Search

Novel photonic microresonators with enhanced nonlinear optical (NLO) intensity are fabricated from polymer particles. As an additional advantage, they offer band gap tunability from the visible to near-infrared regions. A special protocol including (i) copolymerization of 4-(1-pyrenyl)-styrene, styrene, and 1,4-divinylbenzene, (ii) extraction of a dispersible and partly dissolvable, lightly cross-linked polymer network (PN), and (iii) treatment of the blue-emitting PN with electron acceptor (A) molecules such as 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) furnishes orange- and red-emitting D-A charge-transfer (CT) complexes with the pendant pyrene units. These complexes, here named PN-TCNB and PN-TCNQ, respectively, precipitate as microparticles upon the addition of water and subsequent ultrasonication. Upon electronic excitation, these spherical microparticles act as whispering-gallery-mode resonators by displaying optical resonances in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra because of light confinement. Further, the trapped incident light increases the light-matter interaction and thereby enhances the PL intensity, including the two-photon luminescence. The described protocol for polymer-based CT microresonators with tunable NLO emissions holds promise for a myriad of photonic applications.

One-dimensional (1D) metal-dielectric (MD) periodic structures take advantage of large refractive index contrast between metal and dielectrics to invoke extremely high nonlinear ultrafast responses of metal. These structures are also special due to their extremely high laser damage threshold. The Bragg like 1D MD structure (Ag/SiO2)4 enables strong optical field confinement with much enhanced nonlinear features as compared to simple metal or single (Ag/SiO2)1 structure. In the present work, the ultrafast nonlinear optical responses of the above structures are investigated via femtosecond broadband optical pump-probe technique. The enhanced nonlinear optical absorption is of reverse saturation of absorption (RSA) nature, resulted due to free-carrier absorption (FCA) and excited-state absorption (ESA) processes. The spectral nonlinearities are closely related to the pump-induced modification of the metal's dielectric functions, which are qualitatively visualized by transfer matrix and two-temperature models. The ultrafast temporal evolution of nonlinear absorption clearly demonstrated enhanced optical nonlinearity, disentangled by the electron-electron and electron-phonon dynamic interactions at picosecond time scales. A phenomenological pulse propagation model is employed that incorporates the experimentally obtained nonlinear absorption coefficients and different nonlinear effects exhibited by the system. Nonlinearity plays a crucial role in controlling the ultrafast pulse propagation and could open a new window for many nonlinear device applications. The findings of these new optical materials could possibly pave the way for promising applications in ultrafast photonics., Comment: (23 main text + 9 supplementary) pages, (7 main text + 8 supplementary) figures

Highly efficient broadband absorbing surfaces covering the UV, visible and near-IR regions are of great importance for low-light imaging devices, optical devices and optoelectronic devices. In this work, we demonstrate the fabrication of remarkably efficient absorbing surfaces due to the formation of nanoflower-like cavity structures on a stainless steel (SS304) surface, along with micropatterning in a hierarchical fashion. The fabrication process is carried out using noncontact, programmable, single-step laser irradiation by an inexpensive and robust 532 nm nanosecond laser. The measured specular antireflection properties over a wide spectral region (250-1800 nm) are extremely low, less than 0.5%, over a large range of incident angles and for both orthogonal polarizations. These special hierarchical structures with nanorods, nanoparticles, and nanocavities, completely trap the photon incident on these surfaces due to multiple reflections. These surface structures evolve with time to give better nanostructured features with higher oxygen content on the surfaces, revealed by FESEM elemental analysis, which increases the ability to trap photons. We believe these antireflection surfaces, with high efficiencies and long-term stability, will play a vital role in many modern technological applications.

We propose a scheme for high precision position sensing based on coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in a five-layered structure comprising three layers of metal-dielectric composites and two spacer (air) layers. Both the outermost interfaces of the five layered medium are irradiated by two identical coherent light waves at the same angle of incidence. We first investigate the occurrence of CPA in a symmetric layered structure as a function of different system parameters for oblique incidence. Thereafter, by shifting the middle layer, beginning from one end of the structure to the other, we observe the periodic occurrence of extremely narrow CPA resonances at several positions of the middle layer. Moreover this phenomenon is seen to recur even at many other wavelengths. We discuss how the position sensitivity of this phenomenon can be utilized for designing a CPA based high precision position sensing device.

