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The physical demands of professional female football have intensified in recent years. Supplements are only advised in addition to a healthy, balanced diet, but may warrant a greater prevalence in the professional game to support well-being, recovery, and performance. Supplements used by players should be safe, legal, and scientifically proven to be effective. An individual approach should be taken to using supplements dependant on the needs and goals of the player. Female players should aim to improve the frequency of protein intake throughout the day, whilst tailoring doses to individual body mass. Vitamin D supplementation is vital throughout the winter months in countries with limited sun exposure, however doses should be administered based on individual blood test results. Iron is likely to be important to the well-being of female athletes throughout the season, in particular during the menses. Omega-3 and collagen may be of greater benefit to female than male athletes during recovery from soft tissue injury, whilst probiotics and creatine are beneficial throughout the season for reducing risk of illness and optimising recovery, respectively. Ergogenic supplements for football include beta-alanine, nitrate and caffeine. Caution should be taken with caffeine use due to the varying tolerance of difference athletes and sleep impairments that can follow.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of monetary policy using Islamic or non-Islamic money supply on FDI in Jordan. Using time series analysis of selected variables during the period 1980 until 2018 using the ARDL model. The objective achieved the appropriate statistical tests such as data stability and co-integration tests have been used. The variables analyzed include the money supply (M2), the Islamic money supply (IMS), the export (EXP), Government Expenditure (GOV), inflation rate (INR), The gross domestic product (GDP) as independent variables. The dependant variable is the foreign direct investment (FDI). This study results in a long-term and short-term statistically significant correlation between the money supply (M2), the Islamic money supply (IMS) and FDI. The Islamic money supply (IMS) has a positive impact and the money supply (M2) has a negative impact on the FDI. The study recommended; the Jordanian government must implement a targeted Islamic monetary policy to attract foreign direct investment in the Jordanian economy. Provide an appropriate environment for investment and to remove the obstacles to investment in general, in order to attract the capital of Jordanians working abroad for domestic investment, as well as for foreign investments.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and predict the key factors that influenced the usage intention of over the top (OTT) services by consumers. This was done by applying the modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) model. Design/methodology/approach An online survey questionnaire assessed the proposed motivational factors for the adoption of OTT services. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were conducted on collected data (n = 598) to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the measurement and structural model. Findings The model consisted of nine factors, namely, value expectancy (VE), ease of effort (EE), social influence (SI), favourable infrastructure conditions (FIC), hedonistic motivation for usage (HMU), favourable economic position (FEP), content quality (CQ), habitual behaviour (HB) and security conditions (SC). SC, VE, SI, HB and EE were the antecedent variables. FEP, CQ and FIC were the mediating variables and HMU was the dependant variable. SI and CQ of OTT services were positively associated with HMU of OTT services, FEP had no significant effects on HMU. The results also supported the explanatory strength and predictability of UTAUT2 as a model. It further extended UTAUT2 boundaries and paved the way for an extended UTAUT2 model to be developed. Originality/value The promising role of OTT services in the entertainment and media industry had gained consumer attention, however, limited empirical investigations had been conducted on explicating how user attitude and usage intention were shaped regarding the use of OTT services in the Indian context. This study served as one of the first attempts to empirically examine the adoption process, with implications for the HMU regarding OTT services. This was one of the first studies to extend the UTAUT2 theoretical model.

Government Resource Planning (GRP) system is a solution for managing all the resources that exist in government, namely people, technology, and business processes in it. This study aims to analyses how the acceptance of the Service and Licensing Information System for the Public (SIMPATIK) in the Investment Board and Integrated Licensing (DPMPTSP) of West Java Province. This study uses UTAUT 2 model that consist of six independent variables and two dependant variables. The relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is moderated by age, gender, and experience variables. The data used are primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires online to 42 DPMPTSP employees that using SIMPATIK. The hypothesis was tested with the SmartPLS and SPSS applications. The results show from a total of 14 hypotheses there are 3 hypotheses that have a significant or acceptable effect, while 11 other hypotheses are not significant or cannot be accepted.

The success of data-driven maintenance is strongly dependant on effective use of AI and multi-structured data sources. Introducing and integrating an AI-enhanced methodology in reliability-centred maintenance study of complex production systems leads to reducing failure rates and optimizing availability. In manufacturing enterprises, information about machine failures and expert knowledge are often stored in digital shift books (DSB). This paper introduces a transferable and scalable AI-enhanced methodology for DSB in automotive industry, which enhances Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) by optimizing availability through reducing the Mean Failure Detection Time (MFDT). Experimental investigations in the use-case suggest an OEE increase by over 5%.

