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CURRENT TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS DELPHINIUM L. To better understand the taxonomy of Delphinium L. and based on seed morphology, Malyutin (1987) divided the genus Delphinium L. into subg. Staphisagria (J. Hill) Peterm. and subg. Delphinium, and further divided the latter one in sect. Anthriscifolium Wang and sect. Delphinium (confirming Wang���s (1979) classification for this subgenus). This classification was supported by a combination of morphological and cytological characters (Blanch�� 1990). Later, based on breeding systems, pollination ecology, cytology and isozyme variations, he proposed the division of the sect. Delphinium into four series Cossoniana C. Blanch��, Molero & P. Simon, Balansae C. Blanch��, Molero & P. Simon, Macropetala C. Blanch��, Molero & P. Simon and Halterata B. Pawl. (Blanch�� et al. 1997). Integrating the results of molecular data, Jensen et al. (1995) placed Delphinium L. together with Consolida (DC.) Gray and Aconitum L. in the subtribe Delphiniinae Benth. (Delphinieae Warm., Ranunculoideae Hutch). Using 65 morphological characters combined with four plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data, Wang et al. (2009) placed the genera Delphinium L., Consolida (DC.) Gray and Aconitum L. within the tribe Delphinieae. Through a morphological analysis, Trifonova (1990) proposed to consider Consolida (DC.) Gray and Aconitella Spach as different genera based on morphological characters. However, this was challenged by Jabbour & Renner (2011a) who found that both genera were nested within Delphinium L. using molecular data and a large taxon sampling, leading them to proposed an extended genus Delphinium L. including both Consolida (DC.) Gray and Aconitella Spach. Based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis, they decided to resurrect the genus Staphisagria J. Hill, including D. staphisagria L. (Jabbour & Renner 2011b). They recognized three genera in the tribe Delphinieae: Delphinium L., Aconitum L. and Staphisagria J. Hill. (Jabbour & Renner 2012a). The genus Aconitum L. was further split into Aconitum L. sensu stricto and the monotypic Gymnaconitum (Stapf.) Rapaics (Wang et al. 2013). DESCRIPTION OF THE TYPICAL DELPHINIUM FLOWER As seen in the above section, the genus Delphinium sensu lato (Jabbour & Renner 2011a) belongs to the tribe Delphinieae Warm. (Ranunculoideae Hutch, Ranunculaceae Juss.). This tribe is the only clade within the family Ranunculaceae with flowers that are bilaterally symmetrical. Based on flowers of D. peregrinum L. (Fig. 2 B-b3), Delphinium typical flowers are composed of four categories of organs: sepals and petals composing the perianth (the diversity of terms used in the bibliography of these organs is reviewed in Jabbour & Renner 2012b), and the two types of sexual organs, stamens and carpels (Blanch�� 1990; Fig. 2 B-b3). From outside in, there are five free petaloid sepals quincuncially arranged: two ventral, two lateral and a spurred dorsal one, four free petals located in the dorsal half of the flower: two dorsal organs forming nectariferous spurs inserted into the spur of the dorsal sepal and with an exserted limb, and two lateral organs with a wide limb and a narrow claw. The other petals (corresponding to four ventral primordia) stop developing shortly after organogenesis (Payer 1857; Jabbour & Renner 2012b). The stamens are arranged in eight spiral series, and the gynoecium is composed of 3(-5) free carpels (Pawłowski 1964) turning into follicles after fertilization. In Delphinium, bilateral symmetry is established through two phenomena: 1) the development of dorsal spurs; and 2) the arrested development of the ventral petals (Jabbour et al. 2009). However, as mentioned earlier (see Current taxonomy of the genus), the genus Delphinium L. includes species with floral morphological particularities that should be included in the description of Delphinium L. flowers. These exceptions will be presented in detail in the next section. AMENDING DELPHINIUM DESCRIPTION TO ACCOUNT FOR EXCEPTIONS IN FLORAL MORPHOLOGY The inclusion of Consolida (DC.) Gray into Delphinium L. (Jabbour & Renner 2011a) implies an extension of the floral typical character states of the genus. The perianth of Consolida (DC.) Gray is bilaterally symmetrical and is composed of five petaloid sepals which arrangement and morphological characteristics are identical to those of Delphinium L. sepals. However, the inner perianth organs of Consolida (DC.) Gray consist of only two fused dorsal petals forming a single organ with a nectariferous spur inserted into the sepal spur (Fig. 2 A-a3). The other petals (in this case six primordia) stop developing shortly after initiation (Jabbour & Renner 2012b). Consolida (DC.) Gray flowers are bisexual, with five spirals of stamens, three less than the typical Delphinium L. flowers and, a single carpel, as opposed to the three carpels of the Delphinium typical gynoecium (Pawłowski 1964). Consolida (DC.) Gray flowers exemplify a case of reduction in floral organ numbers (petals, stamens and carpels) compared to the typical Delphinium L. flowers (Fig. 2 A-a3). Recently, Vural et al. (2012) described a new genus named Pseudodelphinium H.Duman, Vural, Ayta�� & Adıg��zel, including the single species Pseudodelphinium turcicum H.Duman, Vural, Ayta�� & Adıg��zel. The description of this new species is based on a single population reported since 1997 in central Turkey. Plants of this species are herbaceous with radially symmetrical flowers presenting a perianth composed of five tepals (corresponding to petaloid sepals but considered as petals by the authors), numerous stamens, and three free carpels turning into follicles (Fig. 2 D-d3). The authors noted its probable taxonomic affinity with the genus Delphinium L., but chose to establish a new genus based on the morphological particularities of the single population (no dorsal spurs, radial