, Fallou, Laure, Bossu, Rémy, Corbet, Alice, Boisson, Dominique, Hurbon, Laënnec, Calixte, Nixon, Lomax, Anthony, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire URGéo, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre Sismologique Euro-Méditerranéen, Les Afriques dans le monde (LAM), Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (IEP Bordeaux)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculté des Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Alomax, Résif, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (IEP Bordeaux)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and MALERBA, Solène

Subjects
Sismologie, Earthquake, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], RESIF, [SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Seismology, Séisme
Abstract

International audience; Le 14 Aout 2021, un séisme de magnitude 7.2 frappe le sud d'Haiti, cause la mort de 2500 personnes et la destruction de 53000 maisons. Ce séisme et ses répliques sont bien enregistrés par le réseau sismo-citoyen installé depuis 2019 en Haiti. Les données nous permettent de caractériser le choc principal (PGA de 0.32 g mesuré à 21 km) et de suivre en temps réel l'évolution des répliques (http://ayiti.unice.fr/ayiti-seismes/). La faille a joué sur environ 50km de long avec un mouvement oblique majoritairement compressif à l'est et décrochant à l'ouest.Le réseau sismo-citoyen est actuellement constitué de 15 stations sismologiques à bas coût (Raspberry shake) installées chez des citoyens haïtiens volontaires (données ouvertes).Dans le projet OSMOSE (ANR 2022-2026, PI E. Calais), nous proposons d'étendre ce réseau, de diversifier les hébergeurs (particuliers, écoles, entreprises ...), et de mener un travail interdisciplinaire approfondi entre sociologues et sismologues Haïtiens et Français (Cadre LMI CARIBACT de l'IRD).

Published
2021

33. Rapid response to the M w4.9 earthquake of November 11, 2019 in Le Teil, Lower Rhône Valley, France

Author

Cornou, Cécile, primary, Ampuero, Jean-Paul, additional, Aubert, Coralie, additional, Audin, Laurence, additional, Baize, Stéphane, additional, Billant, Jérémy, additional, Brenguier, Florent, additional, Causse, Mathieu, additional, Chlieh, Mohamed, additional, Combey, Andy, additional, de Michele, Marcello, additional, Delouis, Bertrand, additional, Deschamps, Anne, additional, Ferry, Matthieu, additional, Foumelis, Michalis, additional, Froment, Bérénice, additional, Gélis, Céline, additional, Grandin, Raphaël, additional, Grasso, Jean-Robert, additional, Hannouz, Estelle, additional, Hok, Sébastien, additional, Jung, Axel, additional, Jolivet, Romain, additional, Langlais, Mickaël, additional, Langlaude, Philippe, additional, Larroque, Christophe, additional, Leloup, Philippe Hervé, additional, Manchuel, Kevin, additional, Marconato, Léo, additional, Maron, Christophe, additional, Mathot, Emmanuel, additional, Maufroy, Emeline, additional, Mercerat, Diego, additional, Metois, Marianne, additional, Nayman, Emmanuelle, additional, Pondaven, Ildut, additional, Provost, Ludmila, additional, Régnier, Julie, additional, Ritz, Jean-François, additional, Rivet, Diane, additional, Schlupp, Antoine, additional, Sladen, Anthony, additional, Voisin, Christophe, additional, Walpersdorf, Andrea, additional, Wolynieck, David, additional, Allemand, Pascal, additional, Beck, Elise, additional, Bertrand, Etienne, additional, Bertrand, Véronique, additional, Briole, Pierre, additional, Brunel, Didier, additional, Cavalié, Olivier, additional, Chèze, Jérôme, additional, Courboulex, Françoise, additional, Douste-Bacque, Isabelle, additional, Dretzen, Rémi, additional, Giampietro, Tiziano, additional, Godano, Maxime, additional, Grandjean, Philippe, additional, Grunberg, Marc, additional, Guerin, Gauthier, additional, Guillot, Stéphane, additional, Haber, Elias El, additional, Hernandez, Alain, additional, Jomard, Hervé, additional, Lasserre, Cécile, additional, Liang, Chao, additional, Lior, Itzhak, additional, Martin, Xavier, additional, Mata, Daniel, additional, Menager, Marine, additional, Mercier, Antoine, additional, Mordret, Aurélien, additional, Oral, Elif, additional, Paul, Anne, additional, Peix, Fabrice, additional, Pequegnat, Catherine, additional, Pernoud, Michel, additional, Satriano, Claudio, additional, Sassi, Rihab, additional, Schaming, Marc, additional, Sellier, Valérie, additional, Sira, Christophe, additional, Socquet, Anne, additional, Sue, Christian, additional, Trilla, Aurélie, additional, Vallée, Martin, additional, van den Ende, Martijn, additional, Vernant, Philippe, additional, Vial, Benjamin, additional, and Weng, Huihui, additional

Published
2022
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34. Seismotectonics of southeast France: from the Jura mountains to Corsica

Author

Larroque, Christophe, primary, Baize, Stéphane, additional, Albaric, Julie, additional, Jomard, Hervé, additional, Trévisan, Jenny, additional, Godano, Maxime, additional, Cushing, Marc, additional, Deschamps, Anne, additional, Sue, Christian, additional, Delouis, Bertrand, additional, Potin, Bertrand, additional, Courboulex, Françoise, additional, Régnier, Marc, additional, Rivet, Diane, additional, Brunel, Didier, additional, Chèze, Jérôme, additional, Martin, Xavier, additional, Maron, Christophe, additional, and Peix, Fabrice, additional

Published
2022
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36. Crustal Thinning From Orogen to Back‐Arc Basin: The Structure of the Pannonian Basin Region Revealed by P ‐to‐ S Converted Seismic Waves

Author

Kalmar, Daniel, Hetényi, György, Balazs, Attila, Bondar, Istvan, Abreu, Rafael, Allegretti, Ivo, Apoloner, Maria-Theresia, Aubert, Coralie, Besançon, Simon, Bés de Berc, Maxime, Bianchi, Irene, Bokelmann, Götz, Brunel, Didier, Capello, Marco, Čarman, Martina, Cavaliere, Adriano, Chéze, Jérôme, Chiarabba, Claudio, Clinton, John, Cougoulat, Glenn, C. Crawford, Wayne, Cristiano, Luigia, Czifra, Tibor, D’Alema, Ezio, Danesi, Stefania, Daniel, Romuald, Dannowski, Anke, Dasović, Iva, Deschamps, Anne, Dessa, Jean-Xavier, Doubre, Cécile, Egdorf, Sven, Fiket, Tomislav, Fischer, Kasper, Friederich, Wolfgang, Fuchs, Florian, Funke, Sigward, Giardini, Domenico, Govoni, Aladino, Gráczer, Zoltán, Gröschl, Gidera, Heimers, Stefan, Heit, Ben, Herak, Davorka, Herak, Marijan, Huber, Johann, Jarić, Dejan, Jedlička, Petr, Jia, Yan, Jund, Hélène, Kissling, Edi, Klingen, Stefan, Klotz, Bernhard, Kolínský, Petr, Kopp, Heidrun, Korn, Michael, Kotek, Josef, Kühne, Lothar, Kuk, Krešo, Lange, Dietrich, Loos, Jürgen, Lovati, Sara, Malengros, Deny, Margheriti, Lucia, Maron, Christophe, Martin, Xavier, Massa, Marco, Mazzarini, Francesco, Meier, Thomas, Métral, Laurent, Molinari, Irene, Moretti, Milena, Nardi, Anna, Pahor, Jurij, Paul, Anne, Péquegnat, Catherine, Petersen, Daniel, Pesaresi, Damiano, Piccinini, Davide, Piromallo, Claudia, Plenefisch, Thomas, Plomerová, Jaroslava, Pondrelli, Silvia, Prevolnik, Snježan, Racine, Roman, Régnier, Marc, Reiss, Miriam, Ritter, Joachim, Rümpker, Georg, Salimbeni, Simone, Santulin, Marco, Scherer, Werner, Schippkus, Sven, Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef, Šipka, Vesna, Solarino, Stefano, Spallarossa, Daniele, Spieker, Kathrin, Stipčević, Josip, Strollo, Angelo, Süle, Bálint, Szanyi, Gyöngyvér, Szűcs, Eszter, Thomas, Christine, Thorwart, Martin, Tilmann, Frederik, Ueding, Stefan, Vallocchia, Massimiliano, Vecsey, Luděk, Voigt, René, Wassermann, Joachim, Wéber, Zoltán, Weidle, Christian, Wesztergom, Viktor, Weyland, Gauthier, Wiemer, Stefan, Wolf, Felix Noah, Wolyniec, David, Zieke, Thomas, Živčić, Mladen, and Žlebčíková, Helena

