47 results on '"Depersonalization drug therapy"'
Search Results
2. Resolution of Acute-Onset Depersonalization/Derealization With Clonazepam and Inpatient Hospitalization.
- Author
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Weber JV, Frizzell W, Bullard KA, and Chien J
- Subjects
- Adult, GABA Modulators therapeutic use, Humans, Inpatients psychology, Male, Clonazepam therapeutic use, Depersonalization drug therapy, Hospitalization
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Features of dissociation differentially predict antidepressant response to ketamine in treatment-resistant depression.
- Author
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Niciu MJ, Shovestul BJ, Jaso BA, Farmer C, Luckenbaugh DA, Brutsche NE, Park LT, Ballard ED, and Zarate CA Jr
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Depersonalization complications, Dissociative Disorders complications, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Bipolar Disorder drug therapy, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depressive Disorder, Major drug therapy, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant drug therapy, Dissociative Disorders drug therapy, Ketamine therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Ketamine induces rapid and robust antidepressant effects, and many patients also describe dissociation, which is associated with antidepressant response. This follow-up study investigated whether antidepressant efficacy is uniquely related to dissociative symptom clusters., Methods: Treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) (n = 126) drawn from three studies received a single subanesthetic (0.5 mg/kg) ketamine infusion. Dissociative effects were measured using the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS). Antidepressant response was measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). A confirmatory factor analysis established the validity of CADSS subscales (derealization, depersonalization, amnesia), and a general linear model with repeated measures was fitted to test whether subscale scores were associated with antidepressant response., Results: Factor validity was supported, with a root mean square error of approximation of .06, a comparative fit index of .97, and a Tucker-Lewis index of .96. Across all studies and timepoints, the depersonalization subscale was positively related to HAM-D percent change. A significant effect of derealization on HAM-D percent change was observed at one timepoint (Day 7) in one study. The amnesia subscale was unrelated to HAM-D percent change., Limitations: Possible inadequate blinding; combined MDD/BD datasets might have underrepresented ketamine's antidepressant efficacy; the possibility of Type I errors in secondary analyses., Conclusions: From a psychometric perspective, researchers may elect to administer only the CADSS depersonalization subscale, given that it was most closely related to antidepressant response. From a neurobiological perspective, mechanistic similarities may exist between ketamine-induced depersonalization and antidepressant response, although off-target effects cannot be excluded., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. [Lamotrigine in the treatment of resistant depersonalization disorder: A case report].
- Author
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Bout A, Berhili N, Benbrahim M, Aalouane R, and Rammouz I
- Subjects
- Deja Vu psychology, Depersonalization psychology, Drug Resistance, Female, Fluoxetine therapeutic use, Humans, Lamotrigine, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Depersonalization drug therapy, Triazines therapeutic use
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Aripiprazole in depersonalization disorder comorbid with major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder: 3 cases.
- Author
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Uguz F and Sahingoz M
- Subjects
- Adult, Aripiprazole, Depersonalization complications, Depressive Disorder, Major complications, Female, Humans, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder complications, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depressive Disorder, Major drug therapy, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder drug therapy, Piperazines therapeutic use, Quinolones therapeutic use
- Abstract
Depersonalization is a frequent symptom in depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but sometimes, it may be severe and concurrently diagnosed as a disorder. The treatment of depersonalization disorder both alone and comorbid with other psychiatric disorders is as yet unclear. This report presents the successful treatment with aripiprazole of concurrent depersonalization disorder in 3 patients with depression or OCD. The psychiatric disorders were diagnosed through structured clinical interviews. Assessments were by means of Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale, and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Aripiprazole may be a beneficial psychotropic drug in the treatment of depersonalization disorder comorbid with OCD or depression, which is an important problem in clinical practice.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Depersonalization and derealization syndrome: report on a case study and pharmacological management.
- Author
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Salgado A, Oliveira L, Sierra-Siegert M, and Salgado JV
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Lamotrigine, Syndrome, Treatment Outcome, Venlafaxine Hydrochloride, Cyclohexanols administration & dosage, Depersonalization drug therapy, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors administration & dosage, Triazines administration & dosage
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Venlafaxine in somatopsychic and autopsychic depersonalization.