Background: Health care renunciation aims to identify unmet care needs that a health con­dition would have justified. This behavior appears to be more common in women than in men. The objective of this work was to analyze the determinants of the health care renuncia­tion among women in the city of Abidjan. Subjects and Method: We carried out a cross-sectional study from March to May 2019 in Anonkoi-3, a peri-urban district of the muni­cipality of Abobo, in the north of the city of Abidjan. Questionnaires served to collect infor­mations. Bivariate analyzes and a multiple logistic regression were used to measure the association between the different types of renunciation and the characteristics of women. Dependant variable was healthcare renuncia­tion. Independent variables were socio-demo­graphic, economic, health status characte­ristics and reasons for renouncing to health care. Results: The population sample consisted of 423 women (with mean age= 32; SD= 12 years). The renunciation on consultations with the general practitioner concerned, 72.34% of women. Regarding consultation with the spe­cialist, the ophthalmologist (25.05%), the dentist (21.99%), and the gynecologist (14.89%) were those mostly renounced by the women. After consultation, 31.2% of them renounced to pursuing other treatment. They most often renounced to buying drugs from conventional medicine (19.62%) and preferred to use street drugs and traditional drugs (87.71%). All things being equal, women aged 28 to 38 (OR= 2.45; 95% CI= 1.31 to 4.68; p= 0.013), artisans and traders (OR= 3.22; 95% CI= 1.48 to 7.38; p= 0.004) and those in trade learning (OR= 2.42; 95% CI= 1.12 to 5.49; p= 0.028) significantly renouncing more on health care. Conclusion: In addition to financial reasons, the renunciation on health care can be explained by individual and social behaviors specific to individuals. Keyword s : women, healthcare renunciation, precariousness, social inequalities, ivory coast Correspondence: Jerome Kouame, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Department of Public Health, Hydrology and Toxicology, University Felix Houphouet Boigny, BPV 34 Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast. Email: jerome.kouamejj­@­gmail.­com. Mobile: 0022565237900. Journal of Health Policy and Management (2021), 06(02): 116-129 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2021.06.02.04

The presence of organisations in Online Social Networks (OSNs) has motivated malicious users to look for attack vectors, which are then used to increase the possibility of carrying out successful attacks and obtaining either private information or access to the organisation. This article hypothesised that organisations have specific languages that their members use in OSNs, which malicious users could potentially use to carry out an impersonation attack. To prove these specific languages, we propose two tasks: classifying tweets in isolation by their author’s organisation and classifying users’ entire timelines by organisation. To accomplish both tasks, we generate a dataset of over 15 million tweets of five organisations, and we apply language dependant models to test our hypothesis. Our results and the ablation study conclude that it is possible to classify tweets and users by organisation with more than three times the performance achieved by a traditional ML algorithm, showing a substantial potential for predicting the linguistic style of tweets.

Introduction. Consumer behavior as an economic behavior of the individual needs to be studied based on the distinctive features of the Ukrainian market and the Ukrainian mentality. However, there is a shortage of standardized instruments to diagnose different aspects of individuals' economic activity, in particular their consumer behavior. Aim. To develop and test validity and reliability of the psychodiagnostic instrument "Students' Consumer Behavior" as well as standardize the data on a sample of adolescents. Methods. The author's Students' Consumer Behavior and Daily Purchases questionnaires and the R. Yanov-Bulman Basic Beliefs Scale questionnaire (adapted by O. Kravtsova). Results. Students' consumer behavior includes: rational distribution of budget, following the opinion of other people and advertising, flexibility in mking purchases, buying as a getting of the wished. It has been found that the tendency of students to make a rational distribution of money is associated with limited monthly expenses (up to 4,000 hryvnias), while the tendency to follow other people's opinions or advertisements when buying goods is associated with a young age, female gender, lower unplanned expences, limited means of subsistence (less than 4,000 hryvnias per month) and the dependant's status. The flexibility in making purchases is more developed in students who make purchases on their own. Young students (up to 20 years) or those who depend on their parents have a tendency to buy goods to meet their needs. Conclusions. The validation and reliability testing procedures used by the author have shown high reliability in measuring different aspects of young people's consumer behavior. The proposed scales measure the aspects of consumer behavior that are relevant to age, gender, independence of purchases, monthly expenses, students' dependence status (being financially dependent/independent of parents), etc. Young people tend not to follow other people's opinions and/or buy goods to meet their own needs as their self-control grows.

A partir de las bases fundacionales del derecho administrativo como disciplina jurídica, se examinan dos problemáticas surgidas como consecuencia de la pandemia por la Covid 19, relacionadas con el control y la eficacia de sendas medidas adoptadas por las autoridades desde el esquema metodológico de la proporcionalidad. Se pretende demostrar que la legalidad administrativa es una construcción que depende de los sectores de referencia y de los bienes jurídicos comprometidos por la actuación estatal, y que las competencias constitucionales no son estáticas o absolutas cuando se deben enfrentar circunstancias excepcionales.

For astronomers to make a significant contribution to the reduction of climate change-inducing greenhouse gas emissions, we first must quantify the sources of our emissions and review the most effective approaches for reducing them. Here we estimate that Australian astronomers’ total greenhouse gas emissions from their regular work activities are ≳25 ktCO2e yr–1 (equivalent kilotonnes of carbon dioxide per year). This can be broken into ~15 ktCO2e yr–1 from supercomputer usage, ~4.2 ktCO2e yr–1 from flights (where individuals’ flight emissions correlate with seniority), >3.3 ktCO2e yr–1 from the operation of observatories, and 2.6 ± 0.4 ktCO2e yr–1 from powering office buildings. Split across faculty scientists, postdoctoral researchers and PhD students, this averages to ≳37 tCO2e yr–1 per astronomer, more than 40% greater than the average Australian non-dependant’s emissions in total, and equivalent to around five times the global average. To combat these environmentally unsustainable practices, we suggest that astronomers should strongly preference the use of supercomputers, observatories and office spaces that are predominantly powered by renewable energy sources. Where current facilities do not meet this requirement, their funders should be lobbied to invest in renewables, such as solar or wind farms. Air travel should also be reduced wherever possible, replaced primarily by video conferencing, which should also promote inclusivity. Australian astronomers generate more greenhouse emissions than the average Australian citizen, thereby exacerbating the climate crisis. By quantifying contributions from different activities such as supercomputing and air travel, as presented here, astronomers can focus on reducing emissions by changing their practices in the most critical areas.