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Thinning, Pannonian basin, 15. Life on land, Geodynamics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Seismic wave, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Back-arc basin, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Geology, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We present the results of P-to-S receiver function analysis to improve the 3D image of the sedimentary layer, the upper crust, and lower crust in the Pannonian Basin area. The Pannonian Basin hosts deep sedimentary depocentres superimposed on a complex basement structure and it is surrounded by mountain belts. We processed waveforms from 221 three-component broadband seismological stations. As a result of the dense station coverage, we were able to achieve so far unprecedented spatial resolution in determining the velocity structure of the crust. We applied a three-fold quality control process; the first two being applied to the observed waveforms and the third to the calculated radial receiver functions. This work is the first comprehensive receiver function study of the entire region. To prepare the inversions, we performed station-wise H-Vp/Vs grid search, as well as Common Conversion Point migration. Our main focus was then the S-wave velocity structure of the area, which we determined by the Neighborhood Algorithm inversion method at each station, where data were sub-divided into back-azimuthal bundles based on similar Ps delay times. The 1D, nonlinear inversions provided the depth of the discontinuities, shear-wave velocities and Vp/Vs ratios of each layer per bundle, and we calculated uncertainty values for each of these parameters. We then developed a 3D interpolation method based on natural neighbor interpolation to obtain the 3D crustal structure from the local inversion results. We present the sedimentary thickness map, the first Conrad depth map and an improved, detailed Moho map, as well as the first upper and lower crustal thickness maps obtained from receiver function analysis. The velocity jump across the Conrad discontinuity is estimated at less than 0.2 km/s over most of the investigated area. We also compare the new Moho map from our approach to simple grid search results and prior knowledge from other techniques. Our Moho depth map presents local variations in the investigated area: the crust-mantle boundary is at 20–26 km beneath the sedimentary basins, while it is situated deeper below the Apuseni Mountains, Transdanubian and North Hungarian Ranges (28–33 km), and it is the deepest beneath the Eastern Alps and the Southern Carpathians (40–45 km). These values reflect well the Neogene evolution of the region, such as crustal thinning of the Pannonian Basin and orogenic thickening in the neighboring mountain belts. ISSN:2169-9313 ISSN:0148-0227 ISSN:2169-9356

Published
2021

37. Rapid response to the Mw 4.9 earthquake of November 11, 2019 in Le Teil, Lower Rhône Valley, France

Author

Cornou, Cécile, Ampuero, Jean-Paul, Aubert, Coralie, Audin, Laurence, Baize, Stéphane, Billant, Jérémy, Brenguier, Florent, Causse, Mathieu, Chlieh, Mohamed, Combey, Andy, De Michele, Marcello, Delouis, Bertrand, Deschamps, Anne, FERRY, Matthieu, Foumelis, Michael, Froment, Bérénice, Gélis, Céline, Grandin, Raphaël, Grasso, Jean-Robert, Hannouz, Estelle, Hok, Sébastien, Jung, Axel, Jolivet, Romain, Langlais, Mickaël, Langlaude, Philippe, Larroque, Christophe, Leloup, Philippe Hervé, Manchuel, Kevin, Marconato, Léo, Maron, Christophe, Mathot, Emmanuel, Maufroy, Emeline, Mercerat, Diego, Métois, Marianne, Neyman, Emmanuelle, Pondaven, Ildut, Provost, Ludmila, Régnier, Julie, Ritz, J.F., Rivet, Diane, Schlupp, Antoine, Sladen, Anthony, Voisin, Christophe, Walpersdorf, Andrea, Wolyniec, David, Allemand, Pascal, Beck, Elise, Bertrand, Etienne, Bertrand, Véronique, Briole, Pierre, Brunel, Didier, Cavalié, Olivier, Chèze, Jérôme, Courboulex, Françoise, Douste-Bacqué, Isabelle, Dretzen, Rémi, Giampietro, Tiziano, Godano, Maxime, Grandjean, Philippe, Grunberg, Marc, Guerin, Gauthier, Guillot, Stephane, Haber, Elias el, Hernandez, Alain, Jomard, Hervé, Lasserre, Cécile, Liang, Chao, Lior, Itzhak, MARTIN, Xavier, Mata, Daniel, Menager, Marine, Mercier, Antoine, Mordret, Aurélien, Oral, Elif, Paul, Anne, Peix, Fabrice, Péquegnat, Catherine, Pernoud, Michel, Satriano, Claudio, Sassi, Rihab, Schaming, Marc, Sellier, Valérie, Sira, Christophe, Socquet, Anne, Sue, christian, Trilla, Aurélie, Vallée, Martin, van den Ende, Martijn, Vernant, Philippe, Vial, Benjamin, Weng, Huihui, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), EDF (EDF), Terradue Srl, Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Terradue (ITALY), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Le Teil Earthquake, RESIF, seismic sequence, post-seismic, Rhône valley
Abstract

International audience; On November 11, 2019, a Mw 4.9 earthquake hit the region close to Montelimar (lower Rhône Valley, France), on the eastern margin of the Massif Central close to the external part of the Alps. Occuring in a moderate seismicity area, this earthquake is remarkable for its very shallow focal depth (between 1 and 3 km), its magnitude, and the moderate to large damages it produced in several villages. InSAR interferograms indicated a shallow rupture about 4 km long reaching the surface and the reactivation of the ancient NE-SW La Rouviere normal fault in reverse faulting in agreement with the present-day E-W compressional tectonics. The peculiarity of this earthquake together with a poor coverage of the epicentral region by permanent seismological and geodetic stations triggered the mobilisation of the French post-seismic unit and the broad French scientific community from various institutions, with the deployment of geophysical instruments (seismological and geodesic stations), geological field surveys, and field evaluation of the intensity of the earthquake. Within 7 days after the mainshock, 47 seismological stations were deployed in the epicentral area to improve the Le Teil aftershocks locations relative to the French permanent seismological network (RESIF), monitor the temporal and spatial evolution of microearthquakes close to the fault plane and temporal evolution of the seismic response of 3 damaged historical buildings, and to study suspected site effects and their influence in the distribution of seismic damage. This seismological dataset, completed by data owned by different institutions, was integrated in a homogeneous archive and distributed through FDSN web services by the RESIF data center. This dataset, together with observations of surface rupture evidences, geologic, geodetic and satellite data, will help to unravel the causes and rupture mechanism of this earthquake, and contribute to account in seismic hazard assessment for earthquakes along the major regional Cévenne fault system in a context of present-day compressional tectonics.

Published
2021

38. Seismicity and seismotectonics of the Albstadt Shear Zone in the northern Alpine foreland

Author

Mader, Sarah, Ritter, Joachim R. R., Reicherter, Klaus, Bokelmann, Götz, Hetényi, György, Abreu, Rafael, Allegretti, Ivo, Apoloner, Maria-Theresia, Aubert, Coralie, Besançon, Simon, Bés de Berc, Maxime, Brunel, Didier, Capello, Marco, Čarman, Martina, Cavaliere, Adriano, Chéze, Jérôme, Chiarabba, Claudio, Clinton, John, Cougoulat, Glenn, C. Crawford, Wayne, Cristiano, Luigia, Czifra, Tibor, D’Alema, Ezio, Danesi, Stefania, Daniel, Romuald, Dannowski, Anke, Dasović, Iva, Deschamps, Anne, Dessa, Jean-Xavier, Doubre, Cécile, Egdorf, Sven, Fiket, Tomislav, Fischer, Kasper, Friederich, Wolfgang, Fuchs, Florian, Funke, Sigward, Giardini, Domenico, Govoni, Aladino, Gráczer, Zoltán, Gröschl, Gidera, Heimers, Stefan, Heit, Ben, Herak, Davorka, Herak, Marijan, Huber, Johann, Jarić, Dejan, Jedlička, Petr, Jia, Yan, Jund, Hélène, Kissling, Edi, Klingen, Stefan, Klotz, Bernhard, Kolínský, Petr, Kopp, Heidrun, Korn, Michael, Kotek, Josef, Kühne, Lothar, Kuk, Krešo, Lange, Dietrich, Loos, Jürgen, Lovati, Sara, Malengros, Deny, Margheriti, Lucia, Maron, Christophe, Martin, Xavier, Massa, Marco, Mazzarini, Francesco, Meier, Thomas, Métral, Laurent, Molinari, Irene, Moretti, Milena, Nardi, Anna, Pahor, Jurij, Paul, Anne, Péquegnat, Catherine, Petersen, Daniel, Pesaresi, Damiano, Piccinini, Davide, Piromallo, Claudia, Plenefisch, Thomas, Plomerová, Jaroslava, Pondrelli, Silvia, Prevolnik, Snježan, Racine, Roman, Régnier, Marc, Reiss, Miriam, Ritter, Joachim, Rümpker, Georg, Salimbeni, Simone, Santulin, Marco, Scherer, Werner, Schippkus, Sven, Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef, Šipka, Vesna, Solarino, Stefano, Spallarossa, Daniele, Spieker, Kathrin, Stipčević, Josip, Strollo, Angelo, Süle, Bálint, Szanyi, Gyöngyvér, Szűcs, Eszter, Thomas, Christine, Thorwart, Martin, Tilmann, Frederik, Ueding, Stefan, Vallocchia, Massimiliano, Vecsey, Luděk, Voigt, René, Wassermann, Joachim, Wéber, Zoltán, Weidle, Christian, Wesztergom, Viktor, Weyland, Gauthier, Wiemer, Stefan, Wolf, Felix Noah, Wolyniec, David, Zieke, Thomas, Živčić, Mladen, and Žlebčíková, Helena

