Search

In this paper, a new optical technique, two movable slit plate modules and the subjective optometry method was developed to examine Interpupillary distance. The evaluation of binocular vision are dependent on the three-dimensional structure of natural scenes. The eye position and the fusion image of the eyes are fine-tuned and the alignment is assured by through the vision of subject with the trial frame and a movable slit plate module after full optometry correction procedure. This novel method is to success and replace of new optical lenses, the error of prismatic imbalance estimated has an accuracy of 0.12Δ. It also changes the refraction test from an objective method to a subjective method in order to meet the subject's most comfortable binocular visual fusion.

In this paper, the use of the rotary prism eye exercise device combined with dynamic modified eye charts to establish the children myopia control method by rotating prism speed with changing. In this program, clients typically range in age from 12 to 18 years of age. The eye exercise was performed on Saturday and Sunday of each week for three months. The visual acuity was measured by the use of an auto refraction device before and after two weeks of eye exercises. After three months, the improvement in visual acuity was average of 0.20D of both right and left eyes decreasing an indicating that eye exercises as vision training-based program could improve visual acuity for children with myopia.

This paper presents a novel technique to study the visual refractive error and break point testing method for vision patients using brainwave patterns. The aim of this study is to evaluate visual refractive error and break point as a minimally invasive method of measuring the attention and meditation levels and the refraction error of myopia vision. It could avoid impaired verbal communication when patients check refractive error. The patients with visual refraction error will change vision between blurred and clear when wearing corrective lens. A visual break point of greater than 7 cm is considered abnormal. The recovery point is expected to be within 10 cm. It is normal for the patient to report diplopia and appear meditation at the break point.

The objective of this study is to develop a measurement system for blue light blocking lens. The main features of the system are using a light pulse modulator and filtering circuit technology to prevent ambient light interference, no any expensive optical filters are needed. Our system is composed of a transmitter circuit, a receiver circuit and a signal processing circuit. The transceiver driving circuit including the modulated LED of 10 kHz and measured the light signals from unwanted noise and unmodulated all light by a photodiode, and then converted by the transimpedance amplifer. The transmitter circuit uses Darlington drive circuit to optimize the LED operating current. The percentage error of the transmittance data is nearly 6%, compared with that of the OCEAN USB 2000 spectrometer's, so proved that this device is feasibility. This experiment has also shown that the chromaticity coordinates will be changed when using blue light lens. Based on the experiment, the brightness of the blue light blocking lenses cannot be too low which will cause color deviation problems. From the analysis result in table 4, the color deviation is nearly 17% at green blocking blue light lenses and 21% at yellow blocking blue light lenses on y coordinates. Therefore, these two blocking blue light lenses are not suitable for use as blue light blocking lenses. The color deviation of coated blue film and brown 20% blocking blue light lens have nearly 3% on x-y coordinates. But, those of 8% in 30% brown and 17% in green lenses are also not suitable for blue light blocking lens using. Thus the most suitable for blue light blocking lenses using is 20% brown blocking lens. In the future, this proposed device may be used as a powerful measurement tool on the eyeglasses test line.

Muscle vibration measurement has long been an unique scientific study, in general, and the direct reaction of animals to feel pain (algesia), either from vascular or muscle contraction, is a complex perceptual experience. Thus this paper proposes a way to measure animal algesia quantitatively, by measuring the changes in muscle vibration due to a pinprick on the surface of the skin of a Spodoptera litura larva. Using the laser optical triangulation measurement principle, along with a CMOS image sensor, linear laser, software analysis, and other tools, we quantify the subtle object point displacement, with a precision of up to $10{\mu}m$ , for our chosen Spodoptera litura larva animal model, in which it is not easy to identify the tiny changes in muscle contraction dynamics with the naked eye. We inject different concentrations of formalin reagent (empty needle, 12% formalin, and 37% formalin) to obtain a variety of different muscle vibration frequencies as the experimental results. Because of the high concentrations of reagent applied, we see a high frequency shift of muscle vibration, which can be presented as pain indices, so that the algesia can be quantified.