- Author
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Preve M, Mula M, Cassano GB, and Pini S
- Subjects
- Agoraphobia complications, Depersonalization complications, Depressive Disorder complications, Humans, Male, Obsessive Behavior complications, Panic Disorder complications, Paroxetine therapeutic use, Retreatment, Trimipramine therapeutic use, Venlafaxine Hydrochloride, Young Adult, Cyclohexanols therapeutic use, Depersonalization drug therapy, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The efficacy of lamotrigine in a resistant case of depersonalization disorder.
- Author
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Rosagro-Escámez F, Gutiérrez-Fernández N, Gómez-Merino P, de la Vega I, and Carrasco JL
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Lamotrigine, Young Adult, Depersonalization drug therapy, Triazines therapeutic use
- Abstract
The individuals with depersonalizattion disorder suffer from a painful feeling that their body and mental experiences or the experiences of the environment seem become unreal, distant or mechanical. This phenomenon is often associated with other mental disorders, as in the case presented. Among the many psychoactive drugs studied, none of them has been shown to be the treatment of choice. Among those with which the best results are obtained are opioid receptor antagonists, the combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with lamotrigine and clorimipramine. We are presenting a resistant case that responded to lamotrigine.
- Published
- 2011
9. Lamotrigine in the immediate treatment of outpatients with depersonalization disorder without psychiatric comorbidity: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
- Author
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Aliyev NA and Aliyev ZN
- Subjects
- Adult, Ambulatory Care methods, Comorbidity, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Lamotrigine, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Ambulatory Care psychology, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depersonalization psychology, Triazines administration & dosage
- Abstract
Objective: Depersonalization disorders (DPDs) are highly prevalent in population. However, the effect of lamotrigine on outpatients with DPD without psychiatric comorbidity has not been studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled design., Method: Eighty patients (all men) were washed out from all medications. Each patient was randomized either to receive lamotrigine (40 patients) for 12 weeks or matched on placebo (40 patients) in a double-blind manner. Eligible participants, in addition to meeting the criteria for DPD from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, were required to be between 18 and 65 years. Response was defined as a 50% reduction in the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. Response effects with lamotrigine and placebo were compared by using analysis of variance and χ² tests. Six patients did not return for at least 1 subsequent assessment, and 74 patients dropped out (36 taking lamotrigine and 38 taking placebo) in the valuables study group., Results: Of the 36 lamotrigine-treated participants, 26 responded by 12 weeks versus 6 of the 38 placebo-treated participants (P < 0.001). The most common and problematic adverse effect in the lamotrigine group was rash., Conclusions: The authors believe this to be the first double-blind placebo-controlled randomization study to test the efficacy of lamotrigine in the management of outpatients with DPDs. These need to be replicated in a larger study group.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Methylphenidate in depersonalization disorder: a case report.
- Author
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Foguet Q, Alvárez MJ, Castells E, and Arrufat F
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Central Nervous System Stimulants therapeutic use, Depersonalization drug therapy, Methylphenidate therapeutic use
- Abstract
The symptom of depersonalization is frequently associated with other mental disorders, physiological effects of substances or medical diseases. However, it is rare that, as in the case presented, the experiences of depersonalization form an isolated entity, a primary depersonalization disorder. Among the many psychoactive drugs studied, none of them has been shown to be the treatment of choice. Among those with which the best results are obtained are opioid receptor antagonists (naloxone and naltrexone), the combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with lamotrigine and clorimipramine. Although with virtually no evidence, we are presenting a case that responded spectacularly to methylphenidate.
- Published
- 2011
11. [Clinical characteristics and treatment of depersonalization disorders].
- Author
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Aliev NA and Aliev ZN
- Subjects
- Humans, Depersonalization diagnosis, Depersonalization drug therapy
- Published
- 2011
12. Cognitive-affective neuroscience of depersonalization.
- Author
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Stein DJ and Simeon D
- Subjects
- Adult, Affect physiology, Brain anatomy & histology, Brain Chemistry, Cognition physiology, Depersonalization diagnosis, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depersonalization therapy, Environment, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Cognitive Science, Depersonalization psychology, Neurosciences
- Abstract
Depersonalization disorder (DPD) is characterized by a subjective sense of detachment from one's own being and a sense of unreality. An examination of the psychobiology of depersonalization symptoms may be useful in understanding the cognitive-affective neuroscience of embodiment. DPD may be mediated by neurocircuitry and neurotransmitters involved in the integration of sensory processing and of the body schema, and in the mediation of emotional experience and the identification of feelings. For example, DPD has been found to involve autonomic blunting, deactivation of sub-cortical structures, and disturbances in molecular systems in such circuitry. An evolutionary perspective suggests that attenuation of emotional responses, mediated by deactivation of limbic structures, may sometimes be advantageous in response to inescapable stress.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Depersonalization disorder: pharmacological approaches.