Over the last decades, technological advances have allowed the capturing of travel behaviour at large-scale. Despite the unprecedented volume and the variety of personal mobility data, aggregate Origin-Destination (OD) matrices are still the most widespread means to organise and represent travel demand. Nonetheless, standard ODs cannot adequately capture significant elements affecting travel behaviour such as trip-interdependency and trip-chaining, therefore they are not particularly suitable for travel behaviour analysis at person-level. The currently presented modelling framework enables the in-depth study of personal mobility by firstly combining the trips present in OD matrices into home-based trip-chains (i.e. tours) and subsequently into sequences of activities (activity schedules). The above-mentioned process is completed based on advanced graph-theoretical and combinatorial optimisation concepts. The applicability of the methodology is meticulously verified through a large-scale test case where a set of multi-period, purpose dependant ODs is converted into realistic activity schedules able to incorporate more than 99% of the inputted travel demand. The accurate and highly detailed results showcase the significant potential of the proposed methodology to support the comprehensive analysis of travel behaviour at person level.

En este artículo presentamos una investigación en la que nos aproximamos a diversas maneras en las que una traducción puede reflejar o subvertir ciertas visiones de la mujer, propias tanto de la cultura fuente como de la cultura meta. Nos centramos en textos audiovisuales, específicamente en los subtítulos de series, donde las particularidades técnicas y la participación de un amplio número de profesionales hacen que surjan nuevos y cambiantes equilibrios en este sentido. En particular, nos interesa un tipo puntual de fragmentos discursivos: los términos peyorativos dirigidos a las mujeres, ya que estos responden, en gran medida, a construcciones culturales diferentes entre los públicos de partida y de llegada. Como indica De Marco (2009), entre las maneras de manifestar rechazo hacia otra persona o comunidad, se pueden reproducir estereotipos y estructuras estáticas que llegan a ser marcadamente sexistas. Por eso, hacemos un análisis de los subtítulos en español latinoamericano para este tipo de enunciados, usados en la primera temporada de la serie Orange is the new black (Ko­han, 2013), emitida en Netflix. Además. estudiamos si reflejan tendencias de la traducción en la cultura meta, usan “equivalencias” fosilizadas o presentan opciones innovadoras.

Inherited thalassaemia disease is commonly found in many countries of the world. Care of the disease requires comprehensive management strategies comprising of clinical management of both transfusion dependant thalassaemia (TDT) and non-transfusion dependant thalassaemia (NTDT). It also includes preventive measures such as screening programmes and genetic counseling in order to contain the genetic transmission. At the moment, the only cure is through haematopoeitic stem cell transplant (HSCT). This report illustrates thalassaemia disease prevalence in the Terengganu state and the evolution of care since National Thalassaemia Programme was launched in 2009.

Comprehensive models were developed to predict waste generation for different collection streams. Taking into account the dwelling-type distribution encountered during the different waste collections, it was possible to better capture the waste generation variability. Using the same approach, collection and transportation cost models were also developed. This series of models were validated using data from the Urban Agglomeration of Montreal (UAM), which is composed of 33 districts with widely different scales of population and dwelling characteristics. The unknown parameters of the models were identified through mean square regressions applied on the real data available for the case-study. For example, values of 1.364, 1.019 and 0.500 t/(dwelling.yr) were identified for the total quantity of wastes generated in single-family, duplex and other dwelling, respectively. Using the same approach, it was possible to determine collection time as a function of the dwelling-type distribution along the collection route. Values of 28.7 s, 11.4 s and 5.22 s were identified as the collection time per dwelling for single-family, duplex and other dwelling, respectively. Equipped with a combination of fitted parameters and reported values from the literature, the models were used as predictive tools. Three features are illustrated in this paper: 1) the simulation of various scales for the generation, diversion and specific collection cost; 2) the effect of adding a new collection stream; 3) the effect of an increase of the citizen participation to a specific collection stream. Predicted results enable decision-makers to have access to very useful information.

Traditionally, the role of midwives has been to be with women throughout the pregnancy continuum, from conception until the end of the postnatal period. Midwives, however, have been named as key providers of abortion services. While freedom of conscience is legally protected within Europe, discrepancies exist between midwifery and conscientious objection to abortion-related services. Midwives are largely ignored within the academic discussion despite the care and support they give to women undergoing abortions. Those discrepancies led to the aim of this article to address this issue by discussing some of the key ethical and legal concepts that are relevant to midwives’ role in the provision of abortion services. This article shows that the decision to provide or object to abortion services remains ethically very complex because arguments exist both for and against its provision. Being with women can be interpreted differently and individual situations of care are multifaceted. Conscientious objection to abortion services is a highly contentious issue that has an overall importance to midwives. Noting that decisions are individual, may change or may be situationally dependant; a definitive position of midwives for or against conscientious objection cannot be assumed. Respecting conscience and acknowledging that there are various arguments for and against conscientious objection promotes widespread understanding. It accommodates both the opportunity for midwives to object on conscience grounds to the provision of abortion services and respect women’s autonomy so that mutual agreement may be reached on issues that may have far reaching consequences.