symmetry, perianth composed of a single type of organs) they decided to establish a new genus. Later, the genus was placed in Delphinium L. subg. Delphinium by Xiang et al. (2017) based on molecular data. Espinosa et al. (2017) found that in this species the perianth is exclusively composed of sepals, while petals seems to stop their development at a very early stage. By integrating lines of evidence from morphology, anatomy, palynology, and molecular phylogeny they further supported its inclusion in Delphinium L. and proposed the new combination Delphinium turcicum (H. Duman, Vural, Ayta�� & Adig��zel) Espinosa (Espinosa et al. 2017). Floral characteristics of this species are very similar to those of the Chinese species D. ecalcaratum S.Y. Wang & K.F. Zhou presenting spurless actinomorphic flowers with an uniseriate perianth. Flowers of this species include fewer stamens than D. turcicum (H. Duman, Vural, Ayta�� & Adig��zel) Espinosa (5 vs 15 respectively) but one additional carpel (Ding et al. 1981). W.T. Wang (1964) published the new species Chienia honanensis W. T. Wang (Ranunculaceae), based on a single specimen bearing flowers with bilateral symmetry and a biseriate perianth. Calyx is composed by 5 free petaloid sepals quincuncially arranged and there are 5(-6) W2 organs, all in the dorsal half of the flower (Fig. 3A). The flowers present numerous stamens and the gynoecium is composed of three free carpels turning into follicles. Even if the author recognized the proximity of C. honanensis with the genus Delphinium, the higher number of petals (5-6 vs 4 in the typical Delphinium flower; Fig. 2b 3, 3A) and the absence of dorsal spurs led him to propose the new genus Chienia W.T. Wang (Wang 1964). The species was later considered as based on a single teratological specimen of Delphinium grandiflorum L. by Warnock (1993). The vegetative parts of this specimen, conserved at PE (http:// www.cvh.ac.cn/cvh6/view/spms/info.php?id=cb003d8d, Fig. 3B) match vegetatively with a specimen of Delphinium grandiflorum L. collected in the same province in the same year (http://www.cvh.ac.cn/cvh6/view/spms/info. php?id=cef539df and http://www.cvh.ac.cn/cvh6/view/ spms/info.php?id=cef53a7c; Fig. 3B, C). Since the floral organization observed on the type material of the Chienia honanensis appears to be restricted to a single individual, and was apparently not transferred to progeny (no other collection exists, leading to the assumption that no permanent population ever occurred), we consider this as a non-heritable teratological variation, unable to be fixed in a population. Such teratological variation may occur in selected horticultural plants but it is not usual to include such variation in the description of the common morphology of a genus. Thus, as far as floral morphology is concerned, and considering that the former genus Consolida (DC.) Gray is now included in Delphinium L., we state that the Delphinium flower is zygomorphic and characterized by a perianth consisting of five spirally-initiated sepals (the dorsal one being spurred) and four (two lateral, two dorsal spurred) or one (spurred) petals, all in the dorsal half of the flower. The spurred dorsal petals are nectariferous, and their spurs are nested within the spur of the dorsal sepal. The gynoecium consists of a single carpel, or 3(5) carpels. The description of D. ecalcaratum (Ding et al. 1981) and the recent inclusion of Delphinium turcicum (Fig. 1D, d) into the genus Delphinium L. (Espinosa et al. 2017; Xiang et al. 2017) imply to amend the description of the genus, to indicate that there are exceptions to the typical floral morphology. The major diagnostic floral characters of D. ecalcaratum and D. turcicum are: 1) radial symmetry; 2) uniseriate perianth composed of tepals; and 3) the absence of spurs. More analyses relying on herbarium material and particularly living material are needed to better understand the origin of the morphological deviations. Regarding Delphinium turcicum, having access to seeds of this species would allow us to conduct a karyological analysis in order to identify possible recent hybridization events, and testing the stability of the phenotype on other substrates, as the only known population of this species grows in the basin of the hypersaline lake Tuz G��l��, known for high levels of plant endemism (Yaprak & Tug 2009; Vural et al. 2012; Espinosa et al. 2017; Xiang et al. 2017)., Published as part of Espinosa, Felipe, Deroin, Thierry, Mal��cot, Val��ry, Wang, Wei, Pinedo, Myreya, Nadot, Sophie & Jabbour, Florian, 2021, Historical note on the taxonomy of the genus Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae) with an amended description of its floral morphology, pp. 1505-1510 in Adansonia (3) (3) 43 (2) on pages 14-16, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2021v43a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4486397, {"references":["MALYUTIN N. I. 1987. - The system of genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) based on the morphological features of seeds. Botanicheskii zhurnal 72: 683 - 693.","WANG W. T. 1979. - Delphinium, in LIN L. (ed.), Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Vol. 27. Science Press, Beijing: 326 - 462.","BLANCHE C. 1990. - Delphinium L. subgen. Delphinium: origin and evolutionary trends. Collectanea Botanica 19: 75 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / collectbot. 1990. v 19.118","BLANCHE C., MOLERO J., ROVIRA A. M., SIMON J. & BOSCH M. 1997. - Delphinium L. subgen. Delphinium in the Iberian peninsula and north Africa: a new taxonomic approach. Lagascalia 19: 59 - 82. https: // idus. us. es / handle / 11441 / 62784","JENSEN U., HOOT S. B., JOHANSSON J. T. & KOSUGE K. 1995. - Systematics and phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae - a revised family concept on the basis of molecular data. Plant Systematics and Evolution Supplement: 273 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 7091 - 6612 - 3 _ 27","WANG W., LU A. M., REN Y., ENDRESS M. E. & CHEN Z. D. 2009. - Phylogeny and classification of Ranunculales: evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 81 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ppees. 