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Abstract Background and Objective: Multiple drug resistance has increased in recent years in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. The Integrons are mobile genetic elements that carry antibiotics resistance genes. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility and the prevalence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens. Material and Methods: A total of 108 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected between April and December 2011 from different clinical specimens of Loghman hospital in Tehran and identified by biochemical tests. Susceptibility of isolates to 14 antibiotic disks was determined by disk diffusion method. The template DNA was extracted by freeze-thaw method and the presence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons was investigated by PCR method. Level of resistance to antibiotics in integron-positive and integron-negative isolates was determined. Results: The highest level of resistance was seen for cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (55.5%). In 79 isolates (73.14%) class 1 integron and in 57 of 79 isolates (72.15%) resistance to at least two classes of drugs were seen. The class 2 and 3 integrons were not detected. Among integron-negative isolates, 8 isolates (27.58%) had resistance to at least one antibiotic. Conclusion: The prevalence of class 1 integron in resistant K. pneumoniae is high therefore, the monitoring of drug resistance and limiting the use of antibiotics are necessary. Keywords: Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Integron, Multi-Drug Resistance

In this study, the effects of impact angle and impactor geometry were investigated on the impact behavior of aluminum honeycombs experimentally and numerically. The high-velocity impact tests were carried out using a gas-gun test machine with flat, spherical and conical-head impactors and impact angles of 0°, 15° and 30° at different incident velocities ranging from 55.8 to 150.5 m/s. The numerical models were developed in LS-Dyna finite element code and well validated against the experimental results. The results showed that the impact behavior of honeycombs is considerably dependent on the impactor head geometry and the impact angle. The honeycomb panel impacted by the conical projectile experienced the highest absorbed energy and ballistic limit velocity. Moreover, it was found out that increasing the impact angle increased the absorbed energy and ballistic limit velocity of honeycombs. Furthermore, different impactor head geometries resulted in different failure mechanisms in the course of impact loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: S. Mehdizadeh, R. Faghihi, S. Sina, M. Zehtabian, S. Derakhshan The general purpose Monte Carlo N-Particle Radiation Transport Computer Code (MCNP4C) was used to calculate the equivalent dose to the person or people accompanying patients who have been exposed to radiation that was scattered from the patient. To do the calculations, two homogeneous water phantoms were used to simulate the patient and the accompanying person. Finally, in the case of source specification, only the focus of the X-ray tube was modelled, i.e., as a standard MCNP point source that emits a cone of photon. The X-ray spectra to be used in the MCNP simulations were generated with spectrum generating software. These calculations were done for different patient sizes and radiological operations. Dose measurements were made using standard methods that employ LiF TLD-100 dosimeters. A Thermoluminescent Dosimetry (TLD) card was placed on the main trunk of the body of the accompanying person(s), where the maximum dose was probable. In the case of TLD, for a group of 100 examinations, the dose equivalents ranged from 0.01 μSv to 0.13 mSv, with an average of 0.05 mSv. These results are seen to be in close agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. The results suggest that under the correct technical conditions, the radiation doses that are received by the accompanying person or people in radiodiagnostic examinations can be limited to acceptable values and can certainly be under the limits of a permissible dose to the public (1 mSv per year). However, if exposure is frequently repeated, it is probable that the limits that were mentioned above will be exceeded.

