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The red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae), is one of the most serious pests in chicken farming and causes serious economic losses. Overuse of chemical acaricides has caused pest resistance as well as environmental residual toxicity to chickens and eggs. Therefore, given the warm and humid conditions of chicken farms, alternative application with entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana sensu lato was investigated to control D. gallinae. Based on the characterization and virulence assays of B. bassiana isolates against red mite, a red mite-pathogenic fungal library was constructed. A total of six highly virulent B. bassiana isolates were selected from the first bioassay. They showed 70–100% mortality in ten days which were higher than cypermethrin, showing 40% mortality. Considering their fungal virulence, conidial production, and thermotolerance, isolate JEF-410 was established to be the best candidate for industrialization. JEF-410 showed a dose-dependent virulence against red mite nymphs. JEF-410 conidia from millet granule-based mass culture were applied to a commercial chicken farm and it showed a significant suppression of population increase under high humidity conditions. In summary, B. bassiana JEF-410 having higher control efficacy than cypermethrin could be effectively used to control D. gallinae in the fungus-friendly humid chicken farms. This work solved challenges of mass production of B. bassiana and management of the red mite in poultry farming under right conditions of RH and temperature.

Detection of chemical cues via chemosensory receptor proteins are essential for most animals, and underlies critical behaviors, including location and discrimination of food resources, identification of sexual partners and avoidance of predators. The current knowledge of how chemical cues are detected is based primarily on data acquired from studies on insects, while our understanding of the molecular basis for chemoreception in acari, mites in particular, remains limited. The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is one of the most important blood-feeding ectoparasites of poultry. PRM are active at night which suck the birds' blood during periods of darkness and hide themselves in all kinds of gaps and cracks during the daytime. The diversity in habitat usage, as well as the demonstrated host finding and avoidance behaviors suggest that PRM relies on their sense of smell to orchestrate complex behavioral decisions. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed the presence of candidate variant ionotropic receptors, odorant binding proteins, niemann-pick proteins type C2 and sensory neuron membrane proteins. Some of these proteins were highly and differentially expressed in the forelegs of PRM. Rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors were also identified, while insect-specific odorant receptors and odorant co-receptors were not detected. Furthermore, using scanning electron microscopy, the tarsomeres of all leg pairs were shown to be equipped with sensilla chaetica with or without tip pores, while wall-pored olfactory sensilla chaetica were restricted to the distal-most tarsomeres of the forelegs. This study is the first to describe the presence of chemosensory genes in any Dermanyssidae family. Our findings make a significant step forward in understanding the chemosensory abilities of D. gallinae.

Identificar y conformar una lista de especies de ectoparásitos en el gallinazo negro en dos localidades de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Alcance. Realizar un aporte al conocimiento sobre las especies de ectoparásitos encontrados en piel y plumaje del gallinazo negro en el área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, en el nororiente de los Andes. Metodología. Las aves fueron capturadas en la Plaza de Mercado Guarín y en el Centro de Disposición de Residuos Sólidos “El Carrasco”, ambos en el área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Para obtener los ectoparásitos, los gallinazos se introdujeron uno por uno, en una cámara de fumigación previamente modificada para preservar la vida del ave durante el procedimiento. Adicionalmente, se tomaron algunas plumas y se preservaron en etanol 70%. Principales resultados. Se colectaron 1.696 ectoparásitos sobre 18 gallinazos negros (Coragyps atratus) en dos sitios de Bucaramanga (Colombia). Los parásitos fueron identificados como Cathartacarus coragyps (Gabuciniidae), Dermanysus gallinae (Dermanyssidae), Cuculiphilus alternatus (Menoponidae), Falcolipeurus marginalis (Philopteridae), Laemobothrion glutinans (Laemobothriidae) y Olfesia bisulcata (Hippoboscidae). Las especies más abundantes fueron Cuculiphilus alternatus con 1.217 individuos y Cathartacarus coragyps con 295. Conclusiones. La mayor parte de estos registros son nuevos para la región y amplían el conocimiento con respecto a la distribución de estos ectoparásitos. Tanto las pruebas de Mann-Whitney como los índices parasitológicos calculados permiten observar diferencias entre los dos sitios de muestreo. To identify and to list ectoparasite species of black vulture in two locations in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Scope. To contribute to the knowledge of ectoparasites species found in black vultures in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, at the northeastern Andes. Methodology. The birds were captured in Guarin Marketplace and "El Carrasco" Solid Waste Disposal Center, both in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Colombia. To obtain the ectoparasites, each black vulture were introduced into a fumigation chamber previously modified to preserve the life of the bird during the procedure. Moreover, some feathers were taken and preserved in ethanol 70%. Main results. In total, 1,696 ectoparasites were collected from 18 black vultures (Coragyps atratus) in two localities of Bucaramanga (Colombia). The parasites were identified as Cathartacarus coragyps (Gabuciniidae), Dermanysus gallinae (Dermanyssidae), Cuculiphilus alternatus (Menoponidae), Falcolipeurus marginalis (Philopteridae), Laemobothrion glutinans (Laemobothriidae) and Olfesia bisulcata (Hippoboscidae). The most abundant species were Cuculiphilus alternatus with 1,217 specimens and Cathartacarus coragyps with 295. Conclusions. Most of these records are new to the region and contribute to improving the knowledge concerning the ectoparasites distribution in the study area. Mann-Whitney tests and the calculated parasitological indexes show differences between the two sampling places.

Present study was conducted to record ecotoparasitic prevalence in bat fauna of the northwestern parts of Pakistan. A total of 204 bat specimens representing 14 species were captured during a two year survey, extending from June 2015 through May 2016. A species of soft ticks Argas vespertilionis was identified from 23 bat specimens. Similarly, members of the family Dermanyssoidae (dermanyssoid mites) were isolated from 10 bat specimens, that of Spinturnicidae (spinturnicid mites) from 3 and Streblidae (bat flies) from 2 bat specimens. These parasites were collected using entomological tweezers and were identified on morphological basis. Further studies on parasitic prevalence, molecular characterization of bat parasites and their control measures are recommended. Resumo O presente estudo foi realizado para registrar a prevalência de ectoparasitas na fauna de morcegos em partes do noroeste do Paquistão. Um total de 204 espécimes de morcegos, representando 14 espécies, foi capturado durante uma pesquisa de dois anos, de junho de 2015 a maio de 2016. A espécie de carrapato Argas vespertilionis foi identificada em 23 espécimes de morcegos. Da mesma forma, os membros da família Dermanyssidae (ácaros dermanyssoid) foram isolados de 10 espécimes de morcego, os da Spinturnicidae (ácaros spinturnicid), de 3, e os da Streblidae (mosca de morcego), de 2 espécimes de morcego. Esses parasitas foram coletados com pinça entomológica e identificados com base morfológica. Estudos adicionais sobre prevalência parasitária, caracterização molecular de parasitas de morcego e suas medidas de controle devem ser realizados.

Scanning electron microscopy observations of the distal leg region of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer 1778) identified the presence of a compound ambulacrum, the part of the leg that contacts the substratum when the mite walks. The ambulacrum is comprised of a praetarsus (the ambulacrum stalk), a pulvillus and two claws. The pulvillus is a weakly sclerotized structure that can be partly expanded or retracted in the praetarsus. When expanded, the pulvillus shows a cushion-like shape which can, as a result of its soft surface, function as a sucker, thus allowing D. gallinae to adhere to a smooth surface. When traversing an irregular surface, or clinging to a soft surface, the mite retracts the pulvillus and uses only its strongly sclerotized movable claws. These observed morphological adaptations explain the ability of D. gallinae to climb upwards on a slippery surface, resist an air flux, walk on smooth and rigid feathers of its avian hosts, and cling to the bird's or human's soft skin. This knowledge is important to better understand the attachment mechanism of this species to its host and to the substratum on which it moves, and also to provide insight into the circumstances under which it is able to move. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS The ambulacrum is the distal part of the leg touching the substratum D. gallinae's ambulacrum consists of a praetarsus, a pulvillus and two claws The weakly sclerotized pulvillus can be part expanded/retracted in the praetarsus The expanded pulvillus functions as a sucker to adhere to smooth surfaces The claws are used to walk on an irregular surface or cling to a soft surface.

The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari: Dermanyssidae), is a common and significant ectoparasite of the poultry industry worldwide. Although various biological, chemical, and physical methods have been attempted, an utterly successful control strategy has not been put forward yet. Our experimental investigations and observations revealed that the ant species Lasius alienus displays an effective predatory behavior on all biological stages of PRM. Our results also suggested that L. alienus is attracted by PRM-infested substrate at a distance. We concluded that predation by the ant on PRM is worth further investigation as it could possibly be an effective biological control strategy., Acarologia, 61, 115-120

The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae is a strict hematophagous parasite of birds, causing major health and economic problems in poultry farms worldwide. The use of plant-derived repellents against this pest could be an alternative control method as part of Integrated Pest Management strategies. In this review, the different types of repellents and the testing methods used to explore them in arthropods are synthesized. State-of-the-art knowledge on the repellent properties of natural plant-derived substances against D. gallinae is established. Studies reporting repellent properties exerted by plant-derived substances against D. gallinae are reviewed, and the level of discrimination between the different types of properties achieved by the experimental designs implemented is examined. Factors that may modulate repellent activity in arthropods are reviewed, and the available evidence for D. gallinae is highlighted. A framework is proposed for the rational use of knowledge from experiments for the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). In addition, to optimize the implementation of IPM strategies for D. gallinae, the current knowledge related to the risk of emergence of resistance to natural repellents is documented. This phenomenon has not been explored in D. gallinae to date, but resistance to several repellent substances has been reported in insects, with some cross-resistance between repellents and neurotoxic insecticides., Acarologia, 61, 3-19

The two most economically important poultry ectoparasites are the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), and the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer). Both mites are obligate blood feeders but differ in where they reside. Sampling methods thus focus on-host, especially the vent feathers, for northern fowl mite and off-host, especially cracks and crevices near the nighttime roosting areas, for poultry red mite. Much remains unknown, however, about the basic biology and ecology of both mites. Here we discuss mite detection, quantification, and decision making and provide thoughts on future directions for research.

