Search

The aim of this study was to examine the link between personal beliefs about emotion controllability and symptoms of anxiety and depression, with a particular focus on the mediating role of emotion regulation. To date, there has been little research examining the mediating role of cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression in the link between beliefs about emotion controllability and symptoms of anxiety. Online questionnaires measuring emotion regulation, beliefs about emotion controllability, and depression and anxiety, were completed by 1227 participants (n = 336 males; M.sub.age = 25.3, SD = 10.1; range = 16 to 83 years). The results indicated that perceived control over one's own emotions predicted better psychological health (fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression). This link between beliefs about emotion controllability and psychological heath was partially mediated by cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, with cognitive reappraisal predicting a reduction in clinical symptoms and expressive suppression predicting an increase in clinical symptoms. These findings suggest that individuals' beliefs about emotion controllability, leads to the use of certain emotion regulation strategies which in turn, have important consequences for psychological health., Author(s): Carla Deplancke [sup.1] , Matthew P. Somerville [sup.1] , Amy Harrison [sup.1] , Laura Vuillier [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.83440.3b, 0000000121901201, Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute [...]

Due to the high rate of comorbidity of social anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder, this study aimed to examine the mediation effect of depressive symptoms on the association between emotion regulation, negative self-evaluation, and social anxiety symptoms. The population of this study consisted of all students of the Faculty of Architecture, Islamic Azad University. The sample included 284 of the students based on convenience sampling method. Depressive symptoms were measured by Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al., 1996 (See CR7)), emotion regulation was measured by Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311-1327, 2001 (See CR29)), social anxiety was measured by Social Phobia Inventory (Connor et al., Depression and Anxiety, 14(2), 137-140, 2001 (See CR23)) and, negative self-evaluation was measured by Consequences of Negative Social Events Questionnaire (Wilson and Rapee, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19(3), 245-274, 2005 (See CR84)). We used Path analysis to test the significance of mediation. The result of the study indicated that the direct and indirect effects of all maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, negative self-evaluation and evaluation from the others', and depression components on social anxiety symptoms components was positive and significant.From these results, we conclude that high levels of depressive symptoms accompanied by high levels of maladaptive emotion regulation and high levels of negative self-evaluation can lead to increased social anxiety symptoms. The theoretical and practical issues have been discussed., Author(s): Sima Haji Ali Akbari Mehrizi [sup.1] , Omid Amani [sup.2] , Atefe Mohamadi Feyzabadi [sup.3] , Zoha Ebrahimi Baye Kolae [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.444893.6, 0000 0001 0701 9423, [...]

This research aimed to figure out the relationships between depression, loneliness and pathological Internet use by testing 677 middle school students (M.sub.age = 12.12, SD = 0.79) and making a three-wave cross-lagged analysis. The total measuring time was two years, with a time interval of one year. The results showed the following: (1) There were significantly positive relationships between depression, loneliness and pathological Internet use at three time points; (2) Depression at T1 and T2 could significantly and positively predict pathological Internet use at T2 and T3, while loneliness could not. Pathological Internet use at T1 could significantly and positively predict the feelings of depression and loneliness at T2, while pathological Internet use at T2 could not significantly and positively predict the feelings of depression and loneliness at T3. Thus, results were inconclusive regarding whether PIU led to later psychiatric symptoms. This complex interactions varied with time and did not vary with gender. The findings show important significance for promotion of adolescents' psychology development and the prevention of pathological Internet use., Author(s): Xin Fang [sup.1] [sup.2] , Mei Tian [sup.3] , Ruihua Wang [sup.3] , Peng Wang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.410585.d, 0000 0001 0495 1805, Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal [...]

The main objectives were to associate between social media news consumption during these unstable times and depression, as well as suicidal ideation among a sample of Lebanese adults, in addition to associate between fear of Covid-19, depression and suicidal ideation. Secondary objectives aimed to check the mediating effect of depression in the association between time spent on social media to get the news and the presence of suicidal ideation. This is a cross-sectional study executed between April and May 2021. It involved 402 Lebanese citizens aged 18 years and above, selected randomly from all Lebanese districts. Having cancer (Beta = 0.20) or lung disease (Beta = 0.27), more fear of COVID-19 (Beta = 0.16), a higher time spent on social media for news (Beta = 0.13) and a higher household crowding index (Beta = 0.29) were significantly associated with more depression, whereas having a pet in the house (Beta = -0.13) and working in the medical field (Beta = -0.17) were significantly associated with less depression. Higher depression (aOR = 1.19) was significantly associated with higher odds of having suicidal ideation, whereas more fear of COVID-19 (aOR = 0.84) and older age (aOR = 0.96) were significantly associated with less odds of having suicidal ideation. Depression did not mediate the association between time spent on social media to get the news and suicidal ideation. This study showed that more time spent on social media reading the news is associated with higher depression but not suicidal ideation. Fear of Covid-19 is associated with more depression, but less suicidal ideation. Further studies are needed to identify the causality between social media news consumption, depression and suicidal ideation. Moreover, awareness campaigns should be organized to teach people how to consume social media news in a responsible way, without letting it affect their emotions directly, which may cause psychological disorders., Author(s): Yara El Frenn [sup.1] , Souheil Hallit [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Sahar Obeid [sup.4] , Michel Soufia [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.444434.7, 0000 0001 2106 3658, School of Medicine [...]