This study proposes an accurate method for reconstructing the corneal surface profile. By applying a constant velocity to the projection grating along the grating plane, a series of sampling points of the sinusoidal wave, which behaves in the manner of heterodyne interferometric signals, can be recorded using a CMOS camera. The phase distribution of the moire fringes can then be obtained using the IEEE 1241 least-square sine fitting algorithm and two-dimensional (2D) phase unwrapping. Finally, the corneal surface profile can be reconstructed by substituting the phase distribution into a specially derived equation. To validate the proposed method, the corneal surface of a pig eyeball was measured. The measurement resolution was approximately 3.5 μm. Because of the introduction of the Talbot effect, the projection moire method, and heterodyne interferometry, this approach provides the advantages of a simple optical setup, ease of operation, high stability, and high resolution.

This study utilized the laser triangular method, a position sensing detector, and digital signal processing technology in the measurement of a training system for emergency escape from aircraft. The tracking system for the ejection seat position consists of a fixed part, a moving part, a reflecting real time sensing subsystem and a diffusing real time sensing subsystem to satisfy long distant (>10 m) and short time period (

An optical design with a pyramid prism array is employed to simultaneously capture four images. The apex angle design of an upper and lower prism array is to form the upper and the lower images of the object. The design of the left and right prism array is to develop the left and right images. In the prism array, the unwanted image can be eliminated by blacken process in the plane gap between each prism. The optical design was based on the pyramid prism array and a single-lens to make the system light, portable and low-cost.

In this paper, a new optical technique involving the five parallel laser beams alignment device and moire method was developed to rapidly and accurately align the optical axis of three-aspherical mirrors system (TAMS). In this method, the optical axis of a first aspherical mirror is made parallel to the “five incident parallel laser beams” in the plane of incidence. The height and orientation of the first aspherical mirror are fine tuned and the alignment is assured by examining the direction of these five reflected laser beams. The optical axes of second and third aspherical mirror are aligned by five parallel laser beams in accordance with the configuration parameter of optical system in sequence. The effective focal length (EFL) of the TAMS was measured by moire method and image formula. This novel method is used to align the optical axis of TAMS and the EFL deviation estimated has an accuracy of 1%.

In this study, a thermal imaging system is presented for the identification and filtering of fertilized eggs. The system can detect the temperature of the target from the infrared image. The Sobel operator was employed to seek the outline of the eggs. Fuzzy theory is used to obtain the best threshold value for damaged eggs with the use of the grayscale co-occurrence matrix. Then the system can make a judgment as to whether each egg is good or bad. The accuracy of the system can reach even people without experience can use this system to identify bad eggs. With the use of machine vision in the testing process instead of personal judgments, time-saving can be achieved, and the quality can also be improved in the chicken farm operation.

This paper discusses the relevance of the non-contact intraocular pressure (non-contact tonometer, NCT) and the diopter value measurements of refractive errors. Methods for the measurement of both eyes IOP of 192 patients, and binocular eye refraction as well, then the measured data were statistically analyzed. Research on age, gender, which eye, refractive power and refractive status (i.e. myopia, face, and hyperopia) affects the values of non-contact tonometer measurements. The results of refractive measurements were as follows: myopia, emmetropia and hyperopia accounted as 47.92, 15.62 and 36.46 % respectively. IOP measurement of all ages: age of 10 years old group (17.74 ± 3.34) mmHg, 10–20 years old group (17.85 ± 3.34) mmHg. According to gender, the male gender (17.94 ± 3.12) mmHg, and female (17.92 ± 3.23) mmHg. Group of the different eye, right eyes IOP was (18.05 ± 3.12) mmHg, left eyes IOP was (17.88 ± 3.17) mmHg. According to refractive errors: myopia group IOP was (17.83 ± 2.95) mmHg, hyperopia group IOP was (18.12 ± 2.94) mmHg, and emmetropia group IOP was (17.81 ± 3.16) mmHg. The results are: As we age, non-contact tonometry values tended to increase; gender has no effect on IOP measurement; detecting IOP found the value of the right eyes higher than the left eye; the refractive errors of (hyperopia, myopia and emmetropia); The values of IOP of myopia and hyperopia are higher than the emmetropia eyes.

In this paper, the two wavelength laser color alignment device, the additive color mixing method and the CCD camera is used to rapidly and accurately align the optical axis of a two-mirror telescope (TMT). In this method the optical axis of a TMT is made parallel to the “five incident parallel laser beams” in the plane of incidence, by checking direction of these five reflected laser beams and changing the height and orientation of the Two-mirror telescope. The two wavelength laser color alignment device emit five laser beams at two different visible wavelengths, including blue lasers with 405 nm at horizontal axis and the other red lasers with 645 nm at vertical axis. The combined dot will become magenta once parallel laser beams focus on focus point of two-mirror telescope and their beams overlap. The blue laser beam and red laser beam are added to the magenta light by the additive color mixing. The additive color mixing method uses to find the best focus and get minimum spot diameter of the TMT. This fast aligning method for finding the optical axis of a two-mirror telescope can measure the effective focal length deviation to an accuracy of 0.9 %.