Abstract

The region around the town Albstadt, SW Germany, was struck by four damaging earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 5 during the last century. These earthquakes occurred along the Albstadt Shear Zone (ASZ), which is characterized by more or less continuous microseismicity. As there are no visible surface ruptures that may be connected to the fault zone, we study its characteristics by its seismicity distribution and faulting pattern. We use the earthquake data of the state earthquake service of Baden-Württemberg from 2011 to 2018 and complement it with additional phase picks beginning in 2016 at the AlpArray and StressTransfer seismic networks in the vicinity of the ASZ. This extended data set is used to determine new minimum 1-D seismic vp and vs velocity models and corresponding station delay times for earthquake relocation. Fault plane solutions are determined for selected events, and the principal stress directions are derived. The minimum 1-D seismic velocity models have a simple and stable layering with increasing velocity with depth in the upper crust. The corresponding station delay times can be explained well by the lateral depth variation of the crystalline basement. The relocated events align about north–south with most of the seismic activity between the towns of Tübingen and Albstadt, east of the 9∘ E meridian. The events can be separated into several subclusters that indicate a segmentation of the ASZ. The majority of the 25 determined fault plane solutions feature an NNE–SSW strike but NNW–SSE-striking fault planes are also observed. The main fault plane associated with the ASZ dips steeply, and the rake indicates mainly sinistral strike-slip, but we also find minor components of normal and reverse faulting. The determined direction of the maximum horizontal stress of 140–149∘ is in good agreement with prior studies. Down to ca. 7–8 km depth SHmax is bigger than SV; below this depth, SV is the main stress component. The direction of SHmax indicates that the stress field in the area of the ASZ is mainly generated by the regional plate driving forces and the Alpine topography.

Published
2021

39. Transversely isotropic lower crust of Variscan central Europe imaged by ambient noise tomography of the Bohemian Massif

Author

Kvapil, J., Plomerova, J., Kampfova Exnerova, H., Babuska, V., Hetenyi, G., Abreu , Rafael, Allegretti, Ivo, Apoloner, Maria-Theresia, Aubert, Coralie, Besançon, Simon, Bés de Berc, Maxime, Bokelmann, Götz, Brunel, Didier, Capello, Marco, Čarman, Martina, Cavaliere, Adriano, Chéze, Jérôme, Chiarabba, Claudio, Clinton, John, Cougoulat, Glenn, C. Crawford, Wayne, Cristiano, Luigia, Czifra, Tibor, D’Alema, Ezio, Danesi, Stefania, Daniel, Romuald, Dannowski, Anke, Dasović, Iva, Deschamps, Anne, Dessa, Jean-Xavier, Doubre, Cécile, Egdorf, Sven, Fiket, Tomislav, Fischer, Kasper, Friederich, Wolfgang, Fuchs, Florian, Funke, Sigward, Giardini, Domenico, Govoni, Aladino, Gráczer, Zoltán, Gröschl, Gidera, Heimers, Stefan, Heit, Ben, Herak, Davorka, Herak, Marijan, Huber, Johann, Jarić, Dejan, Jedlička, Petr, Jia, Yan, Jund, Hélène, Kissling, Edi, Klingen, Stefan, Klotz, Bernhard, Kolínský, Petr, Kopp, Heidrun, Korn, Michael, Kotek, Josef, Kühne, Lothar, Kuk, Krešo, Lange, Dietrich, Loos, Jürgen, Lovati, Sara, Malengros, Deny, Margheriti, Lucia, Maron, Christophe, Martin, Xavier, Massa, Marco, Mazzarini, Francesco, Meier, Thomas, Métral, Laurent, Molinari, Irene, Moretti, Milena, Nardi, Anna, Pahor, Jurij, Paul, Anne, Péquegnat, Catherine, Petersen, Daniel, Pesaresi, Damiano, Piccinini, Davide, Piromallo, Claudia, Plenefisch, Thomas, Pondrelli, Silvia, Prevolnik, Snježan, Racine, Roman, Régnier, Marc, Reiss, Miriam, Ritter, Joachim, Rümpker, Georg, Salimbeni, Simone, Santulin, Marco, Scherer, Werner, Schippkus, Sven, Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef, Šipka, Vesna, Solarino, Stefano, Spallarossa, Daniele, Spieker, Kathrin, Stipčević, Josip, Strollo, Angelo, Süle, Bálint, Szanyi, Gyöngyvér, Szűcs, Eszter, Thomas, Christine, Thorwart, Martin, Tilmann, Frederik, Ueding, Stefan, Vallocchia, Massimiliano, Vecsey, Luděk, Voigt, René, Wassermann, Joachim, Wéber, Zoltán, Weidle, Christian, Wesztergom, Viktor, Weyland, Gauthier, Wiemer, Stefan, Wolf, Felix Noah, Wolyniec, David, Zieke, Thomas, Živčić, Mladen, and Žlebčíková, Helena

Subjects
geography, QE1-996.5, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, Pluton, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, Soil Science, Crust, Geology, Massif, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), QE640-699, Geophysics, Shear (geology), Geochemistry and Petrology, Lithosphere, Passive seismic, Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

The recent development of ambient noise tomography, in combination with the increasing number of permanent seismic stations and dense networks of temporary stations operated during passive seismic experiments, provides a unique opportunity to build the first high-resolution 3-D shear wave velocity (vS) model of the entire crust of the Bohemian Massif (BM). This paper provides a regional-scale model of velocity distribution in the BM crust. The velocity model with a cell size of 22 km is built using a conventional two-step inversion approach from Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves measured at more than 400 stations. The shear velocities within the upper crust of the BM are ∼0.2 km s−1 higher than those in its surroundings. The highest crustal velocities appear in its southern part, the Moldanubian unit. The Cadomian part of the region has a thinner crust, whereas the crust assembled, or tectonically transformed in the Variscan period, is thicker. The sharp Moho discontinuity preserves traces of its dynamic development expressed in remnants of Variscan subductions imprinted in bands of crustal thickening. A significant feature of the presented model is the velocity-drop interface (VDI) modelled in the lower part of the crust. We explain this feature by the anisotropic fabric of the lower crust, which is characterised as vertical transverse isotropy with the low velocity being the symmetry axis. The VDI is often interrupted around the boundaries of the crustal units, usually above locally increased velocities in the lowermost crust. Due to the north-west–south-east shortening of the crust and the late-Variscan strike-slip movements along the north-east–south-west oriented sutures preserved in the BM lithosphere, the anisotropic fabric of the lower crust was partly or fully erased along the boundaries of original microplates. These weakened zones accompanied by a velocity increase above the Moho (which indicate an emplacement of mantle rocks into the lower crust) can represent channels through which portions of subducted and later molten rocks have percolated upwards providing magma to subsequently form granitoid plutons.