2009.01.001","TRIFONOVA V. I. 1990. - Comparative biomorphological study of the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genera Consolida (DC.) S. F. Gray and Aconitella Spach. Collectanea Botanica (Barcelona) 19: 97 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / collectbot. 1990. v 19.119","JABBOUR F. & RENNER S. S. 2011 a. - Consolida and Aconitella are an annual clade of Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) that diversified in the Mediterranean basin and the Irano-Turanian region. Taxon 60: 1029 - 1040. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 604007","JABBOUR F. & RENNER S. S. 2011 b. - Resurrection of the genus Staphisagria J. Hill, sister to all the other Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae). PhytoKeys 7: 21 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 7.2010","JABBOUR F. & RENNER S. S. 2012 a. - A phylogeny of Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) shows that Aconitum is nested within Delphinium and that Late Miocene transitions to long life cycles in the Himalayas and Southwest China coincide with bursts in diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62: 928 - 942. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.12.005","WANG W., LIU Y., YU S. X., GAO T. G. & CHEN Z. D. 2013. - Gymnaconitum, a new genus of Ranunculaceae endemic to the Qinghai- Tibetanplateau. Taxon 62: 713 - 722. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 624.10","JABBOUR F. & RENNER S. S. 2012 b. - Spurs in a spur: perianth evolution in the Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 173: 1036 - 1054. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 667613","PAYER J. 1857. - Traite d'organogenie comparee de la fleur. Masson, Paris, 748 p. https: // doi. org / 10.11588 / diglit. 9757","PAWLOWSKI B. 1964. - Delphinium, in TUTIN T. G., HEYWOOD V. H., BURGES N. A., VALENTINE D. H., WALTERS S. M., WEBB D. A. (eds), Flora Europaea. The University Press, Cambridge: 213 - 216.","JABBOUR F., RONSE DE CRAENE L. P., NADOT S. & DAMERVAL C. 2009. - Establishment of zygomorphy on an ontogenic spiral and evolution of perianth in the tribe Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae). Annals of Botany 104: 809 - 822. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aob / mcp 162","VURAL M., DUMAN H., AYTAC Z., ADIGUZEL N. 2012. - A new genus and three new species from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 36: 427 - 433. Retrieved from https: // dergipark. org. tr / tr / pub / tbtkbotany / issue / 11778 / 140841","XIANG K. - L., AYTAC Z., LIU Y., ESPINOSA F., JABBOUR F., BYNG J. W., ZHANG C. - F., ERST A. S. & WANG W. 2017. - Recircumscription of Delphinium subg. Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) and implications for its biogeography. Taxon 66: 554 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 663.3","ESPINOSA F., DEROIN T., XIANG K. - L., WANG W., CASTRO M. P., BYNG J. W., AYTAC Z., NADOT S. & JABBOUR F. 2017. - The Turkish endemic Pseudodelphinium turcicum (Ranunculaceae): an unusual population of Delphinium with peloric flowers that has persisted in the wild for 20 years. International Journal of Plant Sciences 178: 546 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 692764","DING B. Z., WANG S. Y. & GAO Z. Y. 1981. - Delphinium L., in DAVIS P. H., CULLEN J. & COODE M. J. E. (eds), Flora henanensis. Vol. 1. Henan People's Publishing House, Zhengzhou: 431 - 436.","WANG W. T. 1964. - Duo genera nova Ranunculacearum sinensium. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 9: 103 - 107.","WARNOCK M. J. 1993. - Proposal to conserve 2539 Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae) with a conserved type author. Taxon 42: 453 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1223157","YAPRAK A. E. & TUG G. N. 2009. - Halophytic endemics ofTurkey, in IVANOVA D. (ed.), Plant, Fungal and Habitat Diversity Investigation and Conservation. Proceedings of IV BBC-Scientific Area B. Prof. Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, Sophia: 234 - 238."]}

International audience; Since its first valid description by Linnaeus in 1753, the genus Delphinium L. has undergone numerous taxonomical changes that we synthesize here. The knowledge of the taxonomic history of the genus is essential to clarify its circumscription. For this purpose, we outline its pre-Linnaean taxonomic history, from Dioscorides’ translated works dating back to the 16th century to Tournefort’s classificationin 1694. Regarding its post-Linnaean history, we discuss the three different lectotypifications proposed during in the 20th century. In addition, we amend the description of the typical flower of Delphinium by including the characteristics of the species D. ecalcaratum S.Y. Wang & K.F. Zhou and D. turcicum (H.Duman, Vural, Aytaç & Adigüzel) Espinosa with actinomorphic flowers.; Depuis la première description valide du genre Delphinium L. en 1753 par Linné, celui-ci a subi de nombreuses modifications taxonomiques, dont la synthèse est proposée ici. Une connaissance de l’histoire taxonomique du genre est essentielle pour sa définition actuelle. Pour cela, d’une part, nous détaillons son histoire pré-linnéenne, depuis les traductions de Dioscoride datant du xvie siècle jusqu’à la classification de Tournefort en 1694. Nous présentons ensuite un historique de la taxonomie postlinnéenne du genre, en discutant les trois lectotypifications proposées au cours du xxe siècle. Nous exposons enfin sa taxonomie actuelle. D’autre part, nous amendons la description de sa fleur typique en y incluant les caractéristiques des espèces à fleurs actinomorphes D. ecalcaratum S.Y. Wang & K.F. Zhou et D. turcicum (H.Duman, Vural, Aytaç & Adigüzel) Espinosa.