- Author
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Sierra M
- Subjects
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Depersonalization metabolism, Humans, Narcotic Antagonists pharmacology, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors pharmacology, Depersonalization drug therapy, Narcotic Antagonists therapeutic use, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Abstract
Depersonalization disorder (DPD) is a chronic and distressing condition with a prevalence in the general population between 0.8 and 2%. Several neurobiological studies in the last decade have shown that patients have suppressed limbic activation to emotional stimuli. Such findings are in line with a model which suggests that the condition is generated by an anxiety-triggered, 'hard-wired' inhibitory response to threat. Such a mechanism would ensure the preservation of adaptive behavior, during situations normally associated with overwhelming and potentially disorganizing anxiety. In DPD, such a response would become chronic and dysfunctional. Depersonalization remains a condition for which no definitive treatment exists, and for which conventional medications, such as antidepressants or antipsychotics, have been found to be of little value. Fortunately, a few promising lines of pharmacological treatment have emerged in recent years, although more rigorous studies are needed. For example, a number of studies suggest that opioid receptor antagonists such as naltrexone and naloxone are useful in at least a subgroup of patients. In spite of initial expectations, the use of lamotrigine as a sole medication has not been found useful. However, open-label trials suggest that its use as an add-on treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is beneficial in a substantial number of patients. Similarly, the use of clonazepam, particularly in conjunction with SSRI antidepressants, appears to be beneficial in patients with high levels of background anxiety. In line with the stress-related model of depersonalization, those neurotransmitter systems of relevance to depersonalization are known to play important inhibitory roles in the regulation of the stress response.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Quetiapine: focus on emotional numbing in depersonalization disorder: an fMRI case report.
- Author
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Mancini-Marïe A, Fahim C, Potvin S, Beauregard M, and Stip E
- Subjects
- Adult, Antipsychotic Agents pharmacology, Brain Mapping methods, Depersonalization complications, Depersonalization diagnosis, Dibenzothiazepines pharmacology, Humans, Male, Panic Disorder complications, Quetiapine Fumarate, Self Disclosure, Treatment Outcome, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Brain pathology, Depersonalization drug therapy, Dibenzothiazepines therapeutic use, Emotions drug effects, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Lamotrigine as an add-on treatment for depersonalization disorder: a retrospective study of 32 cases.
- Author
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Sierra M, Baker D, Medford N, Lawrence E, Patel M, Phillips ML, and David AS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Lamotrigine, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Psychological Tests, Retrospective Studies, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors pharmacology, Treatment Outcome, Depersonalization drug therapy, Triazines therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objectives: Depersonalization disorder (DPD) is a chronic condition characterized by the persistent subjective experience of unreality and detachment from the self. To date, there is no known treatment. Lamotrigine as sole agent was not found to be effective in a previous small double-blind, randomized crossover trial. However, evidence from open trials suggests that it may be beneficial as an add-on medication with antidepressants., Methods: We report here an extended series of 32 patients with DPD in whom lamotrigine was prescribed as an augmenting medication. Most of the patients were receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors., Results: Fifty-six percent (n = 18) of patients had a more than or equal to 30% reduction on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale score at follow-up. Both maximum dose of lamotrigine used and before treatment Cambridge Depersonalization Scale scores showed positive correlations with the percentage of response., Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a significant number of patients with DPD may respond to lamotrigine when combined with antidepressant medication. The results are sufficiently positive to prompt a larger controlled evaluation of lamotrigine as "add-on" treatment in DPD.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. [Brief case report. Duloxetine in Cotard syndrome].
- Author
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Kozian R
- Subjects
- Affective Disorders, Psychotic diagnosis, Affective Disorders, Psychotic psychology, Aged, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Benzodiazepines therapeutic use, Citalopram therapeutic use, Delusions diagnosis, Delusions psychology, Depersonalization diagnosis, Depersonalization psychology, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnosis, Depressive Disorder, Major psychology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Duloxetine Hydrochloride, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Olanzapine, Risperidone therapeutic use, Syndrome, Affective Disorders, Psychotic drug therapy, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Delusions drug therapy, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depressive Disorder, Major drug therapy, Thiophenes therapeutic use
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. An open trial of naltrexone in the treatment of depersonalization disorder.