Hirstionyssus apodemi Zuevsky, 1970 ? Liponyssus arcuatus (C.L. Koch, 1839) — Oudemans 1913a: 386; Oudemans 1913b: 68–75, figs 261–280. Hirstionyssus musculi (Johnston, 1849) — Bregetova 1956: 185, 194, figs 402, 437–441, 476–478 (partim). Hirstionyssus apodemi Zuevsky 1970: 1343, fig. 2 (nom. nov. pro Dermanyssus arcuatus C.L. Koch, 1839 sensu Oudemans, 1913). Echinonyssus apodemi — Tenorio 1984: 263. ? Echinonyssus sunci — Tenorio 1984: 278. Hirstionyssus apodemi — Uchikawa 1974: 261, figs 1–4; Koroleva 1977: 137, figs 4 (3), 6 (5); Nikulina 1987: 233, 234; Senotrusova 1987: 107, fig. 52; Goncharova et al. 1991: 78. ? Hirstionyssus sunci Wang, 1962: 412. ? Hirstionyssus sinicus Teng & Pan 1962: 278. Hirstionyssus sunci — Uchikawa 1975: 89; Mašán & Fend’a 2010: 155, figs 166–171. Type locality: Entire Europe (Oudemans 1913b). Type series: Unknown. Type host: Not stated (H. apodemi is a replacement name). Host range: The principal hosts of H. apodemi are mice of the genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829; occasionally, these mites may be found on other hosts, including Microtus gregalis (Pallas, 1779), Sicista betulina (Pallas, 1779), Ellobius talpinus (Pallas, 1770), Sorex spp. and others (Zuevsky 1970). Distribution: Eastern Europe, Siberia, Russian Far East, Kazakhstan, Iran (Tenorio 1984; Nikulina 1987, 2004; Senotrusova 1987; Goncharova et al. 1991). It has been recorded in different regions of Southern Siberia, from the southwestern part of Western Siberia (Davydova & Nikol’sky 1986) eastward to Transbaikalia (Goncharova et al. 1991). Notes: Uchikawa (1975) synonymised H. apodemi with H. sunci Wang, 1962, described from China. As Tenorio (1984: 278) noted, this was made “with apparently no type comparison”. Russian authors still prefer to use the name H. apodemi (see Nikulina 2004; Korallo 2009). Whether the two species are the same or not is unclear (but see Mašán & Fend’a 2010). Mašán & Fend’a (2010) list two more European species of Hirstionyssus (H. oryctolagi Evans & Till, 1966 and H. molinae Fain & Rack, 1990) in the synonymy of H. sunci (= H. apodemi)., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Zuevsky, A. P. (1970) Two species of the genus Hirstionyssus (Parasitiformes, Hirstionyssidae), parasites of mice. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 49 (9), 1342 - 1348. [in Russian]","Oudemans, A. C. (1913 a) Acarologische Aanteekeningen XLVIII. Entomologische Berichten, 3, 384 - 387. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 35928 page / 438 / mode / 1 up]","Oudemans, A. C. (1913 b) Acarologisches aus Maulwurfsnestern. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A, 79, 68 - 136. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 47755 page / 74 / mode / 1 up]","Bregetova, N. G. (1956) Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 61, 1 - 247. [in Russian]","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Uchikawa, K. (1974) Studies on mesostigmatid mites parasitic on mammals and birds in Japan. I Hirstionyssus apodemi Zuevsky and H. tatricus Mrciak new to Japan, redescriptions of adults and descriptions of deutonymphs. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 24 (3), 261 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 24.261","Koroleva, E. V. (1977) Deutonymphs of the genus Hirstionyssus from the fauna of the USSR (Acarina, Hirstionyssidae). Parazitologiya, 11 (2), 129 - 140. [in Russian, https: // www. zin. ru / journals / parazitologiya / content / 1977 / prz _ 1977 _ 2 _ 7 _ Koroleva. pdf]","Nikulina, N. A. (1987) Gamasid mites (cohort Gamasina). In: Soboleva, R. G. (Ed.), Insects and Mites of the Far East of Medical and Veterinary Importance. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 216 - 234. [in Russian].","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Goncharova, A. A., Bondarchuk, A. S. & Vershinina, O. N. (1991) Gamasid Mites-Ectoparasites of Mammals in Transbaikalia. Chita State Medical University, Chita, 121 pp. [in Russian]","Wang, D. (1962) Two new mites of the genus Hirstionyssus Fonseca, 1948 (Acari: Liponyssidae). Acta Zoologica Sinica, 14, 411 - 416. [in Chinese]","Teng, K. & Pan, Z. (1962) On three new species of the genus Hirstionyssus Fonseca, 1948 (Acarina: Macronyssidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 11, 277 - 282. [in Chinese]","Uchikawa, K. (1975) Studies on mesostigmatid mites parasitic on mammals and birds in Japan. III. On the identity of Hirstioayssus apodemi Zuevsky, 1970, with H. sunci Wang, 1962, and the description of Hirstionyssus japonicus spec. nov. (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 26 (2 - 3), 89 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 26.89","Masan, P. & Fend'a, P. (2010) A Review of the Laelapid Mites Associated with Terrestrial Mammals in Slovakia, with a Key to the European Species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea). Institute of Zoology, Slovakian Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 187 pp.","Nikulina, N. A. (2004) A Catalogue of Parasitic Gamasina Mites of Mammals of Northern Eurasia (Russia). Aktsioner & Co, Saint-Petersburg, 170 pp. [in Russian]","Davydova, M. S. & Nikol'sky, V. V. (1986) Gamasid mites of Western Siberia. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 124 pp. [in Russian]","Korallo, N. P. (2009) Host-parasite relationships in gamasid mites of the genus Hirstionyssus (Acari: Parasitiformes: Gamasina) in the south of the West Siberian Plain. Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2, 188 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1995425509030059","Evans, G. O. & Till, W. M. (1966) Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II. Classification. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 14, 107 - 370. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 125591 page / 153 / mode / 1 up]"]}

Hirstionyssus gudauricus Razumova, 1957 Hirstionyssus gudauricus Razumova 1957: 45, fig. 1, 2. Hirstionyssus gudauricus — Senotrusova 1982: 11, figs 4–5; Senotrusova 1987: 100, figs 48, 49; Goncharova et al. 1991: 70; Mašán & Fend’a 2010: 132, figs 132–138. Hirstionyssus tatricus Mrciak 1958: 84. Hirstionyssus tatricus — Uchikawa 1974: 266, figs 5–7. Echinonyssus gudauricus — Tenorio 1984: 269. Echinonyssus tatricus — Tenorio 1984: 278. Type locality: Georgia, Kazbeghi District, vicinities of the villages of Kobi, Suatisi. Type series: ZIN and the Department of Zoology of the North-Ossetian Pedagogical Institute (Vladikavkaz, Russia). Type host: Chionomys gud (Satunin, 1909), the Gudaur vole. Host range: H. gudauricus infests hosts belonging to varied vole genera (Alticola, Chionomys, Clethrionomys, Microtus); sometimes is collected from shrews (Razumova 1957; Senotrusova 1987; Mašán & Fend’a 2010). It seems that no species can be considered as the chief host of this generalist parasite. Distribution: Northern and Central Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Western and Eastern Siberia (Senotrusova, 1987; Nikulina 2004; Huhta 2016); mostly in high mountain regions (Senotrusova 1987). Uchikawa (1974) recorded this species from Japan (as H. tatricus)., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Razumova, I. I. (1957) A new species of mite of the genus Hirstionyssus (Gamasoidea, Liponyssidae). Parazitologicheskiy Sbornik, 17, 45 - 47. [in Russian]","Senotrusova, V. N. (1982) A new species of gamasid mite of the genus Hypoaspis and re-description of two species of the genus Hirstionyssus (Parasitiformes, Gamasoidea) from Kazakhstan. Trudy Instituta Zoologii AN Kazakhskoi SSR, 40, 5 - 15. [in Russian]","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Goncharova, A. A., Bondarchuk, A. S. & Vershinina, O. N. (1991) Gamasid Mites-Ectoparasites of Mammals in Transbaikalia. Chita State Medical University, Chita, 121 pp. [in Russian]","Masan, P. & Fend'a, P. (2010) A Review of the Laelapid Mites Associated with Terrestrial Mammals in Slovakia, with a Key to the European Species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea). Institute of Zoology, Slovakian Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 187 pp.","Mrciak, M. (1958) Roztoce z radu Parasitiformes (Acari) z drobnych cicavcov Vysokych Tatier. Zoologicke listy, 7, 65 - 86.","Uchikawa, K. (1974) Studies on mesostigmatid mites parasitic on mammals and birds in Japan. I Hirstionyssus apodemi Zuevsky and H. tatricus Mrciak new to Japan, redescriptions of adults and descriptions of deutonymphs. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 24 (3), 261 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 24.261","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Nikulina, N. A. (2004) A Catalogue of Parasitic Gamasina Mites of Mammals of Northern Eurasia (Russia). Aktsioner & Co, Saint-Petersburg, 170 pp. [in Russian]","Huhta, V. (2016) Catalogue of the Mesostigmata mites in Finland. Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna & Flora Fennica, 92, 129 - 148. [http: // ojs. tsv. fi / index. php / msff / article / view / 60365 / 21224]"]}

Hirstionyssus eversmanni Zemskaya, 1955 Hirstionyssus eversmanni Zemskaya 1955: 366, figs 745–763. Hirstionyssus eversmanni Bregetova 1956: 181, figs 422–425; Senotrusova 1987: 100; Mašán & Fend’a 2010: 129. Echinonyssus eversmanni — Tenorio 1984: 268. Type locality: No exact locality was reported. Zemskaya (1955) mentioned H. eversmanni from the Volgograd Region of Russia and the Kustanay Region of Kazakhstan. The probable syntypes (ZIN) were collected in the latter area. Type series: Unknown (possibly in EMAMS). Probable syntypes—ZIN (collection numbers 6566–6568). Type host: Allocricetulus eversmanni (Brandt, 1859), the Eversmann’s hamster. Host range: Most often found on hamsters (the genera Cricetus, Allocricetulus), in Kazakhstan it parasitises some species of the genus Lagurus (steppe lemmings) [Senotrusova 1987; Nikulina 2004]. H. eversmanni may occasionally be associated with other rodents (voles, mice, ground squirrels). Distribution: Southern part of Eastern Europe, south of Asiatic Russia; eastern Kazakhstan (Zemskaya 1973; Senotrusova 1987; Nikulina 2004). In Asiatic Russia, H. eversmanni inhabits some areas of southwest Siberia and southern parts of Primorye, Russian Far East (Davydova & Nikol’skiy 1986; Nikulina 2004)., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on pages 107-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Bregetova, N. G. (1956) Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 61, 1 - 247. [in Russian]","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Masan, P. & Fend'a, P. (2010) A Review of the Laelapid Mites Associated with Terrestrial Mammals in Slovakia, with a Key to the European Species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea). Institute of Zoology, Slovakian Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 187 pp.","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Nikulina, N. A. (2004) A Catalogue of Parasitic Gamasina Mites of Mammals of Northern Eurasia (Russia). Aktsioner & Co, Saint-Petersburg, 170 pp. [in Russian]","Zemskaya, A. A. (1973) Parasitic Gamasid Mites and their Medical Importance. Meditsina Publishing House, Moscow, 168 pp. [in Russian]"]}