Published
2021

40. High-Resolution Crustal S-wave Velocity Model and Moho Geometry Beneath the Southeastern Alps: New Insights From the SWATH-D Experiment

Author

Sadeghi-Bagherabadi, Amir, Vuan, Alessandro, Aoudia, Abdelkrim, Parolai, Stefano, Hetényi, György, Abreu, Rafael, Allegretti, Ivo, Apoloner, Maria-Theresia, Aubert, Coralie, Besançon, Simon, Bés de Berc, Maxime, Bokelmann, Götz, Brunel, Didier, Capello, Marco, Čarman, Martina, Cavaliere, Adriano, Chéze, Jérôme, Chiarabba, Claudio, Clinton, John, Cougoulat, Glenn, C. Crawford, Wayne, Cristiano, Luigia, Czifra, Tibor, D’Alema, Ezio, Danesi, Stefania, Daniel, Romuald, Dannowski, Anke, Dasović, Iva, Deschamps, Anne, Dessa, Jean-Xavier, Doubre, Cécile, Egdorf, Sven, Fiket, Tomislav, Fischer, Kasper, Friederich, Wolfgang, Fuchs, Florian, Funke, Sigward, Giardini, Domenico, Govoni, Aladino, Gráczer, Zoltán, Gröschl, Gidera, Heimers, Stefan, Heit, Ben, Herak, Davorka, Herak, Marijan, Huber, Johann, Jarić, Dejan, Jedlička, Petr, Jia, Yan, Jund, Hélène, Kissling, Edi, Klingen, Stefan, Klotz, Bernhard, Kolínský, Petr, Kopp, Heidrun, Korn, Michael, Kotek, Josef, Kühne, Lothar, Kuk, Krešo, Lange, Dietrich, Loos, Jürgen, Lovati, Sara, Malengros, Deny, Margheriti, Lucia, Maron, Christophe, Martin, Xavier, Massa, Marco, Mazzarini, Francesco, Meier, Thomas, Métral, Laurent, Molinari, Irene, Moretti, Milena, Nardi, Anna, Pahor, Jurij, Paul, Anne, Péquegnat, Catherine, Petersen, Daniel, Pesaresi, Damiano, Piccinini, Davide, Piromallo, Claudia, Plenefisch, Thomas, Plomerová, Jaroslava, Pondrelli, Silvia, Prevolnik, Snježan, Racine, Roman, Régnier, Marc, Reiss, Miriam, Ritter, Joachim, Rümpker, Georg, Salimbeni, Simone, Santulin, Marco, Scherer, Werner, Schippkus, Sven, Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef, Šipka, Vesna, Solarino, Stefano, Spallarossa, Daniele, Spieker, Kathrin, Stipčević, Josip, Strollo, Angelo, Süle, Bálint, Szanyi, Gyöngyvér, Szűcs, Eszter, Thomas, Christine, Thorwart, Martin, Tilmann, Frederik, Ueding, Stefan, Vallocchia, Massimiliano, Vecsey, Luděk, Voigt, René, Wassermann, Joachim, Wéber, Zoltán, Weidle, Christian, Wesztergom, Viktor, Weyland, Gauthier, Wiemer, Stefan, Wolf, Felix Noah, Wolyniec, David, Zieke, Thomas, Živčić, Mladen, Žlebčíková, Helena, Hein , Gerrit, Bianchi, Irene, Sadeghi-Bagherabadi, A, Vuan, A, Aoudia, A, and Parolai, S

Subjects
Friuli plain, external Dinaride, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Eastern Alps, Outcrop, external Dinarides, Po plain, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Eastern Alp, ambient noise tomography, Moho, basement, phase velocity, Dispersion (water waves), lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Crust, Basement (geology), 13. Climate action, Surface wave, Magmatism, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, lcsh:Q, Phase velocity, Geology, Seismology
Abstract

We compiled a dataset of continuous recordings from the temporary and permanent seismic networks to compute the high-resolution 3D S-wave velocity model of the Southeastern Alps, the western part of the external Dinarides, and the Friuli and Venetian plains through ambient noise tomography. Part of the dataset is recorded by the SWATH-D temporary network and permanent networks in Italy, Austria, Slovenia and Croatia between October 2017 and July 2018. We computed 4050 vertical component cross-correlations to obtain the empirical Rayleigh wave Green’s functions. The dataset is complemented by adopting 1804 high-quality correlograms from other studies. The fast-marching method for 2D surface wave tomography is applied to the phase velocity dispersion curves in the 2–30 s period band. The resulting local dispersion curves are inverted for 1D S-wave velocity profiles using the non-perturbational and perturbational inversion methods. We assembled the 1D S-wave velocity profiles into a pseudo-3D S-wave velocity model from the surface down to 60 km depth. A range of iso-velocities, representing the crystalline basement depth and the crustal thickness, are determined. We found the average depth over the 2.8–3.0 and 4.1–4.3 km/s iso-velocity ranges to be reasonable representations of the crystalline basement and Moho depths, respectively. The basement depth map shows that the shallower crystalline basement beneath the Schio-Vicenza fault highlights the boundary between the deeper Venetian and Friuli plains to the east and the Po-plain to the west. The estimated Moho depth map displays a thickened crust along the boundary between the Friuli plain and the external Dinarides. It also reveals a N-S narrow corridor of crustal thinning to the east of the junction of Giudicarie and Periadriatic lines, which was not reported by other seismic imaging studies. This corridor of shallower Moho is located beneath the surface outcrop of the Permian magmatic rocks and seems to be connected to the continuation of the Permian magmatism to the deep-seated crust. We compared the shallow crustal velocities and the hypocentral location of the earthquakes in the Southern foothills of the Alps. It revealed that the seismicity mainly occurs in the S-wave velocity range between ∼3.1 and ∼3.6 km/s.

Published
2021

41. Evidence for radial anisotropy in the lower crust of the Apennines from Bayesian ambient noise tomography in Europe

Author

Alder, C., Debayle, E., Bodin, T., Paul, A., Stehly, L., Pedersen, H., Allegretti, Ivo, Apoloner, Maria-Theresia, Aubert, Coralie, Besançon, Simon, Bés de Berc, Maxime, Abreu, Rafael, Brunel, Didier, Capello, Marco, Čarman, Martina, Cavaliere, Adriano, Chéze, Jérôme, Chiarabba, Claudio, Clinton, John, Cougoulat, Glenn, C. Crawford, Wayne, Cristiano, Luigia, Czifra, Tibor, D’Alema, Ezio, Danesi, Stefania, Daniel, Romuald, Dannowski, Anke, Dasović, Iva, Deschamps, Anne, Dessa, Jean-Xavier, Doubre, Cécile, Egdorf, Sven, Fiket, Tomislav, Fischer, Kasper, Friederich, Wolfgang, Fuchs, Florian, Funke, Sigward, Giardini, Domenico, Govoni, Aladino, Gráczer, Zoltán, Gröschl, Gidera, Heimers, Stefan, Heit, Ben, Herak, Davorka, Herak, Marijan, Huber, Johann, Jarić, Dejan, Jedlička, Petr, Jia, Yan, Jund, Hélène, Kissling, Edi, Klingen, Stefan, Klotz, Bernhard, Kolínský, Petr, Kopp, Heidrun, Korn, Michael, Kotek, Josef, Kühne, Lothar, Kuk, Krešo, Lange, Dietrich, Loos, Jürgen, Lovati, Sara, Malengros, Deny, Margheriti, Lucia, Maron, Christophe, Martin, Xavier, Massa, Marco, Mazzarini, Francesco, Meier, Thomas, Métral, Laurent, Molinari, Irene, Moretti, Milena, Nardi, Anna, Pahor, Jurij, Paul, Anne, Péquegnat, Catherine, Petersen, Daniel, Pesaresi, Damiano, Piccinini, Davide, Piromallo, Claudia, Plenefisch, Thomas, Plomerová, Jaroslava, Pondrelli, Silvia, Prevolnik, Snježan, Racine, Roman, Régnier, Marc, Reiss, Miriam, Ritter, Joachim, Rümpker, Georg, Salimbeni, Simone, Santulin, Marco, Scherer, Werner, Schippkus, Sven, Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef, Šipka, Vesna, Solarino, Stefano, Spallarossa, Daniele, Spieker, Kathrin, Stipčević, Josip, Strollo, Angelo, Süle, Bálint, Szanyi, Gyöngyvér, Szűcs, Eszter, Thomas, Christine, Thorwart, Martin, Tilmann, Frederik, Ueding, Stefan, Vallocchia, Massimiliano, Vecsey, Luděk, Voigt, René, Wassermann, Joachim, Wéber, Zoltán, Weidle, Christian, Wesztergom, Viktor, Weyland, Gauthier, Wiemer, Stefan, Wolf, Felix Noah, Wolyniec, David, Zieke, Thomas, Živčić, Mladen, Žlebčíková, Helena, Hein, Gerrit, Bianchi, Irene, Bokelmann, Götz, Hetényi, György, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-15-CE31-0015,AlpArray-FR,Voir et comprendre les Alpes en 3D, de la croûte au manteau(2015), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
Seismic anisotropy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seismic noise, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Bayesian probability, Ambient noise level, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Anisotropy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Seismic tomography, Crust, Europe, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Tomography, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Surface waves and free oscillations, Seismology, Geology
Abstract

SUMMARYProbing seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere provides valuable clues on the fabric of rocks. We present a 3-D probabilistic model of shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy of the crust and uppermost mantle of Europe, focusing on the mountain belts of the Alps and Apennines. The model is built from Love and Rayleigh dispersion curves in the period range 5–149 s. Data are extracted from seismic ambient noise recorded at 1521 broad-band stations, including the AlpArray network. The dispersion curves are first combined in a linearized least squares inversion to obtain 2-D maps of group velocity at each period. Love and Rayleigh maps are then jointly inverted at depth for shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy using a Bayesian Monte Carlo scheme that accounts for the trade-off between radial anisotropy and horizontal layering. The isotropic part of our model is consistent with previous studies. However, our anisotropy maps differ from previous large scale studies that suggested the presence of significant radial anisotropy everywhere in the European crust and shallow upper mantle. We observe instead that radial anisotropy is mostly localized beneath the Apennines while most of the remaining European crust and shallow upper mantle is isotropic. We attribute this difference to trade-offs between radial anisotropy and thin (hectometric) layering in previous studies based on least-squares inversions and long period data (>30 s). In contrast, our approach involves a massive data set of short period measurements and a Bayesian inversion that accounts for thin layering. The positive radial anisotropy (VSH > VSV) observed in the lower crust of the Apennines cannot result from thin layering. We rather attribute it to ductile horizontal flow in response to the recent and present-day extension in the region.