The current study examined the mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and resilience in the relationship between perceived parental support and depressive symptoms among college students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. A large sample of Chinese college students (N = 2, 423) participated in this investigation. Results indicated that perceived parental support was negatively related to depressive symptoms. The two emotion regulation strategies and resilience partially and serially mediated the relation between perceived parental support and depressive symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed., Author(s): Baojuan Ye [sup.1] , Shunying Zhao [sup.1] , Yadi Zeng [sup.1] , Chuansheng Chen [sup.2] , Yanzhen Zhang [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411862.8, 0000 0000 8732 9757, Center of [...]

Previous studies have established that work motivation and depression are related; however, the underlying mechanisms between the two have not received much empirical attention. Based on the JD-R model, the present research aimed to expand extant research by proposing a moderated mediation model to examine whether burnout may play a mediator between work motivation and depression and investigate the moderating role of mental resilience in this mediation process. Overall, 5,025 Chinese manufacturing employees participated in the study. Participants completed questionnaires regarding work motivation, job burnout, mental resilience, and depression. Using Hayes's PROCESS macro (Model 58) to test the moderated mediation model, this study found that work motivation was significantly and negatively associated with depression. The moderated mediation analyses further indicated that burnout acted as a full mediator in the relation between work motivation and depression and this mediated path was weaker for employees with higher levels of mental resilience. These findings demonstrated that burnout is the critical link between work motivation and depression, and high mental resilience helps prevent job burnout and depression., Author(s): Xueping Meng [sup.1] , Dong Yang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.263906.8, 0000 0001 0362 4044, School of Psychology, Southwest University, , Tiansheng Road no.1, 400715, BeiBei, Chongqing, China Introduction [...]

Self-relevant stimuli seem to automatically draw attention, but it is unclear whether this comes at a cost for processing subsequent stimuli, and whether the effect is depending on one's mental state (i.e. depression). To address this question, we performed two experiments. In Experiment 1, 45 participants were to report two words (T1 and T2) in an attentional blink (AB) paradigm. T1 was a personality characteristic varying in self-rated self-relevance, whereas T2 was a neutral word. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was applied to compare the T1 and T2 accuracies when T1 was high or low self-relevant. A positive effect of self-relevance was found on T1, without observable carry-over effects on T2 performance. However, in Experiment 2, a GLMM applied on 93 participants showed that T1 self-relevance can affect T2, showing opposite effects depending on sub-clinical depression score. Our findings imply that people with low depression scores process self-relevant stimuli more efficiently, which is reflected in a reduced AB. In contrast, individuals with higher scores in depression demonstrated a difficulty to withdraw attention from self-relevant information, reflected in an increased AB. Our findings thus reveal that a processing advantage for highly self-relevant stimuli comes at either a subsequent cost or benefit in temporal attention depending on one's mental disposition., Author(s): Jing Wang [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Corné Hoekstra [sup.4] , Stefanie Enriquez-Geppert [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.5] , Yuejia Luo [sup.3] [sup.6] [sup.7] , André Aleman [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.5] , [...]

Lockdown measures were taken since February 2020 in Lebanon, a country already going through a socio-economic crisis, to fight the new coronavirus pandemic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychological impact of the lockdown in Lebanon. A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted during the lockdown period in order to punctually assess depression, anxiety symptoms as well as eating and substance use disorders using self-rating scales (the DASS-21, SCOFF and CAGE-AID respectively), while identifying factors that might affect those outcomes. Overall, 1133 participants completed the questionnaire. The DASS-21 score was positively correlated with the impact of lockdown on participants' lifestyle and lockdown duration. A highest effect on DASS-21 score was related to the intensity of other stressful life events that have happened during the last 3 months. Linear regression analysis also showed that age, monthly income, professional status, the SCOFF and CAGE-AID scores, the intensity of the lockdown's impact on lifestyle and having been through other stressful life events unrelated to the lockdown per se, were risk factors affecting significantly the DASS-21 score. Lockdown, as well as other stressful life event that have happened during the last 3 months, were therefore associated with higher depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. These findings may guide future policy making strategies in order to prevent mental health problems in case of a pandemic concomitant with other critical stressors., Author(s): Rami Bou Khalil [sup.1] [sup.2] , Ramez Dagher [sup.1] [sup.2] , Myriam Zarzour [sup.1] [sup.2] , Ghassan Sleilaty [sup.2] [sup.3] , Hanna Abi Akl [sup.4] , Maya Kallab [sup.2] [...]