The Present article aims to design a piezoelectric micropump using a combinational form of microvalves with sufficient diodicity in low-pressure gradients. The goal is to enhance the capability of piezoelectric micropumps with Tesla-type valves in order to deliver insulin. Tesla-type valves are in the category of passive valves which have sufficient diodicity in case of high-pressure gradients. However, low mass flow rates are often required in drug delivery devices. In this paper, the performance of MT135 Tesla-type valve in low pressure-gradient flows has been investigated and a range of reunion angles, which have not been studied before has been examined by numerical solutions. Inspired by nozzle-diffuser valve types, some changes in the bypass path of the microvalve have been exerted to boost the diodicity of the valve in low-pressure conditions that resulted in 9.97% increase of diodicity. At last but not least, the velocity gradients in single-phase flow of water has been attained and performance of micropump toward other kinds of flows has been investigated by a volume of fluid (VOF) model including water as the primary phase and air as the secondary one. To complete the analysis, a VOF model consisting of an arbitrary kind of Casson fluid with the primary phase of water was reached and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the original dental air turbine handpieces were disassembled and their parts were modeled using reverse engineering. Then, simulation of dental cartridge was performed and the effect of different parameters was investigated. In dental air turbines, the flow channel and blade shape have major influence on the torque, rotating speed, and power performance. This research is focused on the turbine impeller and flow channel diameter. For this aim, three types of dental cartridges with different blades, nozzle diameter and the gap size between air turbine and casing were analyzed. The effect of air inlet pressure on torque, total force, air density and temperature distribution were investigated using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation and related graphs were extracted. The results showed the turbine impeller designs including impeller diameter and blade shape can have major impacts on the torque and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Multiple drug resistance has increased in recent years in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. The Integrons are mobile genetic elements that carry antibiotics resistance genes. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility and the prevalence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens. Material and Methods: A total of 108 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected between April and December 2011 from different clinical specimens of Loghman hospital in Tehran and identified by biochemical tests. Susceptibility of isolates to 14 antibiotic disks was determined by disk diffusion method. The template DNA was extracted by freeze-thaw method and the presence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons was investigated by PCR method. Level of resistance to antibiotics in integron-positive and integron-negative isolates was determined. Results: The highest level of resistance was seen for cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (55.5%). In 79 isolates (73.14%) class 1 integron and in 57 of 79 isolates (72.15%) resistance to at least two classes of drugs were seen. The class 2 and 3 integrons were not detected. Among integron-negative isolates, 8 isolates (27.58%) had resistance to at least one antibiotic. Conclusion: The prevalence of class 1 integron in resistant K. pneumoniae is high; therefore, the monitoring of drug resistance and limiting the use of antibiotics are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The structures of the Ti3SbH x (D x ) and Ti2SbH0.5(D0.5) hydrides and the vibrational spectra of H(D) atoms in these compounds have been studied by neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering (INS). The analysis of the neutron diffraction data for Ti3SbD2.6 shows that D atoms occupy the tetrahedral interstitial 6d (Ti4) and 24k (Ti3Sb) sites of the A15-type host-metal lattice (space group ). H(D) atoms in Ti2SbH0.5 and Ti2SbD0.5 are found to occupy the octahedral interstitial 2b (Ti6) sites of the tetragonal host lattice (space group I4/mmm). The INS spectra for Ti3SbH x (x =0.78 and 2.5) in the energy transfer range 50–200meV are dominated by two peaks centered at 138meV and 171meV; these peaks can be attributed to vibrations of H atoms at 6d sites. The INS spectra for Ti2SbH0.5 and Ti2SbD0.5 are consistent with strongly anisotropic vibrations of H(D) atoms in the octahedral 2b sites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progresses over time and is identified by the development of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits in the brain. Mounting evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are significantly involved in AD progression, and may be used as promising biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Nevertheless, the existing body of data regarding dysregulated circulating miRNAs in AD and their therapeutic applications are characterized by a lack of consistency. A comprehensive search was performed across various databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and ProQuest), starting from its inception and ending in January 2023. The criteria for inclusion consisted of original research studies written in English, which utilized Real-Time PCR to analyze miRNA expression in the blood, serum, or plasma of AD patients and healthy controls. The extracted data included the miRNA(s) investigated, dysregulation status, study type, human sample(s), and major findings. The search produced 608 records, which after careful examination, resulted in 48 suitable articles for data extraction. The research revealed a wide range of sample types used, with whole blood (39.59%) and serum (27.09%, including serum-exosome at 4.17%) emerging as the most prominent. The compiled dataset featured 4001 AD patients and 3886 healthy controls, revealing intricate regulatory patterns among 83 up-regulated (35.78%), 66 down-regulated (28.44%), and 83 not significantly altered (35.78%) miRNAs. Our results demonstrated that specific circulating miRNAs are consistently dysregulated in AD and could serve as non-intrusive biomarkers for the identification, prognosis, and prediction of cognitive decline. Further large-scale prospective studies are required to validate their clinical applications., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: Kindly note that this study is a systematic review, which, by its nature, does not involve direct interaction with human subjects, animals, or the collection of primary data. Therefore, ethical approval was not pursued for this review. The research methodology adheres to ethical considerations, as it focuses on a comprehensive synthesis and analysis of previously published and publicly available information. This approach ensures alignment with ethical standards and guidelines, while providing valuable insights into the existing body of knowledge on the subject. Your understanding and consideration regarding this matter are sincerely appreciated. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The human gastrointestinal tract contains trillions of microbes that affect the body. Dysbiosis in the composition of gut microbiota is one of the leading causes of chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a global public health challenge and millions of people in the world are suffering from this disease. It is a recurring inflammatory disease that affects different parts of the human digestive system. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two main types of IBD with similar clinical symptoms. The increasing incidence and severity of IBD require new treatment methods. The composition of the gut microbiota can be modified using dietary supplements such as prebiotics and bacterial supplements called probiotics. Furthermore, the effects of the microbiome can be improved by using paraprobiotics (non-viable, inactivated bacteria or their components) and/or postbiotics (products of bacterial metabolism)., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), in conjunction with PD-1 and CD28, plays a pivotal role in the modulation of T-cell activation. Specifically, CTLA-4 exerts its influence by impeding the generation of IL-2 and the proliferation of T cells. CTLA-4, being a receptor with a high affinity, engages in competitive binding with CD28 for the interaction with primary T-cell activator molecules, specifically CD80 and CD86. The appropriate functioning of T-cell activation is contingent upon maintaining a precise equilibrium between CTLA-4 and CD28. Consequently, any disruption in the expression of CTLA-4 significantly enhances the risk for a range of severe ailments, such as cancer, infectious diseases, allergies, and notably autoimmune diseases. The significance of epigenetic regulation of CTLA-4, particularly through non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), has considerable weight within this particular framework. To date, there have been associations shown between various abnormalities in the expression of ncRNAs that regulate CTLA-4 and clinicopathological characteristics. Nevertheless, it is evident that there is a lack of a comprehensive investigation. Hence, the present work was undertaken to summarize the existing research on the epigenetic control of CTLA-4, with a primary emphasis on elucidating the regulatory procedures, biological processes, and clinical applications in human diseases. The objective of this review is to acquire a thorough comprehension of the relationship between RNA/lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA (CTLA-4) and its role in the progression of diverse human disorders., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: Not applicable., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Considering the high incidence of breast cancer, a sensitive and specific approach is crucial for its early diagnosis and follow-up treatment. Folate receptors (FR), which are highly expressed on the epithelial tissue such as breast cancer cells (e.g., MCF-7), have been used in cancer diagnosis and bioimaging. This study presents an innovative colorimetric and fluorescence bioimaging platform towards MCF-7 using folic acid (FA)-conjugated iron-oxide magnetite silica-based nanocomposite (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES-NH 2 )@cysteine (Cyt)-Cyt@FA). For identification of MCF-7, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-capped-platinum (Pt) nanoparticle was utilized as a nanozyme to catalyze the reaction between 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H 2 O 2 for visual detection of MCF-7 cells. Colorimetric changes are detectable by the naked eye and spectrophotometry at the wavelength of 450 nm, with a linear range of 50-5000 cells/mL and a detection limit of 30 cells/mL. The Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -APTES-NH 2 @Cyt-Cyt@FA complex was modified with rhodamine B as a fluorescence bioimaging probe to monitor FR-overexpressed MCF-7 cells. The nanocomposite is biocompatible with a toxicity threshold of about 800 µg/mL. These methodologies facilitate bioimaging and colorimetric assays without sophisticated instrumentation, offering high specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and stability, making them suitable as versatile methods for detecting and bioimaging cancer cells., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: All procedures have been implemented with the permission of the “National Institutes for Medical Research Development” (License number: IR.NIMAD.REC.1400.133). Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

Chondrosarcomas are a group of malignant neoplasms with cartilaginous matrix production mostly found in flat and peripheral long bones. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is one of the most unusual and rare histological variants of chondrosarcoma, with a distinct histopathological appearance and biologically aggressive behavior. The amount of cartilage in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma may be so abundant that it is easily found in random sections or so scarce that numerous sections are required to discover it. In such cases, it is tough to make an accurate diagnosis, which leads to a big dilemma for pathologists and surgeons regarding diagnosis and treatment. Here, we report a mandibular mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a 38-year-old male with a diagnosis of malignant small round cell tumor in incisional biopsy without any bone or chondroid formation. After ruling out lymphoma, a complete lesion excision was done. Diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma was confirmed with small foci of chondroid material and strong positivity of tumoral cells for CD99 and S100. We highlight the fact that incisional biopsy frequently fails to provide sufficient tissue to establish the diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Adequate tissue with multiple sections, detailed histopathological examination, and adjunctive IHC study are the keys to a definitive diagnosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Abbas Karimi et al.)