Published
2021

42. The Western Gulf of Corinth (Greece) 2020–2021 Seismic Crisis and Cascading Events: First Results from the Corinth Rift Laboratory Network

Author

Kaviris, George, primary, Elias, Panagiotis, additional, Kapetanidis, Vasilis, additional, Serpetsidaki, Anna, additional, Karakonstantis, Andreas, additional, Plicka, Vladimír, additional, De Barros, Louis, additional, Sokos, Efthimios, additional, Kassaras, Ioannis, additional, Sakkas, Vassilis, additional, Spingos, Ioannis, additional, Lambotte, Sophie, additional, Duverger, Clara, additional, Lengliné, Olivier, additional, Evangelidis, Christos P., additional, Fountoulakis, Ioannis, additional, Ktenidou, Olga-Joan, additional, Gallovič, František, additional, Bufféral, Simon, additional, Klein, Emilie, additional, Aissaoui, El Madani, additional, Scotti, Oona, additional, Lyon-Caen, Helene, additional, Rigo, Alexis, additional, Papadimitriou, Panayotis, additional, Voulgaris, Nicholas, additional, Zahradnik, Jiri, additional, Deschamps, Anne, additional, Briole, Pierre, additional, and Bernard, Pascal, additional

Published
2021
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43. Shear wave splitting in the Alpine region

Author

Hein, Gerrit, Kolínský, Petr, Bianchi, Irene, Bokelmann, Götz, Hetényi, György, Abreu, Rafael, Allegretti, Ivo, Apoloner, Maria-Theresia, Aubert, Coralie, Besançon, Simon, Bés de Berc, Maxime, Brunel, Didier, Capello, Marco, Čarman, Martina, Cavaliere, Adriano, Chéze, Jérôme, Chiarabba, Claudio, Clinton, John, Cougoulat, Glenn, C. Crawford, Wayne, Cristiano, Luigia, Czifra, Tibor, D’Alema, Ezio, Danesi, Stefania, Daniel, Romuald, Dannowski, Anke, Dasović, Iva, Deschamps, Anne, Dessa, Jean-Xavier, Doubre, Cécile, Egdorf, Sven, Fiket, Tomislav, Fischer, Kasper, Friederich, Wolfgang, Fuchs, Florian, Funke, Sigward, Giardini, Domenico, Govoni, Aladino, Gráczer, Zoltán, Gröschl, Gidera, Heimers, Stefan, Heit, Ben, Herak, Davorka, Herak, Marijan, Huber, Johann, Jarić, Dejan, Jedlička, Petr, Jia, Yan, Jund, Hélène, Kissling, Edi, Klingen, Stefan, Klotz, Bernhard, Kopp, Heidrun, Korn, Michael, Kotek, Josef, Kühne, Lothar, Kuk, Krešo, Lange, Dietrich, Loos, Jürgen, Lovati, Sara, Malengros, Deny, Margheriti, Lucia, Maron, Christophe, Martin, Xavier, Massa, Marco, Mazzarini, Francesco, Meier, Thomas, Métral, Laurent, Molinari, Irene, Moretti, Milena, Nardi, Anna, Pahor, Jurij, Paul, Anne, Péquegnat, Catherine, Petersen, Daniel, Pesaresi, Damiano, Piccinini, Davide, Piromallo, Claudia, Plenefisch, Thomas, Plomerová, Jaroslava, Pondrelli, Silvia, Prevolnik, Snježan, Racine, Roman, Régnier, Marc, Reiss, Miriam, Ritter, Joachim, Rümpker, Georg, Salimbeni, Simone, Santulin, Marco, Scherer, Werner, Schippkus, Sven, Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef, Šipka, Vesna, Solarino, Stefano, Spallarossa, Daniele, Spieker, Kathrin, Stipčević, Josip, Strollo, Angelo, Süle, Bálint, Szanyi, Gyöngyvér, Szűcs, Eszter, Thomas, Christine, Thorwart, Martin, Tilmann, Frederik, Ueding, Stefan, Vallocchia, Massimiliano, Vecsey, Luděk, Voigt, René, Wassermann, Joachim, Wéber, Zoltán, Weidle, Christian, Wesztergom, Viktor, Weyland, Gauthier, Wiemer, Stefan, Wolf, Felix Noah, Wolyniec, David, Zieke, Thomas, Živčić, Mladen, and Žlebčíková, Helena

Subjects
Europe, Body waves, Geophysics, Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Shear wave splitting, Geometry, Seismic anisotropy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

SUMMARYTo constrain seismic anisotropy under and around the Alps in Europe, we study SKS shear wave splitting from the region densely covered by the AlpArray seismic network. We apply a technique based on measuring the splitting intensity, constraining well both the fast orientation and the splitting delay. Four years of teleseismic earthquake data were processed, from 723 temporary and permanent broad-band stations of the AlpArray deployment including ocean-bottom seismometers, providing a spatial coverage that is unprecedented. The technique is applied automatically (without human intervention), and it thus provides a reproducible image of anisotropic structure in and around the Alpine region. As in earlier studies, we observe a coherent rotation of fast axes in the western part of the Alpine chain, and a region of homogeneous fast orientation in the Central Alps. The spatial variation of splitting delay times is particularly interesting though. On one hand, there is a clear positive correlation with Alpine topography, suggesting that part of the seismic anisotropy (deformation) is caused by the Alpine orogeny. On the other hand, anisotropic strength around the mountain chain shows a distinct contrast between the Western and Eastern Alps. This difference is best explained by the more active mantle flow around the Western Alps. The new observational constraints, especially the splitting delay, provide new information on Alpine geodynamics.

Published
2021

44. Influence of the ambient noise level of Raspberry Shake seismographs on the performance of the Ayiti-séismes platform

Author

Paul, Sylvert, Monfret, Tony, Courboulex, Françoise, Calais, Eric, St Fleur, Sadrac, Symithe, Steeve Julien, Deschamps, Anne, Chèze, Jérôme, Peix, Fabrice, and PAUL, Sylvert

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Ayiti-séismes, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, power spectral density, Raspberry Shake, ambient noise
Abstract

The development of low-cost Raspberry Shake (RS) seismological stations capable of providing scientifically relevantseismological information in near-real time has enabled a Haitian citizen network to be set up as part of a participatoryseismology experiment that Started in July 2019. This network currently operates 12 RS instruments. These are associatedwith broadband stations (BB) of the Bureau of Mines and Energy of Haiti (BME) and the Canadian National SeismographNetwork (CNSN) for the continuous monitoring of seismicity in Haiti. All these stations are combined with other stations inthe region for the detection and automatic location of earthquakes in Haiti, with an open broadcast from the Ayiti-Séismes(https://ayiti.unice.fr/ayiti-seismes/) platform.While the BB sensors are placed in relatively quiet places and benefit from a professional installation, the RS stations areplaced in private homes, sometimes in their living room or garden. Due to the variability of the quality of their internetcommunication and power, the percentage of available RS recordings varies considerably from one site to another. Moreover,these recordings are only available in a reduced range of frequencies and are a priori of lower quality, as they are attenuatedby local ambient noise. We propose here to quantify the effect of this noise and the impact of the environment on the qualityof the recorded seismic signals.To do so, we analyzed a set of data sets, from a period of one month with a minimum availability of 84.8%, from ten RS andone SDDR broadband station located in the Dominican Republic. To quantify the noise, we estimate the Power SpectralDensity (PSD) of the noise at 1/8 octave bands that we accumulate in 1 dB bands. Then, we perform a static analysis of theset of PSD curves computed at each of the study stations to present the final result as a probability density function (PDF).For the final evaluation of the ambient noise variation around each station, we retain the highest probability noise level whichis the statistical mode of the noise levels from the PDFs. The results thus obtained show overall that the environment of thestations is very noisy. However, RS R50D4, located 21 km from the epicenter of the August 14, 2021 earthquake, has anacceptable noise level compared to the SDDR station, taken as the reference station in this study. Based on the appreciablenoise level of this station, we conclude that a favorable path to detect and locate low magnitude and ultimately decrease themagnitude of completeness would be to multiply the RS while following the installation protocol of R50D4. Despite a highambient noise level for the majority of RS stations, a large number of seismic events could be detected and located in Haitiand near its borders.In the near future, we plan to install 30 additional RS stations in Haiti to improve the detection and characterization of eventsof magnitude lower than 2.5.