Introduction. As we conduct this study, the world is in the grasp of a deadly pandemic. In less than six months since its first diagnosis in Wuhan, China, the COVID-19 infectious disease due to the novel coronavirus has infected over 5,000,000 people and claimed over 350,000 lives. In the United States, most of the cases are in large urban settings along the coasts, but the disease is slowly progressing through the mainland. Kansas, with its particular location in the midwest United States, has seen a relatively small number of cases, but these are increasing. The Kansas government took radical measures to prevent the spread of the disease. According to the Health Beliefs Model, an individual’s perception of risk will dictate engagement with preventive behaviors. Knowledge about the disease and preventive measures drive the risk assessment. Knowledge is dependant on the sources of information used. This study explored these metrics in a sample of Kansans living in the times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. A combination of snowball samples and random distribution through social media was used to recruit participants to an online survey. The risk and knowledge instrument was developed and validated by WHO Europe. Data collection lasted 96 hours. Results. The attitudes and behaviors of Kansans concerning COVID-19 were consistent with its location in an area of the country with a relatively lower incidence of the disease. Participants had good knowledge about the disease and preventive measures and were willing to comply with recommendations from local authorities. Conclusion. Localized information sources that cater to the community are often primary, while social media is not a valuable source for information pertinent to COVID-19.

PurposeIn analysing the beancounter image's trajectory, from its birth to its persistence, in European French language comics between 1945 and 2016, this paper explores why artists continue beancounter image usage in popular culture.Design/methodology/approachBeancounter characters have been studied in an application of Iconology (Panofsky, 1955) in order to unravel how individuals make sense of cultural artefacts and how, in turn, the visuals shape cultural belief systems at a given time.FindingsThis study reveals that comics artists usage of the beancounter image results from their critical reactions to management and capitalism whilst at other times the usage is an indication of authenticity. Motivation for the usage is not constant over time nor is the impact of the beancounter image. Both appear dependant of the level of artistic freedom experienced by the artist.Research limitations/implicationsBased on a single media (comics) with a unique characters (European French language) this study deepens exploration of the ways in which accounting becomes entwined with the everyday and implies that further research is needed.Originality/valueExtends the work of Smith and Jacobs (2011) and Jacobs and Evans (2012) by focusing on a genre of popular culture over a long period, and by adopting a critical viewpoint. Also expands the possible applications of Panofsky's (1955) Iconology in accounting studies.

Exercise has been associated with several systemic reactions. These reactions can vary from mild symptoms to life threatening situations like anaphylaxis. In many of these cases, a predisposing factor in the form of food has been noticed. People may develop anaphylaxis on exercising after consumption of a nonspecific or specific food item. The patient being described developed anaphylaxis with seizure on exercising after having his meal. Nonspecific food dependant exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a rare scenario. Proper history taking is essential, as it can be lifesaving.

Background There has been an exponential increase in the demand for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Our goal was to examine trends in TAVR capacity and wait-times across Canada. Methods All TAVR cases were identified from April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2017. Wait-time was defined as the duration in days from the initial referral to the TAVR procedure. TAVR capacity was defined as the number of TAVR procedures per million population/province/fiscal year. We performed multivariable multilevel Cox proportional hazards modelling of the time to TAVR as the dependant variable and the effect of provinces as random effects. We quantified the variation in wait-times among provinces using the median hazard ratio. Results We identified a total of 4906 TAVR procedures across 9 provinces. Despite a year over year increase in overall capacity, there was a greater than 3-fold difference in capacity between provinces. Crude median wait-times increased over time in all provinces, with marked variation from 71.5 days in Newfoundland to 190.5 and 203 days in Manitoba and Alberta, respectively. This suggests increasing demand outpaced the growth in capacity. We found a median hazard ratio of 1.62, indicating that in half of the possible pairwise comparisons, the time to TAVR for identical patients was at least 62% longer between different provinces. Conclusion We found substantial geographic inequity in TAVR access. This calls for policy makers, clinicians, and administrators across Canada to address this inequity through revaluation of provincial funding mechanisms, as well as implementation of efficient care pathways.

Corporate social performance (CSP) is defined in the literature as how corporations establish a link between their social responsibility principles, their responsiveness processes development and the social policy produced. Developed as a concept in the early 1990s, there is little agreement about its practical application in workday activities inside corporations. Reasons for this lack of alignment are not conclusively established, but one possibility is in the need for the adaptation of the concept to the business context. This adaptation inevitably demands an understanding about the subject by those responsible for developing it inside corporations. Seaports present an area of potential application for this adaption because they are infrastructure assets with the power to shape the social arrangement existing in a region. Therefore, investigating how CSP is understood in this sector can contribute to a better relationship between societies and businesses and the development of more effective policies in the social dimension of business. This paper reports the understanding of CSP held by managers of seaports in Brazil. Using content and thematic analysis, this paper analyses data collected via telephone interviews with twenty-eight Brazilian senior seaport managers interpreting the meanings of CSP. The results revealed that managers expressed the importance of CSP for their business strategy by linking it to four core themes under their management control and one theme dependant on regulators' definition. The findings present an adherence between theory and empirical data, suggesting an improvement about the role of social responsibilities for CSP implementation in seaports.

November 2018 saw the deployment of a medical team with a remit to provide far forward medical support to UK, Coalition and indigenous forces. The delivery of this capability demanded a solution unique within the UK Defence Medical Services. The ‘light role’ casualty collection points provided emergency medical care to 475 casualties over a 4-month period. The success of the deployment was dependant on the ability to remain light and agile which brought with it logistical considerations. The clinical caseload was predominantly secondary blast injury and gunshot wound (GSW). The positioning of a Role 1 facility close to the front line of troops enabled early Damage Control Resuscitation including the delivery of blood products. MEDEVAC to Role 2 was enabled by indigenous forces. The unique situation demanded bespoke solutions for documentation and blood warming. The lessons learnt during the deployment may form a blueprint for future contingency operations.