International audience; Floral mutants display various deviant phenotypes and, as such, they are appropriate material with which to addressthe origin and the building of morphological variation. To identify the pivotal developmental stages at which floralvariation may originate and to infer the putative associated genetic causes, we studied abnormal flowers in ninecultivars of Aquilegia and Delphinium of Ranunculaceae, a family displaying a high range of floral diversity. Wildtype flowers of the two genera are pentamerous and spurred, but they differ in their overall symmetry (actinomorphyvs. zygomorphy). Floral morphology of their cultivars at different developmental stages up to anthesis was observed,and the putative identity of the perianth organs and vascularization was inferred. Our results show that in thefloral mutants in both genera, phyllotaxis was generally conserved, whereas floral organization, vascularization andsymmetry were modified. Most of the morphological and anatomical deviations impacted the perianth, includingorgan number, identity and (spur) elaboration, and also led to the formation of mosaic organs. We hypothesized thatthe phenotypes of floral mutants in Aquilegia and Delphinium result from genetic alterations affecting frontiersbetween sets of organs of different identity, homeosis and length of floral meristem activity.

1802: the young Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle takes its first step into scientific publishing with the review Annals. 2018: nearly 220 years later, the Muséum periodicals are published online as fast-track articles, available in Diamond Open Access and with XML mark-up. This thorough technical modernisation has been implemented by the Science Press team over a 20-year period. In 1997, the Bulletins du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle are restructured and the periodicals take the names by which they are known today: Section A, Zoologie, biologie et écologie animales becomes Zoosystema; Section B, Adansonia: Botanique, Phytochimie becomes simply Adansonia; Section C, Sciences de la Terre, paléontologie, géologie, minéralogie becomes Geodiversitas. The journal Anthropozoologica joins the ranks of the Muséum’s scientific journals in 2004, the year of its 20th anniversary. It is followed by the European Journal of Taxonomy (EJT), which was launched in 2011 as an incubator for new technologies that would serve the general interest of the Muséum’s journals. In 1997, the Muséum’s periodicals entered into the age of international scientific publishing. Beyond a change of format, the entire workflow underwent a revolutionary overhaul: whereas the Bulletins were overseen by the Muséum faculty assembly, the review process of the new periodicals was henceforth to rely on a system of peer evaluation, coordinated by a board of renowned international scientists. While the Bulletins left an inheritance of longstanding academic traditions, the new journals opted for concise titles to facilitate citation and favour pertinent referencing, both by search engines and the Journal Citation Report, and then consolidated their identity with a shared template. By publishing in print every last Friday of the trimester (plus online from 2000), and by opening the journals to English-language articles, the professionalization of the periodicals conform to international standards was complete. The fruit of these efforts came with official indexation by the Journal Citation Report and the attribution of an impact factor for Geodiversitas, Adansonia, Zoosystema and Anthropozoologica, and finally the young EJT. Enlarging the diffusion of the Muséum’s journals over the past 20 years, firstly via the exchanges run by the Library, then via the Science Press website (launched in 1999, with major updates in 2004 and 2015) and the BioOne platform (from 2009), has also proven a beneficial strategy. The articles published in the Muséum’s journals are now distributed in over 2500 universities and available online, openly and freely, through the Science Press website. The Muséum’s scientific journals must now strive to develop their reach even further, while maintaining high technical and scientific quality. The adoption of a fast-track online publication model comes as a response to researchers’ increasing demand for reactivity. Moreover, by converting articles into XML format, the journals will offer a durable archiving solution and a direct feed for worldwide data aggregators. The parallel distribution of all articles through the Muséum Science Press website and the BioOne platform, combined with the digitization of past issues for the Biodiversity Heritage Library, will allow the original research results entrusted to the Muséum’s journals to live on for decades more.