The present study examined the causes and consequences of stress generation in university students in Japan. A two-wave longitudinal study with an 8- or 9-week interval was conducted in the fall of 2020. Undergraduate and graduate students at four universities in Japan (N = 201) completed self-report measures assessing experiences of negative interpersonal dependent events, negative non-interpersonal events, and negative independent events at two times. At the same time, they also responded to measures of aggressive behaviors, trait rumination, and depressive symptoms. Path analyses revealed that baseline aggressive behaviors were positively associated with an increase in subsequent negative interpersonal dependent events, even after controlling for the influences of negative interpersonal dependent events, rumination, and depressive symptoms at baseline. However, aggressive behaviors were not significantly associated with subsequent negative non-interpersonal dependent events or negative independent events. These findings suggest that aggressive behaviors may have been a factor leading to interpersonal stress generation. Furthermore, all categories of negative event experiences predicted an increase in subsequent depressive symptoms, but not subsequent rumination, and rumination was not significantly associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. This research extends previous studies on the causes and consequences of stress generation conducted in the US by using specific measures of aggressive behaviors and including a non-restricted sample of university students in Japan., Author(s): Akira Hasegawa [sup.1] , Shin-ichi Oura [sup.1] , Tetsuya Yamamoto [sup.2] , Yoshihiko Kunisato [sup.3] , Yuko Matsuda [sup.4] , Masaki Adachi [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.420117.1, 0000 0000 [...]

Internationally and in the United States, health care has been increasingly perceived and codified as a human right, and the violation of this right through being uninsured may contribute to the development of depression. Studies in several countries with markedly different healthcare structures than the United States have linked health insurance and depression both causally and associatively. However, it is unclear how this association may manifest in the United States given the unique healthcare system. Therefore, this study examined the association between being uninsured and clinical depression in the United States. Using a cross-sectional sample of 17,284 participants (57.9% female) from the CDC's 2015 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System survey, we conducted a weighted multiple logistic regression analysis examining the association between health insurance and clinical depression. Several demographics and risk factors were controlled for. Being uninsured was associated with higher odds of having depression (aOR= 1.71), which was similar to common risk factors, such as being obese (1.43) and being an occasional smoker (1.91). Being uninsured may be a risk factor for depression. This association has implications for health insurance policy and clinical mental health practice., Author(s): Phillip M Hughes [sup.1] [sup.2] , Megan S Hughes [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10698.36, 0000000122483208, UNC Health Sciences at MAHEC, , Chapel Hill, NC, USA (2) grid.10698.36, 0000000122483208, Division [...]

The purpose of the present study was to examine vulnerability factors in expecting parents that might lead to mental illness in the perinatal period. Specifically, we studied how parental early adversity, attentional bias to infant faces, repetitive negative thinking, and demographic factors, were associated with pre- and postnatal depressive symptoms and parenting stress. Participants were expecting parents taking part in the Northern Babies Longitudinal Study, where assessments were made both pre- and postnatally. Assessments included both questionnaires and cognitive tasks. About half of the participants received the Newborn Behavior Observation (NBO)-intervention after birth, between pre- and postnatal assessments. Results show that repetitive negative thinking was a significant predictor of both depressive symptoms and parenting stress, while education, social support, and parity came out as protective factors, especially in mothers. Parental early adversity had an indirect effect on postnatal depressive symptoms and parenting stress, mediated by prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms, respectively. The NBO intervention did not affect the results, signifying the importance of early childhood adverse events and negative thinking on parents' postnatal adjustment and mood, even when an intervention is provided. In conclusion, repetitive negative thinking is a significant vulnerability factor independent of the presence of depressive symptoms, and health professionals must be aware of parents' thinking style both during pregnancy and after birth., Author(s): Agnes Bohne [sup.1] [sup.2] , Ragnhild Sørensen Høifødt [sup.1] , Dag Nordahl [sup.1] , Inger Pauline Landsem [sup.2] [sup.3] , Vibeke Moe [sup.4] , Catharina Elisabeth Arfwedson Wang [sup.1] [...]