- Author
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Simeon D and Knutelska M
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depersonalization psychology, Naltrexone therapeutic use, Narcotic Antagonists therapeutic use
- Abstract
Depersonalization disorder (DPD) remains one of the few disorders in modern psychiatry for which no treatments are established that are even partially effective, whether pharmacological or psychotherapeutic. Depersonalization disorder is a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition dissociative disorder characterized by a pervasive subjective sense of unreality and detachment with intact reality testing. Two recent controlled medication trials, one with lamotrigine and one with fluoxetine, failed to show efficacy. There is some evidence for dysregulation of endogenous opioid systems in depersonalization, and a few studies have suggested that opioid antagonists may have efficacy in the treatment of dissociation and depersonalization symptoms. In this prospective open treatment trial, 14 subjects were recruited and treated with naltrexone for 6 weeks to a maximum dose of 100 mg/d (first 7 subjects) or 10 weeks to a maximum dose of 250 mg/d (next 7 subjects). Mean naltrexone dose was 120 mg/d. There was an average 30% reduction of symptoms with treatment, as measured by 3 validated dissociation scales. Three patients were very much improved, and 1 patient was much improved with naltrexone treatment. These findings are potentially promising in a highly treatment-refractory disorder for which no treatment guidelines exist and warrant a randomized controlled trial.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. [Chronic depersonalisation following cannabis use].
- Author
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Peeters FP
- Subjects
- Adult, Chronic Disease, Depersonalization drug therapy, Humans, Male, Treatment Outcome, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Depersonalization diagnosis, Depersonalization etiology, Marijuana Abuse complications
- Abstract
A 19-year-old patient had developed a depersonalisation disorder following the use of considerable amounts of cannabis for several weeks two years before. The symptoms decreased sharply after treatment with a serotonergic antidepressant. In cases of persistent or recurrent symptoms of depersonalisation, both psychiatric and somatic causes should be looked for. In cases of primary depersonalisation, the use of (soft) drugs should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Various forms of pharmaco- and psychotherapy seem to be able to reduce the symptoms. However, the effectiveness of no treatment has yet been proven.
- Published
- 2005
19. Fluoxetine therapy in depersonalisation disorder: randomised controlled trial.
- Author
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Simeon D, Guralnik O, Schmeidler J, and Knutelska M
- Subjects
- Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Fluoxetine adverse effects, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors adverse effects, Treatment Outcome, Depersonalization drug therapy, Fluoxetine therapeutic use, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Despite anecdotal reports that serotonin reuptake inhibitors may improve depersonalisation, there is no proven efficacious treatment for depersonalisation disorder., Aims: To investigate the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of depersonalisation disorder., Method: Fifty-four people who met DSM-IV criteria for depersonalisation disorder were recruited through newspaper advertisements, and 50 were randomised to a 10-week, double-blind trial of fluoxetine 10-60 mg/day or placebo. Primary outcome measures were the Dissociative Experiences Scale-Depersonalisation Factor, the Depersonalization Severity Scale and the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale., Results: Intention-to-treat analysis revealed that fluoxetine (mean dosage 48 mg/day) was not superior to placebo except for a clinically minimal but statistically significantly greater improvement in CGI-I score in the fluoxetine group prior to covarying for anxiety and depression (2.9 v. 3.6). Depersonalisation was significantly more likely to improve if comorbid anxiety disorder improved., Conclusions: Fluoxetine was not efficacious in treating depersonalisation disorder, despite the commonly reported clinical use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for this condition.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Adjunctive citalopram is effective on hallucinations and depersonalization symptoms: a case report.
- Author
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Di Michele V and Bolino F
- Subjects
- Adult, Drug Therapy, Combination, Humans, Male, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Benzodiazepines therapeutic use, Citalopram therapeutic use, Depersonalization complications, Depersonalization drug therapy, Hallucinations complications, Hallucinations drug therapy, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of lamotrigine in depersonalization disorder.