Côtez, Emmanuel, Mabille, Anne, Chester, Chloë, Rocklin, Emmanuelle, Deroin, Thierry, Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, Lesur, Joséphine, Merle, Didier, Robillard, Tony, Bénichou, Laurence (2018): 1802 - 2018: 220 ans d'histoire des périodiques au Muséum 1802 - 2018: a 220 - year history of the Muséum periodicals. Zoosystema 40 (1): 119-428, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a1

Deroin, Thierry, Bidault, Ehoarn (2017): Floral anatomy of Pseudartabotrys Pellegrin (Annonaceae), a monospecific genus endemic to Gabon. Adansonia 39 (2): 111-123, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n2a2

Deroin, Thierry, Lötter, Mervyn (2013): A new Uvaria L. species (Annonaceae) from northern Mozambique. Adansonia (3) 35 (2): 227-234, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/a2013n2a4

Uvaria lombardii L. Gaut. & Deroin, spec. nova (Fig. 1-5). Typus: MADAGASCAR.Prov. Antsiranana, SAVA: souspr��fecturede Vohemar,commune ruralede Daraina, for��t d���Ambohitsitondroina, 13��07���50���S 49��27���46���E, 250 m, 5. I.2006, fl., Ranirison & Nusbaumer 1046 (holo-: G [G00090474]!; iso-: K, MO, P [P02297742]!, TEF, herbier de Daraina). Ab Uvaria acuminata, habitu, cortice foliisque persimili; inflorescentiis semper caulinis multifloris, cum primariis pedunculis fractiflexis saepius unicis, nullo modo multis fasciculatis laxe ramosis ut in varietate catocarpa; sepalis liberis non ovatis, dimidio minoribus; petalis internis leviter unguiculatis; carpellis perpaucis, minus quam 10, stigmatibus late infundibuliformibus munitis praecipue differt. Liane �� tige pouvant atteindre 10 m��tres de longueur, et 10 cm de diam��tre �� sa base. Rameaux jeunes couverts de poils ��toil��s ferrugineux, puis glabres, �� ��corce lisse gris clair, stri��er��ticul��e longitudinalement, �� lenticelles nombreuses, transversalement bilob��es, �� peine plus claires. Feuilles d��gageant une odeur camphr��e quand elles sont froiss��es, ��limbe elliptique ����troitement elliptique de 35-95 �� 19-31 mm,acumin�� ��apex arrondi,et base arrondie��faiblement cord��e, coriace, ��face adaxialeglabreluisanteet un peu glauque (sur lesec), �� face abaxiale pubescente pr��sentant 2 types de poils ��toil��s, les uns ferrugineux seuls pr��sents sur la nervure m��diane et abondantsde part et d���autrede celle-ci,des poilsblanch��tres moiti�� moins grands nombreux en p��riph��rie du limbe. Nervure m��diane imprim��e dessus, pro��minente dessous; nervures secondaires 6-12 paires, peu marqu��es dessus, saillantes dessous, se rejoignant �� 2-3 mm du bord du limbe; nervures tertiaires formant un r��seau tr��s dense. P��tiole tr��s pubescent, long de 4-6 mm, canalicul��. Pr��feuilles 1-6, souvent persistantes, �� limbe �� orbiculaire de 7-18 �� 7-11 mm, ��margin�� au sommet, �� tronqu�� �� la base, pr��sentant env. 5 paires de nervures secondaires et �� p��tiole de 1-3 mm. Inflorescences cymeuses complexes, tr��s ��tal��es (12-26 �� 10-20 cm) et comprenant 40 �� 80 fleurs, �� p��doncule long de 8-60 mm naissant du tronc ou de rameaux ��g��s, �� ��corce verruqueuse, pubescence ��toil��e rousse et lenticelles beiges bien contrastantes. Trois ordres de ramification peuvent ��tredistingu��s (fig. 5): un axe principal plagiotrope en zigzag, apparemment termin�� par une cyme de 3-5 fleurs, avec 4-5 bract��es alternes-distiques tr��s caduques, chacune axillant un ��l��ment cymeux basal souvent 1-flore et m��me absent dans les inflorescences les plus petites, ainsi qu���un ��l��ment cymeux sup��rieur toujours d��velopp�� et r��it��rant l���architecture g��n��rale (axe I en zigzag �� structures lat��rales cymeuses). Fleur �� p��dicelle long de 6-10 mm, �� pubescence ��toil��e, muni d���une bract��ole ovale-orbiculaire d���env. 1,5 �� 1 mm, caduque. R��ceptacle floral tronconique d���env. 2,5 mm de diam��tre et 1 mm de hauteur. Calice de 3 s��pales charnus libres, delto��des-pentagonaux d���env. 2 �� 2,5 mm, ��tal��s, ext��rieurement pubescents, �� 7 nervures basales. P��tales 6, sub��gaux, �� pr��floraison imbriqu��e, beiges �� jaunes, pourpres �� la base, �� odeur de jasmin (Ranirison & Nusbaumer 1046), ext��rieurement pubescents, les externes charnus, concaves, largement ovales d���env. 8 �� 7,5 mm, �� marge enti��rement cili��e, �� nervation peu visible (7 nervures basales); les internes plus minces, losangiques-elliptiques d���env. 9 �� 6,5 mm, �� marge cili��e seulement dans le