Aim: Personality is a critical predictor of the depression levels of adolescents, and neurotic individuals have more severe depressive symptoms than their counterparts. Thus, it is necessary to increase our knowledge about the influencing mechanism of neuroticism on depression. The mediating variables of negative cognitive bias and negative affect were examined in this paper; the examination revealed that neuroticism leads to depression by affecting the aspects of cognition and affect and providing a more comprehensive theoretical basis for depression research in adolescents. Method: In this study, the Beck Depression Invention, the Negative Cognitive Bias Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Neuroticism Questionnaire were used to evaluate the depression level, negative cognitive bias, negative affect and neuroticism of college students. The 1035 participants were undergraduate students from 3 universities across the Guangdong Province of China, specifically, 371 male students (35.8%) and 664 female students (64.2%). The students' ages ranged from 17 to 22 years old, with an average age of 19.54 ± 2.08. Result: (1) Neuroticism was positively correlated with the level of depression ([gamma] =0.594, P < 0.05), which indicates that neuroticism has a positive predictive effect on the level of depression. (2) Neuroticism was positively correlated with negative cognitive bias ([gamma] =0.715, P < 0.05), which indicates that neuroticism has a positive predictive effect on negative cognitive bias. Negative cognitive bias was positively correlated with the level of depression ([gamma] =0.314, P < 0.05), which indicates that negative cognitive bias has a positive predictive effect on the level of depression. According to the mediating effect analysis, the mediating effect of negative cognitive bias between neuroticism and depression was statistically significant, and the mediating effect was 0.262. Negative cognitive bias played a mediating role between neuroticism and depression in college students. (3) Neuroticism was positively correlated with negative affect ([gamma] =0.703, P < 0.05), which indicated that neuroticism has a positive predictive effect on negative affect. Negative affect was positively correlated with depression level ([gamma] =0.307, P < 0.05), which indicated that negative affect has a positive predictive effect on depression level. According to the analysis of the mediating effect, the mediating effect of negative affect between neuroticism and depression level of college students was statistically significant, and the mediating effect was 0.307. Negative affect plays a mediating role between neuroticism and depression levels in college students. Conclusion: (1) Neuroticism has a direct positive predictive effect on college students' depression level, (2) negative cognitive bias plays a mediating role between neuroticism and depression level of college students, and (3) negative affect plays a mediating role between neuroticism and depression level of college students. Therefore, negative cognitive bias and negative affect play multiple mediating roles between neuroticism and depression levels in college students., Author(s): Yu Pang [sup.1] , Shuman Wu [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412605.4, 0000 0004 1798 1351, School of Education and Psychological Science, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, , Zigong, [...]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a variety of negative physical and psychological health outcomes. The mechanisms by which this occurs and potential protective factors present in this relationship are understudied. Mindfulness is a cognitive resource that may protect individuals against symptoms of psychological distress. It has five core facets and encourages a nonjudgmental acceptance of the present moment. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of mindfulness in the relationship between ACEs and depression, both as a mediator and as a moderator, or protective factor. We hypothesized that the aware, describe, and non-judgement facets of mindfulness would be key factors in both sets of analyses. Participants at a university (N = 279) were given the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale (ACES), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) to measure depression. Results indicated that the describe CI [.02, .11], aware CI [.05, .17], and non-judgement CI [.06, .18] facets of mindfulness significantly mediated the relationship between ACEs and depression. Additionally, the aware facet of mindfulness was also a significant moderator in this relationship, [t (interaction) = -3.22, p < 0.01], such that individuals with a high level of awareness had no increase in depression even as the number of ACEs increased. Negative cognitions associated with ACEs may harm one's ability to effectively describe their feelings and to be fully aware of the present moment, which may contribute to symptoms of depression. Implications for mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are discussed., Author(s): Haley McKeen [sup.1] , Megan Hook [sup.1] , Purnaja Podduturi [sup.1] , Emily Beitzell [sup.1] , Amelia Jones [sup.1] , Miriam Liss [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.266671.2, 0000 0000 [...]