44th Annual Laser Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials, Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Boulder, CO, SEP 23-26, 2012; International audience; We investigated formation of defects in four polymers namely Poly (methylmethacrylate) [PMMA], Poly dimethylsiloxane [PDMS], Polystyrene [PS], and Polyvinyl alcohol [PVA] and crystal media such as Lithium Niobate [LiNbO3]. Spectroscopic studies of the femtosecond (fs) laser modified regions were systematically performed after fabricating several gratings and micro-channels. We observed emission from the fs laser modified regions of these polymers when excited at different wavelengths. Pristine polymers are not paramagnetic, but exhibited paramagnetic behavior upon fs irradiation. LiNbO3 (LNB) crystal has not shown any defect formation upon laser irradiation. Confocal micro-Raman studies were also performed to establish the formation of defects.

Spontaneous emission lifetimes of rare-earths are modified in a binary glass. The results are analyzed in the framework of local field. The parameter related to the radius of the cavity around the ion is determined.

The optical transmission processes for a nonlinear optical (NLO) material are influenced by the properties of its environment. NLO properties such as intersystem crossing rates may be altered by characteristics of the host such as polarity. The effects of the host material on the optical transmission of the NLO material is investigated using numerical laser beam propagation modeling (LBPM) techniques. Numerical simulations are reported for the optical transmission for zinc meso-tetra(p-methoxyphenyl)tetrabenzporphyrin (ZnTMPTBP) in liquids of differing polarity such as toluene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane (DCM), acetone, and pyridine. In addition to investigating the effect of the solvent on transmission, these calculations explore the effect on transmission of two different singlet lifetimes which have been reported in the literature. Transmission curves are calculated using separately determined parameters obtained from curve fitting using zscan data. Calculated results are compared with experimental data for all cases. Z-scans are also calculated for several cases and the results compared to experimental data. Numerical simulations provide a valuable tool to study the optical transmission behavior of NLO materials such as ZnTMPTBP.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Laser-induced ripples or uniform arrays of continuous near sub-wavelength or discontinuous deep sub-wavelength structures are formed on single-crystalline silicon (Si) by femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing technique. Laser irradiation was performed on Si wafers at normal incidence in air and by immersing them in dimethyl sulfoxide using linearly polarized Ti:sapphire fs laser pulses of ∼110 fs pulse duration and ∼800 nm wavelength. Morphology studies of laser written surfaces reveal that sub-wavelength features are oriented perpendicular to laser polarization, while their morphology and spatial periodicity depend on the surrounding dielectric medium. The formation mechanism of the sub-wavelength features is explained by interference of incident laser with surface plasmon polaritons. This work proves the feasibility of fs laser direct writing technique for the fabrication of sub-wavelength features, which could help in fabrication of advanced electro-optic devices.

Silver nanostructures were fabricated by laser direct writing technique using 796-nm Ti:Sapphire fem- tosecond laser pulses in polymer matrix containing silver ions that has been spin coated on a silicon substrate. Silver nanostructures that resulted inside the polymer matrix were obtained by the nonlinear optical interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and polymer films containing silver ions. We report here the characterization of the silver nanostructures using UV-Vis extinction spectra, field emission scanning electron, and atomic force microscope images. Formation of silver nanoparticles inside the laser written microstructures is confirmed by the appearance of surface plasmon absorption band at 448 nm in the UV-Vis extinction spectrum. Nanoparticles formed were spherical in shape with average particle size

Nonlinear absorption, 1D self-focusing and 1D self-trapping of optical beams are studied in 150 ppm Fe-doped Bi 12 SiO 20 crystal using single beam Z-scan technique in nano second regime using coherent and incoherent laser pluses with out applying any external electric field across the crystal. When the crystal is placed in expanding beam 1D self-trapping is observed due to 1D self-focusing. The nonlinear absorption is also observed at high intensities due to trap assisted excited state absorption as well as two photon absorption. The ground state absorption and increased nonlinear absorption at 532 nm and 595 nm compared to pure BSO indicates the increased impurity traps in the crystal lattice due to iron incorporation. The studies reveal that incorporation of iron in BSO making it an excellent optical limiter.

We report a systematic investigation on nonlinear optical properties of CdSe nanoparticles that are smaller as well as larger than the Bohr radius. Multiphoton absorption and nonlinear refraction properties of CdSe nanoparticles observed with 800nm wavelength and 110femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser are presented. These nonlinear optical studies were undertaken by performing open and closed aperture Z-scan measurements. The four different sizes of CdSe nanoparticles investigated are 5nm, 10nm, 25nm and 400nm. Both the quantum dots 5nm, 10nm sizes (taking the literature value of 10.6nm as the Bohr exciton diameter) show four photon absorption (4PA), while the 25nm and 400nm show the three photon absorption (3PA) properties. All four sizes of CdSe nanoparticles show the positive nonlinear refraction (n2).