- Author
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Sierra M, Phillips ML, Ivin G, Krystal J, and David AS
- Subjects
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Antidepressive Agents adverse effects, Antidepressive Agents blood, Cross-Over Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Lamotrigine, Male, Pilot Projects, Treatment Outcome, Triazines adverse effects, Triazines blood, Antidepressive Agents administration & dosage, Depersonalization drug therapy, Triazines administration & dosage
- Abstract
There is evidence to support the view that glutamate hyperactivity might be relevant to the neurobiology of depersonalization. We tested the efficacy of lamotrigine, which reduces glutamate release, as a treatment for patients with depersonalization disorder. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design was used to evaluate 12 weeks of treatment of lamotrigine. Subjects comprised nine patients with DSM-IV depersonalization disorder. Changes on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale and the Present State Examination depersonalization/derealization items were compared across the two cross-over periods. Lamotrigine was not significantly superior to placebo. None of the nine patients was deemed a responder to the lamotrigine arm of the cross-over. Lamotrigine does not seem to be useful as a sole medication in the treatment of depersonalization disorder.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Coexistence of Capgras and Frégoli syndromes in a single patient. Clinical, neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings.
- Author
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Lykouras L, Typaldou M, Gournellis R, Vaslamatzis G, and Christodoulou GN
- Subjects
- Adult, Benzodiazepines, Capgras Syndrome diagnosis, Capgras Syndrome drug therapy, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Depersonalization diagnosis, Depersonalization drug therapy, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Olanzapine, Pirenzepine therapeutic use, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use, Severity of Illness Index, Syndrome, Wechsler Scales, Brain anatomy & histology, Capgras Syndrome complications, Cognition Disorders complications, Depersonalization complications, Pirenzepine analogs & derivatives, Self Concept, Single Parent
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Citalopram-Clonazepam combination for primary depersonalization disorder: a case report.
- Author
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Sachdev P
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Citalopram therapeutic use, Clonazepam therapeutic use, Depersonalization drug therapy, GABA Modulators therapeutic use, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Lamotrigine in the treatment of depersonalization disorder.
- Author
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Sierra M, Phillips ML, Lambert MV, Senior C, David AS, and Krystal JH
- Subjects
- Adult, Chronic Disease, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Lamotrigine, Male, Treatment Outcome, Triazines adverse effects, Depersonalization drug therapy, Triazines therapeutic use
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Pitch perception shift: a rare side-effect of carbamazepine.
- Author
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Kobayashi T, Nisijima K, Ehara Y, Otsuka K, and Kato S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Antidepressive Agents blood, Antidepressive Agents pharmacokinetics, Antipsychotic Agents blood, Antipsychotic Agents pharmacokinetics, Carbamazepine blood, Carbamazepine pharmacokinetics, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Antidepressive Agents adverse effects, Antipsychotic Agents adverse effects, Carbamazepine adverse effects, Depersonalization drug therapy, Dysthymic Disorder drug therapy, Pitch Perception drug effects
- Abstract
Carbamazepine-induced pitch perception shifts have rarely been described. Two cases of shifted pitch perception developing during medication with carbamazepine are described. Case 1 possessed absolute pitch. Her pitch perception shift disappeared with the discontinuance of carbamazepine. Case 2 did not have absolute pitch. Even though he experienced a pitch perception shift, he developed a tolerance to the shift. We concluded that carbamazepine was the cause of the pitch perception shift in the first case, while the second case probably became attuned to the change in pitch perception because he did not possess absolute pitch.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Effect of naloxone therapy on depersonalization: a pilot study.
- Author
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Nuller YL, Morozova MG, Kushnir ON, and Hamper N
- Subjects
- Adult, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Depersonalization blood, Female, Glucocorticoids blood, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depersonalization psychology, Naloxone therapeutic use, Narcotic Antagonists therapeutic use
- Abstract
To test the hypothesis of the role for the opioid system in the pathogenesis of depersonalization, the effect of naloxone (an opioid receptor blocker) on the symptoms and corticosteroids secretion was studied in patients with depersonalization syndrome. Fourteen depersonalization patients were treated with naloxone: 11 patients received single doses (1.6 or 4 mg i.v.) and three others received multiple infusions, with the maximal dosage being 10 mg, and the effect of naloxone on symptom severity was determined. In eight patients, the cortisol, cortisone and corticosterone content in the blood plasma was determined prior to and after the 4 mg naloxone infusion. A reversed-phase microcolumn high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection was applied for assessment of glucocorticoids. In three of 14 patients, depersonalization symptoms disappeared entirely and seven patients showed a marked improvement. The therapeutic effect of naloxone provides evidence for the role of the endogenous opioid system in the pathogenesis of depersonalization.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Development of a depersonalization severity scale.