Patients with high neuroticism are more likely to have negative perceptions of disease and to report more depressive symptoms. The important environmental factor of patient-physician trust may buffer the negative effect of neuroticism on illness perception and thereby help to protect patients' mental health. This study examined the roles of illness perception and patient-physician trust in the relationship between neuroticism and patients' depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional survey was administered to patients of two Chinese hospitals (N = 384). The findings indicated that higher neuroticism was directly associated with depressive symptoms and indirectly associated with depressive symptoms via negative illness perception. Importantly, only the benevolence dimension of patient-physician trust was shown to moderate the indirect relationship between neuroticism and depressive symptoms: compared with patients in the low-level benevolence group, patients with high neuroticism in the high-level benevolence group reported less negative illness perceptions and, in turn, reduced depressive symptoms. The technical competence dimension of patient-physician trust showed no such moderating effect. For patients with high neuroticism, future interventions aimed at changing illness perceptions should focus not only on demonstrating technical competence and improving symptoms, but also on providing healthcare information and affectionate social support., Author(s): Qian-Feng Li [sup.1] , Qian-Wen Ma [sup.2] , Chao-Hui Zhu [sup.2] , Jian-Bin Chen [sup.3] , Shun-Wei Liang [sup.2] , Cheng-Cheng Cai [sup.2] , Jing-Bo Zhao [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.4] [...]

Depression is known to affect how individuals perceive social exchanges, either negative or positive ones. These difficulties are thought to partly arise from depression-related guilt and rejection sensitivity. Here, we examined whether individuals with elevated levels of depression reported more guilt after engaging in a series of controlled exchanges in the Ultimatum Game (UG) and if rejection sensitivity mediated this relationship in negative interactions. To this end, we utilized a multi-round, multi-shot UG in which participants (N = 72) were sequentially paired with (1) unfair and (2) altruistic allocators. State guilt and perceived fairness ratings were collected throughout the Ultimatum Game. Alternatively, we looked into perceived fairness of received offers and harm caused to the allocator as potential moderators of the mediation model. As expected, we found that rejection sensitivity partially mediated the relationship between depression and guilt. Interestingly, the effect of depression through rejection sensitivity on guilt was stronger when participants caused more harm to the allocator than when they perceived the allocator as extremely unfair. A path analysis was performed as well to check for goodness of fit of the moderated mediation model. Exploratory, we looked at how depression may interfere with the emotional and behavioral response in positive exchanges as well. Overall, our findings may contribute to the understanding of the dynamics in interpersonal transactions of depressed individuals with relevance for counseling and diagnosis. Theoretical implications and interpretive caveats are discussed., Author(s): Denisa Caculidis-Tudor [sup.1] , Andreea Bica [sup.1] , Rodica Ianole-Calin [sup.2] , Ioana R. Podina [sup.1] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.5100.4, 0000 0001 2322 497X, Department of Psychology, University [...]

The relationship between the Dark Triad and depressive symptoms is controversial. While some studies have reported negative correlations, then suggesting a protective effect of the Dark Triad traits against depression, evidence sometimes indicates the opposite, that is, that dark traits co-occur with depression. An additional issue is that these associations could be moderated by sex, a hypothesis yet to be tested. In the current study, we intended to investigate the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and the variables depression and life satisfaction, besides testing the role of sex as a potential moderator in these relationships. Participants were 488 undergraduate students, with ages from 18 to 72 years (M = 29.51; SD = 10.55; 75.6% females), who responded to the Short Dark Triad, the Baptista's Depression Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results from the Structural Equation Modeling indicated that each Dark Triad trait manifested a unique pattern of relationships to depression and life satisfaction. Nevertheless, we found no evidence of moderation by sex in the relationship that the dark traits have with depression and life satisfaction. Findings from the present study reveal a complex relationship of pathological traits with mental health/disorder variables, with comparable patterns occurring for both sexes., Author(s): Bruno Bonfá-Araujo [sup.1] , Ariela Raissa Lima-Costa [sup.2] , Makilim Nunes Baptista [sup.1] , Nelson Hauck-Filho [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412409.a, 0000 0001 2289 0436, Graduate School of Psychology, [...]

Violence, either physical or emotional, is the bitter reality as a frontline employee in the nursing profession. They either get depressed or retaliate in their job capacity. Drawing on psychological reactance theory, this paper investigates the linkage between workplace violence and interpersonal deviance in the hospital context. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the critical role of depression as a mediator and a sense of coherence as a moderator. Using a structured survey, 374 nurses employed within public hospitals in Lahore responded, and then the dataset was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.3.3. Results revealed that physical violence experienced by nurses tends to result in depression, leading to retaliation in the form of interpersonal deviance. Findings revealed that a sense of coherence dampened the physical violence-depression relationship. Hence, appropriate strategies are required by the nursing management to reduce such incidences, and if they happen, they must develop the personality skills and thinking among nurses to overcome such shocks at hospitals., Author(s): Ali Waqas [sup.1] [sup.2] , Shahbaz Haider [sup.2] [sup.3] , Riaz Ahmed [sup.4] , Abida Abdul Khaliq [sup.5] , Kareem M. Selem [sup.6] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.444934.a, 0000 0004 [...]