Hirstionyssus eusoricis Bregetova, 1956 Hirstionyssus eusoricis Bregetova 1956: 184, 191, figs 426, 427, 428, 472 (nom. nov. pro Hirstionyssus soricis sensu Zemskaya, 1955 non Turk, 1945). Echinonyssus eusoricis — Tenorio 1984: 267. Hirstionyssus eusoricis — Lange 1958: 216, pl. LXXVII (Л), pl. LXXVIII (Л); Nikulina 1987: 233, 234, fig. 118(9); Senotrusova 1987: 89, fig. 43; Goncharova et al. 1991: 69. Hirstionyssus soricis— Zemskaya 1955: 360, figs 782–784; Mašán & Fend’a 2010: 151, figs 160–165. Type locality: No exact type locality is reported. Bregetova (1956) cited findings of this species from Estonia, some regions of European Russia, as well as from western Kazakhstan. Type series: Unknown (not found in ZIN). Type hosts: Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758 and Neomys fodiens Pennant, 1771. Host range: Though H. eusoricis is usually regarded as a specific parasite of shrews and other soricimorph mammals (Zemskaya 1973; Senotrusova 1987), the findings of this mite from different species of rodents and even from bird nests are known (Nikulina 2004; Mašán & Fend’a 2010). Anyway, the insectivores remain the principal hosts for this parasite. Distribution: Northern Eurasia; widespread in Asiatic Russia, where occurs in both Siberia and the Russian Far East (Davydova & Nikol’sky 1986; Nikulina 1987, 2004; Goncharova et al. 1991). Notes: Tenorio (1984) supposed that H. eusoricis may be a synonym of H. soricis (Turk, 1945). This synonymy has been accepted by Mašán & Fend’a (2010) but not followed by Russian authors (Nikulina 1987, 2004; Goncharova et al. 1991; Korallo 2009)., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Bregetova, N. G. (1956) Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 61, 1 - 247. [in Russian]","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Lange, A. B. (1958) Superfamily Gamasoidea. In: Beklemishev, V. N. (Ed.), Key to Arthropods Injuring Human Health. Medgiz, Moscow, pp. 195 - 217. [in Russian]","Nikulina, N. A. (1987) Gamasid mites (cohort Gamasina). In: Soboleva, R. G. (Ed.), Insects and Mites of the Far East of Medical and Veterinary Importance. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 216 - 234. [in Russian].","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Goncharova, A. A., Bondarchuk, A. S. & Vershinina, O. N. (1991) Gamasid Mites-Ectoparasites of Mammals in Transbaikalia. Chita State Medical University, Chita, 121 pp. [in Russian]","Masan, P. & Fend'a, P. (2010) A Review of the Laelapid Mites Associated with Terrestrial Mammals in Slovakia, with a Key to the European Species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea). Institute of Zoology, Slovakian Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 187 pp.","Zemskaya, A. A. (1973) Parasitic Gamasid Mites and their Medical Importance. Meditsina Publishing House, Moscow, 168 pp. [in Russian]","Nikulina, N. A. (2004) A Catalogue of Parasitic Gamasina Mites of Mammals of Northern Eurasia (Russia). Aktsioner & Co, Saint-Petersburg, 170 pp. [in Russian]","Davydova, M. S. & Nikol'sky, V. V. (1986) Gamasid mites of Western Siberia. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 124 pp. [in Russian]","Korallo, N. P. (2009) Host-parasite relationships in gamasid mites of the genus Hirstionyssus (Acari: Parasitiformes: Gamasina) in the south of the West Siberian Plain. Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2, 188 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1995425509030059"]}

Hirstionyssus myospalacis Zemskaya & Piontkovskaya, 1957 Hirstionyssus myospalacis Zemskaya & Piontkovskaya 1957: 39, figs 1 (1–2) and 2 (2). Hirstionyssus myospalacis — Lange 1958: 215, pl. LXXVII (К), pl. LXXVIII (Б); Zemskaya 1973: 95; Koroleva 1977: 130, figs 1(4), 5(3); Senotrusova 1987: 94, figs 45, 46. Echinonyssus myospalacis — Tenorio 1984: 273. Type locality: Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan Region, in the vicinity of Razino village. Type series: EMAMS. Type host: the Altai zokor, Myospalax myospalax Laxmann, 1773. Host range: A characteristic parasite of the Altai zokor (Senotrusova 1987; Litvinov & Sapegina 2003). Distribution: East Kazakhstan, southwest Siberia, north China (Tenorio 1984; Senotrusova 1987). In Siberia, this species has been recorded from the northern Altai (Litvinov & Sapegina 2003)., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on pages 109-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Zemskaya, A. A. & Piontkovskaya, S. P. (1957) Gamasid mites of the Altai zokor from the newly developed lands of the East Kazakhstan region. Parazitologicheskiy Sbornik, 17, 38 - 44. [in Russian]","Lange, A. B. (1958) Superfamily Gamasoidea. In: Beklemishev, V. N. (Ed.), Key to Arthropods Injuring Human Health. Medgiz, Moscow, pp. 195 - 217. [in Russian]","Zemskaya, A. A. (1973) Parasitic Gamasid Mites and their Medical Importance. Meditsina Publishing House, Moscow, 168 pp. [in Russian]","Koroleva, E. V. (1977) Deutonymphs of the genus Hirstionyssus from the fauna of the USSR (Acarina, Hirstionyssidae). Parazitologiya, 11 (2), 129 - 140. [in Russian, https: // www. zin. ru / journals / parazitologiya / content / 1977 / prz _ 1977 _ 2 _ 7 _ Koroleva. pdf]","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Litvinov, Yu. N. & Sapegina, V. F. (2003) Ectoparasites of the Altai zokor (Myospalax myospalax) in Northern Altay. Parazitologiya, 37, 2, 103 - 106. [in Russian, https: // www. zin. ru / journals / parazitologiya / content / 2003 / prz _ 2003 _ 2 _ 2 _ Litvin % D 0 % BEv. pdf]"]}

Hirstionyssus butantanensis (Fonseca, 1932) ? Acarus musculi Schrank 1803: Fauna Boica, 3: 208. Ichoronyssus butantanensis Fonseca 1932: 135, textfig. Liponyssus latiscutatus de Meillon & Lavoipierre 1944: 62, fig. 5 A. Ichoronyssus orcadensis Turk 1946: 786, figs 1–7. Hirstionyssus musculi (Johnston, 1849) — Bregetova 1956: 185, 194, figs 402, 437–441, 476–478 (partim). Hirstionyssus latiscutatus — Fonseca 1948: 298; Evans & Till 1966: 291, fig. 71, A, B,72; Allred 1969: 242; Herrin 1970: 422, figs 57–59; Zuevsky 1970: 1343, fig. 1; Koroleva 1977: 137, figs 4 (2), 6 (3); Senotrusova 1987: 104, fig. 51; Goncharova et al. 1991: 77. Echinonyssus butantanensis — Tenorio 1984: 265; Mašán & Fend’a 2010: 121, figs 113–116. Type locality: Brazil, Sao Paulo. Type series: Brazil, Sao Paulo, Butantan Institute. Type host: Mus musculus (Linnaeus, 1758), albino morph (the white mouse) Host range: H. butantanensis prefers murine rodents of the genera Mus and Rattus (Mašán & Fend’a 2010). Distribution: Virtually cosmopolitan; the tight association of H. butantanensis with synanthropic rodents possibly explains its finding from areas far remoted from the type locality, e.g. in New Zealand (Tenquist & Charleston 2001). In Asiatic Russia, the species has been known (as H. latiscutatus) from Western Siberia and the southern parts of Eastern Siberia (Davydova & Nikol’sky 1986; Nikulina 2004). Notes: In Russian parasitological and acarological literature the name H. butantanensis is not in common use; most authors have used the name H. latiscutatus (see, for example, Zuevsky 1970; Nikulina 2004). The identity of Schrank’s (1803) mite species Acarus musculi (type host—the house mouse) is enigmatic due to the brevity of its original description and loss of the type series. Some authors (e.g. Baker & Wharton 1952) assigned this species to the genus Steatonyssus Kolenati, 1858. However, Steatonyssus mites are obligatory parasites of bats, and the finding of a member of this genus on the skin of a house mouse is very unlikely (Till & Evans 1964)., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Fonseca, F. da (1932) Notas de Acareologia II. Ichoronyssus butantanensis, sp. n. (Acarina, Dermanyssidae). (Nota Previa). Memorias do Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, 7, 135 - 138.","Schrank von Paula F. (1803) Fauna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere. 3 (2). Philipp Krull, Landshut, 372 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 44923","De Meillon, B. & Lavoipierre, M. (1944) New records and species of biting insects from the Ethiopian region. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 7, 38 - 67. [https: // journals. co. za / content / JESSA / 7 / 1 / AJA 00128789 _ 4423]","Turk, F. A. (1946) Studies of Acari, V. Notes on and descriptions of new and little-known British Acari. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 12, 785 - 820. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934508654785","Bregetova, N. G. (1956) Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 61, 1 - 247. [in Russian]","Fonseca, F. da (1948) A monograph of the genera and species of Macronyssidae Oudemans, 1936 (synom: Liponissidae Vitzthum, 1931) (Acari). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 118, 249 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1948. tb 00378. x","Evans, G. O. & Till, W. M. (1966) Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II. Classification. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 14, 107 - 370. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 125591 page / 153 / mode / 1 up]","Allred, D. M. (1969) New mesostigmatid mites from Pakistan with keys to genera and species. Journal of Medical Entomology, 6, 219 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 6.3.219","Herrin, C. S. (1970) A systematic revision of the genus Hirstionyssus (Acari: Mesostigmata) of the Nearctic region. Journal of Medical Entomology, 11, 341 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 7.4.391","Zuevsky, A. P. (1970) Two species of the genus Hirstionyssus (Parasitiformes, Hirstionyssidae), parasites of mice. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 49 (9), 1342 - 1348. [in Russian]","Koroleva, E. V. (1977) Deutonymphs of the genus Hirstionyssus from the fauna of the USSR (Acarina, Hirstionyssidae). Parazitologiya, 11 (2), 129 - 140. [in Russian, https: // www. zin. ru / journals / parazitologiya / content / 1977 / prz _ 1977 _ 2 _ 7 _ Koroleva. pdf]","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Goncharova, A. A., Bondarchuk, A. S. & Vershinina, O. N. (1991) Gamasid Mites-Ectoparasites of Mammals in Transbaikalia. Chita State Medical University, Chita, 121 pp. [in Russian]","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Masan, P. & Fend'a, P. (2010) A Review of the Laelapid Mites Associated with Terrestrial Mammals in Slovakia, with a Key to the European Species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea). Institute of Zoology, Slovakian Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 187 pp.","Tenquist, J. D. & Charleston, W. A. G. (2001) A revision of the annotated checklist of ectoparasites of terrestrial mammals in New Zealand. Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand, 31, 481 - 542. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2001.9517666","Davydova, M. S. & Nikol'sky, V. V. (1986) Gamasid mites of Western Siberia. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 124 pp. [in Russian]","Nikulina, N. A. (2004) A Catalogue of Parasitic Gamasina Mites of Mammals of Northern Eurasia (Russia). Aktsioner & Co, Saint-Petersburg, 170 pp. [in Russian]","Baker, E. W. & Wharton, G. W. (1952) An Introduction to Acarology. Macmillan, New York, 465 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6810","Till, W. M. & Evans, G. O. (1964) The genus Steatonyssus Kolenati (Acari: Mesostigmata). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 11 (8), 511 - 582. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4724"]}