- Author
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Simeon D, Guralnik O, and Schmeidler J
- Subjects
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation therapeutic use, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic therapeutic use, Clomipramine therapeutic use, Depersonalization drug therapy, Desipramine therapeutic use, Discriminant Analysis, Female, Fluoxetine therapeutic use, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Observer Variation, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Depersonalization classification, Depersonalization diagnosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales standards, Severity of Illness Index
- Abstract
Our aim was to develop a clinician-rated scale assessing depersonalization severity for use in clinical trials of Depersonalization Disorder and trauma-related disorders in general. The 6-item Depersonalization Severity Scale (DSS) was administered to 63 participants with DSM-IV Depersonalization Disorder as diagnosed by the SCID-D, and its psychometric properties were examined. The sensitivity of the DSS and of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) to treatment change was assessed in blinded, controlled settings. Individual items were widely distributed across the severity range. Interrater reliability was excellent and internal consistency was moderate. The DSS had high convergent and discriminant validity and was sensitive to treatment change. The DES was also sensitive to treatment change. We recommend piloting the DSS in future treatment trials of trauma-spectrum disorders.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Paroxetine for depersonalization associated with multiple sclerosis.
- Author
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Ströhle A, Kümpfel T, and Sonntag A
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis, Multiple Sclerosis psychology, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depersonalization etiology, Multiple Sclerosis complications, Paroxetine therapeutic use, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Treatment of depersonalization disorder with clomipramine.
- Author
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Simeon D, Stein DJ, and Hollander E
- Subjects
- Adult, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Single-Blind Method, Clomipramine therapeutic use, Depersonalization drug therapy, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Although there is a dire paucity of data on the pharmacologic treatment of depersonalization disorder, there have been a few reports in the literature suggesting that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be of therapeutic benefit. In this study, we undertook to evaluate the efficacy of the potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor clomipramine in treating depersonalization., Methods: Eight subjects with DSM-III-R depersonalization disorder were entered into a double-blind crossover trial consisting of 8 weeks desipramine and 8 weeks clomipramine. Due to the very small size of the trial findings are presented descriptively., Results: Of 7 subjects who entered the clomipramine trial, two showed significant improvement in depersonalization. Three subjects dropped out early, unable to tolerate adverse effects. Of 6 subjects who entered the desipramine trial, I showed significant improvement in depersonalization. One clomipramine responder was subsequently followed in open maintenance treatment with clomipramine for 4 years, and her depersonalization symptoms remained in almost complete remission, with relapses upon each attempt to taper off or switch medication., Conclusions: Clomipramine may be a promising pharmacologic treatment for primary depersonalization disorder and warrants further investigation.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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30. Depersonalization treated with fluoxetine.
- Author
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Ratliff NB and Kerski D
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Treatment Outcome, Depersonalization drug therapy, Fluoxetine therapeutic use
- Published
- 1995
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31. The use of fluoxetine and buspirone for treatment-refractory depersonalization disorder.
- Author
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Abbas S, Chandra PS, and Srivastava M
- Subjects
- Adult, Depersonalization psychology, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Buspirone therapeutic use, Depersonalization drug therapy, Fluoxetine therapeutic use, Serotonin Receptor Agonists therapeutic use, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Published
- 1995
32. Treatment of depersonalization disorder and associated depression with electroconvulsive therapy.
- Author
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Ordas DM and Ritchie EC
- Subjects
- Adult, Combined Modality Therapy, Depersonalization diagnosis, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depressive Disorder complications, Depressive Disorder diagnosis, Fluoxetine therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Depersonalization etiology, Depressive Disorder therapy, Electroconvulsive Therapy
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. ["Ecstasy"-induced psychotic depersonalization syndrome].