Objectives About 74.91% of U.S. mothers experience postpartum pain at 6 to 10 weeks postpartum, and one in seven U.S. mothers suffer from postpartum depression. We used machine learning to explore physical, psychological, and social factors during pregnancy and childbirth and identify the most important predictors of postpartum pain and depression. Methods Data were from the Listening To Mothers III survey (2012), a national representative sample of postpartum mothers. We randomly split the dataset into a training set (N = 1467) and a test set (N = 723). The final models included 34 risk factors identified from previous literature. Postpartum pain was measured as 'to what extent the pain interferes with mothers' daily life'. PHQ2 scores measured depression. We used the random forest model, an aggregate of many regression trees, to accommodate potential nonlinear/interaction effects. Results In the test data set, our models explained 15.8% of the variance in pain and 27.1% of the variance in depression. The model's strongest predictors for postpartum pain were Cesarean delivery, holding back while communicating with providers, non-use of pain relief medications, and perceived discrimination. For depression scores, the model's strongest predictors included needing help for depression during pregnancy, perceived discrimination, holding back, gestational diabetes, and pain. Conclusions for Practice Mental and physical health are intertwined and should be considered integratively in the perinatal period. Besides, practitioners should also be aware of the importance of patient-provider-relationship, which both independently and interact with other risk factors to predict postpartum health., Author(s): Wen Xu [sup.1] , McClain Sampson [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.266436.3, 0000 0004 1569 9707, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, , Houston, USA Significant Statement What [...]

Neuropsychiatric disorders regularly occur following brain injury and are often diagnosed within a year of the injury. (1,2) Mood disorders, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD), are the most frequently diagnosed [...]

It is theoretically recognized that cognitive distortions take part in the aetiology and prognosis of depression and anxiety disorders. Expressing emotions is contribute that to maintaining the mental health. This study was designed to investigate the relationship of cognitive distortions with emotional expression and the levels of anxiety and depression. The study was designed as a 'Descriptive Cross-Sectional' trial. For this purpose, data were collected between September-November 2019 by applying face-to-face questionnaires from 200 first and second grade university students. Data analysis were performed using appropriate statistical analysis. In the analysis of the data, it was found that as emotional reasoning subscale score increased, intimacy expression subscale decreased. As mind reading and catastrophizing subscale scores increased, negative emotional expression subscale score increased. It was observed that as the total score of the Cognitive Distortions Scale increased, the total score of the Beck Depression Scale and the total score of the Beck Anxiety Scale increased. This study found that cognitive distortions of individuals affect their way of expressing emotions and their depression and anxiety levels. The results of our work in helping the individual psychologically can be guiding., Author(s): Nese Mercan [sup.1] , Melisa Bulut [sup.2] , Çigdem Yüksel [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.449492.6, 0000 0004 0386 6643, Faculty of Health Sciences, Child Development Department, Bilecik Seyh Edebali [...]

There is a well-established relationship between self-criticism and depression. This cross-sectional study investigated the roles that rumination, worry, and fears of compassion for self and from others play in this relationship. Undergraduate students and community participants (N = 417; 68% female; mean age 21.42 years [SD = 6.45]) completed online self-report questionnaires measuring self-criticism, depression, rumination, worry, and fears of self-compassion and receiving compassion from others. It was hypothesized that self-criticism would predict depression, partially mediated by rumination and worry, and moderated by fears of compassion for self and from others. The indirect effects of self-criticism on depression through rumination and worry were found to be conditional on levels of fears of compassion for self and from others. Fears of compassion for self and from others magnified the impact of self-criticism on rumination and rumination on depression; and fears of compassion from others magnified the impact of self-criticism on worry. These findings suggest that having high fears of compassion for self and from others potentiates the effect of self-criticism and repetitive negative thinking on depression. Fears of compassion from others and for oneself should be assessed and addressed alongside phenomena such as self-criticism and rumination when working with depression., Author(s): Lara Gama Cavalcanti [sup.1] , Stanley R. Steindl [sup.2] , Marcela Matos [sup.3] , Mark J. Boschen [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.1022.1, 0000 0004 0437 5432, School of Applied [...]

