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Author(s): Ji Young Choi [sup.1] , Yookyung Eoh [sup.2] , Ji Hyeon Kang [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/01easw929, grid.202119.9, 0000 0001 2364 8385, Department of Child Studies, Inha University, , [...], Studies show that mothers with depression are more likely to engage in unsupportive emotion-related socialization behaviors, and mothers' negative emotion socialization can interfere with the development of emotion regulation in children. However, insufficient studies examine the relationship between mothers' depressive symptoms, emotion socialization, and children's emotion regulation. The present study used short-term longitudinal data to investigate the mediating role of maternal emotion socialization on the effect of maternal depressive symptoms on children's emotion regulation. Participants included 180 mothers of six-to-12-year-old children. First, we measured maternal depressive symptoms and mothers' reactions to their children's negative emotions, operationalizing emotion socialization. Then we collected data about the children's emotion regulation reported by mothers six months later. A structured equation modeling analysis indicated that maternal emotion socialization completely mediated the impact of mothers' depressive symptoms on children's emotion regulation with a significant indirect effect. The present study used short-term longitudinal data and highlighted the significant impact of mothers' depressive symptoms on children's emotion regulation mediated by maternal emotion socialization. The results suggest a need for early detection and appropriate intervention of mothers' depressive symptoms. Even for mothers with depression, efforts to recognize and improve their emotion-related parenting behavior could be helpful for their children.

Author(s): Lu Wang [sup.1] , Hai-Ou Zou [sup.2] , Jun Liu [sup.3] , Jing-Fang Hong [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/03xb04968, grid.186775.a, 0000 0000 9490 772X, School of Nursing, Anhui Medical [...], This study aimed to examine the prevalence of health outcomes and its associations with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in patients with depression. A total of 562 inpatients with depression who met the inclusion criteria were consecutively screened. All enrolled patients completed a series of assessments, including demographic information, ACEs, height and weight used to calculate body mass index (BMI), smoking, and binge drinking. The prevalence of overweight, obese, smoking and binge drinking in the whole sample was 24.3%, 3.1%, 15.7% and 23.7%, respectively. Overweight/obese were associated with physical abuse (OR = 2.793, 95%CI = 1.620-4.815, P < 0.001), emotional abuse (OR = 3.073, 95%CI = 1.796-5.259, P < 0.001; obese-OR = 11.587, 95%CI = 2.729-49.196, P = 0.001), emotional neglect (OR = 4.021, 95%CI = 2.313-6.992, P < 0.001), caregiver divorce/family separation (OR = 2.676, 95%CI = 1.626-4.404, P < 0.001; obese-OR = 5.100, 95%CI = 1.680-15.479, P = 0.004) and caregiver treated violently (OR = 2.304, 95%CI = 1.383-3.837, P = 0.001). Smoking were associated with physical abuse (OR = 2.756, 95%CI = 1.432-5.304, P = 0.002), emotional abuse (OR = 2.811, 95%CI = 1.499-5.270, P = 0.001), physical neglect (OR = 2.901, 95%CI = 1.504-5.596, P = 0.001), sexual abuse (OR = 2.389, 95%CI = 1.310-4.357, P = 0.005) and caregiver incarceration (OR = 2.798, 95%CI = 1.151-6.756, P = 0.023). While physical abuse (OR = 3.164, 95%CI = 1.835-5.454, P < 0.001), emotional abuse (OR = 2.625, 95%CI = 1.529-4.508, P < 0.001), emotional neglect (OR = 2.195, 95%CI = 1.287-3.743, P = 0.004), sexual abuse (OR = 2.453, 95%CI = 1.406-4.280, P = 0.002), caregiver mental illness (OR = 2.004, 95%CI = 1.186-3.386, P = 0.009) and caregiver divorce/family separation (OR = 2.411, 95%CI = 1.481-3.926, P < 0.001)-emerged as significant correlates of binge drinking. And patients who exposed to more types of ACEs showed a higher odds of overweight/obese, smoking and binge drinking compared with patients who have not been exposed to any type ACE. The associations between ACEs and health outcomes should not only consider its potential physiological mechanism, but also consider the emotional characteristics of patients with depression, social and family factors. Besides, standardized screening of ACEs in line with Chinese culture, intervention programs to improve family environment, collaborative and traumatic information services throughout the life cycle may reduce the negative impact of ACEs on patients with depression, and then reduce the risk of health outcomes.