Purpose Big data analytics is a set of procedures and technologies that entails new forms of integration to uncover large unknown values from large data sets that are various, complex and of an immense scale. The use of big data analytics is generally considered to improve organisational performance. However, this depends on capabilities of different organisations to provide the resources required for big data analytics. This study aims to investigate the influence of big data analytics on organisational performance of Technical University of Kenya (TUK) and Strathmore University (SU). Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted as a mixed method research to enable a deep understanding of the concept. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires and interviews with clientele and information communication technology staff from the TUK and SU, both in Nairobi, Kenya. Secondary data was collected through interviews and questionnaires. Data was analysed and presented using descriptive statistics. Findings The findings revealed that most of the variables of organisational performance such as innovativeness, creativeness, effectiveness, productiveness and efficiency are affected positively by conducting big data analytics in both institutions. The results demonstrate that the TUK showed a negative relationship between big data analytics and competiveness and profitability while SU showed a positive relationship between the two variables. In terms of regression analysis, the findings revealed that SU showed a good relationship between independent and dependant variables while the TUK had a weak influence. Originality/value This study is original in terms of its subject matter, scope and application.

This work aims to highlight the factors with significant impact on efficiency of research laboratories of public university. To achieve this goal, Linear Regression is used. In order to scientifically determine the dependant variable of Linear Regression, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is employed. The originality of this work lies in its intermethodology, since efficiency scores, which are determined by DEA, are considered as the dependent variable of the Linear Regression. This work has research implications, since it encourages researchers to integrate the two aforementioned methods as Data Envelopment Analysis uses linear programming which could also be used by Linear Regression. Equally, this works orient laboratories towards factors which have significant impact on their efficiency to improve it. The results of this work show that doctoral theses supervision as well as laboratories ages have significant impact on their efficiency. This study concerns 21 laboratories of a public university in eastern Morocco.

Critiques of the category "spirituality" argue that it functions to anesthetise affiliates to inequalities such as the suffering caused by capitalism. Furthermore, spirituality is regarded as both a superficial consequence of late-modernity and reifying the neoliberal agenda of an "individual" as narcissistic and morally responsible. While these critiques of spirituality are useful, they are totalising and only partially examine the complexities of such varied discourses. This article qualitatively examines the category of spirituality within the Visible Recovery Advocacy Movement (VRAM). Alongside "faithbased," "non-religious," and allegedly "secular" recovery modalities, many individuals and groups identifying within this movement utilise the language of spirituality. This article does not suggest that discourses on spirituality among people within the VRAM are immune to the tropes of neoliberalism, or that the formation of that category in contemporary usage, is not reliant upon specific cultural, economic, and political trends. Rather, I demonstrate that motivations among VRAM participants for engaging with this classification are far more complicated and dependant on a range of intersecting circumstances than critical evaluations acknowledge. Moreover, utilising study of religion and spirituality literature, I critically examine participants' construction of the category of spirituality, and what they report as the outworkings of that classification, especially in terms of addiction recovery, identity formation, making meaning, and community.

Background Metal corrosion in seawater has been extensively studied in surface and shallow waters. However, infrastructure is increasingly being installed in deep-sea environments, where extremes of temperature, salinity, and high hydrostatic pressure increase the costs and logistical challenges associated with monitoring corrosion. Moreover, there is currently only a rudimentary understanding of the role of microbially induced corrosion, which has rarely been studied in the deep-sea. We report here an integrative study of the biofilms growing on the surface of corroding mooring chain links that had been deployed for 10 years at ~2 km depth and developed a model of microbially induced corrosion based on flux-balance analysis. Methods We used optical emission spectrometry to analyze the chemical composition of the mooring chain and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry coupled with scanning electron microscopy to identify corrosion products and ultrastructural features. The taxonomic structure of the microbiome was determined using shotgun metagenomics and was confirmed by 16S amplicon analysis and quantitative PCR of the dsrB gene. The functional capacity was further analyzed by generating binned, genomic assemblies and performing flux-balance analysis on the metabolism of the dominant taxa. Results The surface of the chain links showed intensive and localized corrosion with structural features typical of microbially induced corrosion. The microbiome on the links differed considerably from that of the surrounding sediment, suggesting selection for specific metal-corroding biofilms dominated by sulfur-cycling bacteria. The core metabolism of the microbiome was reconstructed to generate a mechanistic model that combines biotic and abiotic corrosion. Based on this metabolic model, we propose that sulfate reduction and sulfur disproportionation might play key roles in deep-sea corrosion. Conclusions The corrosion rate observed was higher than what could be expected from abiotic corrosion mechanisms under these environmental conditions. High corrosion rate and the form of corrosion (deep pitting) suggest that the corrosion of the chain links was driven by both abiotic and biotic processes. We posit that the corrosion is driven by deep-sea sulfur-cycling microorganisms which may gain energy by accelerating the reaction between metallic iron and elemental sulfur. The results of this field study provide important new insights on the ecophysiology of the corrosion process in the deep sea.

Background Dealing with end of life is challenging for patients and health professionals alike. The situation becomes even more challenging when a patient requests a legally permitted medical service that a health professional is unable to provide due to a conflict of conscience. Such a scenario arises when Victorian health professionals, with a conscientious objection (CO) to voluntary assisted dying (VAD), are presented with patients who request VAD or merely ask about VAD. The Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017 (Vic) recognizes the inherent conflict of conscience that may arise for some health professionals when asked to provide VAD and responds by affording broad protection to conscientious objectors who wish to refuse to take part in the VAD process. Methods Seventeen semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with Victorian health professionals with a self-identified CO to VAD in the lead-up to the implementation of VAD in Victoria. Interviews explored how participants anticipated they would manage their CO in practice. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Results Our results reveal that the way in which health professionals claimed they would approach CO conversations is variable and was dependant on the strength of their opposition to VAD. We categorized conscientious objectors according to their approach as either dissuasive non-referrers, passive non-referrers, facilitators or negotiators. Our study also explores the perceived difficulties of exercising one’s CO as identified by our participants. Conclusion The broad protection offered by the Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017 (Vic) encourages a range of behaviors from conscientious objectors, due to the minimal obligations imposed. In order to assist conscientious objectors, more policy, institutional guidance, and education needs to be available to conscientious objectors explicitly addressing how to effectively manage one’s CO. Such guidance is imperative to ensuring that their moral integrity is preserved and that they are exercising their CO appropriately.