The current study aims to contribute to the psychometric validation of the Self Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ), a measure of self-as-context as conceptualized by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between self-as-context, other psychological flexibility processes, and depressive symptoms. The sample (N = 266; 72.6% women) was obtained through paper-pencil and online collection methods in the general Portuguese population. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analyses, and convergent and divergent analyses were conducted. A mediation analysis of the effects of self-as-distinction and self-as-observer on depression symptoms through openness to experience, behavioral awareness, and valued action (while controlling for brooding) was performed using PROCESS. Items 8, 12 and 15 were removed to achieve the best model fit, which resulted in a 12-item final version of the SEQ. This version appears to be a psychometrically valid two-dimensional measure of self-as-distinction and self-as-observer, as well as a one global measure of self-as-context. Results from mediation analyses suggested that the relationship of self-as-observer and self-as-distinction with depressive symptoms is mediated by the ability to be behaviorally aware and to act according to personal values, but not by the ability to be open to experience. The behaviorally-oriented aspects of psychological flexibility seem to have particular importance on the presentation of depressive symptoms. More studies are nonetheless needed to analyze SEQ's structure and validity in order to attain a consensual version of the questionnaire., Author(s): Sérgio A. Carvalho [sup.1] [sup.2] , Lara Palmeira [sup.1] [sup.3] , Mariana Coutinho [sup.1] , Rosa Barbosa [sup.4] , Inês Trindade [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.8051.c, 0000 0000 9511 [...]

The association of bullous pemphigoid (BP) with anxiety and anxiety-depression comorbidity is yet to be established. We aimed to evaluate the bidirectional association of BP with anxiety, depression, and anxiety-depression comorbidity, and to delineate the epidemiological features of patients with BP and the aforementioned psychiatric comorbidities. A population-based cohort study was performed to assess the risk of anxiety, depression, and anxiety-depression comorbidity among patients with BP (n = 3924) relative to age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched control subjects (n = 19,280). A case-control design was additionally adopted to estimate the odds of BP in individuals with a preexisting diagnosis of these three psychiatric conditions. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by Cox regression and logistic regression, respectively. A history of anxiety (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.31), depression (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.15-1.38), and anxiety-depression comorbidity (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.04-1.35) was associated with subsequent development of BP. In the cohort study design, patients with BP were found to be at an increased overall risk of depression (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.35), while female BP patients had an increased risk of depression (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00-1.42) and anxiety (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.00-1.67). Patients with comorbid BP and depression exhibited a 19% increased all-cause mortality rate (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08-1.31), whereas patients with BP and anxiety-depression comorbidity were less adherent to long-term topical corticosteroid treatment and less frequently managed by adjuvant agents. In conclusion, a history of anxiety, depression, and anxiety-depression comorbidity predisposes individuals to BP, whereas patients with BP are at an increased risk of depression. Clinicians managing patients with anxiety and depression should take the increased risk of BP into consideration, and patients with BP should be monitored for depression., Author(s): Khalaf Kridin [sup.1] [sup.2] , Jennifer E. Hundt [sup.1] , Ralf J. Ludwig [sup.1] , Yochai Schonmann [sup.3] , Arnon D. Cohen [sup.3] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.4562.5, 0000 [...]

To assess the psychological effects of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on medical staff and the general public. During the outbreak of COVID-19, an internet-based questionnaire included The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to assess the impact of the pandemic situation on the mental health of medical staff and general population in Wuhan and its surrounding areas. Among the 1493 questionnaires completed, 827 (55.39%) of these were men, and 422 (28.27%) of these were medical personnel. The results suggest that the outbreak of COVID-19 has affected individuals significantly, the degree of which is related to age, sex, occupation and mental illness. There was a significant difference in PSS-10 and IES-R scores between the medical staff and the general population. The medical staff showed higher PSS-10 scores (16.813 ± 4.87) and IES-R scores (22.40 ± 12.12) compared to members of the general population PSS-10 (14.80 ± 5.60) and IES-R scores (17.89 ± 13.08). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the SDS scores of medical staff (44.52 ± 12.36) and the general public (43.08 ± 11.42). In terms of the need for psychological assistance, 50.97% of interviewees responded that they needed psychological counseling, of which medical staff accounted for 65.87% and non-medical staff accounted for 45.10%. During the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, great attention should be paid to the mental health of the population, especially medical staff, and measures such as psychological intervention should be actively carried out for reducing the psychosocial effects., Author(s): Biao Chen [sup.1] , Qing-xian Li [sup.1] , Heng Zhang [sup.2] , Jia-yong Zhu [sup.1] , Xu Yang [sup.1] , Yu-hang Wu [sup.3] , Jie Xiong [sup.4] , Fu [...]