Although brain amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide buildup is the main cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mitochondrial abnormalities can also contribute to the illness's development, as either a primary or secondary factor, as programmed cell death and efficient energy generation depend on the proper operation of mitochondria. As a result, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may play a crucial role in ensuring that nuclear genes related to mitochondria and mitochondrial genes function normally. Interestingly, a significant number of recent studies have focused on the impact of ncRNAs on the expression of nucleus and mitochondrial genes. Additionally, researchers have proposed some intriguing therapeutic approaches to treat and reduce the severity of AD by adjusting the levels of these ncRNAs. The goal of this work was to consolidate the existing knowledge in this field of study by systematically investigating ncRNAs, with a particular emphasis on microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Therefore, the impact and processes by which ncRNAs govern mitochondrial activity in the onset and progression of AD are thoroughly reviewed in this article. Collectively, the effects of ncRNAs on physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with mitochondrial abnormalities that exacerbate AD are thoroughly reviewed in the current research, while also emphasizing the relationship between disturbed mitophagy in AD and ncRNAs., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects the peripheral nervous system, leading to a progressive loss of the ability to perceive pain, temperature, and touch. This condition can result in severe complications, including injuries and infections due to the inability to feel pain. HSAN is classified into nine types, with types I and VII exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance, while the others follow an autosomal recessive pattern. In this study, we examined three affected brothers of Turkish Azeri descent, aged 20, 23, and 25 years. They presented symptoms such as a lack of temperature and pain sensation, frequent wounds and infections, self-harm, and hyperkeratosis. To identify the genetic cause of their condition, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed, followed by Sanger sequencing to confirm the findings. The results revealed a homozygous likely pathogenic nonsense mutation, c.2971C > T (p.Arg991Ter), in exon 9 of the WNK1 gene. This mutation results in the truncation of three isoforms of the WNK1 protein, which are essential for pain perception. This discovery enhances our understanding of HSAN and highlights the importance of genetic testing for accurate diagnosis and future screening., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Vascularization is vital in bone tissue engineering, supporting development, remodeling, and regeneration. Lack of vascularity leads to cell death, necessitating vascularization strategies. Angiogenesis, forming new blood vessels, provides crucial nutrients and oxygen. Pre-vascularized gelatin-coated β-tricalcium phosphate (G/β-TCP) scaffolds show promise in bone regeneration and vascularization. Our study evaluates G/β-TCP scaffolds' osteogenic and angiogenic potential in vitro and a canine model with vascular anastomosis. Channel-shaped G/β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated using foam casting and sintering of a calcium phosphate/silica slurry-coated polyurethane foam, then coated with cross-linked gelatin. Buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (BFPdSCs) were seeded onto scaffolds and assessed over time for adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic capacity using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Alamar blue, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. Scaffolds were implanted in a canine model to evaluate osteogenesis and angiogenesis by histology and CT scans at 12 wk. Our studies showed preliminary results for G/β-TCP scaffolds supporting angiogenesis and bone regeneration. In vitro analyses demonstrated excellent proliferation/viability, with BFPdSCs adhering and increasing on the scaffolds. ALP activity and protein levels increased, indicating osteogenic differentiation. Examination of tissue samples revealed granulation tissue with a well-developed vascular network, indicating successful angiogenesis and osteogenesis was further confirmed by a CT scan. In vivo, histology revealed scaffold resorption. However, scaffold placement beneath muscle tissue-restricted bone regeneration. Further optimization is needed for bone regeneration applications., (© 2024. The Society for In Vitro Biology.)