- Author
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Wodarz N and Böning J
- Subjects
- 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine adverse effects, Adult, Combined Modality Therapy, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depersonalization psychology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Fluvoxamine administration & dosage, Fluvoxamine adverse effects, Humans, Lorazepam administration & dosage, Lorazepam adverse effects, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Psychoses, Substance-Induced drug therapy, Suicide psychology, Suicide Prevention, 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine analogs & derivatives, Depersonalization chemically induced, Designer Drugs adverse effects, Psychoses, Substance-Induced psychology
- Abstract
The 'designer drug' 3,4-methylenedioxy-metamphetamine (MDMA; 'Ecstasy'), which has become increasingly popular in the past few years, is supposed to induce a feeling of euphoria with amphetamine-like stimulant effects. It was for some time considered harmless, but neurotoxic effects on serotonergic neurons are now well documented. To supplement case reports on different drug-induced psychopathological and somatic complications published in recent literature, the case of a 21-year-old female patient is reported, who exhibited a protracted psychotic depersonalization disorder with suicidal tendency after the first intake of two tablets of "ecstasy". In the course of six months the symptoms remitted only gradually despite administration of a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, 'flash-backs' occurring repeatedly.
- Published
- 1993
34. Fluoxetine in depersonalization disorder.
- Author
-
Fichtner CG, Horevitz RP, and Braun BG
- Subjects
- Aged, Depersonalization psychology, Humans, Male, Depersonalization drug therapy, Fluoxetine therapeutic use
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Treatment of depersonalization with serotonin reuptake blockers.
- Author
-
Hollander E, Liebowitz MR, DeCaria C, Fairbanks J, Fallon B, and Klein DF
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Clomipramine therapeutic use, Depersonalization psychology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Fluoxetine therapeutic use, Fluvoxamine, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oximes therapeutic use, Panic drug effects, Depersonalization drug therapy, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder drug therapy, Serotonin Antagonists therapeutic use
- Abstract
Eight patients with depersonalization disorder or with depersonalization symptoms in association with obsessive-compulsive and panic disorders were treated with serotonin reuptake blockers. There was clinical overlap of depersonalization disorder with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive and panic features with depersonalization in these patients was associated with a favorable treatment outcome. The chronicity of illness and lack of prior response to a variety of treatments in these patients highlights the positive outcome with this treatment. In addition, issues are raised regarding the current hierarchical exclusion of depersonalization disorder in the presence of obsessive-compulsive and panic disorders.
- Published
- 1990
36. Letter: Alternative treatments for depersonalization.
- Author
-
Torch EM
- Subjects
- Depersonalization drug therapy, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Humans, Depersonalization therapy
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Desipramine: a possible treatment for depersonalization disorder.
- Author
-
Noyes R Jr, Kuperman S, and Olson SB
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders drug therapy, Humans, Male, Depersonalization drug therapy, Desipramine therapeutic use
- Abstract
Primary depersonalization disorder is believed to be resistant to treatment. However, we report the successful treatment of a case with desipramine and suggest that, because there is a link between depersonalization and anxiety disorders, tricyclic antidepressants may prove effective for depersonalization.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Mania occurring during treatment for depersonalization: a report of two cases.
- Author
-
Liebowitz MR, McGrath PJ, and Bush SC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Antidepressive Agents adverse effects, Bipolar Disorder chemically induced, Depersonalization drug therapy, Female, Humans, Methamphetamine adverse effects, Psychoses, Substance-Induced etiology, Bipolar Disorder etiology, Depersonalization complications
- Abstract
Severe depersonalization at times constitutes a chronic and disabling syndrome for which there is no generally established etiology or treatment. Two cases in which young female patients with severe depersonalization became floridly manic in response to stimulant and antidepressant drug treatment are reported, and the clinical and theoretical implications of these phenomena are discussed.
- Published
- 1980
39. Depersonalization.
- Author
-
Lehmann LS
- Subjects
- Adrenal Insufficiency complications, Adult, Anger, Anxiety, Cannabis, Chlorpromazine therapeutic use, Compulsive Behavior, Defense Mechanisms, Dissociative Disorders, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pituitary Neoplasms complications, Psychoanalytic Theory, Schizotypal Personality Disorder complications, Substance-Related Disorders complications, Trifluoperazine therapeutic use, Depersonalization complications, Depersonalization diagnosis, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depersonalization etiology, Depersonalization therapy
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Pharmacological dissection of panic and depersonalization.