tiers sup��rieur, �� base charnue onguicul��e, �� nervation plus nette (5 nervures basales). Etamines env. 55, dispos��es en 3-4 cycles, oblongues d���env. 1,6 �� 0.6 mm, �� connectif tronqu�� ��largi audessus des loges extrorses. Carpelles 2-7, de 2 �� 0,6 mm, �� ovaire lag��niforme �� pubescence rase et stigmate en entonnoir ��largihautd���env. 0,5 mm, longuementpileux. Ovules env. 9 par carpelle, bis��ri��s. Fruit connu de fa��on fragmentaire, �� l�����tat juv��nile (Nusbaumer & Ranirison 1354), et presque m��r (Gautier &al. 5902) comprenantjusqu����� 7 m��ricarpes ellipso��des, glabrescents, jusqu����� env. 25 �� 15 mm, tr��s bri��vement stipit��s (2 mm), obtus��ment ou �� peine mucron��s au sommet, �� p��ricarpe d���env. 800 ��m d�����paisseur. Graines 1-9 (m��ricarpe alors lomentac��), ellipso��des-aplaties atteignant 10 �� 8 �� 6 mm, �� t��gument crustac�� ��pais d���env. 350 ��m, brun fonc��, faiblement stri�� transversalement, hile ovale de 2 �� 1,5 mm, entour�� d���un arille rudimentaire large d���env. 700 ��m, raph�� non ��paissi, albumen rumin�� de type principalement lamellaire, tendant �� spiniforme dans la partie distale de la graine. Etymologie. ��� Cette esp��ce est d��di��e �� Augustin Lombard (1905-1997), g��ologue et s��dimentologue genevois, en m��moireduquel lefonds ��AugustinLombard�� a��t��cr����. Le Fonds finance les bourses attribu��es par la Soci��t�� de Physique et d���Histoire Naturelle aux ��tudiants en sciences naturelles de l���Universit�� de Gen��ve. Il a ��t�� r��guli��rement mis �� contribution pour les ��tudiants ayant particip�� aux inventaires au cours desquels l���esp��ce a ��t�� d��couverte. Affinit��s. ��� Un seul autre Uvaria malgache cauliflore avait ��t��reconnu jusqu�����maintenant, U. acuminata var. catocarpa (Diels) Cavaco & Keraudren (CAVACO &K ERAUDREN, 1958), une vari��t�� malgache, pr��c��demment d��crite de fa��on succincte par DIELS (1925), et repr��sent��e par deux r��coltes (Perrier de la B��thie 14022, 18362) r��alis��es sur la c��te Est, et sans doute aussi une r��colte plus ancienne de Bojer (VERDCOURT, 1971: 22). Uvaria acuminata Oliv. var. acuminata est strictement d���Afrique orientale et pr��sente un indument tr��s variable d���apr��s VERDCOURT (1971). En revanche, et contrairement aux doutes ��mis par cet auteur, la var. catocarpa appara��t bien distincte de l���esp��ce typique africaine par ses inflorescences toujours caulinaires et multiflores (jamais terminales et pauciflores), les fleurs montrant des p��tales ov��s (et non oblongs) et env. 10 carpelles (et non 20 ou plus). Uvaria lombardii pr��sente une ��vidente affinit�� avec U. acuminata var. catocarpa en ce qui concerne l���appareil v��g��tatif: port,��corce, indument (ycompriscelui d es p��doncules inflorescentiels), feuille (base arrondie �� faiblement cord��e, sommet acumin��, contour plus ou moins elliptique), exhalant une odeur aromatique lorsqu���elle est froiss��e (plus citronn��e dans U. acuminata). L���organisation g��n��rale de la fleur est assez semblable (forme du r��ceptacle, des ��tamines et des ovaires, p��tales sub��gaux, de teinte plut��t jaune, nombre de carpelles: env. 10 ou moins). En revanche l���architecture inflorescentielle complexe avec un p��doncule primaire tr��s long, les s��pales compl��tement libres (et non soud��s �� leur base),les p��tales internes diff��renci��s (un peu onguicul��s) et les carpelles munisde stigmates en large entonnoir,montrent qu���il s���agit d���une esp��ce distincte, d���ailleurs absente de la c��te orientale de la Grande Ile. Toutefois, seule une ��tude mol��culaire de U. lombardii permettra de d��terminer sa position phylog��n��tique exacte �� l���int��rieur du cladogramme du genre (ZHOU & al., 2012: fig. 2) et donc de confirmer ou non ce rapprochement. Remarques morphologiques. ��� Les inflorescences apparaissent successivement sur un coussinet m��rist��matique (fig. 4A), conform��ment au mod��le tronciflore d��crit par FRIES (1959: 18) dans certains Xylopia L., Guatteria Ruiz & Pav. et Duguetia A. St. -Hil. am��ricains, ainsi que des Uvariopsis Engl. d���Afrique. Seul Uvariaacuminata var. catocarpa ���croissant aussi �� Madagascar ��� pr��sente une structure comparable, la cauliflorie��tant par ailleursassez peu r��pandue dans legenre (par exemple dans U. cauliflora Ridl.). L���architecture inflorescentielle est fondamentalement un thyrse d��fini, au sens de Troll (WEBERLING & HOPPE, 