Published
2021

45. Relocation of earthquakes in the southern and eastern Alps (Austria, Italy) recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network using a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion

Author

Jozi Najafabadi, A., Haberland, Christian, Ryberg, Trond, Verwater, V. F., Le Breton, E., Handy, M. R., Weber, Michael, Apoloner, Maria-Theresia, Aubert, Coralie, Besançon, Simon, Bés de Berc, Maxime, Bokelmann, Götz, Brunel, Didier, Capello, Marco, Čarman, Martina, Cavaliere, Adriano, Chéze, Jérôme, Chiarabba, Claudio, Clinton, John, Cougoulat, Glenn, C. Crawford, Wayne, Cristiano, Luigia, Czifra, Tibor, D’Alema, Ezio, Danesi, Stefania, Daniel, Romuald, Dannowski, Anke, Dasović, Iva, Deschamps, Anne, Dessa, Jean-Xavier, Doubre, Cécile, Egdorf, Sven, Fiket, Tomislav, Fischer, Kasper, Friederich, Wolfgang, Fuchs, Florian, Funke, Sigward, Giardini, Domenico, Govoni, Aladino, Gráczer, Zoltán, Gröschl, Gidera, Heimers, Stefan, Heit, Ben, Herak, Davorka, Herak, Marijan, Huber, Johann, Jarić, Dejan, Jedlička, Petr, Jia, Yan, Jund, Hélène, Kissling, Edi, Klingen, Stefan, Klotz, Bernhard, Kolínský, Petr, Kopp, Heidrun, Korn, Michael, Kotek, Josef, Kühne, Lothar, Kuk, Krešo, Lange, Dietrich, Loos, Jürgen, Lovati, Sara, Malengros, Deny, Margheriti, Lucia, Maron, Christophe, Martin, Xavier, Massa, Marco, Mazzarini, Francesco, Meier, Thomas, Métral, Laurent, Molinari, Irene, Moretti, Milena, Nardi, Anna, Pahor, Jurij, Paul, Anne, Péquegnat, Catherine, Petersen, Daniel, Pesaresi, Damiano, Piccinini, Davide, Piromallo, Claudia, Plenefisch, Thomas, Plomerová, Jaroslava, Pondrelli, Silvia, Prevolnik, Snježan, Racine, Roman, Régnier, Marc, Reiss, Miriam, Ritter, Joachim, Rümpker, Georg, Salimbeni, Simone, Santulin, Marco, Scherer, Werner, Schippkus, Sven, Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef, Šipka, Vesna, Solarino, Stefano, Spallarossa, Daniele, Spieker, Kathrin, Stipčević, Josip, Strollo, Angelo, Süle, Bálint, Szanyi, Gyöngyvér, Szűcs, Eszter, Thomas, Christine, Thorwart, Martin, Tilmann, Frederik, Ueding, Stefan, Vallocchia, Massimiliano, Vecsey, Luděk, Voigt, René, Wassermann, Joachim, Wéber, Zoltán, Weidle, Christian, Wesztergom, Viktor, Weyland, Gauthier, Wiemer, Stefan, Wolf, Felix Noah, Wolyniec, David, Zieke, Thomas, Živčić, Mladen, Žlebčíková, Helena, Abreu, Rafael, Allegretti, Ivo, Al-Halbouni, Djamil, Jozi Najafabadi, A., Haberland, Christian, Ryberg, Trond, Verwater, V. F., Le Breton, E., Handy, M. R., Weber, Michael, Apoloner, Maria-Theresia, Aubert, Coralie, Besançon, Simon, Bés de Berc, Maxime, Bokelmann, Götz, Brunel, Didier, Capello, Marco, Čarman, Martina, Cavaliere, Adriano, Chéze, Jérôme, Chiarabba, Claudio, Clinton, John, Cougoulat, Glenn, C. Crawford, Wayne, Cristiano, Luigia, Czifra, Tibor, D’Alema, Ezio, Danesi, Stefania, Daniel, Romuald, Dannowski, Anke, Dasović, Iva, Deschamps, Anne, Dessa, Jean-Xavier, Doubre, Cécile, Egdorf, Sven, Fiket, Tomislav, Fischer, Kasper, Friederich, Wolfgang, Fuchs, Florian, Funke, Sigward, Giardini, Domenico, Govoni, Aladino, Gráczer, Zoltán, Gröschl, Gidera, Heimers, Stefan, Heit, Ben, Herak, Davorka, Herak, Marijan, Huber, Johann, Jarić, Dejan, Jedlička, Petr, Jia, Yan, Jund, Hélène, Kissling, Edi, Klingen, Stefan, Klotz, Bernhard, Kolínský, Petr, Kopp, Heidrun, Korn, Michael, Kotek, Josef, Kühne, Lothar, Kuk, Krešo, Lange, Dietrich, Loos, Jürgen, Lovati, Sara, Malengros, Deny, Margheriti, Lucia, Maron, Christophe, Martin, Xavier, Massa, Marco, Mazzarini, Francesco, Meier, Thomas, Métral, Laurent, Molinari, Irene, Moretti, Milena, Nardi, Anna, Pahor, Jurij, Paul, Anne, Péquegnat, Catherine, Petersen, Daniel, Pesaresi, Damiano, Piccinini, Davide, Piromallo, Claudia, Plenefisch, Thomas, Plomerová, Jaroslava, Pondrelli, Silvia, Prevolnik, Snježan, Racine, Roman, Régnier, Marc, Reiss, Miriam, Ritter, Joachim, Rümpker, Georg, Salimbeni, Simone, Santulin, Marco, Scherer, Werner, Schippkus, Sven, Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef, Šipka, Vesna, Solarino, Stefano, Spallarossa, Daniele, Spieker, Kathrin, Stipčević, Josip, Strollo, Angelo, Süle, Bálint, Szanyi, Gyöngyvér, Szűcs, Eszter, Thomas, Christine, Thorwart, Martin, Tilmann, Frederik, Ueding, Stefan, Vallocchia, Massimiliano, Vecsey, Luděk, Voigt, René, Wassermann, Joachim, Wéber, Zoltán, Weidle, Christian, Wesztergom, Viktor, Weyland, Gauthier, Wiemer, Stefan, Wolf, Felix Noah, Wolyniec, David, Zieke, Thomas, Živčić, Mladen, Žlebčíková, Helena, Abreu, Rafael, Allegretti, Ivo, and Al-Halbouni, Djamil

Abstract

In this study, we analyzed a large seismological dataset from temporary and permanent networks in the southern and eastern Alps to establish high-precision hypocenters and 1-D VP and VP/VS models. The waveform data of a subset of local earthquakes with magnitudes in the range of 1–4.2 ML were recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network and selected stations of the AlpArray network between September 2017 and the end of 2018. The first arrival times of P and S waves of earthquakes are determined by a semi-automatic procedure. We applied a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion method to simultaneously calculate robust hypocenters, a 1-D velocity model, and station corrections without prior assumptions, such as initial velocity models or earthquake locations. A further advantage of this method is the derivation of the model parameter uncertainties and noise levels of the data. The precision estimates of the localization procedure is checked by inverting a synthetic travel time dataset from a complex 3-D velocity model and by using the real stations and earthquakes geometry. The location accuracy is further investigated by a quarry blast test. The average uncertainties of the locations of the earthquakes are below 500 m in their epicenter and ∼ 1.7 km in depth. The earthquake distribution reveals seismicity in the upper crust (0–20 km), which is characterized by pronounced clusters along the Alpine frontal thrust, e.g., the Friuli-Venetia (FV) region, the Giudicarie–Lessini (GL) and Schio-Vicenza domains, the Austroalpine nappes, and the Inntal area. Some seismicity also occurs along the Periadriatic Fault. The general pattern of seismicity reflects head-on convergence of the Adriatic indenter with the Alpine orogenic crust. The seismicity in the FV and GL regions is deeper than the modeled frontal thrusts, which we interpret as indication for southward propagation of the southern Alpine deformation front (blind thrusts).