Author(s): Fangsong Liu [sup.1] , Eddie S. K. Chong [sup.2] , Harold Chui [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/05nkgk822, grid.411862.8, 0000 0000 8732 9757, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, , [...], Past researchers found that the association between disclosure of sexual orientation and mental health problems was inconsistent. This study aims to identify variables that may moderate and mediate this relationship. A total of 1,404 Chinese lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults participated in this study. They provided demographic information and completed measures of disclosure of sexual orientation to family (DSOF), perceived parental support for sexual orientation (PPSSO), sexual orientation victimization in family (SOVF), perceived burdensomeness (PB), thwarted belongingness (TB), and depression. Structural equation modelling was conducted for data analyses. In the direct and mediation models, DSOF had non-significant association with depression. In the moderated mediation model, PPSSO and SOVF moderated the effects of DSOF on PB and TB. The indirect negative effects of DSOF on depression through PB and TB were stronger for participants with higher PPSSO or lower SOVF. Specifically, DSOF had the largest negative association with depression through PB and TB for participants with very high PPSSO or very low SOVF, whereas such indirect associations were the largest positive for those with very low PPSSO or very high SOVF. Family attitudes and behaviors toward non-heterosexual sexual orientation may change the direction and the extent to which DSOF contributes to depressive symptoms through PB and TB.

Author(s): Xiaoyan Pang [sup.1] , Fangmei Li [sup.1] , Lei Dou [sup.1] , Yichang Tian [sup.1] , Yi Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412636.4, 0000 0004 1757 9485, Department of [...], Patients with ovarian cancer (OC) often suffer from depressive symptoms, but the associated factors only have a small number of reports. In view of increasing attention to positive psychological resources in the field of oncology, it is necessary to explore the effects of these resources on depressive symptoms. This study explored the relations between social support and depressive symptoms, and whether resilience played a mediating role. A cross-sectional study was performed between August 2018 and March 2019. Perceived social support, resilience, and depressive symptoms were measured with the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to assess the mediating role of resilience between these variables. A total of 230 OC survivors were enrolled and finally 217 patients completed the questionnaires. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 50.7%. After controlling for covariates, perceived social support was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms and explained 22.8% of the variance. In addition, after controlling for covariates and perceived social support, resilience was also negatively associated with depressive symptoms and explained 18.1% of the variance. Resilience could partially mediate the associations of perceived social support with depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms in OC patients should be concerned. Perceived social support and resilience were both positive psychological resources for resisting depressive symptoms, and resilience could mediate the association between social support and depressive symptoms. It was critical to focus on social support as well as resilience in the psychosocial interventions of OC patients.

Author(s): Giovanna Manna [sup.1] , Giulia Costanzo [sup.1] , Sandro De Santis [sup.2] , Giorgio Falgares [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10776.37, 0000 0004 1762 5517, Department of Psychology, Educational Science [...], The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of the offspring&apos;s self-esteem in the association between the mother&apos;s attachment style and the depressive symptoms of a sample of early adolescents. The participants included 484 students, aged 11 to 15 (M.sub.age = 12.24, SD = .91) and their mothers, ranged in age between 30 and 69 years (M.sub.age = 43.82, SD = 5.13). The students completed the Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale and the Self-administered Psychiatric Scales for adolescents-Depression. Mothers completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire. The results showed an association between mothers&apos; anxious attachment and both self-esteem and depression of our young adolescents. Furthermore, adolescents&apos; self-esteem mediated the association between mothers&apos; anxious attachment and adolescents&apos; depression. The mediating role of self-esteem was not significant in the relationship between mothers&apos; avoidant attachment and adolescents&apos; depression.