Hirstionyssus pavlovskyi Zemskaya, 1959 Hirstionyssus pavlovskyii Zemskaya 1959: 486, figs 1–3. Echinonyssus pavlovskyi — Tenorio 1984: 276. Hirstionyssus pavlovskyi — Koroleva 1977: 138, figs 4 (5), 6 (6); Nikulina 1987: 233, 234; Goncharova et al. 1991: 75. Type locality: Russia, Primorye region, upper courses of the Iman River. Type series: Unknown (possibly in EMAMS). ZIN collection has two specimens (females; accession numbers 6410 and 6411) of H. pavlovskyi collected and identified by Zemskaya in 1957. The sampling site and host (Eutamias sibiricus) coincide with data provided in the original description (Zemskaya 1959). These two females may originate from the type series of H. pavlovskyi. Type hosts: Eutamias sibiricus (Laxmann, 1769), the Siberian chipmunk, and Pteromys volans (Linnaeus, 1758). Host range: Goncharova et al. (1991) consider Eutamias sibiricus as the principal and virtually exclusive mammal host of this mite. However, according to other authors, various species of voles (Clethrionomys, Microtus), mice, shrews, squirrels and other Micromammalia may serve as the auxiliary hosts for H. pavlovskyi (Yudin et al. 1976; Nikulina 2004). Distribution: H. pavlovskyi is endemic to Asiatic Russia. It is distributed in Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East, including the extreme northeast of Asia (Yudin et al. 1976; Goncharova et al. 1991; Nikulina 2004). Notes: Hirstionyssus pavlovskyi Mrciak, 1974 is a junior homonym of H. pavlovskyi Zemskaja, 1959. Koyumdzhieva (1978) introduced Hirstionyssus nitedula as a replacement name for the former., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Zemskaya, A. A. (1959) A new species of gamasid mite, Hirstionyssus pavlovskyi sp. n., from the Primorye. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 38 (3), 486 - 489. [in Russian]","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Koroleva, E. V. (1977) Deutonymphs of the genus Hirstionyssus from the fauna of the USSR (Acarina, Hirstionyssidae). Parazitologiya, 11 (2), 129 - 140. [in Russian, https: // www. zin. ru / journals / parazitologiya / content / 1977 / prz _ 1977 _ 2 _ 7 _ Koroleva. pdf]","Nikulina, N. A. (1987) Gamasid mites (cohort Gamasina). In: Soboleva, R. G. (Ed.), Insects and Mites of the Far East of Medical and Veterinary Importance. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 216 - 234. [in Russian].","Goncharova, A. A., Bondarchuk, A. S. & Vershinina, O. N. (1991) Gamasid Mites-Ectoparasites of Mammals in Transbaikalia. Chita State Medical University, Chita, 121 pp. [in Russian]","Yudin, B. S., Krivosheev, V. G. & Belyaev, V. G. (1976) Small Mammals of the Northern Part of Far East. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 272 pp. [in Russian]","Nikulina, N. A. (2004) A Catalogue of Parasitic Gamasina Mites of Mammals of Northern Eurasia (Russia). Aktsioner & Co, Saint-Petersburg, 170 pp. [in Russian]","Koyumdzhieva, M. (1978) On the systematics of the genus Hirstionyssus Fonseca, 1948 (Gamasina, Hirstionyssidae) with a description of a new species Hirstionyssus improvisus sp. n. from the Bulgarian mouse-like dormouse. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 11, 49 - 53. [in Russian]"]}

This article represents the third (and last) part of the catalogue of ectoparasitic gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia (Siberia and the Russian Far East). A total of 19 species of the genus Hirstionyssus Fonseca, 1948 are indexed, with data on their taxonomic position, nomenclature, host range, and distribution within the region. As a conclusion, a brief overview of fauna of ectoparasitic gamasid mites parasitising Micromammalia (except bats) of Asiatic Russia is given. In total, 71 mite species belonging to nine genera of three families (Haemogamasidae, Hirstionyssidae, Laelapidae) are recorded and divided among taxonomic and ecological groupings.

Hirstionyssus davydovae Nikol’sky, 1984 Hirstionyssus davydovae Nikol’sky, 1984: 26. Type locality: Russia, Tyumen Region, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, in the vicinities of Salekhard City, in forest-tundra. Type series: SZM. Type host: Clethrionomys rutilus (Pallas, 1774), the northern red-backed vole. Host range: Three species of mammals have been indicated as hosts of H. davydovae: Clethrionomys rutilus, Microtus oeconomus Pallas, 1776, and Sorex tundrensis Merriam, 1900 (Nikol’sky 1984). Distribution: This poorly studied mite is known only from several locations situated in the northern part of Western Siberia (Nikol’sky 1984)., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Nikol'sky, V. V. (1984) New species of gamasid mites (Parasitiformes, Gamasina) from Siberia. In: Chlenistonogiye i gel'minty (Novyye i maloizvestnyye vidy fauny Sibiri. No. 17. Nauka, Novosibirsk, pp. 26 - 33. [in Russian]"]}

Hirstionyssus confucianus (Hirst, 1921) Liponyssus berlesei Hirst, 1921a: 362, figs 8–9. Liponyssus confucianus Hirst 1921b: 789, nom. nov. pro Liponyssus berlesei Hirst, 1921 non Canestrini, 1888. Hirstionyssus confucianus — Fonseca 1948: 297; Bregetova 1956: 174, 187, figs 391, 392, 455; Lange 1958: 215, pl. LXXVIII (Г); Koroleva 1977: 135, figs 1 (1), 5(8); Nikulina 1987: 233, 234; Goncharova et al. 1991: 66. Echinonyssus confucianus — Tenorio 1984: 265. Tenorio 1985: 5, figs 3–5. Type locality: North China, “Yu-Lin-Fu, Shansi”. Type series: NHMUK. The type secies includes the lectotype and 12 paralectotypes (7 females, 5 deutonymphs). The lectotype was designated by Tenorio (1984; for more details see Tenorio 1985). Type host: Stated as “ Myospalax scansus ” = Eospalax cansus (Lyon 1907), the Gansu zokor (see Zhou & Zhou 2008 for details). Host range: The species of the genus Myospalax (zokors) are the principal hosts of this mite (Tenorio 1985). In Siberia, H. confucianus is associated with the Daurian zokor, Myospalax aspalax Pallas, 1776 (Goncharova et al. 1991); occasional recordings of this parasite from the narrow-headed vole (M. gregalis), marmots, and the Siberian jerboa, Allactaga sibirica Foster, 1778, are known (Nikulina 2004). Distribution: Far East. Found in some areas of Southern Siberia (Irkutsk Region, Transbaikalia) [Goncharova et al. 1991; Nikulina 2004]., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on pages 105-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Hirst, S. (1921 a) On some new or little known Acari, mostly parasitic in habit. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1921, 357 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 11.3.341","Hirst, S. (1921 b). On some new parasitic mites. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1921, 769 - 802. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1921. tb 03291. x","Fonseca, F. da (1948) A monograph of the genera and species of Macronyssidae Oudemans, 1936 (synom: Liponissidae Vitzthum, 1931) (Acari). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 118, 249 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1948. tb 00378. x","Bregetova, N. G. (1956) Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 61, 1 - 247. [in Russian]","Lange, A. B. (1958) Superfamily Gamasoidea. In: Beklemishev, V. N. (Ed.), Key to Arthropods Injuring Human Health. Medgiz, Moscow, pp. 195 - 217. [in Russian]","Koroleva, E. V. (1977) Deutonymphs of the genus Hirstionyssus from the fauna of the USSR (Acarina, Hirstionyssidae). Parazitologiya, 11 (2), 129 - 140. [in Russian, https: // www. zin. ru / journals / parazitologiya / content / 1977 / prz _ 1977 _ 2 _ 7 _ Koroleva. pdf]","Nikulina, N. A. (1987) Gamasid mites (cohort Gamasina). In: Soboleva, R. G. (Ed.), Insects and Mites of the Far East of Medical and Veterinary Importance. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 216 - 234. [in Russian].","Goncharova, A. A., Bondarchuk, A. S. & Vershinina, O. N. (1991) Gamasid Mites-Ectoparasites of Mammals in Transbaikalia. Chita State Medical University, Chita, 121 pp. [in Russian]","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Tenorio, J. M. (1985) Systematics of Echinonyssus. II. E. blanchardi and E. confucianus (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Acarology, 11, 3 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647958508683388","Zhou, C. & Zhou, K. (2008) The validity of different zokor species and the genus Eospalax inferred from mitochondrial gene sequences. Integrative Zoology, 3, 290 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 4877.2008.00108. x","Nikulina, N. A. (2004) A Catalogue of Parasitic Gamasina Mites of Mammals of Northern Eurasia (Russia). Aktsioner & Co, Saint-Petersburg, 170 pp. [in Russian]"]}

Hirstionyssus talpae Zemskaya, 1955 ? Liponyssus arcuatus (C.L. Koch, 1839) — Oudemans 1913a: 386; 1913b: 68–75, figs 261–280. Hirstionyssus talpae Zemskaya 1955: 360, figs 780, 781. Hirstionyssus talpae — Bregetova 1956: 184, 191, figs 429–431, 470, 471; Lange 1958: 216, pl. LXXVIII (И, К); Evans & Till 1966: 281, fig. 67, C-D, 68, 69, A-G; Herrin 1970: 411, figs 30–32; Senotrusova 1987: 89, fig. 42; Mašán & Fend’a 2010: 162, figs 172–177. Hirstionyssus palustris Allred & Beck 1966: 19, figs 15, 131, 222, 261, 455, 463, 558, 605. Echinonyssus talpae — Tenorio 1984: 278. Type locality: No exact locality was stated. Zemskaya (1955) mentioned H. talpae from the Moscow Region of Russia and the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine. Type series: Unknown (possibly in EMAMS). Type host: Talpa europaea Linnaeus, 1758, the European mole. Host range: In Eurasia, the principal hosts of this mite are moles of the genus Talpa — T. europaea and T. altaica Nikol’sky, 1883 (Zemskaya 1973; Senotrusova 1987). It is very numerous in mole nests (Evans & Till 1966). In North America, the hosts of this species are the star-nosed mole [Condylura cristata (Linnaeus, 1758)] and many species of shrews belonging to different genera (Blarina Gray, 1838, Cryptotis Pomel, 1848, Sorex Linnaeus, 1758) [Whittaker et al. 2007]. In New Zealand, H. talpae has been recorded from the introduced Erinaeus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758), the European hedgehog (Tenquist & Charleston 2001). Occasional findings of this parasite on different rodent hosts are known (Nikulina 2004; Mašán & Fend’a 2010). Distribution: The range of H. talpae is very wide. This mite is known from the Holarctic as well as from very distant regions such as New Zealand (Herrin 1970; Tenorio 1984; Tenquist & Charleston 2001; Whitaker et al. 2007). In Asiatic Russia, the species has been recorded from Western and Eastern Siberia (Nikulina 2004); its occurrence in the Russian Far East is also probable., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Oudemans, A. C. (1913 a) Acarologische Aanteekeningen XLVIII. Entomologische Berichten, 3, 384 - 387. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 35928 page / 438 / mode / 1 up]","Oudemans, A. C. (1913 b) Acarologisches aus Maulwurfsnestern. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A, 79, 68 - 136. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 47755 page / 74 / mode / 1 up]","Bregetova, N. G. (1956) Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 61, 1 - 247. [in Russian]","Lange, A. B. (1958) Superfamily Gamasoidea. In: Beklemishev, V. N. (Ed.), Key to Arthropods Injuring Human Health. Medgiz, Moscow, pp. 195 - 217. [in Russian]","Evans, G. O. & Till, W. M. (1966) Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II. Classification. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 14, 107 - 370. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 125591 page / 153 / mode / 1 up]","Herrin, C. S. (1970) A systematic revision of the genus Hirstionyssus (Acari: Mesostigmata) of the Nearctic region. Journal of Medical Entomology, 11, 341 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 7.4.391","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Masan, P. & Fend'a, P. (2010) A Review of the Laelapid Mites Associated with Terrestrial Mammals in Slovakia, with a Key to the European Species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea). Institute of Zoology, Slovakian Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 187 pp.","Allred, D. M. & Beck, D. E. (1966) Mites of Utah mammals. Bringham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7441","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Zemskaya, A. A. (1973) Parasitic Gamasid Mites and their Medical Importance. Meditsina Publishing House, Moscow, 168 pp. [in Russian]","Tenquist, J. D. & Charleston, W. A. G. (2001) A revision of the annotated checklist of ectoparasites of terrestrial mammals in New Zealand. Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand, 31, 481 - 542. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2001.9517666","Nikulina, N. A. (2004) A Catalogue of Parasitic Gamasina Mites of Mammals of Northern Eurasia (Russia). Aktsioner & Co, Saint-Petersburg, 170 pp. [in Russian]","Whitaker, J. O. Jr., Walters, B. L., Caster, L. K., Ritzi, C. M. & Wilson, N. (2007) Host and distribution lists of mites (Acari), parasitic and phoretic, in the hair or on the skin of North American wild mammals north of Mexico: records since 1974. Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, 2007, 1 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2424511"]}