The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union was reformed in 2013 with the aim of improving the sustainability of the fishing sector. The Landing Obligation, a cornerstone of this reform, requires fishers to land their unwanted catch instead of discarding it at sea. Existing literature pays little attention to what becomes of this unwanted catch once it is landed. To further the discourse on the sustainable valorisation of unwanted catch, this study explores whether unwanted catch that is safe for human consumption could be used for improving food security. The paper focuses on Dutch food banks, which deliver critical food aid to over 160,000 individuals yearly but struggle to provide all dependant recipients with nutritionally balanced food parcels. The research question is addressed in two ways. The food bank recipients’ willingness to consume UWC is evaluated quantitatively through a survey. Next to this, data from interviews with relevant stakeholders are analysed qualitatively. Results indicate that the Food Bank Foundation and its recipients are willing to receive this fish if it is safe to consume and accessible. However, various factors such as existing infrastructure, lack of economic incentive to donate, competition from non-food and black markets, and the fishing industry’s conflict with the landing obligation might pose barriers to this kind of valorisation. The dissonance between fisheries, food, and sustainability policies is discussed and identified as a key limiting factor. To bridge the differences between these policy areas, we propose public-private partnerships and voluntary agreements among involved stakeholders.

This paper will present a mission profile reduction technique to reduce the simulation time needed to simulate the yearly behaviour of a PV system.Due to the strong climate dependency of the weather and thereby the PV mission profile, the simplification method is likewise strongly climate dependant.The reduction technique will be applied to different PV mission profiles from different arid places around the world (Arizona, Colorado, Spain, Sacramento), where the speed-up of the method will be tested along with the error introduced by the reduction.The method was found to decrease simulation time by up to 98% at a trade-off of a deviation in the damage estimation down to 1.7%. This paper will present a mission profile reduction technique to reduce the simulation time needed to simulate the yearly behaviour of a PV system.Due to the strong climate dependency of the weather and thereby the PV mission profile, the simplification method is likewise strongly climate dependant.The reduction technique will be applied to different PV mission profiles from different arid places around the world (Arizona, Colorado, Spain, Sacramento), where the speed-up of the method will be tested along with the error introduced by the reduction.The method was found to decrease simulation time by up to 98% at a trade-off of a deviation in the damage estimation down to 1.7%.

Patriarchy can be defined as a social organisation manifested by the supremacy of the male members in the clan or family and dependant status of female members. The concept of patriarchy incorporates all the socio-political mechanisms which replicate and exert male dominance over women. Fixating on real and perceived biological differences between the two recognised sexes, men justify their domination on the basis of an alleged biological inferiority of women. There are different models of patriarchy at different times and in different cultures and places but the lower value given to women and their roles as compared to men and their roles, remains constant in all models. But interestingly, Bell Hooks’ essay ‘Understanding Patriarchy’ completely deconstructs this very neat binary between the male perpetrator and female victim. In this essay, Bell Hooks emphasises the need to focus on the core problem of patriarchy which affects all people irrespective of their genders. Patriarchy is a disease which infect both men and women.

Background Three Acute NHS Trusts were reaching maximum bed capacity by January 2021 due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. A local recently refurbished care home was identified as a suitable COVID-19 discharge facility for COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 contact patients whose ceiling of care could be managed in this setting (including oxygen therapy) to help ease bed pressures. Aims To support primary care and care home staff with symptom control and decision making for those patients who were end-of-life. To help avoid readmission back into the Acute NHS Trusts who were already at capacity. To support the relatives of these patients. Method From January until the end of March 2021 support was provided to the designated care home in the form of: A weekly virtual ward round. Members on the virtual ward round included a GP, the Lead Nurse from the care home, an Advanced Nurse Practitioner, a paramedic and a Palliative Care Nurse Specialist. The provision of regular telephone calls throughout the week was dependant on need from the care home. If there were any particular patients that the care home staff had concerns about a clinical nurse specialist would be available at weekends and bank holidays for advice and support. Telephone calls to relatives. Results Prevention of patients being readmitted to the Acute NHS Trusts following the input from specialist palliative care. Quality symptom control provided for patients not for escalation. Quality end-of-life care. Support for care home staff. Conclusion The specialist palliative care input made a positive contribution to the care of patients and also to the symptom control of those patients who were end-of-life. Staff felt supported in looking after these patients at a time when care home staff were generally feeling very isolated.

The present food system (including production, transportation, processing, packaging, storing, retail, and consumption) is a source of nutrition for the great majority of the world population in addition to supporting the livelihoods of about 200 million people. Food supply per capita has increased by more than 30% since 1961, this is accompanied by more use of nitrogen fertilizers (showing an increase of about 800%) and water resources for irrigation (with an increase of more than 100%). Global food security will continue to be an international concern for the coming 50 years and even beyond. Crop yield has fallen in many areas recently due to decreasing investments in infrastructure and research, as well as due to growing water scarcity. Climate change is a global concern irrespective of borders. The poor nations are highly vulnerable to climate change and are at high risk. Food security is directly dependant on the food chain and the associated food system process. All dimensions of food security could be affected by climate change in complex ways. Approximately, 15 countries are highly vulnerable to food insecurity due to climate change, from Asia and Africa. Most of these nations are not able to cope with or counter the impact of climate change on an urgent basis. However, some countries have developed their national strategies and adaptation plans to alleviate the negative impacts of climate change.