Author(s): Myong Sun Cho [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.496399.8, 0000 0004 1785 9022, Department of Nursing, Kyungbok University, , 425 Kyeongbokdae-ro, 12051, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea Introduction According to the [...], The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which self-esteem and depressive symptoms mediated the influence of stigma on life satisfaction among out-of-school youth in the Republic of Korea. Cross-sectional data were collected from 318 youth, aged 18 to 23 years (20.67 ± 1.12), who provided information on perceived stigma, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and personal characteristics. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was followed by a path analysis to investigate the mediation effects. Stigma was found to be negatively associated with life satisfaction. Self-esteem mediated the negative association between stigma and life satisfaction, while depressive symptoms mediated the positive association between stigma and life satisfaction. The path analysis results showed that the influence of depressive symptoms on life satisfaction had the largest path coefficient ([beta] = -0.60, p < .01) and the influence of self-esteem on life satisfaction also has a large path coefficient ([beta] = 0.52, p < .01). This study demonstrated that self-esteem and depressive symptoms are important to the relationship between stigma and life satisfaction. Implications are discussed regarding possible stigma-reduction strategies and interventions to help out-of-school youth integrate into society and lead successful and satisfying lives.

Author(s): Il Bong Mun [sup.1] , Seyoung Lee [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.264381.a, 0000 0001 2181 989X, Research Center for Media, Culture and Contents, Sungkyunkwan University, , Seoul, South Korea [...], This study examines the impact of parents&apos; depression on their children&apos;s online gaming addiction and investigates the mediating roles of intrusive parenting and children&apos;s social motivation for playing online games on this relationship. The data for this study were derived from the Game Use Panel Fifth Year Research conducted by the Korea Creative Content Agency in the first half of 2018. We narrowed the sample down to parent-child dyads of children who were online game players and their parents (both N = 356). We tested the relationships between the variables via hierarchical regression analysis and Hayes&apos;s (2013) model PROCESS macro. The results indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between parents&apos; depression and their children&apos;s online gaming addiction (B = .33, SE = .11, p < .01). Moreover, the findings showed that the relationship between parents&apos; depression and children&apos;s online gaming addiction was significantly mediated by intrusive parenting (B = .06, Boot SE = .03, 95% Boot CI = .007, .15) and children&apos;s social motivation for playing online games (B = .12, Boot SE = .05, 95% Boot CI = .014, .24). The results imply that parents&apos; mental health and parenting behavior and children&apos;s motivations for playing online games should be considered when evaluating children&apos;s online game addiction and devising preventative interventions.

Author(s): Yaoguo Geng [sup.1] , Jingjing Gu [sup.1] , Jiejing Yu [sup.1] , Xueli Zhu [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.207374.5, 0000 0001 2189 3846, School of Education, Zhengzhou University, , [...], Negative life events have been considered as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. This study aimed to explore whether resilience mediated the association between negative life events and depressive symptoms, and investigate whether psychopathy moderated the mediation model. Participants were recruited in Henan province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Finally, 427 participants were included in the full analyses. Results showed the association between negative life events and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by resilience. Besides, the path between negative life events and resilience was moderated by psychopathy. That is to say, negative life events can predict lower level of resilience and further predict more depressive symptoms. In addition, high level of psychopathy, to some extent, can predict less depressive symptoms via buffering the effects of negative life events on resilience.

Author(s): Zahra Vahedi [sup.1] , Lesley Zannella [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.68312.3e, 0000 0004 1936 9422, Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, , 350 Victoria Street, M5B 2K3, Toronto, ON, Canada [...], The use of social networking sites (SNSs) has become a widespread part of modern-day life. A recent proliferation of research regarding SNS use pertains to its association with self-reported depressive symptoms. The current meta-analysis evaluates this literature by assessing the relationship between SNS use and self-reported depressive symptoms. Based on 55 independent samples (N = 80, 533), an effect size of r = .165 was obtained, indicating a small, positive, significant association between self-reported symptoms of depression and SNS use. Furthermore, the type of SNS use was identified to be a significant moderator of this relationship. Limitations of this meta-analysis include the use of mainly cross-sectional studies - limiting the potential for causal claims -, as well as the subjective categorization of certain moderator subgroups. The results of this review highlight the need for advancing various streams of future research; particularly, in determining the direction of the causal relationship between these two constructs, as well as better-defined and theory-grounded definitions of the different types of SNS use.

Author(s): Sen Li [sup.1] , Fengqing Zhao [sup.2] , Guoliang Yu [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.24539.39, 0000 0004 0368 8103, School of Education, Renmin University of China, , No. 59 [...], Although social exclusion has been shown to play an important role in depression, little is known about mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation among college students. Based on conservation of resources theory and hopelessness theory of depression, the current study investigated the mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of implicit theories in the relation between social exclusion and depression. Five hundred and fifty-three Chinese college students filled out questionnaires regarding social exclusion, depression, psychological capital and implicit theories. After gender and age were controlled, social exclusion was significantly and positively associated with depression. Mediation analysis revealed that psychological capital partially mediated the association between social exclusion and depression. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that the indirect effect of social exclusion on depression was moderated by implicit theories. The indirect path was only significant for entity theorists but not for incremental theorists. These findings may help to design effective psychological interventions for college students with higher level of depression.