1996: 30), ici compliqu�� par des ��l��ments cymeux lat��raux sup��rieurs, pr��c��d��s d�����l��ments lat��raux inf��rieurs, ces derniers plus petits, parfoisr��duits��une seulefleur ou m��meabsents (fig. 5, figur��s en pointill��s et blanc respectivement). L���axe primaire (fig. 5, figur�� en noir) nous a cependantparu se terminer par une petite cyme, plut��t que par une fleur isol��e. Cette inflorescence complexe, et probablement unique dans le genre Uvaria,r��sultede lar��it��ration du moti f ��cyme�� et peut ��tre qualifi��e de ��pleiorhipidium�� au sens de WEBERLING & HOPPE (1996: 31). Cependant, seuls les stades finaux du d��veloppement ont pu ��tre examin��s et, en cons��quence, les inflorescences de U. lombardii ne peuvent ��tre compl��tement caract��ris��es sur le plan morphologique et donc compar��es �� celles r��cemment analys��es dans d���autres genres, comme Unonopsis R. E. Fr. (MAAS & al., 2007) et Mitrephora Hook. f. & Thomson (WEERASOORIYA & SAUNDERS, 2010) et ce, d���autant plus qu���elles apparaissent successivement ��� et probablement pendant plusieurs ann��es ��� sur le coussinet m��rist��matique. Elles sont donc plut��t les ��l��ments d���une inflorescence fondamentalement fascicul��e. Distribution, ��cologie. ��� Uvaria lombardi est connue des for��ts tropophiles depuis le nord de Madagascar jusqu���aux latitudes moyennes du versant occidental, �� des altitudes inf��rieures �� 500 m,sous un climat tropical saisonnier avec 6��8 mois biologiquementsecs (Fig. 6). L���esp��ce a ��t�� rencontr��e aussi bien sur calcaires que sur gr��s ou sur roches m��tamorphiques et ne sembledonc pas pr��senter d���exig ences particuli��res au niveau du sol. Elle occupe une position g��n��ralement en faci��s ombrag��s de versants ou en bas-fond. Dans les for��ts d��cidues sur roches calcaires (Tsingy) de la for��t de Beanka, elle est enracin��e dans des crevasses profondes de quelques m��tres o�� s���accumulentmati��re organique et humidit��. Statut de Conservation. ��� Avec une zone d���occurrence (EOO) de 35342 km 2, une zone d���occupation (AOO) de 63 km 2, et cinq sous-populations connues (une respectivement �� Ampasindava, Andrafiamena et Beanka, et deux �� Daraina), nous assignons �� Uvaria lombardii un statut pr��liminaire de ��Vuln��rable�� [VU B2ab(i, iii)] selon les cat��gories et les crit��res de l���UICN (IUCN, 2012, calcul�� selon CALLMANDER & al., 2007), dans la mesure o�� plusieurs de ces populations sont situ��es dans des aires prot��g��es en cours de classement. Au cas o�� ces classements n���aboutiraient pas, il faudrait envisager son classement dans la cat��gorie ��En Danger��. Paratypi. ��� MADAGASCAR: Prov. Antsiranana, SAVA: Andrafiamena, for��ts aux alentours d���Anjahankely, 12��53���55���S 49��17���23���E, 492 m, 4.XII.2010, fl., Burivalova 079 (G, K, MO, P, TEF); souspr��fecture de Vohemar, commune rurale de Daraina, for��t de Solaniampilana-Maroadabo, 13��05���26���S 49��34���58���E, 120 m, 4.III.2004, boutons, Gautier & al. 4558 (G, K, MO, P, TEF, herbier de Daraina); sous-pr��fecture de Vohemar, commune rurale de Daraina, for��t d���Ambilondamba, 13��09���42���S 49��38���41���E, 360 m, 17.XII.2004, fl. tardives, Nusbaumer & Ranirison 1354 (G, K, MO, P, TEF, herbier de Daraina). Diana: presqu�����le d���Ampasindava, for��t de Bongomihiravavy, 13��45���51���S 48��04���19���E, 210 m, 6.XII.2008, fl.pass��es, j.fr., Tahinarivony & al. 178 (G, K, MO, P, TEF). Prov. Mahajanga, Melaky: for��t de Beanka, 18��01���34���S 44��30���57���E, 362 m, 25.XI. 2011, fl., Gautier &al. 5735 (G, K, MO, P, TEF); for��tde Beanka, 18��07���09���S 44��35���05���E, 380 m, 26.XI.2012, j. fr., Gautier & al. 5841 (G, K, MO, P, TEF); for��t de Beanka, 18��07���11���S 44��33���38���E, 340 m, fr., 1.XII.2012, Gautier & al. 5902 (G, MO, P, TEF)., Published as part of Gautier, Laurent & Deroin, Thierry, 2013, Uvaria lombardii L. Gaut. & Deroin (Annonaceae), une nouvelle esp��ce end��mique de Madagascar, aux inflorescences spectaculaires, pp. 237-244 in Candollea 68 (2) on pages 238-243, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a7, http://zenodo.org/record/5710756, {"references":["DIELS, L. (1925). Revisio Anonacearum madagascariensium. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 334 - 357.","VERDCOURT, B. (1971). Annonaceae. In: MILNE- REDHEAD, E. & R. M. POLHILL (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments & Administrations, London.","ZHOU, L., Y. C. F. S U, D. C. T HOMAS & R. M. K. SAUNDERS (2012). \" Out-of-Africa \" dispersal of tropical floras during the Miocene climatic optimum: evidence fromUvaria (Annonaceae). J. Biogeogr. 