Genus Hirstionyssus Fonseca, 1948 Hirstionyssus Fonseca, 1948: 266. Dermanyssus Dugès, 1834: 18 (partim). Liponyssus Kolenati, 1859: 172 (partim). Echinonyssus Hirst, 1925: 51 sensu Tenorio & Radovsky, 1979. Sciurinyssus Koyumdzhieva, 1978: 49. Type species: Dermanyssus arcuatus C.L. Koch, 1839 = Liponyssus arcuatus (C.L. Koch) sensu Oudemans, 1913 (see remarks below) General morphological diagnosis: see Evans & Till (1966: 277), Mašán & Fend’a (2010: 71). Notes: Some authors, following Tenorio & Radovsky (1979) and Tenorio (1984), accept Hirstionyssus as a junior synonym of Echinonyssus Hirst, 1925. On the other hand, Mašán & Fend’a (2010) consider Echinonyssus as a monotypic genus restricted to the type species Echinonyssus nasutus Hirst, 1925. This point of view corresponds to that of Russian acarologists (Bregetova 1956; Zemskaya 1973; Goncharova et al. 1991) and is followed here. The genus has been recorded from all continents and comprises more than 115 species (Tenorio 1984). The ex- USSR acarofauna includes approximately 30 species of Hirstionyssus (Bregetova 1977), nearly 20 of which have been recorded from the Asiatic Russia territory. The identity of the type species of the genus Hirstionyssus, Dermanyssus arcuatus C.L. Koch, 1839 sensu Oudemans, 1913, has been debated in the literature. Most authors agree that it is a doubtful taxon, and its taxonomic treatment was different in the works of different acarologists. Though Evans & Till (1966) and Tenorio (1984) viewed D. arcuatus as identical with Hirstionyssus talpae Zemskaya, 1955, it was re-named by Zuevsky (1970) as Hirstionyssus apodemi. A very wide spectrum of hosts of Dermanyssus arcuatus C.L. Koch sensu Oudemans, 1913, ranging from bats to carnivores (Oudemans, 1913a, b), indicates that a mixture of several species might have been united under this taxonomic name., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on pages 103-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Fonseca, F. da (1948) A monograph of the genera and species of Macronyssidae Oudemans, 1936 (synom: Liponissidae Vitzthum, 1931) (Acari). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 118, 249 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1948. tb 00378. x","Duges, A. L. (1834) Recherches sur l'ordre des Acariens en general & la famille des Trombidies en particulier. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zoologie, 2 (1), 5 - 46. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 19445 page / 9 / mode / 1 up]","Kolenati, F. A. (1859) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Arachniden, II. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 35, 155 - 190. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 30212 page / 177 / mode / 1 up]","Hirst, S. (1925) Descriptions of new Acari, mainly parasitic on rodents. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 4, 49 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1925. tb 03342. x","Tenorio, J. M. & Radovsky, F. J. (1979) Review of the subfamily Hirstionyssinae, synonymy of Echinonyssus Hirst and Hirstionyssus Fonseca, and descriptions of four new species of Echinonyssus. Journal of Medical Entomology, 16, 370 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 16.5.370","Koyumdzhieva, M. (1978) On the systematics of the genus Hirstionyssus Fonseca, 1948 (Gamasina, Hirstionyssidae) with a description of a new species Hirstionyssus improvisus sp. n. from the Bulgarian mouse-like dormouse. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 11, 49 - 53. [in Russian]","Evans, G. O. & Till, W. M. (1966) Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II. Classification. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 14, 107 - 370. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 125591 page / 153 / mode / 1 up]","Masan, P. & Fend'a, P. (2010) A Review of the Laelapid Mites Associated with Terrestrial Mammals in Slovakia, with a Key to the European Species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea). Institute of Zoology, Slovakian Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 187 pp.","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Bregetova, N. G. (1956) Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 61, 1 - 247. [in Russian]","Zemskaya, A. A. (1973) Parasitic Gamasid Mites and their Medical Importance. Meditsina Publishing House, Moscow, 168 pp. [in Russian]","Goncharova, A. A., Bondarchuk, A. S. & Vershinina, O. N. (1991) Gamasid Mites-Ectoparasites of Mammals in Transbaikalia. Chita State Medical University, Chita, 121 pp. [in Russian]","Bregetova, N. G. (1977) Fam. Hirstionyssidae Evans & Till, 1966. In: Ghilyarov, M. S. & Bregetova, N. G. (Eds.), Key to the Soil Inhabiting Mites. Mesostigmata. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 572 - 573. [in Russian]","Zuevsky, A. P. (1970) Two species of the genus Hirstionyssus (Parasitiformes, Hirstionyssidae), parasites of mice. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 49 (9), 1342 - 1348. [in Russian]","Oudemans, A. C. (1913 a) Acarologische Aanteekeningen XLVIII. Entomologische Berichten, 3, 384 - 387. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 35928 page / 438 / mode / 1 up]"]}

Hirstionyssus sciurinus (Hirst, 1921) Liponyssus sciurinus Hirst 1921b: 785, figs 28a, 29. Hirstionyssus sciurinus — Fonseca 1948: 298; Willmann 1952: 407; Zemskaya 1955: 359, figs 764, 765; Bregetova 1956: 167, 187, figs 378, 379, 397, 450; Lange 1958: 214, pl. LXXVII (Е); Koroleva 1977: 134, figs 2(3), 5(5); Nikulina 1987: 233, 234, fig. 118(5); Senotrusova 1987: 73, fig. 35; Mašán & Fend’a 2010: 149, figs 154–159. Hirstionyssus (Sciurinyssus) sciurinus Koyumdzhieva 1978: 53. Echinonyssus sciurinus — Tenorio 1984: 277. Hirstionyssus sciurinus — Goncharova et al. 1991: 77. Type locality: France, Briançon. Type series: NHMUK (syntypes). Type host: Sciurus vulgaris, the Eurasian red squirrel. Host range: In addition to Sciurus vulgaris, this mite can use as its secondary hosts other species of rodentsmice, voles, dormice (Senotrusova 1987; Mašán & Fend’a 2010). Distribution: Northern Eurasia, including Kazakhstan and Northern China (Tenorio 1984; Senotrusova 1987). The range of this mite coincides with the range of its principal host, S. vulgaris., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on pages 110-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Hirst, S. (1921 b). On some new parasitic mites. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1921, 769 - 802. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1921. tb 03291. x","Fonseca, F. da (1948) A monograph of the genera and species of Macronyssidae Oudemans, 1936 (synom: Liponissidae Vitzthum, 1931) (Acari). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 118, 249 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1948. tb 00378. x","Willmann, C. (1952) Parasitische Milben an Kleinsaugern. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 15, 392 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00259346","Bregetova, N. G. (1956) Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 61, 1 - 247. [in Russian]","Lange, A. B. (1958) Superfamily Gamasoidea. In: Beklemishev, V. N. (Ed.), Key to Arthropods Injuring Human Health. Medgiz, Moscow, pp. 195 - 217. [in Russian]","Koroleva, E. V. (1977) Deutonymphs of the genus Hirstionyssus from the fauna of the USSR (Acarina, Hirstionyssidae). Parazitologiya, 11 (2), 129 - 140. [in Russian, https: // www. zin. ru / journals / parazitologiya / content / 1977 / prz _ 1977 _ 2 _ 7 _ Koroleva. pdf]","Nikulina, N. A. (1987) Gamasid mites (cohort Gamasina). In: Soboleva, R. G. (Ed.), Insects and Mites of the Far East of Medical and Veterinary Importance. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 216 - 234. [in Russian].","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Masan, P. & Fend'a, P. (2010) A Review of the Laelapid Mites Associated with Terrestrial Mammals in Slovakia, with a Key to the European Species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea). Institute of Zoology, Slovakian Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 187 pp.","Koyumdzhieva, M. (1978) On the systematics of the genus Hirstionyssus Fonseca, 1948 (Gamasina, Hirstionyssidae) with a description of a new species Hirstionyssus improvisus sp. n. from the Bulgarian mouse-like dormouse. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 11, 49 - 53. [in Russian]","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Goncharova, A. A., Bondarchuk, A. S. & Vershinina, O. N. (1991) Gamasid Mites-Ectoparasites of Mammals in Transbaikalia. Chita State Medical University, Chita, 121 pp. [in Russian]"]}