Marriage, especially for women in a patriarchal society involves a huge transition process. The struggle with new responsibilities and expectations is overwhelming in itself. But with the feelings of worthlessness and feeling trapped and bound in a loveless and thankless bond, come distress and adjustment issues. According to a recent Nielsen survey on 'Women of Tomorrow', out of 21 nations and 6500 women, India is a leading nation when it comes to stress in women. About 87% of women were stressed most of the time and 82% claimed that they did not find time to relax. Women in the age range from 22 years to 55 years are the most stressed and are struggling hard to strike a balance between their home lives, social activities and jobs. The present study aims to examine depression, stress, anxiety and adjustment issues among women. A total of 80 married women were selected for the study with 40 working and 40 non-working women. The Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were administered to collect data. Negative relationship was obtained between stress, anxiety depression and marital adjustment among married women. Anxiety and Marital adjustment are moderately correlated (-.346) while Stress (-.454) and Depression (-0.487) are highly correlated with marital adjustment. Keywords: Women, Depression, Anxiety, Marital adjustment, Correlational analysis, Indian women, Introduction For much of the history of the world, men and women lived together because they needed each other. Marriage was an economic arrangement, and love and emotional support came [...]

Our goal was to examine undergraduates' social support sources, including social media (SM) sources and their preferences for SM features (i.e.. anonymity and similar-peer communities).Participants were 662 undergraduates (438 women) from two mid-western colleges who completed an online survey in spring, 2017. Students completed a demographic survey and depression/anxiety screener. They also indicated whether they turned to different people and SM resources when in distress. Those with high depression were less likely to identify parents and mental health professionals as sources of support. Those with high depression/anxiety were more likely to identify SM as a social support medium and indicate preferences for similar-peer communities; however, they also identified SM as stress-inducing. Therefore, SM may be a non-redundant source of social support for undergraduates; however. SM also may be stress inducing. SM featuring anonymity and similar-peer communities might be appealing to students, especially those at-risk.Keywords: College students, social media, depression, stress, social support, IntroductionThe transition to college brings about a number of new stressors. College students must learn to manage their course workload and finances, adapt to living on their own, and balance [...]

Here we consider interpersonal experience in schizophrenia, melancholia, and mania. Our goal is to improve understanding of similarities and differences in how other people can be experienced in these disorders, [...]

Self-supporting personality (SSP) is a Chinese indigenous personality construct that was posited two thousand years ago and considered to be a prime example of Chinese ethos. SSP is defined to [...], Self-supporting personality (SSP) is an indigenous Chinese personality concept. It is assumed to be a protective personality factor with regard to depression. In the present study, self-supporting personality traits are assumed to be similar to Big Five personality traits or facets of the Five Factor Model to a considerable degree, but also to contain some tendencies or dispositions which are related to depression in ways that go beyond either the Big Five factors or their sub-factors. The relation of self supporting personality, Big Five personality, and depression was examined in a sample of 439 Chinese undergraduate students using the Self-Supporting Personality Scale for Adolescent Students (SSPS-AS), the Mandarin Chinese version of Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), and the Chinese Version of Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results from the correlation analysis revealed that most SSP traits were significantly correlated with the Big Five personality dimensions and sub-dimensions, but the correlation between personal flexibility and either the Big Five dimensions or their sub-dimensions were modest at best. Results from the hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that interpersonal responsibility, interpersonal openness, and personal independence negatively predicted depression, even after controlling for demographic variables and the Big Five personality, however, the explained variance decreased sharply. These results support the hypothesis that despite some overlap with the Big Five personality, self-supporting personality is related to depression in additional ways that the Big Five personality dimensions or their sub-dimensions are not. Keywords Self-supporting personality * Big five personality * Depression * Cultural differences