Published
2021
Full Text
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46. Shear-wave velocity structure beneath the Dinarides from the inversion of Rayleigh-wave dispersion

Author

Belinic, Tena, Kolínský, Petr, Stipčević, Josip, Abreu, Rafael, Allegretti, Ivo, Apoloner, Maria-Theresia, Aubert, Coralie, Besançon, Simon, Bés de Berc, Maxime, Bianchi, Irene, Bokelmann, Götz, Brunel, Didier, Capello, Marco, Čarman, Martina, Cavaliere, Adriano, Chéze, Jérôme, Chiarabba, Claudio, Clinton, John, Cougoulat, Glenn, C. Crawford, Wayne, Cristiano, Luigia, Czifra, Tibor, D’Alema, Ezio, Danesi, Stefania, Daniel, Romuald, Dannowski, Anke, Dasović, Iva, Deschamps, Anne, Dessa, Jean-Xavier, Doubre, Cécile, Egdorf, Sven, Fiket, Tomislav, Fischer, Kasper, Friederich, Wolfgang, Fuchs, Florian, Funke, Sigward, Giardini, Domenico, Govoni, Aladino, Gráczer, Zoltán, Gröschl, Gidera, Heimers, Stefan, Heit, Ben, Herak, Davorka, Herak, Marijan, Huber, Johann, Jarić, Dejan, Jedlička, Petr, Jia, Yan, Jund, Hélène, Kissling, Edi, Klingen, Stefan, Klotz, Bernhard, Kopp, Heidrun, Korn, Michael, Kotek, Josef, Kühne, Lothar, Kuk, Krešo, Lange, Dietrich, Loos, Jürgen, Lovati, Sara, Malengros, Deny, Margheriti, Lucia, Maron, Christophe, Martin, Xavier, Massa, Marco, Mazzarini, Francesco, Meier, Thomas, Métral, Laurent, Molinari, Irene, Moretti, Milena, Nardi, Anna, Pahor, Jurij, Paul, Anne, Péquegnat, Catherine, Petersen, Daniel, Pesaresi, Damiano, Piccinini, Davide, Piromallo, Claudia, Plenefisch, Thomas, Plomerová, Jaroslava, Pondrelli, Silvia, Prevolnik, Snježan, Racine, Roman, Régnier, Marc, Reiss, Miriam, Ritter, Joachim, Rümpker, Georg, Salimbeni, Simone, Santulin, Marco, Scherer, Werner, Schippkus, Sven, Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef, Šipka, Vesna, Solarino, Stefano, Spallarossa, Daniele, Spieker, Kathrin, Strollo, Angelo, Süle, Bálint, Szanyi, Gyöngyvér, Szűcs, Eszter, Thomas, Christine, Thorwart, Martin, Tilmann, Frederik, Ueding, Stefan, Vallocchia, Massimiliano, Vecsey, Luděk, Voigt, René, Wassermann, Joachim, Wéber, Zoltán, Weidle, Christian, Wesztergom, Viktor, Weyland, Gauthier, Wiemer, Stefan, Wolf, Felix Noah, Wolyniec, David, Zieke, Thomas, Živčić, Mladen, Žlebčíková, Helena, Belinic, Tena, Kolínský, Petr, Stipčević, Josip, Abreu, Rafael, Allegretti, Ivo, Apoloner, Maria-Theresia, Aubert, Coralie, Besançon, Simon, Bés de Berc, Maxime, Bianchi, Irene, Bokelmann, Götz, Brunel, Didier, Capello, Marco, Čarman, Martina, Cavaliere, Adriano, Chéze, Jérôme, Chiarabba, Claudio, Clinton, John, Cougoulat, Glenn, C. Crawford, Wayne, Cristiano, Luigia, Czifra, Tibor, D’Alema, Ezio, Danesi, Stefania, Daniel, Romuald, Dannowski, Anke, Dasović, Iva, Deschamps, Anne, Dessa, Jean-Xavier, Doubre, Cécile, Egdorf, Sven, Fiket, Tomislav, Fischer, Kasper, Friederich, Wolfgang, Fuchs, Florian, Funke, Sigward, Giardini, Domenico, Govoni, Aladino, Gráczer, Zoltán, Gröschl, Gidera, Heimers, Stefan, Heit, Ben, Herak, Davorka, Herak, Marijan, Huber, Johann, Jarić, Dejan, Jedlička, Petr, Jia, Yan, Jund, Hélène, Kissling, Edi, Klingen, Stefan, Klotz, Bernhard, Kopp, Heidrun, Korn, Michael, Kotek, Josef, Kühne, Lothar, Kuk, Krešo, Lange, Dietrich, Loos, Jürgen, Lovati, Sara, Malengros, Deny, Margheriti, Lucia, Maron, Christophe, Martin, Xavier, Massa, Marco, Mazzarini, Francesco, Meier, Thomas, Métral, Laurent, Molinari, Irene, Moretti, Milena, Nardi, Anna, Pahor, Jurij, Paul, Anne, Péquegnat, Catherine, Petersen, Daniel, Pesaresi, Damiano, Piccinini, Davide, Piromallo, Claudia, Plenefisch, Thomas, Plomerová, Jaroslava, Pondrelli, Silvia, Prevolnik, Snježan, Racine, Roman, Régnier, Marc, Reiss, Miriam, Ritter, Joachim, Rümpker, Georg, Salimbeni, Simone, Santulin, Marco, Scherer, Werner, Schippkus, Sven, Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef, Šipka, Vesna, Solarino, Stefano, Spallarossa, Daniele, Spieker, Kathrin, Strollo, Angelo, Süle, Bálint, Szanyi, Gyöngyvér, Szűcs, Eszter, Thomas, Christine, Thorwart, Martin, Tilmann, Frederik, Ueding, Stefan, Vallocchia, Massimiliano, Vecsey, Luděk, Voigt, René, Wassermann, Joachim, Wéber, Zoltán, Weidle, Christian, Wesztergom, Viktor, Weyland, Gauthier, Wiemer, Stefan, Wolf, Felix Noah, Wolyniec, David, Zieke, Thomas, Živčić, Mladen, and Žlebčíková, Helena

Abstract

Highlights • Rayleigh-wave phase velocity in the wider Dinarides region using the two-station method. • Uppermost mantle shear-wave velocity model of the Dinarides-Adriatic Sea region. • Velocity model reveals a robust high-velocity anomaly present under the whole Dinarides. • High-velocity anomaly reaches depth of 160 km in the northern Dinarides to more than 200 km under southern Dinarides. • New structural model incorporating delamination as one of the processes controlling the continental collision in the Dinarides. The interaction between the Adriatic microplate (Adria) and Eurasia is the main driving factor in the central Mediterranean tectonics. Their interplay has shaped the geodynamics of the whole region and formed several mountain belts including Alps, Dinarides and Apennines. Among these, Dinarides are the least investigated and little is known about the underlying geodynamic processes. There are numerous open questions about the current state of interaction between Adria and Eurasia under the Dinaric domain. One of the most interesting is the nature of lithospheric underthrusting of Adriatic plate, e.g. length of the slab or varying slab disposition along the orogen. Previous investigations have found a low-velocity zone in the uppermost mantle under the northern-central Dinarides which was interpreted as a slab gap. Conversely, several newer studies have indicated the presence of the continuous slab under the Dinarides with no trace of the low velocity zone. Thus, to investigate the Dinaric mantle structure further, we use regional-to-teleseismic surface-wave records from 98 seismic stations in the wider Dinarides region to create a 3D shear-wave velocity model. More precisely, a two-station method is used to extract Rayleigh-wave phase velocity while tomography and 1D inversion of the phase velocity are employed to map the depth dependent shear-wave velocity. Resulting velocity model reveals a robust high-velocity anomaly present under the whole Dinar

Published
2021
Full Text
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47. Seismo-acoustic wave propagation in the Rade of Hyères (France) generated by counter-mining of explosive devices : risk assessment from the comparison between numerical simulations and real experiments

Author

Favretto-Cristini, Nathalie, Wang, Fang, Garlan, Thierry, Morio, Olivier, Deschamps, Anne, Ambrois, David, Mercerat, Diego, Demoulin, Xavier, Beucler, Éric, Bonnin, Mickaël, Cristini, Paul, Monteiller, Vadim, Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), Shenzhen University [Shenzhen], Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre d'études et d'expertise sur les risques, l'environnement, la mobilité et l'aménagement - Equipe-projet Repsody (Equipe-projet Repsody), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Auteur indépendant, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers Nantes Atlantiques (OSUNA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Ondes et Imagerie (O&I), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], underwater acoustics, interface waves, seismics, 13. Climate action, counter-mining, 14. Life underwater, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Explosive devices from World War II are discovered almost every week on the French coasts and they must be destroyed by the French Navy Mine Warfare Office. The consequences of the counter-mining on the marine environment are complex to evaluate. Depending on the environment geology, the explosive charges and their localization, the seismo-acoustic waves generated by the explosion may cause damage to infrastructures located on the coast, and under specific conditions small submarine landslides. The ANR ASTRID POSA project proposed to address the risk assessment issue on the Mediterranean coast. The main originality of this project lied in the approach used that combines geological measurements, acoustic data recorded within the sea coastal zone and seismic data recorded on the coast, together with numerical simulations of seismo-acoustic wave propagation. We propose here to present the results of such a methodology applied to the counter-mining campaign that occurred in the Rade of Hyères (France) in December 2018. We focus more specifically on the numerical simulations of seismo-acoustic wave propagation from the location of the device explosion to several seismometers deployed on the coast of Hyères. From topographical and sedimentary measurements performed in the Rade of Hyères, physical and geometrical characteristics of the marine seabed have been carefully selected as input data for numerical simulations. In addition, a particular attention has been paid to the measured characteristics of the device explosion (source). The numerical simulations have then been conducted using a spectral-element method. The impact of the explosive device charge and its location (on the seabed or in the water column), together with the impact of the marine environment properties, on the simulated signals have been studied. Finally, the numerical results have been compared with the real signals recorded by the seismometers. The risks of land degradation have been evaluated afterwards.