- Author
-
Hollander E, Fairbanks J, Decaria C, and Liebowitz MR
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Alprazolam therapeutic use, Anxiety Disorders drug therapy, Anxiety Disorders psychology, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depersonalization psychology, Female, Fluoxetine therapeutic use, Humans, Imipramine therapeutic use, Manuals as Topic standards, Anxiety Disorders complications, Depersonalization complications, Fear, Panic
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Self-induced depersonalization syndrome.
- Author
-
Kennedy RB Jr
- Subjects
- Adult, Affective Symptoms complications, Antipsychotic Agents adverse effects, Anxiety etiology, Depersonalization drug therapy, Humans, Male, Phenothiazines, Wakefulness, Yoga, Consciousness, Depersonalization etiology, Relaxation Therapy
- Abstract
The author reports two cases in which depersonalization occurred during the waking consciousness of individuals who had engaged in meditative techniques designed to alter consciousness. Psychiatrists should be aware of this phenomenon, as the number organizations in the "consciousness movement" is increasing, and should ask people manifesting depersonalization about any involvement in activities leading to altered states of consciousness. In some cases it might be appropriate to refer such patients to responsible groups that teach altered consciousness by meditation as an egosyntonic desirable state. The author cautions against the use of phenothiazines in cases where depersonalization is a prominent feature.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Depersonalisation--symptoms, meaning, therapy.
- Author
-
Nuller YL
- Subjects
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders psychology, Bipolar Disorder psychology, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depressive Disorder psychology, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Hypochondriasis psychology, Male, Middle Aged, Anti-Anxiety Agents therapeutic use, Benzodiazepines, Benzodiazepinones therapeutic use, Clozapine therapeutic use, Depersonalization psychology, Dibenzazepines therapeutic use
- Abstract
The manifestation of depersonalisation, its relationship with anxiety and depression, as well as its influence on the course of endogenous psychoses were investigated. Forty patients with severe depersonalisation were treated with the benzodiazepine, phenazepam, and 14 with clozapine. The data indicate that depersonalisation results from anxiety; it follows an anxiety attack and is successfully treated with anxiolytic drugs. In the case of endogenous depression, depersonalisation leads to lingering depressive phase, increasing the patients' resistance to antidepressive therapy. The protective and the harmful role of depersonalisation is discussed.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Depersonalization disorder: effects of caffeine and response to pharmacotherapy.
- Author
-
Stein MB and Uhde TW
- Subjects
- Adult, Depersonalization drug therapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Caffeine, Carbamazepine administration & dosage, Clonazepam administration & dosage, Depersonalization diagnosis, Fear drug effects, Panic drug effects
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Lycanthropy revisited.
- Author
-
Surawicz FG and Banta R
- Subjects
- Adult, Delusions drug therapy, Delusions history, Depersonalization drug therapy, Hallucinations drug therapy, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Male, Schizophrenia, Paranoid complications, Superstitions, Thioridazine therapeutic use, Trifluoperazine therapeutic use, Delusions etiology, Depersonalization etiology, Neurocognitive Disorders complications, Psychoses, Substance-Induced complications
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Koro in an Anglo-Saxon Canadian.
- Author
-
Ede A
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Adult, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Anxiety, Castration drug therapy, Canada, Culture, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depersonalization etiology, England ethnology, Humans, Male, Penis, Phenothiazines, Schizophrenia complications, Schizophrenia drug therapy, Surgical Procedures, Operative adverse effects, Anxiety, Castration etiology, Ethnicity
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. [Mesoridazine (TPS 23 Sandoz) in acute psychotic states].
- Author
-
Jost F and Zmorski T
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Aggression drug therapy, Clinical Trials as Topic, Depersonalization drug therapy, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Hallucinations drug therapy, Humans, Male, Mesoridazine administration & dosage, Mutism drug therapy, Schizophrenia drug therapy, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders drug therapy, Mesoridazine therapeutic use, Psychotic Disorders drug therapy
- Published
- 1973
47. Depersonalization and the use of LSD: a psychodynamic study.
- Author
-
Waltzer H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Aggression, Anxiety Disorders drug therapy, Attitude, Body Image, Cognition Disorders etiology, Conflict, Psychological, Depersonalization complications, Depersonalization drug therapy, Depersonalization etiology, Depression drug therapy, Emotions, Female, Hallucinations chemically induced, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide therapeutic use, Male, Motivation, Schizophrenia drug therapy, Self Concept, Suicide Prevention, Depersonalization chemically induced, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide adverse effects, Substance-Related Disorders
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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