The optical alignment of two-wavelength optical microscope (TWOM) has been successfully developed using the portable alignment device, right-angle prism and the CCD camera. In this method the optical axis of two-wavelength optical microscope is made parallel to the “five incident parallel laser beams” in the plane of incidence, by checking direction of these five reflected laser beams and changing the height and orientation of the MWOM. Right angle prisms are generally used to achieve a 90° light path bend. This produces a left-handed image and depending on the orientation of the prism, the image may be inverted or reverted. The prism uses to examine the vertical angle of between input laser beam and output laser beam of a plurality of light source. This novel method can rapidly and accurately align the optical axis of MWOM.

This study proposed a novel positioning model, composing of a two-camera calibration system and an Alternate-Eight-Matrix (AEM) Look-Up-Table (LUT). Two video cameras were fixed on two sides of a large-size screen to solve the problem of field of view. The first to the fourth LUTs were used to compute the corresponding positions of specified regions on the screen captured by the camera on the right side. In these four LUTs, the coordinate mapping data of the target were stored in two matrixes, while the gray level threshold values of different positions were stored in other matrixes. Similarly, the fifth to the eighth LUTs were used to compute the corresponding positions of the specified regions on the screen captured by the camera on the left side. Experimental results showed that the proposed model can solve the problems of dead zones and non-uniform light fields, while achieving rapid and precise positioning results.

The purpose of this paper is to design a portable two linearly polarized beams absorption biometric system (PTLPBABS) that measures the amount of absorption of the visible collimated beam passing by the sample to know the absorbance of the sample. The measured object in the system is the gold colloid that the sample produces after a biochemical reaction. After measuring the absorbance of the gold colloid we can obtain the concentrations of the waiting-measured sample and further obtain the concentration of chemical solution contained in the sample. The two linearly polarized beams device can be used to enhance rejection of ambient light and causes PTLPBABS to have excellent data stability measured. The process of the double optical path method increases the opportunities that the visible collimated beam is absorbed, which raise the detection sensitivity of the system to a sensitivity of 0.1%.

In this paper we demonstrate a new technique in which we use the portable alignment device of an off-axis parabolic mirror optical axis adjustment and the CCD camera to rapidly and accurately align the optical axis of an off-axis parabolic (OAP) mirror. In this method the optical axis of an OAP mirror is made parallel to the “five incident parallel laser beams” in the plane of incidence, by checking direction of these five reflected laser beams and changing the height and orientation of the OAP mirror. The CCD camera uses to measure the best focus and minimum spot diameter of the OAP mirror. This fast aligning method for finding the optical axis of an OAP mirror can measure the deviation of Slant Focal Length (SLF) to an accuracy of 0.3 %.

Research highlights? We use fringe projection grating measurement system to measure small lens. ? Flexible compensation is carried out for the non-uniform image. ? The sub-pixel technology and polynomial regression method are used for higher resolution. ? The measurement accuracy ranges is from 1 to 2 micro-meter. This study proposed a light field flexible compensation system of fringe projection grating measurement, which uses the fringe projection method to calculate the height of a work piece to be measured. A video device first generates an image without gratings for projection and then projects this image. An imaging device then captures the image and sends it back to the image processing device, so as to form an image with projection information without gratings, as well as an image with gratings. Flexible compensation is carried out for this image in an innovative method. Thus, the images with or without gratings can be clearer. In this way, more accurate 3D contour measurement and reconstructive analytical calculation can be carried out for the work piece to be measured. In the experiments, five small lenses are used for system verification. Then, the 3D contour information is measured to reconstruct the lens profile. The value curvature and focal length of the lens were obtained. This system uses the sub-pixel and polynomial regression method to measure the height of objects throughout the experiments. The measurement accuracy ranges from 1 to 2µm. This method can also provide accurate measurement data for inspection within one second. Moreover, quality verification for the lens module is more convenient.