Published
2020

48. Relocation of earthquakes in the Southern and Eastern Alps (Austria, Italy) recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH–D network using a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion

Author

Jozi Najafabadi, A., Haberland, Christian, Ryberg, Trond, Verwater, V. F., Le Breton, E., Handy, M. R., Weber, Michael, Apoloner, Maria-Theresia, Aubert, Coralie, Besançon, Simon, Bés de Berc, Maxime, Bokelmann, Götz, Brunel, Didier, Capello, Marco, Čarman, Martina, Cavaliere, Adriano, Chéze, Jérôme, Chiarabba, Claudio, Clinton, John, Cougoulat, Glenn, C. Crawford, Wayne, Cristiano, Luigia, Czifra, Tibor, D’Alema, Ezio, Danesi, Stefania, Daniel, Romuald, Dannowski, Anke, Dasović, Iva, Deschamps, Anne, Dessa, Jean-Xavier, Doubre, Cécile, Egdorf, Sven, Fiket, Tomislav, Fischer, Kasper, Friederich, Wolfgang, Fuchs, Florian, Funke, Sigward, Giardini, Domenico, Govoni, Aladino, Gráczer, Zoltán, Gröschl, Gidera, Heimers, Stefan, Heit, Ben, Herak, Davorka, Herak, Marijan, Huber, Johann, Jarić, Dejan, Jedlička, Petr, Jia, Yan, Jund, Hélène, Kissling, Edi, Klingen, Stefan, Klotz, Bernhard, Kolínský, Petr, Kopp, Heidrun, Korn, Michael, Kotek, Josef, Kühne, Lothar, Kuk, Krešo, Lange, Dietrich, Loos, Jürgen, Lovati, Sara, Malengros, Deny, Margheriti, Lucia, Maron, Christophe, Martin, Xavier, Massa, Marco, Mazzarini, Francesco, Meier, Thomas, Métral, Laurent, Molinari, Irene, Moretti, Milena, Nardi, Anna, Pahor, Jurij, Paul, Anne, Péquegnat, Catherine, Petersen, Daniel, Pesaresi, Damiano, Piccinini, Davide, Piromallo, Claudia, Plenefisch, Thomas, Plomerová, Jaroslava, Pondrelli, Silvia, Prevolnik, Snježan, Racine, Roman, Régnier, Marc, Reiss, Miriam, Ritter, Joachim, Rümpker, Georg, Salimbeni, Simone, Santulin, Marco, Scherer, Werner, Schippkus, Sven, Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef, Šipka, Vesna, Solarino, Stefano, Spallarossa, Daniele, Spieker, Kathrin, Stipčević, Josip, Strollo, Angelo, Süle, Bálint, Szanyi, Gyöngyvér, Szűcs, Eszter, Thomas, Christine, Thorwart, Martin, Tilmann, Frederik, Ueding, Stefan, Vallocchia, Massimiliano, Vecsey, Luděk, Voigt, René, Wassermann, Joachim, Wéber, Zoltán, Weidle, Christian, Wesztergom, Viktor, Weyland, Gauthier, Wiemer, Stefan, Wolf, Felix Noah, Wolyniec, David, Zieke, Thomas, Živčić, Mladen, Žlebčíková, Helena, Abreu, Rafael, Allegretti, Ivo, and Al-Halbouni, Djamil

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, Inversion (geology), Soil Science, Inverse transform sampling, Fault (geology), Induced seismicity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, relocation, Nappe, symbols.namesake, Geochemistry and Petrology, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften, earthquakes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, QE1-996.5, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Alps, Paleontology, Geology, Crust, Markov chain Monte Carlo, QE640-699, Geophysics, Epicenter, symbols, Seismology
Abstract

In this study, we analyzed a large seismological dataset from temporary and permanent networks in the southern and eastern Alps to establish high-precision hypocenters and 1-D VP and VP/VS models. The waveform data of a subset of local earthquakes with magnitudes in the range of 1–4.2 ML were recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network and selected stations of the AlpArray network between September 2017 and the end of 2018. The first arrival times of P and S waves of earthquakes are determined by a semi-automatic procedure. We applied a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion method to simultaneously calculate robust hypocenters, a 1-D velocity model, and station corrections without prior assumptions, such as initial velocity models or earthquake locations. A further advantage of this method is the derivation of the model parameter uncertainties and noise levels of the data. The precision estimates of the localization procedure is checked by inverting a synthetic travel time dataset from a complex 3-D velocity model and by using the real stations and earthquakes geometry. The location accuracy is further investigated by a quarry blast test. The average uncertainties of the locations of the earthquakes are below 500 m in their epicenter and ∼ 1.7 km in depth. The earthquake distribution reveals seismicity in the upper crust (0–20 km), which is characterized by pronounced clusters along the Alpine frontal thrust, e.g., the Friuli-Venetia (FV) region, the Giudicarie–Lessini (GL) and Schio-Vicenza domains, the Austroalpine nappes, and the Inntal area. Some seismicity also occurs along the Periadriatic Fault. The general pattern of seismicity reflects head-on convergence of the Adriatic indenter with the Alpine orogenic crust. The seismicity in the FV and GL regions is deeper than the modeled frontal thrusts, which we interpret as indication for southward propagation of the southern Alpine deformation front (blind thrusts).

Published
2020

50. Activation of a novel estrogen receptor, GPER, is cardioprotective in male and female rats

Author

Deschamps, Anne M. and Murphy, Elizabeth

Subjects
Estrogen -- Research, Estrogen -- Physiological aspects, Rats -- Research, Rats -- Physiological aspects, Rattus -- Research, Rattus -- Physiological aspects, G proteins -- Research, G proteins -- Physiological aspects, Cardiac glycosides -- Usage, Cardiac glycosides -- Health aspects, Cardiotonic agents -- Usage, Cardiotonic agents -- Health aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Premenopausal females have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease than their male counterparts, but the mechanism is unclear. Estrogen has been thought to signal through two nuclear receptors: estrogen receptor-[alpha] or estrogen receptor-[beta]; however, a third, membrane-bound receptor G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), has been identified and shown to bind estrogen with high affinity. To date, there is little information on GPER in the heart and no study has looked at the effect of GPER activation during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether activation of GPER is cardioprotective in rats. A highly specific GPER agonist, G-1, was administered to Sprague-Dawley (200-350 g) rat hearts 10 min before 20 min of ischemic followed by 120 min of reperfusion using a Langendorff model. Similar levels of GPER were found in both male and female rat hearts. With administration of 110 nM of G-1, postischemic contractile dysfunction was significantly reduced compared with untreated controls (43.8 [+ or -] 4.3% vs. 26.9 [+ or -] 2.1% of preischemic rate pressure product; P < 0.05). Additionally, infarct size was reduced in the G-l-treated animals when compared with control (18.8 [+ or -] 2.7% vs. 32.4 [+ or -] 2.1%; P < 0.05). These observations were demonstrated in both male and intact female rat hearts. Through Western blot analysis, it was demonstrated that G-1 induces the activation of both Akt and ERK1/2. Furthermore, the protection afforded by G-1 was blocked by coadministration of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (wortmannin, 100 nM). Taken together, the data show that G-1 activation of GPER improves functional recovery and reduces infarct size in isolated rat hearts following I/R through a PI3K-dependent, gender-independent mechanism. Langendorff; ischemia-reperfusion; G-1; G protein-coupled receptor 30; G protein-coupled estrogen receptor doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00283.2009.

Published
2009

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