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is 'a pattern of abusive behaviors including a wide range of physical, sexual, and psychological maltreatment used by one person in an intimate relationship against another [...], The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and personality disorder symptoms controlling for depressive state. Victims of IPV (n =176) and non-abused women (n =193) completed the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ), Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). IPV victims scored higher than non-abused women on Intimacy Problems, and scored lower on Rejection traits, after adjustment for depressive symptoms. Severity of the IPV was related to Cognitive Distortion, Suspiciousness, Restricted Expression, and Intimacy Problems, and the length of the IPV was negatively associated with Rejection. The current study suggests only modest differences in personality traits between IPV and non-abused women. The DAPP-BQ traits associated with severity of IPV, in a dose-response manner, would partially reflect the symptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), although this possibility deserves further study. Keywords DAPP-BQ * Intimate partner violence Complex PTSD * DESNOS * Intimacy problems

INTRODUCTION Communicative participation refers to taking part in the communication aspects of life roles including employment, household management, relationships, and community activities. Since the adoption of the World Health Organization [...], Keywords: multiple sclerosis, communication disorders, communicative participation The Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB) is a self-report instrument measuring interference in participation in everyday communication situations for community-dwelling adults across a range of communication disorders. Ten items from the CPIB were administered to 500 participants with multiple sclerosis (MS) over a 2-year period (baseline, plus 1 year, plus 2 years). Measures of symptoms (slurred speech, problems thinking, depression, fatigue, social support, and mobility) and demographic data (age, duration of MS, employment status) were also obtained as part of a larger longitudinal study. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify latent classes and their trajectories over time. Three latent classes (all with flat trajectories) were identified: high, mid, and low participation. Members of the high-participation class (77.9% of the sample) were characterized by low levels of slurred speech, depression, and fatigue. The high proportion in this group may reflect that those with more severe symptoms were more likely to withdraw from the study. Of particular interest to speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are the mid-participation class (16.2% of the sample) characterized by low social support and the low-participation class (5.8%) whose members report both low social support and problems thinking Implications for assessment and intervention approaches are discussed.

Approximately 20 % to 40 % of adults report being exposed to physical violence between their parents during childhood or adolescence (Evans et al. 2008). Estimating the prevalence of exposure [...], Childhood exposure to family aggression is associated with various harmful outcomes, including poor adult relationship functioning (i.e., greater relationship dissatisfaction and partner aggression). The mechanisms by which this transmission occurs, however, are less well understood. In this study, the mediating effects of adult depression and childhood antisocial behavior on the link between childhood exposure to family aggression and adult relationship functioning were investigated using a community sample of 98 couples expecting their first child. Childhood exposure to aggression was linked to greater relationship dissatisfaction and higher rates of partner aggression perpetration for both men and women. For men, symptoms of depression partially mediated the association between aggression exposure and relationship satisfaction. For women, childhood antisocial behavior fully mediated the link between aggression exposure and both indices of poor relationship functioning (dissatisfaction and aggression). These gender-specific results have implications for improving relationship functioning and breaking the intergenerational transmission of relationship dysfunction. Keywords Childhood exposure to aggression * Relationship satisfaction * Partner aggression * Depression * Antisocial behavior

Introduction Vasculitis is a systemic autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of blood vessels with unpredictable periods of relapse and remission. Before the development of effective immunosuppressive medications, more than 80% [...], Few studies have explored mediators between medication-related support and medication adherence for individuals with rare, systemic autoimmune conditions. Using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, we tested whether depressive symptomatology and medication adherence self-efficacy mediated the relationship between adherence support and changes in medication adherence among vasculitis patients, and whether support from physicians and partners differentially affected medication adherence. Vasculitis patients (n = 172) completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires about their medication adherence and perceived adherence support. Bootstrapped mediation analyses tested the effects of physician and partner support on changes in medication adherence. Adherence self-efficacy mediated the relationship between physician support and changes in medication adherence (B = 0.05, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.01, 0.13). Neither self-efficacy nor depressive symptomatology mediated the effects of partner support. Although physicians spend little time with patients, they can increase patients' confidence about taking medications correctly and potentially improve health outcomes by bolstering medication adherence. Keywords Medication adherence * Social support * Vasculitis * Autoimmune conditions * Depression * Self-efficacy

The purpose of this study was to analyze a nationally representative sample of families referred to Child Protective Services (CPS) agencies, the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, to [...]