In this study, a novel positioning model of a double-CCD cameras calibration system, with an Alternate-Eight-Matrix (AEM) Look-Up-Table (LUT), was proposed. Two CCD cameras were fixed on both sides of a large scale screen to redeem Field Of View (FOV) problems. The first to the fourth AEMLUT were used to compute the corresponding positions of intermediate blocks on the screen captured by the right side camera. In these AEMLUT for the right side camera, the coordinate mapping data of the target in a specific space were stored in two matrixes, while the gray level threshold values of different position were stored in the others. Similarly, the fifth to the eighth AEMLUT were used to compute the corresponding positions of intermediate blocks on the screen captured by the left side camera. Experimental results showed that the problems of dead angles and non-uniform light fields were solved. In addition, rapid and precision positioning results can be obtained by the proposed method.

The purpose of this paper is to design a portable biometric system that can measure the amount of absorption of the visible collimated beam that passes by the sample to know the absorbance of the sample. The measured object in the system is the gold colloid that the sample produces after a biochemical reaction. After measuring the absorbance of the gold colloid, we can obtain the concentrations of the waiting-measured sample and further obtain the concentration of chemical solution contained in the sample. Normal single optical path system has a sensitivity of 0.5%.The process of the double optical path method increases the opportunities that the visible collimated beam is absorbed, which raise the detection sensitivity of the system to a sensitivity of 0.1%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 868–871, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23249

This paper studies the design of the novel optometrical examination of single pole brainwave system which measure visual brainwave signals of patients with expressive language disorder by single pole brainwave acquisition device, vision tester and software. The honeycomb pattern of Snellen test chart is an eye chart that can be used to measure the visual brainwave signals of the refractive error. This method used in myopic refractive correction is tested to 88% accuracy.

This paper presents a new method of measuring the back focal length of middle infrared (MIR) lens that uses MIR pulse collimated beam, focimeter and thermopile sensor. An MIR illuminated target is at the first focal point of a collimating lens and MIR signal detected largely through an IR test lens, collected lens and thermopile sensor. The IR test lens would be located between the collimating lens and collected lens. The MIR target is moved until MIR signal detects largely again. The target displacement is a measure of power of the lens by Newton's equation. The experiment results state that the measurement accuracy of the back focal length of MIR lens is up to 5% at 5∼25mm range EFL. The advantages of this testing system are low costs, fast measurement speed, high precision, less complicated system and replacements of light source and detector of different IR spectrum for measuring BFL of lens.

In this paper we demonstrate a new technique in which we use the portable alignment device of an off-axis parabolic mirror optical axis adjustment, the cyclic shearing interferometer and the CCD camera to rapidly and accurately align the optical axis of an off-axis parabolic (OAP) mirror. In this method the optical axis of an OAP mirror is made parallel to the “five incident parallel laser beams” in the plane of incidence, by checking direction of these five reflected laser beams and changing the height and orientation of the OAP mirror. The cyclic interferometer is referred to as the layout where two beams travel in same directions, encountering exactly the same components until they emerge to form interference pattern. The cyclic shearing interferometer uses to examine the parallel of five incident parallel laser beams. This fast aligning method for finding the optical axis of an OAP mirror can measure the Slant Focal Length deviation to an accuracy of 0.3 %.

In this paper, we demonstrate a new technology in which we use the near infrared (NIR) electro-optical device and projection method to measure the numerical aperture (NA) of NIR fiber. Using the optical coupler to let the NIR light enter into an optical fiber, the projection pattern is then measured at the distance of L, where the length L and the diameter W of the projection pattern area on screen is recorded. The NA of NIR fiber is computed from the recorded data. This is a fast method for testing NA and can measure the NA deviation to an accuracy of 0.01. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 582–584, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23161

This article demonstrates a new optical technique, which we apply to the collimating system to measure the parallel degree of CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor bumping. We research and develop the new adjustable auto-collimating system to simplify the testing of CMOS board alignment and to increase the image quality of the cell phone camera. This method is a non-contact method for testing and can detect the parallel degree deviation to an accuracy of 0.5°. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2283–2285, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22717

In this paper we demonstrate a new technique in which we use the Portable Brain Wave Refractometer (PBWR) to rapidly and accurately measure the error of refraction of eye. The aim of this study is to evaluate PBWR as a minimally invasive method of measuring the attention, meditation levels and the error of refraction of myoptic vision. Two psychologically-based tests were conducted to assess the suitability of the brain wave device to measure and categorize a user's level of attention and meditation. The two states of brain wave represent the normal or abnormal visions. The electroencephalography (EEG) lies in the mobile recording and real time feedback of emotional and cognitive states. This fast testing method for correcting the error of refraction of myopic vision can get the visual acuity (V.A.) to 0.8-1.2.