We report on the analysis of oxygen vacancies (OVs) content and ordering of Sr 2- x Ca x Fe 2 O 6-δ perovskites and explain how OVs change the electrical conductivity and oxygen evolution catalytic activity of these compounds. The structure and OV content are tuned by controlling the A -site composition and the reaction atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are used to identify the crystal structures and to quantify bulk oxygen vacancy contents. Our analysis shows that OV content and crystal structure govern the electronic transport properties of the Sr 2- x Ca x Fe 2 O 6-δ system. The electrical conductivity of oxygen-deficient perovskites (ODPs) is significantly higher than those in brownmillerites (by at least 2 orders of magnitude). Seebeck coefficient measurements identified that the Sr-rich ODPs and brownmillerites are p -type semiconductors, while Ca-rich brownmillerites are either insulators (within the experimental temperature range) or p-type semiconductors at lower temperatures (<750 K). Electrical conductivity of p -type semiconductors (Sr-rich compounds) reduces with higher OV content, and in brownmillerites with x ≥ 1.25, a transition to n -type semiconductor is observed at temperatures above 750 K. Our analysis shows that the hole and electron concentrations are similar in these brownmillerites, indicating major contributions from ionic transport. Finally, we show how oxygen deficiency alters the electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of the Sr 2- x Ca x Fe 2 O 6-δ system in noncomplementary ways., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

In the regulation of gene expression, epigenetic factors like non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an equal role in genetics. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are members of the ncRNA family, in post-transcriptional gene regulation is well-documented and has important implications for both normal and abnormal biological processes, such as angiogenesis, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to synthesize previous research on miR-449a by analyzing published results from various databases, as there have been a number of investigations on miR-449's potential involvement in the development of human disorders. Based on our findings, miR-449 is strongly dysregulated in a wide range of diseases, from various cancers to cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairments, and respiratory diseases, and it may play a pivotal role in the development of these problems. In addition, miR-449a functions as a crucial regulator of the expression of several well-known genes, including E2F-3, BCL2, NOTCH1, and SOX4. This, in turn, modulates various pathways and processes related to cancer, including Notch, PI3K, and TGF-β, and contributes to the improvement of cancer drug sensitivity. Curiously, abnormalities in the expression of this miRNA may serve as diagnostic or prognostic indicators for distinguishing between healthy people and patients or to evaluate the survival rates for specific disorders. This article provides a synopsis of the current understanding of miR-449a's role in human disease development through its regulation of gene expression and the biological processes related to these genes and their linked processes. In addition, we have covered the topic of miR-449a's potential as a clinical feature (diagnosis and prognosis) indicator for a range of disorders, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic. In general, our goal was to gain a thorough comprehension of the numerous functions of miR-449a in different disorders., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Spontaneous preterm delivery is defined as the beginning of the birth process before the 37th week of pregnancy. The presence of microorganisms in the fetal membranes is accompanied by an increase in the production of prostaglandin, one of the important factors associated with the prevalence of preterm birth. The invasion of microorganisms leads to the production of protease, coagulase, and elastase, which directly stimulate the onset of childbirth. We investigated the role of genital infections in women with preterm birth., Methods: The present case-control study was conducted in the west of Iran on 100 women with spontaneous preterm delivery (following 24 weeks of gestation and before 36 weeks and 6 days) as the case group and 100 women with normal delivery as controls. A questionnaire was applied to collect the data. Polymerase chain reaction and pathological examination of the placenta were performed., Results: The average age in women with normal delivery (30.92 ± 5.10) in women with spontaneous preterm delivery (30.27 ± 4.93). The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis , Neisseria gonorrhea, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycoplasma genitalium infections was zero in both groups. The highest prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis was 19 (19%) in the case group and Ureaplasma parvum 15 (15%) in the control group. Also, Placental inflammation was zero in controls and 7(7%) in the patient group. There was a significant relationship between Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria and spontaneous preterm delivery., Conclusion: The results of our study showed that except for Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria, there is no significant relationship between the above bacterial infections and spontaneous preterm birth. Moreover, despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of many sexually transmitted infections in this research, it is still suggested to increase the awareness of people, including pregnant women, about the ways it can be transmitted by gynecologists and health and treatment centers., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Ahmadi, Khadem Erfan, Roshani, Derakhshan, Ramazanzadeh, Farhadifar, Mohsenpour, Shahgheibi, Zarei, Salimizand and Nikkhoo.)