Hirstionyssus isabellinus (Oudemans, 1913) Liponyssus isabellinus Oudemans 1913a: 384. Hirstionyssus arvicolae Zemskaya 1955: 366, figs 790–792. Hirstionyssus isabellinus — Fonseca 1948: 297; Willmann 1952: 406; Bregetova 1956: 181, 189, figs 29, 34, 401, 418–419, 462–465; Lange 1958: 217; Piryanik 1962: 107; Allred & Beck 1966: 29, figs 34, 91, 138, 183, 240, 295, 339, 441, 476, 521, 525, 574; Evans & Till 1966: 295, fig. 73; Herrin 1970: 427, figs 1–4, 67–68; Zemskaya 1973: 83; Koroleva 1977: 138, figs 4(6), 6(8); Nikulina 1987: 233, 234; Senotrusova 1987: 86, fig. 41; Goncharova et al. 1991: 71; Mašán & Fend’a 2010: 135, figs 139–144. Echinonyssus isabellinus — Tenorio 1984: 270. Hirstionyssus galeatus Feider & Solomon 1960: 607, figs 1–8. Echinonyssus galeatus — Tenorio 1984: 268. Type locality: The Netherlands. Type series: Unknown. Type host: Oudemans (1913a) indicated Arvicola terrestris, Mus musculus, Talpa europaea, and Mustela erminea as the hosts of the mite individuals, which were used by him to establish a new species. Host range: H. isabellinus is found on a very broad circle of mammal hosts, and neither can be designated as the principal host for this mite. H. isabellinus was found on many species of voles (of different genera), mice, shrews, pikas, rats, ground squirrels etc. (Herrin 1970; Yudin et al. 1976; Senotrusova 1987; Goncharova et al. 1991; Whitaker et al. 2007; Korallo 2009; Krasnov et al. 2010; Mašán & Fend’a 2010). It was found also in birds’ nests (Mašán & Fend’a 2010). Distribution: Eurasia and North America (Allred & Beck 1966; Herrin 1970; Whitaker et al. 2007). In Asiatic Russia H. isabellinus occurs in all regions, including the extreme North (Yudin et al. 1976; Davydova & Nikol’sky 1986; Nikulina 2004)., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Oudemans, A. C. (1913 a) Acarologische Aanteekeningen XLVIII. Entomologische Berichten, 3, 384 - 387. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 35928 page / 438 / mode / 1 up]","Fonseca, F. da (1948) A monograph of the genera and species of Macronyssidae Oudemans, 1936 (synom: Liponissidae Vitzthum, 1931) (Acari). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 118, 249 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1948. tb 00378. x","Willmann, C. (1952) Parasitische Milben an Kleinsaugern. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 15, 392 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00259346","Bregetova, N. G. (1956) Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 61, 1 - 247. [in Russian]","Lange, A. B. (1958) Superfamily Gamasoidea. In: Beklemishev, V. N. (Ed.), Key to Arthropods Injuring Human Health. Medgiz, Moscow, pp. 195 - 217. [in Russian]","Piryanik, G. I. (1962) Gamasid Mites of Mouse-like Rodents of the Ukrainian Forest-steppe. Kiev University Press, Kiev, 176 p. [in Russian]","Allred, D. M. & Beck, D. E. (1966) Mites of Utah mammals. Bringham Young University Science Bulletin, 8, 1 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7441","Evans, G. O. & Till, W. M. (1966) Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II. Classification. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 14, 107 - 370. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 125591 page / 153 / mode / 1 up]","Herrin, C. S. (1970) A systematic revision of the genus Hirstionyssus (Acari: Mesostigmata) of the Nearctic region. Journal of Medical Entomology, 11, 341 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 7.4.391","Zemskaya, A. A. (1973) Parasitic Gamasid Mites and their Medical Importance. Meditsina Publishing House, Moscow, 168 pp. [in Russian]","Koroleva, E. V. (1977) Deutonymphs of the genus Hirstionyssus from the fauna of the USSR (Acarina, Hirstionyssidae). Parazitologiya, 11 (2), 129 - 140. [in Russian, https: // www. zin. ru / journals / parazitologiya / content / 1977 / prz _ 1977 _ 2 _ 7 _ Koroleva. pdf]","Nikulina, N. A. (1987) Gamasid mites (cohort Gamasina). In: Soboleva, R. G. (Ed.), Insects and Mites of the Far East of Medical and Veterinary Importance. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 216 - 234. [in Russian].","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Goncharova, A. A., Bondarchuk, A. S. & Vershinina, O. N. (1991) Gamasid Mites-Ectoparasites of Mammals in Transbaikalia. Chita State Medical University, Chita, 121 pp. [in Russian]","Masan, P. & Fend'a, P. (2010) A Review of the Laelapid Mites Associated with Terrestrial Mammals in Slovakia, with a Key to the European Species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea). Institute of Zoology, Slovakian Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 187 pp.","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Feider, Z. & Solomon, L. (1960) Hirstionyssus galeatus, un nouveau gamaside (Acari) parasite de Microtus arvalis laevis. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine & Compare, 35, 607 - 614. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1960354607","Yudin, B. S., Krivosheev, V. G. & Belyaev, V. G. (1976) Small Mammals of the Northern Part of Far East. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 272 pp. [in Russian]","Whitaker, J. O. Jr., Walters, B. L., Caster, L. K., Ritzi, C. M. & Wilson, N. (2007) Host and distribution lists of mites (Acari), parasitic and phoretic, in the hair or on the skin of North American wild mammals north of Mexico: records since 1974. Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, 2007, 1 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2424511","Korallo, N. P. (2009) Host-parasite relationships in gamasid mites of the genus Hirstionyssus (Acari: Parasitiformes: Gamasina) in the south of the West Siberian Plain. Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2, 188 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1995425509030059","Krasnov, B. R., Korallo-Vinarskaya, N. P., Vinarski, M. V. & Lareschi, M. (2010) Prediction of prevalence from mean abundance via a simple epidemiological model in mesostigmate mites from two geographical regions. Parasitology, 137, 1227 - 1237. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182010000090","Davydova, M. S. & Nikol'sky, V. V. (1986) Gamasid mites of Western Siberia. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 124 pp. [in Russian]","Nikulina, N. A. (2004) A Catalogue of Parasitic Gamasina Mites of Mammals of Northern Eurasia (Russia). Aktsioner & Co, Saint-Petersburg, 170 pp. [in Russian]"]}

Hirstionyssus transiliensis Bregetova, 1956 Hirstionyssus transiliensis Bregetova 1956: 179, 191, figs 400, 414, 415, 467–469 Hirstionyssus transiliensis — Allred 1969: 242; Koroleva 1977: 132, figs 2(1), 5(6); Senotrusova 1987: 79, fig. 38; Echinonyssus transiliensis — Tenorio 1984: 279. Hirstionyssus transiliensis — Goncharova et al. 1991: 74. Type locality: Kazakhstan, Zailiyskiy Alatau Ridge, Kamenskoye Gorge. Type series: Syntypes are kept in ZIN (accession numbers 7905–7918). Type hosts: Clethrionomys frater (Thomas, 1908) and Microtus gregalis. Host range: The principal hosts of this species are voles belonging to various genera— Arvicola, Clethrionomys, Microtus (Senotrusova 1987; Nikulina 2004). In the Transbaikalian region, H. transiliensis was collected exclusively from the narrow-headed vole (M. gregalis) [Goncharova et al. 1991]. In different areas of Asiatic Russia, the mite was occasionally sampled from other small mammals, including shrews, mice, muskrats, hamsters etc. (Nikulina 2004). Distribution: Northern and Central Asia, the Near East. The species inhabits Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Inner Mongolia, Pakistan (Daniel 1977; Tenorio 1984; Senotrusova 1987; Halliday et al. 2018). In Asiatic Russia, H. transiliensis occurs in Siberia except of the northern latitudes; a single recording from the South Urals is known (Davydova & Nikol’sky 1986; Goncharova et al. 1991; Nikulina 2004). Notes: A subspecies (H. transiliensis neimongkuensis Yao, 1966) was described from Inner Mongolia (China) [Yao, 1966; Tenorio 1984]., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on pages 111-112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Bregetova, N. G. (1956) Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 61, 1 - 247. [in Russian]","Allred, D. M. (1969) New mesostigmatid mites from Pakistan with keys to genera and species. Journal of Medical Entomology, 6, 219 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 6.3.219","Koroleva, E. V. (1977) Deutonymphs of the genus Hirstionyssus from the fauna of the USSR (Acarina, Hirstionyssidae). Parazitologiya, 11 (2), 129 - 140. [in Russian, https: // www. zin. ru / journals / parazitologiya / content / 1977 / prz _ 1977 _ 2 _ 7 _ Koroleva. pdf]","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Goncharova, A. A., Bondarchuk, A. S. & Vershinina, O. N. (1991) Gamasid Mites-Ectoparasites of Mammals in Transbaikalia. Chita State Medical University, Chita, 121 pp. [in Russian]","Nikulina, N. A. (2004) A Catalogue of Parasitic Gamasina Mites of Mammals of Northern Eurasia (Russia). Aktsioner & Co, Saint-Petersburg, 170 pp. [in Russian]","Daniel, M. (1977) Mesostigmatid mites of small mammals from the Hindu Kush (Afghanistan). Folia Parasitologica, 24, 353 - 366. [http: // folia. paru. cas. cz / pdfs / fol / 1977 / 04 / 13. pdf]","Halliday, B., Kamran, M. & Bashir, M. H. (2018) Checklist of the mites of Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4464 (1), 1 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4464.1.1","Davydova, M. S. & Nikol'sky, V. V. (1986) Gamasid mites of Western Siberia. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 124 pp. [in Russian]"]}

Hirstionyssus meridianus Zemskaya, 1955 Hirstionyssus meridianus Zemskaya 1955: 366, figs 785–789. Hirstionyssus meridianus Bregetova 1956: 179, 191, figs 416, 417, 420, 473–475; Lange 1958: 216, pl. LXXVII (П, Р); Allred 1969: 242; Zemskaya 1973: 89; Koroleva 1977: 138, figs 3(2), 6(7); Senotrusova 1987: 81, figs 39, 40; Mašán & Fend’a 2010: 142. Echinonyssus meridianus— Tenorio 1984: 272. Type locality: No exact locality was reported. Zemskaya (1955) mentioned H. eversmanni from the Volgograd Region of Russia and from Turkmenistan. Type series: Unknown (possibly in EMAMS). Type host: Two species of gerbils— Rhombomys opimus (Lichtenstein, 1823) and Meriones meridianus (Pallas, 1773). Host range: This mite is considered a specific parasite of gerbils of the genera Meriones and Rhombomys (Bretetova 1956; Zemskaya 1973). Distribution: The species is widely distributed in the Middle East and Central Asia (Tenorio 1984); the northwestern part of its range lies in the south of European Russia (Bregetova 1956). It is recorded from the Central Asian republics of the former USSR as well as from Armenia, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwestern China—Xinjang are known (Bregetova 1956; Oganjanyan 1962; Zemskaya et al. 1975; Daniel 1977; Senotrusova 1987; Ye et al. 2000; Halliday et al. 2018). The presence of H. meridianus in the fauna of Asiatic Russia needs a confirmation. We include it in our check-list on the basis of a single record from Western Siberia (without exact locality) in the catalogue of SZM collection (see http://szmn.eco.nsc.ru/Inverteb/ Gamasina.htm). In addition, there is a single (and rather doubtful) record of this mite from the South Urals, the area adjacent to Western Siberia (Litvinova & Zavodova 1969). We consider this record as doubtful since the mites were collected from Microtus voles., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Bregetova, N. G. (1956) Gamasid mites (Gamasoidea). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, 61, 1 - 247. [in Russian]","Lange, A. B. (1958) Superfamily Gamasoidea. In: Beklemishev, V. N. (Ed.), Key to Arthropods Injuring Human Health. Medgiz, Moscow, pp. 195 - 217. [in Russian]","Allred, D. M. (1969) New mesostigmatid mites from Pakistan with keys to genera and species. Journal of Medical Entomology, 6, 219 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 6.3.219","Zemskaya, A. A. (1973) Parasitic Gamasid Mites and their Medical Importance. Meditsina Publishing House, Moscow, 168 pp. [in Russian]","Koroleva, E. V. (1977) Deutonymphs of the genus Hirstionyssus from the fauna of the USSR (Acarina, Hirstionyssidae). Parazitologiya, 11 (2), 129 - 140. [in Russian, https: // www. zin. ru / journals / parazitologiya / content / 1977 / prz _ 1977 _ 2 _ 7 _ Koroleva. pdf]","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Masan, P. & Fend'a, P. (2010) A Review of the Laelapid Mites Associated with Terrestrial Mammals in Slovakia, with a Key to the European Species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssoidea). Institute of Zoology, Slovakian Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 187 pp.","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Oganjanyan, A. M. (1962) On gamasid mite species new for the fauna of the Armenian SSR. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Armyanskoi SSR, 15 (3), 81 - 86. [in Russian]","Zemskaya, A. A., Neronov, V. M. & Farhang-Azad, A. (1975) Gamasid mites-ectoparasites of small mammals in Iran. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 54 (11), 1602 - 1608. [in Russian].","Daniel, M. (1977) Mesostigmatid mites of small mammals from the Hindu Kush (Afghanistan). Folia Parasitologica, 24, 353 - 366. [http: // folia. paru. cas. cz / pdfs / fol / 1977 / 04 / 13. pdf]","Ye, R. Y., Li, W. D., Shi, B., Zhou, J., Li, W., Wang, Z. Y. & Ma, L. M. (2000) Six new records of gamasid mite in Xinjiang and the deutonymph morphology of Hirstionyssus meridianus Zemskaja, 1955 (Acari). Endemic Diseases Bulletin, 15, 48 - 50 [in Chinese]","Halliday, B., Kamran, M. & Bashir, M. H. (2018) Checklist of the mites of Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4464 (1), 1 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4464.1.1","Litvinova, L. N. & Zavodova, V. N. (1969) On the fauna of gamasid mites of the Transuaralian region. Uchenyye zapiski Permskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, 179, 134 - 145. [in Russian]"]}