In this paper we demonstrate a new alignment device in which we use the five parallel laser beams each set to rapidly and accurately align their corresponding optical axis of porro prism binocular (PPB). At all interpupillary distances (IPD), this technique assures parallelized right and left optics axis of PPB. In this method the left and right optical axis of a PPB are made parallel to each central beam of two “five parallel laser beams alignment devices” in the plane of incidence. And above process is assured by examining the direction of these five transmitted laser beams that transmitted through PPB in the way that the height and orientation of the PPB are fine tuned. The parallelism of the left and right optical axis of the PPB was measured by laser rangefinder. This novel method is used to obtain the parallelism of left and right optical axis of PPB in a maximum tolerance of three arc minute.

In this paper, we propose a simple method for reconstructing the corneal surface profile by using the Talbot effect, projection moire method, and heterodyne interferometry. A linear grating is obliquely illuminated by an expanding collimated light, and a self-image of this grating can be generated and projected on the corneal surface. The deformed grating fringes are imaged on the second grating to form the moire fringes. If the first grating is moved with a constant velocity along the grating plane, a series of sampling points of the sinusoidal wave which behave like the heterodyne interferometric signal can be recorded by a CMOS camera. The phase distribution of the corneal surface then can be obtained with the IEEE 1241 least-square sine fitting algorithm and 2D phase unwrapping. Finally, the corneal surface profile can be reconstructed by substituting the phase distribution into special derived equation. This method provides the advantages of a simple optical setup, ease of operation, high stability, and high resolution.

This paper presents a quick monitor method to measure micro height variations directly. Here we apply optical moiré technology with a program designed by ourselves to Traditional Chinese Medical Pulse diagnosis. We analyze the moiré pattern which records the information of pulse, and then examine the conditions of pulse, the conditions of pulse including the location of pulse (by image processing the moiré pattern), the rhythm of pulse (via the frequency), the shape of pulse (via moiré pattern) and the strength of pulse (via amplitude intensity). Therefore, we can quantify the conditions of pulse by the system.

The education system for optical design and assembly can be done by integrating the optical design program with expert system and stock lens kit and test equipment through microcomputer and digit optical bench with Robot vision system. Student set up the lens set according to their ideal and calculation to build up the optical system in optical bench make the design more real. The student learning optical knowledge by two ways: the learning by doing (Rote learning) and learning by being told. The level of information refers to the degree of generality. After input the datam and question the program answers the student the conclusion about the goal the subgoal, shows how it reached the conclusion by pring out the rules. Student can keep asking explanations. The explantation help the student to get all the full understanding of the system’s reasoning process as well as to debug the error of the knowledge base.

In thi s paper , We desi gn a new doubi e-si ded lappi ng method which can accurately and efficiently lap extrmely hard sapphire plates. Weuse chemo-mechanical polishing method for final polishing to get scratch -free surface. 2. I?V7'RODUCTION Electro-Optics products sometimes reguires the quality ofsapphire plates to high order of accuracy of flatness, parallelismand scratch-free. This is difficult job to achieved it by coventionalmethods. The preparation of the laps and the lapping process isinconvenient and time consuming. Here we design a double-sided lappingsystem which been evolved for simultaneously lapping both sides of asapphire plate as well as an overall flatness of one-fourth ofa wavelenth and parallel to 1" of are within few hours, No excessiveforce being given to the carrier because of the four-way system.Therefore the machine permits use of a carrier as thin as 0.03 mmwhich is suited to lapping thin objects. 276/ SPIE Vol. 1531 Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing II (1991) O-8194-0659-7/92/$4.OO

A technique which automatically adjusts the optical axis of a CCD image sensor with the lens for a linear CCD image scanner is described. The error of the alignment is measured to the magnitude and pulse-width of the detected signal from the linear CCD image sensor, calculating the value of error by computer and driving the stepping motor to achieve the automatic adjustment.

Optical Test by Moire PatternRong—Seng Chang, Der—Chin Chen, Pair-Yuan LeeInstitute of Optical Sciences, National Central UniversityChung—Li, Taiwan 32054, R.O.C.ABSTRACTNow we use low cost, easy operated moire method which not give us quantity datmbut the measurement of the lens in real time.INTRODUCTIONWe use two: mask A and mask B. The mssk A is imaged and aberrated by the tested