Home quarantine may lead to families developing a variety of psychological distress. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological status of children and their parent during 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China. Data were collected from children (n = 1360) and their parent (n = 1360) in China using online survey during February 2020. Demographic information, media exposure, and psychological status including anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed using self-report measures. The results indicated that, for children, 1.84% experienced moderate anxiety, 2.22% experienced depression and 3.16% met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD; for parent, 1.18%, 0.01% and 3.60% experienced moderate anxiety, severe depression, and moderate depression, respectively, and 3.53% met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Moreover, excessive media exposure ([beta] = -0.08 ~ 0.13, ps < 0.05) was a risk factor for anxiety and PTSD for children, a positive factor against anxiety and depression for parent. Being a mother ([beta] = 0.07 ~ 0.21, ps < 0.01), being younger ([beta] = -0.09 ~ -0.07, ps < 0.05), lower levels of educational attainment ([beta] = -0.17 ~ -0.08, ps < 0.01) and family monthly income ([beta] = -0.17 ~ -0.11, ps < 0.05) were risk factors for anxiety, depression and PTSD for parent. Findings suggested that children and their parent in non-severe area didn't suffer major psychological distress during the outbreak. Factors associated with lower levels of mental health problems were identified to inform the use of psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the pandemic., Author(s): Jinming Yue [sup.1] , Xueyan Zang [sup.1] , Yunying Le [sup.2] , Yuanyuan An [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.260474.3, 0000 0001 0089 5711, School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, [...]

Self-discrepancy theory posits that people experience emotional vulnerabilities to specific emotions when they have discrepancies between their actual, ideal and ought selves. The purpose of the current study was to test the effect of self-discrepancies (discrepancies between actual self and ideal, ought, and undesired selves) on depression and anxiety in a Turkish population, and to examine the moderator roles of emotion regulation and resilience in the relationship between self-discrepancies and negative emotions. Data were obtained from 729 participants. Results showed that ideal self-discrepancy is related to depression, but not anxiety. However, contrary to self-discrepancy theory (SDT), it was found that ought self-discrepancy is related to depression, but not anxiety. Additionally, undesired self-discrepancy is related to both depression and anxiety. According to moderation analyses resilience - but not emotion regulation - moderates both the relationships between ideal self-discrepancy and depression and undesired self-discrepancy and depression. Finally, both resilience and emotion regulation moderate the relationship between ought self-discrepancy and anxiety. This study presents an examination of SDT in a Turkish population, which is a relatively understudied non-Western culture. Furthermore, it presents the influence of emotion regulation and resilience on self-discrepancies, which enhances the understanding of SDT., Author(s): Derya Gürcan-Yildirim [sup.1] , Tülin Gençöz [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411445.1, 0000 0001 0775 759X, Department of Psychology, Atatürk University, , Erzurum, Turkey (2) grid.6935.9, 0000 0001 1881 7391, [...]

Purpose Long-term mental outcomes in family members of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) intensive care unit (ICU) survivors are unknown. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of mental health symptoms, including associated risk factors, and quality of life (QoL) in family members of COVID-19 ICU survivors 3 and 12 months post-ICU. Methods A prospective multicentre cohort study in ICUs of ten Dutch hospitals, including adult family members of COVID-19 ICU survivors admitted between March 1, and July 1, 2020. Symptom prevalence rates of anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Impact of Event Scale-6), and QoL (Short Form-12) before ICU admission (baseline), and after 3 and 12 months were measured. Additionally, associations between family and patient characteristics and mental health symptoms were calculated. Results A total of 166 out of 197 (84.3%) included family members completed the 12-month follow-up of whom 46.1% and 38.3% had mental health symptoms 3 and 12 months post-ICU, respectively; both higher compared to baseline (22.4%) (p < 0.001). The mental component summary score of the SF-12 was lower at 12-month follow-up compared with baseline [mean difference mental component score: - 5.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) - 7.4 to - 3.6)]. Furthermore, 27.9% experienced work-related problems. Symptoms of anxiety (odds ratio (OR) 9.23; 95% CI 2.296-37.24; p = 0.002) and depression (OR 5.96; 95% CI 1.29-27.42; p = 0.02) prior to ICU admission were identified as risk factors for mental health symptoms after 12 months. Conclusion A considerable proportion of family members of COVID-19 survivors reported mental health symptoms 3 and 12 months after ICU admission, disrupting QoL and creating work-related problems., Author(s): Hidde Heesakkers [sup.1], Johannes G. van der Hoeven [sup.1], Stijn Corsten [sup.2], Inge Janssen [sup.3], Esther Ewalds [sup.4], Dominique Burgers-Bonthuis [sup.5], Thijs C. D. Rettig [sup.6], Crétien Jacobs [sup.7], [...]