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Optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) is emerging as a rapid, noninvasive imaging modality that can provide detailed structural and flow information on retinal and choroidal vasculature. This review contains an introduction of OCTA and summarizes the studies to date on OCTA imaging in age-related macular degeneration.

Intra-operative use of mitomycin C during glaucoma filtering surgeries is common surgical practice. Although postoperative complications of mitomycin C have been described, there are few reports of profound posterior segment toxicity. In this case report, we described a case of retinal toxicity following presumed inadvertent intraocular injection of mitomycin C during routine trabeculectomy. Purpose: To describe a case of postoperative retinal toxicity following the use of mitomycin C during a routine trabeculectomy. Methods: Case report of a single patient who underwent complete ophthalmic examination and multimodal imaging, including color fundus photos, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and fluorescein angiography. The study was declared exempt by the Institutional Review Board of Northwestern University. This research followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: The patient developed profound vision loss and retinal damage during the postoperative course. Posterior segment findings include loss of vascular perfusion, diffuse loss of the outer, then inner, retinal layers, and subsequent total retinal detachment. Conclusion: Although mitomycin C is commonly used in glaucoma filtering surgeries, reports of postoperative posterior segment toxicity are rare. The etiology of postoperative toxicity in this case is probable inadvertent intraocular injection of mitomycin C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO), which is typically relieved by surgical myectomy (SM), is the hallmark of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, dynamic LVOTO is occasionally seen in other disorders like hypertensive heart disease (HHD). In a patients with severe dynamic LVOTO who underwent SM, we sought to study the incidence of various histopathologic diagnoses. Methods: We studied 2472 consecutive patients ≥ 18 years (56±14 years, 54% men, excluding 63 patients with subaortic membrane) with symptoms related to severe dynamic LVOTO who underwent SM at our center between 1/2002-3/2018. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic data (including resting and provocable LVOT gradients) were recorded. Following a thorough evaluation, all patients were clinically diagnosed with HCM. All SM specimens were evaluated by cardiac pathologists. In-hospital mortality was recorded. Results: The breakdown of histopathologic findings in the current study was as follows: a) HCM (n=2108, 82%) b) HHD (n=280, 11%) c) storage disease (SD, n=33, 1.3%) d) concomitant myocarditis (n=123, 5%) and e) Amyloidosis (n=18, 1%). Figure 1 shows the relevant baseline clinical and echo data in the study cohort. There were no significant differences in basal septal thickness and LVOT gradients between different groups. There were 7 (0.3%) in-hospital deaths (4 in HCM, 1 in amyloid and 2 in HHD groups). Conclusions: In a large cohort of symptomatic patients with a clinical diagnosis of HCM and severe dynamic LVOTO undergoing SM, ~ 1 in 5 patients had different histopathologic diagnoses including HHD, amyloid, SD and concomitant myocarditis. These findings may have implications in longer-term treatment, family screening and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]