Background Our tertiary level neonatal unit has well-established transitional care facilities (TCU), which are co-located on the post-natal ward (PNW). As part of the ATAIN process, we noted an increase in term admission from TCU to the neonatal unit (NNU) between the first and second quarter of 2020. It was postulated such an effect, at least in part, could be an indirect consequence of stringent government mandated restrictions on hospital visiting, in line with COVID-19 policies. 1 2 On TCU, where mothers are resident, restrictions were such that women may have chosen to return home, leaving their baby on NNU instead, due to diminished access to familial support and/or isolation. On the NNU, we value our parents as partners in care, rather than visitors, and did not implement any such restrictions. Objectives To compare trends in TCU to NNU admissions prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate the presence of maternal request as a factor for deciding ultimate place of care rather than the classical resource dependant allocation and individual care requirements. Methods All admission from TCU in 2019 (Pre-COVID-19) and 2020 (COVID-19) were identified using the NNU admissions book. Patient characteristics were recorded, including gestation, birth weight, mode of delivery, reasons for admission to TCU, length of stay, seniority of review and ultimate decision to move patient to NNU. Data on these patients was collated from the electronic patient record, Badger software and patient hand-written notes. Patients were excluded if their trajectory between wards was incorrectly coded. Results More than double the number of patients were admitted to the NNU from TCU in 2020 compared to 2019 (table 1), yet overall demographics of gestation and birth weight remained very similar. When comparing the admission rates exclusively to coincide with the start of the UK lockdown, (April - December) there were 7 cases in 2019 compared to 22 in 2020. In 2019, there was a single case of a baby being admitted to NNU from TCU due to maternal choice. However, the circumstances are mitigating as the baby was a planned removal to social services. In 2020, 5 of the 24 NNU admission from TCU were due to maternal choice (21% vs. 9% in 2019). All cases occurred between June-October 2020 at the time of easing of lockdown measures for the first time since March [4]. Conclusions Decisions regarding admissions to NNU from TCU are often multifactorial and not always easy to determine in notes. More babies were admitted to the NNU from TCU during the COVID-19 pandemic, as hypothesised, given restrictions brough in due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant proportion of these were due to maternal choice.

Introduction The sudden undertaking of being a caregiver for a spouse or family member afflicted with a stroke can cause adverse psychological consequences. In Malaysia, the majority of stroke patients return home to be cared for by family members and continue rehabilitation as outpatients. In most local urban communities, the practice of shared caregiving is observed among stroke caregivers either out of necessity or familism. Sole or primary caregivers who share their homes with stroke patients would be more challenged physically and psychologically compared to secondary or joint caregivers. Sharing the caregiving responsibilities is believed to lighten the burden on primary caregivers. This study aims to determine the proportion and associated factors of depression among urban-dwelling caregivers of home-bound stroke patients receiving long-term care from a university-based primary care clinic. Methodology A cross-sectional study involving 123 primary and secondary caregivers of stroke patients was conducted at Klinik Primer PPUKM Cheras (KPPC) and the outpatient Medical Rehabilitation Services Department Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM), Cheras Kuala Lumpur. A self-administered questionnaire comprising of sociodemographic characteristics, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support questionnaire (MSPSS) was used. The functional status of the stroke patients was assessed using the Modified Rankin Score (MRS). Results The proportion of respondents with depression was 20.3% (n=25). Depression was associated with caregivers’ age (CI=42.23-50.09, p=0.016), presence of illness (p=0.001), and being a sole caregiver (p=0.001). There is also an association found between caregiver depression with longer duration post-stroke (CI= 12.75-16.13, p

Technology has changed our day to day life. Online shopping has given a platform to females for making a balance in their professional and personal lives. The study is aimed to identify the influence of demographic factors mainly (Age, Income & Occupation) in formation of females' Attitude, Intention & shopping behaviour towards online shopping of Apparels. A sample of 554 female respondents of Delhi & NCR was collected through convenience sampling method with the help of questionnaire. To find out the association between independent variable such as age, income & occupation and dependant variable attitude, intention & shopping behaviour towards online shopping of Apparels ANOVA and T test were used. The result of the study found that attitude and intention is not affected by age but age affects the Shopping behaviour of females. Income does not have any impact on Attitude and Behaviour but income does affect the Intention of female respondents towards online purchase of Apparels. On the other hand occupation affects the Attitude, intention and online shopping behaviour as well.