Beyond Recognition of Gender and Sexual Orientation: Reducing Stigma, Anxiety and Depression on Asexual and Other Sexually Non-Conforming Populations. Leticia Berg and Jared Boot, Michigan School of Psychology In spite [...]

An individual's initial adjustments are influenced by multiple factors. These include physical changes such as with bowel and bladder, mobility and genital function; psychosocial influences such as emotional resilience, personality [...]

Introduction Depressive disorders are common mental disorders, occurring as early as 3 years of age and across all world regions [1-3]. Previous global burden of disease (GBD) studies in 1990 [...], Background: Depressive disorders were a leading cause of burden in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 1990 and 2000 studies. Here, we analyze the burden of depressive disorders in GBD 2010 and present severity proportions, burden by country, region, age, sex, and year, as well as burden of depressive disorders as a risk factor for suicide and ischemic heart disease. Methods and Findings: Burden was calculated for major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymia. A systematic review of epidemiological data was conducted. The data were pooled using a Bayesian meta-regression. Disability weights from population survey data quantified the severity of health loss from depressive disorders. These weights were used to calculate years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Separate DALYs were estimated for suicide and ischemic heart disease attributable to depressive disorders. Depressive disorders were the second leading cause of YLDs in 2010. MDD accounted for 8.2% (5.9%-10.8%) of global YLDs and dysthymia for 1.4% (0.9%-2.0%). Depressive disorders were a leading cause of DALYs even though no mortality was attributed to them as the underlying cause. MDD accounted for 2.5% (1.9%-3.2%) of global DALYs and dysthymia for 0.5% (0.3%-0.6%). There was more regional variation in burden for MDD than for dysthymia; with higher estimates in females, and adults of working age. Whilst burden increased by 37.5% between 1990 and 2010, this was due to population growth and ageing. MDD explained 16 million suicide DALYs and almost 4 million ischemic heart disease DALYs. This attributable burden would increase the overall burden of depressive disorders from 3.0% (2.2%-3.8%) to 3.8% (3.0%-4.7%) of global DALYs. Conclusions: GBD 2010 identified depressive disorders as a leading cause of burden. MDD was also a contributor of burden allocated to suicide and ischemic heart disease. These findings emphasize the importance of including depressive disorders as a public-health priority and implementing cost-effective interventions to reduce its burden. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

Background Unipolar depressive disorders are the second leading cause of disease burden in women aged 15-44 y worldwide, and self-inflicted injuries are the seventh leading cause of disease burden [1]. [...], Background: Depression and suicide are responsible for a substantial burden of disease globally. Evidence suggests that intimate partner violence (IPV) experience is associated with increased risk of depression, but also that people with mental disorders are at increased risk of violence. We aimed to investigate the extent to which IPV experience is associated with incident depression and suicide attempts, and vice versa, in both women and men. Methods and Findings: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies published before February 1, 2013. More than 22,000 records from 20 databases were searched for studies examining physical and/or sexual intimate partner or dating violence and symptoms of depression, diagnosed major depressive disorder, dysthymia, mild depression, or suicide attempts. Random effects meta-analyses were used to generate pooled odds ratios (ORs). Sixteen studies with 36,163 participants met our inclusion criteria. All studies included female participants; four studies also included male participants. Few controlled for key potential confounders other than demographics. All but one depression study measured only depressive symptoms. For women, there was clear evidence of an association between IPV and incident depressive symptoms, with 12 of 13 studies showing a positive direction of association and 11 reaching statistical significance; pooled OR from six studies = 1.97 (95% CI 1.56-2.48, [I.sup.2] = 50.4%, [p.sub.heterogeneity] = 0.073). There was also evidence of an association in the reverse direction between depressive symptoms and incident IPV (pooled OR from four studies = 1.93, 95% CI 1.51-2.48, [I.sup.2] = 0%, p = 0.481). IPV was also associated with incident suicide attempts. For men, evidence suggested that IPV was associated with incident depressive symptoms, but there was no clear evidence of an association between IPV and suicide attempts or depression and incident IPV. Conclusions: In women, IPV was associated with incident depressive symptoms, and depressive symptoms with incident IPV. IPV was associated with incident suicide attempts. In men, few studies were conducted, but evidence suggested IPV was associated with incident depressive symptoms. There was no clear evidence of association with suicide attempts. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.