39: 322 - 335.","FRIES, R. E. (1959). Annonaceae. In: MELCHIOR, H. (ed.), Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 17 a [II]: 1 - 171. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin.","MAAS, P. J. M., L. Y. T. WESTRA & M. VERMEER (2007). Revision of the neotropical genera Bogageopsis, Onychopetalum, and Unonopsis (Annonaceae). Blumea 52: 413 - 554.","HUMBERT, H. (1955). Les territoires phytogeographiques de Madagascar. Ann. Biol. ser. 3, 31: 439 - 448.","IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3. 1. 2 nd edition. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland & Cambridge.","CALLMANDER, M. W., G. E. SCHATZ, P. P. LOWRY II, M. O. LAIVAO, J. RAHARIMAMPIONONA, S. ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA, T. RAMINOSOA & T. CONSIGLIO (2007). Application of IUCN Red List criteria and assessment of Priority Areas for Plant Conservation in Madagascar: rare and threatened Pandanaceae indicate new sites in need of protection. Oryx 41: 168 - 176."]}

Gautier, Laurent, Deroin, Thierry (2013): Uvaria lombardii L. Gaut. & Deroin (Annonaceae), une nouvelle espèce endémique de Madagascar, aux inflorescences spectaculaires. Candollea 68 (2): 237-244, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v682a7

Deroin, Thierry (2010): Floral anatomy of Magnolia decidua (Q.Y.Zheng) V.S.Kumar (Magnoliaceae): recognition of a partial pentamery. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 39-55, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a3

Deroin, Thierry, Demissew, Sebsebe (2009): The genus Seddera Hochst. (Convolvulaceae) in Madagascar. Adansonia (3) 31 (1): 207-214, DOI: 10.5252/a2009n1a15, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2009n1a15

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Deroin, Thierry (2004): Anatomie florale comparée de Cardiochlamys et Cordisepalum. Illustration de l'hétérobathmie des Convolvulaceae-Cardiochlamyeae. Adansonia (3) 26 (2): 199-211, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605303, {"references":["GRELOT P. 1898. - Recherches sur le systeme liberoligneux floral des gamopetales bicarpellees.","GUEDES M. 1968. - Le carpelle et le gynecee de","precieuses pour ameliorer cette etude. HALLIER H. 1892. - Versuch einer naturlichen Gliederung der Convolvulaceen auf morphologischer und anatomischer Grundlage. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 453-591.","REFERENCES HARTL D. 1962. - Die morphologische Natur und die Verbreitung des Apicalseptums. Beitr. Biol. Pfl. 37: 241-330.","DEROIN T. 1992. - Anatomie florale de Humbertia LEFORT M. 1951. - Contribution a l'etude de","laceae. Bull. Mus. natl. Hist. nat., B, Adansonia 14: OLIVER D. 1883. - Cardiochlamys, tab. 1403, in","DEROIN T. 1999. - Ontogeny and phylogeny in ROBERTY G. 1952. - Genera Convolvulacearum.","tive remarks on ovary morphology. Syst. Geogr. ROBERTY G. 1964. - Les genres de Convolvulacees","DEROIN T. 2001. - Convolvulacees, 171e fam., in STEFANOVIC S. 2002. - Molecular Systematics and","DEROIN T. 2002. - Anatomie florale de Maripa STEFANOVIC S., KRUEGER L. & OLMSTEAD R.G. 2002.","DEROIN T. & FALAISE H. 1995. - Un Erycibe sequences of multiple chloroplast loci. Amer. J. Bot.","(Convolvulaceae) nouveau du Haut Donnai, 89: 1510-1522.","17: 183-189. 2003. - Classification of Convolvulaceae: a phylo-","FANG R. & STAPLES G. 1995. - Convolvulaceae, genetic approach. Syst. Bot. 28: 791-806.","in WU Z. & RAVEN P. (eds), Flora of China 16: VERDCOURT B. 1972. - The genus Cardiochlamys"]}

Deroin, Thierry (2002): Anatomie florale de Maripa (Convolvulaceae-Erycibeae). Adansonia (3) 24 (1), No. 1: 93-106, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5180440, {"references":["GOVIL C.M. 1972. - Morphological studies in the","family Convolvulaceae. IV- Vascular anatomy of Remerciements the flower. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. sect. B, 75 : 271- Je remercie chaleureusement les deux rapporteurs 282. anonymes, dont les remarques et corrections ont permis GRELOT P. 1898. - Recherches sur le systeme d'ameliorer tres sensiblement la presentation de ce travail. liberoligneux floral des gamopetales bicarpellees.","GUEDES M. 1968. - Le carpelle et le gynecee de"]}