Highlights • Mastiffs are a group of large and giant powerful dogs consisting of 19 breeds worldwide. • The median age of death for the Mastiff group was 8 years with European and North American dogs also dying at this age. • A higher percentage of dogs died over 8 years when classed as senior within breed standards. • Cancer was the most common cause of death in the Mastiff group with osteosarcoma the most common specifically in neutered animals., Despite being ranked 33 in Americas most popular breeds (American Kennel Club, 2020), there is a lack of research addressing longevity and death related health problems of Mastiff dog breeds and specifically commonly kept Bull Mastiffs and English Mastiffs. Likely a result of small founder populations and minimal breeding geographical locations, limited genetic variation is found making it important to determine key health concerns which may reduce longevity. The purpose of this study was to report findings from an online global survey of owners of deceased Mastiffs detailing breed, age at death, and if known, cause of death. Owner information was also collected including location by continent and country and the owners breeding or hobbyist experience. A closed-question survey was used via an online network of global Mastiff clubs and associations totalling a useable sample of 1036 dogs across a range of breeds. Notably, it is reported that age and cause of death varied dependant on breed. Results indicate that the median age of death for all dogs was 8 years with mean age of death in Europe as 7.72 years and 8.17 years in North America. The most common cause of death identified for all dogs was cancer (47%), old age (16%), cardiac problems (8%) and gastric problems including GDV and bloat (7%). The mean age of death for cancer dogs was 7.85 years with 23 types of cancer stated with Osteosarcoma being the most commonly recorded and specifically for neutered animals. As the survey was aimed at hobbyist and registered breeders, study findings contribute to knowledge of Mastiff mortality with the aim of promoting welfare of the breed.

BackgroundClinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDRSOB) scale is known to be highly indicative of cognitive-functional status, but it is unclear whether it is consistent with clinician diagnosis in evaluating drug class associations with risk of progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. MethodsWe employed multivariate logistic regression on longitudinal NACC data, to identify drug classes associated with disease progression risk, using clinician diagnosis and CDRSOB as the outcome. ResultsNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anxiolytics, antidiabetics, and Parkinsons medications were significantly associated with decreased progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia, and antihypertensives and Alzheimers medications significantly associated with increased progression risk. Associations were however dependant on the diagnostic measure used, e.g., antihypertensives were associated with increased Healthy-to-Dementia risk using clinical diagnosis as the outcome (OR:2.05, FDR p

Mark Donald explains how to find out your predicted income and what to do if it isn't enough Retirement plans for practice nurses are dependant on the number of years they had missed out on the NHS scheme, as practices nurses employed prior to September 1997 are excluded from it. It thus comes down to any contributions made towards to an alternative pension scheme. However, these alternative schemes probably won't match that of the NHS Pension. This article offers practical guidance on how to best manage a pension scheme according to individual circumstances.

Background: Mobile phone culture has brought about a revolution in technology and people of all age groups (especially youngsters) have become greatly dependant on mobiles for various reasons. It has become an integral part of routine work of students who rely on mobiles for academic purposes also. This study was planned to evaluate the impact of mobile phone use on health and academic performance of MBBS students. Methods: It was cross sectional questionnaire based study in which 300 MBBS students were involved. Various questions regarding mobile usage, associated benefits and problems pertaining to academic activities and impact on health were filled and tabulated in ranges and percentages. Results: All the students involved in study used mobile phones and their usage ranged from 0.2-6.5 hrs on a working day and0.5-8 hrs on holiday. Many students reported increased academic performance with the help of mobiles whereas few students reported disturbance in class, impaired concentration and increased use of abbreviations in routine. Also, students reported certain health issues like changes in vision, pain in wrist, neck and preference to stay alone with use of mobile phones. Conclusions: Excessive use of mobile phones can have deleterious effects on human mind and brain. Plethora of physical, psychological and behavioural problems can be seen with long term use of handsets. With advancements in technologies, associated risks are also bound to increase. So judicious and wise use of mobiles is a must to avoid harmful consequences in youngsters especially students.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of justice, culture and love of money on ethical perceptions about tax evasion. As well as gender will strengthen the influence of justice, culture and love of money on ethical perceptions about tax evasion. Design/methodology/approach The primary data were collected and analyzed using a popular component-based model called partial least square (PLS). PLS consists of two sub-models, measurement model or outer model and structural model or inner model. The measurement model shows how real or observable variables are latent variables to be measured. While the structural model shows the level of estimation between latent or construct variables. Findings The statistical analysis showed that neither the coefficient of gender (moderating variable) nor the interaction between gender and the exogenous variable are significant. Solimun (2010) explained that such moderating variable is called homologizer moderation (potential moderation). Homologizer moderation refers to variable that may potentially become a moderating variable influencing relationship between predictor (exogenous) and dependant variable (endogenous). This variable has no interaction with predictors or can be said to be insignificant on the dependent variable. In this study, gender is a potential moderating variable (homologizer moderation). Gender can potentially become a moderating variable influencing relationship between justice, culture and love of money and ethical perception on tax evasion. Gender does not have interaction with justice, culture and love of money or significant influence toward ethical perception on tax evasion. Originality/value There are very few studies on tax evasion from an ethical point of view so this study is not only important but also interesting because it shows that tax evasion is a classic problem taking place in nearly all countries that apply taxation system; cultural difference results in different views on ethical perceptions on tax evasion (Basri, 2015); this study uses the local wisdom of Balinese people, namely, Tri Hita Karana and thus, this study becomes relatively new; justice is one of the non-economic variables of tax compliance behavior (Darmawan, 2012), so that the researcher is interested in conducting further research on the effect of justice toward ethical perception on tax evasion; there are very few studies discussing love of money (Hnisz et al., 2013); therefore, research on the effect of love of money toward ethical perception on tax evasion is of necessity and the findings of previous studies that are inconsistent. The researcher predicted that there are contingency factors that influence the relationship between justice, culture and love of money toward ethical perceptions on tax evasion. As suggested by Baridwan (2012), gender, the moderating variable in this study, refers to masculine and feminine character as a dimension of social culture; this study is carried out in the Tax Service Office (KPP Pratama) of Badung Utara because during the 2015 tax year, KPP Pratama Badung Utara was one of the KPPs in Bali DGT Regional Office which experienced a decline in realization of revenues and a sharp decline in growth.