Hirstionyssus ochotonae Lange & Petrova in Lange, 1958 Hirstionyssus ochotonae Lange 1958: 216, pl. LXXVIII (З). Hirstionyssus ochotonae — Senotrusova & Kapitonov 1974: 18, fig. 4, 5; Senotrusova 1987: 108, fig. 53. Echinonyssus ochotonae — Tenorio 1984: 274. Type locality: Tien-Shan Mts. Type series: Unknown. Type host: Ochotona roylei (Ogilby, 1839) the Indian pika. Host range: A characteristic parasite of rodents of the genus Ochotona (pikas). In south Kazakhstan was found to parasitise the silver mountain mole, Alticola argentatus (Severtzov, 1879) [Senotrusova 1987]. Distribution: The species was reported from pikas collected in the former Central Asian region of the USSR (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Iran and in China (Shanxi, Tibet) [Senotrusova & Kapitonov 1974; Zemskaya et al. 1981; Tenorio 1984; Senotrusova 1987; Huang 1990]. We include it into our check-list on the basis of a single record from Western Siberia (without exact locality) in the catalogue of SZM collection (see http://szmn.eco.nsc.ru/ Inverteb/ Gamasina.htm). Most probably, H. ochotonae occurs in the mountainous regions of South Siberia (Altay Mts, Sayany Mts.) where several species of pikas are distributed (Gromov & Erbayeva 1995)., Published as part of Vinarski, Maxim V. & Korallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia P., 2020, An annotated catalogue of the gamasid mites associated with small mammals in Asiatic Russia. The family Hirstionyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), pp. 102-118 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on page 110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4403711, {"references":["Lange, A. B. (1958) Superfamily Gamasoidea. In: Beklemishev, V. N. (Ed.), Key to Arthropods Injuring Human Health. Medgiz, Moscow, pp. 195 - 217. [in Russian]","Senotrusova, V. N. & Kapitonov, V. I. (1974) The description of one new and one rare for the USSR species of gamasid mites. Parazitologiya, 8 (1), 15 - 21. [in Russian, https: // www. zin. ru / journals / parazitologiya / content / 1974 / prz _ 1974 _ 1 _ 3 _ Senotrusova. pdf]","Senotrusova, V. N. (1987) Gamasid Mites-Parasites of Wild Animals in Kazakhstan. Nauka, Alma-Ata, 224 pp. [in Russian]","Tenorio, J. M. (1984) Catalog of the world Echinonyssus (= Hirstionyssus) (Acari: Laelapidae). International Journal of Entomology, 26, 260 - 281.","Zemskaya, A. A., Neronov, V. M. & Farhang-Azad, A. (1981) New data on gamasid mites (Parasitiformes, Gamasoidea) of small mammals from Iran. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 60, 6, 848 - 853. [in Russian]","Huang, C. A. (1990) Notes on the genus Hirstionyssus in Shaanxi Province, China (Acari: Hirstionyssidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 15, 305 - 312.","Gromov, I. M. & Erbayeva, M. A. (1995) Lagomorphs and rodents (The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories). Opredeliteli po faune Rossii, izdavayemyye Zoologicheskim Institutom RAN, 167, 1 - 522. [in Russian]"]}

Joharchi, Omid, Ramroodi, Sara, Halliday, Bruce (2020): Review of the genus Pogonolaelaps Nemati & Gwiazdowicz (Acari: Laelapidae) with description of a new species from Iran. Zootaxa 4820 (3): 465-484, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.3

Genus Laelaspisella Marais & Loots, 1969 Laelaspisella Marais & Loots, 1969: 1. Type species. Laelaspisella epigynialis Marais & Loots, 1969, by original designation. The genus Laelaspisella Marais & Loots, 1969 was described to accommodate two species found in soil in southern Africa. The diagnostic character states reported for the genus included: dorsal shield hypertrichous; dorsal shield setae short; pre-sternal shields present; metasternal setae absent; epigynal shield widened behind setae st5; setae Jv5 and Zv5 spatulate and pilose, and longer than the other opisthogastric setae; para-anal setae about half as long as post-anal seta; internal malae with conspicuous hair-like appendages; palp tarsal claw with a leaf-like hyaline structure; dorsal seta of chelicera absent; genu I with 12 setae (2 3/2 2/1 2), pd3 absent; and genu IV with 10 setae (2 2/1 3/1 1). Karg (1989a) considered Laelaspisella as a subgenus of Hypoaspis sensu lato, and added Hypoaspis (Laelaspisella) foramenis Karg, 1989a and Hypoaspis (Laelaspisella) cavitatis Karg, 1982 to the subgenus. Karg & Schorlemmer (2013) returned Laelaspisella to the genus level, with the same four included species. Their key to genera of Hypoaspidinae used three character states to identify the genus—(1) epistome smooth, either an arch or a central point; (2) dorsal shield with more than 140 setae; (3) transverse lines of hypostome with 10–30 teeth. This action involved a significant change in the concept of the genus, because the metasternal setae are present in both L. cavitatis and L. foramenis, and the dorsal cheliceral seta is present at least in L. cavitatis. We have not accepted this dramatically different concept of the genus. Instead we return to the original concept of the genus, with two included species Laelaspisella epigynialis Marais & Loots, 1969 and L. macrodorsalis Marais & Loots, 1969, as previously proposed by Nemati and Gwiazdowicz (2016)., Published as part of Joharchi, Omid, Ramroodi, Sara & Halliday, Bruce, 2020, Review of the genus Pogonolaelaps Nemati & Gwiazdowicz (Acari: Laelapidae) with description of a new species from Iran, pp. 465-484 in Zootaxa 4820 (3) on page 466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4398055, {"references":["Marais, J. F. & Loots, G. C. (1969) Laelaspisella, a new dermanyssid genus (Acari: Mesostigmata) from the Ethiopian Region. Wetenskaplike Bydraes van die P. U. vir C. H. O., Reeks B, Natuurwetenskappe, 4, 1 - 10.","Karg, W. (1989 a) Die Untergattung Laelaspisella Marais et Loots, 1969 der Raubmilbengattung Hypoaspis Canestrini, 1884. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 36, 107 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 4810360114","Karg, W. (1982) Zur Kenntnis der Raubmilbengattung Hypoaspis Canestrini 1884 (Acarina, Parasitiformes). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 58, 233 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 4830580204","Karg, W. & Schorlemmer, A. (2013) Origin of five unique mite-genera in geological periods compared to other group of Gamasina (Acarina, Parasitiformes) and description of two new species of Rykellus Lee and Oloopticus Karg. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 89, 193 - 207. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 201300006","Nemati, A. & Gwiazdowicz, D. J. (2016) A new genus and species of Laelapidae from Iran with notes on Gymnolaelaps Berlese and Laelaspisella Marais & Loots (Acari, Mesostigmata). ZooKeys, 549, 23 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 549.6891"]}

Background: Papular urticaria is a prevalent disturbing condition manifested by chronic or recurring papules caused by a hypersensitivity response to the bites of mosquitoes, bedbugs, fleas, and other insects. D. gallinae was previously indicated as an etiological agent for papular urticaria and chronic itching by several researchers worldwide.Objective: To throw light on D. gallinae as a cause of papular urticaria in Upper Egypt discussing associating risk factors.Material and Methods: The present study evaluated patients attending the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, Sohag University Hospitals, Egypt, and who were diagnosed as papular urticaria. Some patients with recurrent papular lesions gave history of exposure to domestic poultry or birds’ nests and insect bites. They were selected from 97 patients who complained of itching. They were advised to bring any insects suspected of biting them or that come in contact with their skin, which were then referred to the Parasitology Unit for identification by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: The examined arthropods were identified as D. gallinae in thirty cases and human fleas in two cases. LM and SEM showed the remarkable identifying features of D. gallinae female. Contact with sources of infection (insects) either birds' nests or chicken husbandry was proved to be a risk factor for recurrent papular urticaria. Contact of the same family members to the same source of infection caused prevalence of arthropods borne recurrent papular urticaria among family members. Gender and residence were not associated risk factors.Conclusion: This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first repot of D. gallinae infestation in Egypt. Pruritic dermatitis caused by D. gallinae (associated with papules and vesicles) may sometimes be mistaken for scabies. Therefore, meticulous history recording, and environmental inspection are necessary to discover the etiology of recurrent papular urticaria.

Dermanyssus gallinae De Geer (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae), also known as poultry red mite, causes serious economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, a mixture of substances derived from food and food additives (SFF), including a polysaccharide extract from laver seaweed, Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiaceae), was examined for acaricidal effects. Treatment with SFF was more effective in killing mites by blocking their respiratory organs than SFF without the polysaccharide extract. In a field trial, treatment with SFF reduced the density of mites in a poultry farm as well as the proportion of blood-stained eggs. This SFF appears useful for controlling the population of D. gallinae in the poultry farms.

Dermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae, De Geer, 1778) is an ectoparasite of poultry, suspected to play a role as a vector of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Gallinarum. Despite an association between them being reported, the actual dynamics in field remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to confirm the interactions among mites, pathogen and chickens. The study was carried out in an industrial poultry farm infested by D. gallinae, during an outbreak of fowl typhoid. The presence of S. Gallinarum in mites was assessed and quantified by a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR, respectively, in mites collected during two subsequent productive cycles and the sanitary break. The anti-group D Salmonella antibodies were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During the outbreak and the sanitary break, S. Gallinarum was constantly present in mites. In the second cycle, scattered positivity was observed, although hens did not exhibit signs of fowl typhoid, as a result of the vaccination with BIO-VAC SGP695 (Fatro, Ozzano Emilia Bo, Italy). The data strongly suggest that D. gallinae acts as reservoir of S. Gallinarum, thus allowing the pathogen to persist in farms. Furthermore, the present study has highlighted the interactions among D. gallinae, S. Gallinarum and hens with respect to enhancing the mite-mediated circulation of S. Gallinarum in an infested poultry farm.

The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is one of the most economically deleterious ectoparasites affecting egg-laying hens in many parts of the world. New approaches to control D. gallinae often require the maintenance of colonies of D. gallinae under laboratory conditions. In the present study, we present an efficient rearing system for D. gallinae, consisting of a metal cage, a plastic storage box and a tray filled with water. Chicks were raised in the cage as host animals. A novel trap was developed to monitor the dynamic changes of mite populations, made with a plastic centrifuge tube and a disposable breathing mask with folds. Mite parameters were analyzed, including number of mites and eggs, survival and feeding rates, oviposition, hatchability and the proportion of D. gallinae at different life stages. The results show that the rearing system had a 53.5-fold increase in the number of mites over a period of six weeks after the introduction of mites. The survival rates of mites were above 94%, and the mean feeding rates ranged from 22.57% to 37.30%. The mean number of eggs per female ranged from 3.42 to 3.50, with the hatchability of eggs above 97%. Nymphs made up most of the population, ranging from 71.46% to 81.37%, while the population of larvae was minor and ranging from 7.54% to 13.04%. The mask trap used in this study was an effective and convenient device to shelter D. gallinae and monitor the dynamic changes of the mite population. The rearing system proved very effective in maintaining and reproducing colonies of D. gallinae, with great potential for the evaluation of the efficacy of vaccines or compounds against D. gallinae under laboratory conditions. It would be a useful tool for close observations in studies on the biology, acology and physiology of poultry red mites.

Dermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae) is the most harmful ectoparasite of laying hens, represents an occupational hazard for poultry workers, and a growing threat to medical science per se. There is increasing demand for alternative products, including plant-derived acaricides, with which to control the mite. The present study investigated the efficacy of neem oil against D. gallinae on a heavily infested commercial laying hen farm. A novel formulation of 20% neem oil, diluted from a 2400-p.p.m. azadirachtin-concentrated stock (RP03™), was administered by nebulization three times in 1 week. Using corrugated cardboard traps, mite density was monitored before, during and after treatment and results were statistically analysed. Mite populations in the treated block showed 94.65%, 99.64% and 99.80% reductions after the first, second and third product administrations, respectively. The rate of reduction of the mite population was significantly higher in the treated block (P < 0.001) compared with the control and buffer blocks. The results suggest the strong bioactivity of neem, and specifically of the patented neem-based formulation RP03™, against D. gallinae. The treatment was most effective in the 10 days following the first application and its effects persisted for over 2 months. Further studies will aim to overcome observed side effects of treatment represented by an oily layer on equipment and eggs.

The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is an ectoparasite of great importance related to poultry farms worldwide. Problems associated with its control have led to the search for alternative treatments, especially using inert dust, which has recently been introduced into liquid formulations. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of a liquid diatomaceous earth (DE) preparation in the laboratory and its association with mechanical cleaning (brushing) in the field. In the laboratory it was first determined that a concentration of 10% DE would be necessary for field applications. The field experiment was conducted in a commercial poultry house. The 10% DE liquid preparation was administered in three applications and associated to mechanical cleaning. Then, 42 days after the first DE application, a population reduction of 94.7% was observed in relation to the initial population of mites. These results confirm the efficiency of DE applications in association with mechanical cleaning already adopted in poultry houses as an alternative for the control of D. gallinae, which can also contribute to avoiding mite resistance to chemical acaricides.

Blood-feeding ectoparasites constitute a growing burden for human and animal health, and animal production worldwide. In particular, mites (Acari: Gamasida) of the genera Dermanyssus (Dermanyssidae) and Ornithonyssus (Macronyssidae) infest birds and cause gamasoidosis in humans. The tropical fowl mite, Ornithonyssus bursa, is commonly found in tropical and subtropical countries but rarely reported in Europe. In this research we characterized the first two cases in Spain of clinical gamasoidosis diagnosed in patients infested with O. bursa, and investigated the IgE, IgM and IgG antibody response to mite proteins and the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) involved in the tick-bite associated alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS). The results suggested that O. bursa is establishing across Mediterranean countries, and may increase the risk for gamasoidosis. The immune antibody response to mite proteins was higher for IgM and similar for IgE and IgG antibodies between patients and non-allergic control individuals exposed to mite or tick bites. The anti-α-Gal antibody levels were similar between patients and controls, a result supported by the absence of this carbohydrate in mites. These results suggested that mite bites do not correlate with antibody response to acarine proteins or α-Gal, and are not associated with the AGS., This research was supported by the Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deportes, JCCM, Spain, project CCM17-PIC-036 (SBPLY/17/180501/000185). JFLB was supported by Doctorado Industrial from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (contract DI-14-06917) and Sabiotec S.A., Spain. MV was funded by the Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Spain.

Dermanyssus gallinae is one of the most important ectoparasite of laying hens. The intensive use of chemicals has led to the selection of resistant mite populations. The difficulty in controlling the mites has promoted the search for alternative products. Thereby, the aim of this study was to assess in laboratory the acaricidal activity of inert mineral powders against D. gallinae , in dust and water suspensions (5 and 10%) treatments. The products were tested against eggs, nymphs and adults of the mite. There were differences in the activity of tested products. Some products based on diatomaceous earth, kaolin and talc, applied in powder form on adults of the mite were more efficient and selected for subsequent tests. In liquid suspension bioassay it was observed no ovicidal activity of any of the tested products. However, the products were efficient on the nymphs with no difference between both products and concentrations. The activity of diatomaceous earth and kaolin 2120 in 5 and 10% water suspension on adults was significatively higher than other treatments against adults. There was no difference between the treatments in residual activity. The morphological characterization and identification of diatom frustules present in the product PosturaSec ® indicated prevalence of the genus Brachysira Kutzing, density of 5.7 x 10 7 valves/g, 200 μm size particles and 86.2% of silicon.

The acaricidal activity of 30 essential oils against the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, female adults and behavioral responses of the mites to these essential oils were investigated. Cinnamon bark oil and clove bud oil showed 100% acaricidal activity after 24 h in the 1.3 μg/m2 treatment. In addition, four components in cinnamon bark oil and three components in clove bud oil were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cinnamon bark oil showed the highest LD50 value among all of the components, and eugenol showed 0.97-fold higher relative toxicity (RT) than the other components of clove bud oil. The fumigant effects of both essential oils and their seven components were observed using a vapor phase toxicity bioassay. All the substances showed repellent activity except for cinnamyl acetate, which did not show any repellent response even in the > 10 μg treatment. In the experiment using the T-tube olfactometer with the 10 μg treatment of each substance, D. gallinae female adults responded to all the substances except cinnamyl acetate. However, eugenol and eugenol acetate showed an attractant effect after 240 and 120 min of treatment, respectively. These results suggest that the two studied essential oils and their components may be used as control agents against D. gallinae.

Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) is a major problem for the poultry industry worldwide, as it negatively affects virtually all kinds of rearing systems. Therefore, the control of infestation has become a routine process, and its economic cost is constantly increasing. Until now, most of the control strategies have relied on the use of synthetic chemical drugs, but their efficacy is often questioned by the emergence and diffusion of resistant mite populations. With this in mind, the efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin, amitraz, and phoxim has been verified by testing them against 86 mite populations collected from the same number of poultry farms in Italy from 2008 to 2015. Assays were performed according to the filter paper method using the recommended, half, quarter, double and quadruple doses. The results showed that phoxim and amitraz were the most effective acaricides (median efficacies 80.35% and 80.83%, respectively), but amitraz exhibited a sharp fall in its efficacy during 2011 and 2012, while phoxim maintained its high effectiveness up to 2015, when it dropped. The overall median efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin was 58.33%. The data also highlighted the importance of the use of the right concentration, as an increase in dosage was not always useful against resistant populations, while its reduction also diminished efficacy, simultaneously increasing the risk for the development of resistance.

Essential oils (EOs) and entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Bb) strains have the potential to be used as alternative insecticides and acaricides for controlling ectoparasites as Dermanyssus gallinae. These compounds have some limitations in their use: the acaricidal effect of EOs is rapid, but short-lived, whilst that of Bb is delayed, but long-lived. To evaluate the effect of both compounds combined against D. gallinae, the non-toxic dose of Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils were firstly calculated for "native" strains of Bb. Subsequently, the effects of the combination of selected EOs with Bb against nymph and adult poultry red mites (PRMs) was assessed. EO concentrations ranging from 0.0015 to 8% v/v (i.e., nine double dilutions) were used to evaluate their effect on germination, sporulation and vegetative growth rates of native strains of Bb. A total of 1440 mites (720 nymphs and 720 adults) were divided into three-treated group (TGs) and one control group (CG). In TGs, mites were exposed to Bb in combination with the selected EO (TG1), EO alone (TG2) or Bb (TG3) alone. In the CG, mites were exposed to 0.1% tween 80 plus EO solvent (CG). E. globulus and E. citriodora were toxic for Bb in concentrations higher than 0.2% and 0.003% respectively, whilst E. caryophyllata and T. vulgaris were toxic at all concentrations tested against Bb. Based on the results of the toxicity assays against Bb, E. globulus was chosen to be tested as acaricide resulting non-toxic for Bb at concentration lower than 0.4%. Increased mortality of D. gallinae adults was recorded in TG1 than those in other TGs from 4days post-infection (T+4DPI). A 100% mortality of D. gallinae was recorded in adults at T+9DPI and at T+10DPI in nymphs in TG1 and later than T+11DPI in the other TGs. Used in combination with E. globulus, Bb displayed an earlier acaricidal effect towards both haematophagous D. gallinae stages. The combination of B. bassiana and E. globulus at 0.2% might be used for controlling arthropods of medical and veterinary importance as D. gallinae.

Poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae is a cosmopolitan and hematophagous species commonly found in layer houses around the world. Poultry mite infestations may cause anemia, stress, low body weight and egg production, and mortality. Mite control is typically based on chemical products, but they are not effective and leave residues in eggs; therefore, alternative control methods, such as entomopathogenic fungi, need to researched. This study aimed at evaluating, in the laboratory, the activity of Brazilian isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against D. gallinae. The mites were collected from a commercial layer house and were sprayed with conidial suspensions (1 × 108 conidia/mL) of five isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. All tested isolates were pathogenic for the red mite, with confirmed mortality ranging from 22.9 to 52.4%. This demonstrate the potential of the tested entomopathogenic fungi isolates for mite control, and reinforces the need for further studies with other isolates, application strategies, and with fungal formulations.