214,706 results on '"Department of Epidemiology"'
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2. Swiss National Iodine Survey 2020
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Department of Epidemiology and Health Services, Unisanté, Lausanne, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, and Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Senior Scientist, PhD
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- 2023
3. A Multi-center Prospective Cohort Study Based on Peritoneal Dialysis Telemedicine-assisted Platform (PDTAP)
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The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinqiao hospital of Army Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Handan Central Hospital, Beijing Haidian Hospital, People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Cangzhou Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Shengjing Hospital, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Peking University People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of BaoTou Medical College, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Beijing miyun district hospital, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, People's Hospital of Gansu, Pingdingshan first people's Hospital, The first people's hospital of Xining, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Taiyuan central hospital, People's hospital of Langfang, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Department of Statistics, Peking University First Hospital, and Dong Jie, Director of Peritoneal dialysis center
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- 2023
4. A Retrospective Observational Study to Describe Anaemia Management, Burden of Disease and Outcomes in Chinese Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis Using a Clinical Database
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The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinqiao hospital of Army Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei, Peking Haidian Hospital, People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Cangzhou Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Shengjing Hospital, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Peking University People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of BaoTou Medical College, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Beijing miyun district hospital, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, People's Hospital of Gansu, Pingdingshan first people's Hospital, The first people's hospital of Xining, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Taiyuan central hospital, People's hospital of Langfang, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, and Dong Jie, Clinical Professor in Renal Division,Department of Medicine
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- 2022
5. Cohort Study of Pioglitazone and Bladder Cancer in Patients With Type II Diabetes
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Kaiser Permanente and Department of Epidemiology at University of Pennsylvania
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- 2018
6. Исследование макро- и микроэлементного статуса у пациентов с аутоиммунным тиреоидитом среди жителей пострадавших после Чернобыльськой аварии районов Киевской области
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Luzanchuk, I.A.; MD, PhD, Research Fellow at the Department of epidemiology of endocrine diseases, State Institution “V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the NAMS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine; e-mail: igorluz@bigmir.net, Kravchenko, V.I.; MD, PhD, Professor, Head of department of epidemiology of endocrine diseases, State Institution “V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the NAMS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Andrusishina, I.M.; MD, PhD, Laboratory оf analitic chemistry and monitoring of toxic substances, State Institution “Institute of Occupational Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Golinko, O.M.; MD, PhD, Leading Researcher at the Department of complex toxicological and hygienic evaluation of medical products, perfumery and cosmetic products and consumer goods, State Enterprise “L.I. Medved Scientific Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Luzanchuk, I.A.; MD, PhD, Research Fellow at the Department of epidemiology of endocrine diseases, State Institution “V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the NAMS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine; e-mail: igorluz@bigmir.net, Kravchenko, V.I.; MD, PhD, Professor, Head of department of epidemiology of endocrine diseases, State Institution “V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the NAMS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Andrusishina, I.M.; MD, PhD, Laboratory оf analitic chemistry and monitoring of toxic substances, State Institution “Institute of Occupational Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, and Golinko, O.M.; MD, PhD, Leading Researcher at the Department of complex toxicological and hygienic evaluation of medical products, perfumery and cosmetic products and consumer goods, State Enterprise “L.I. Medved Scientific Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Актуальность. Аутоиммунный тиреоидит (АИТ) — комплексное полигенное органоспецифическое заболевание. Уровень заболеваемости АИТ имеет тенденцию к росту во всем мире. Наблюдается тенденция к росту заболеваемости в младших возрастных группах. Циркулирующие антитела к тиреоидной пероксидазе (ТПО) находят у 10–15 % практически здоровых лиц, которые находятся в состоянии эутиреоза. Цель: установить макро и микроэлементный статус у пациентов с АИТ среди жителей пострадавших после Чернобыльской аварии районов Киевской области. Материалы и методы. Обследован 61 житель пострадавших после Чернобыльской аварии районов Киевской области: из них 45 — без тиреоидной патологии (контрольная группа) и 16 — с АИТ (опытная группа). Все обследованные с дозой облучения щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) < 0,3 Гр — ≥ 1 Гр являются участниками когортных исследований украинскобелорусскоамериканского проекта. Исследование микроэлементов и макроэлементов проводили методом атомноэмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивносвязанной плазмой («Джерело2003») на приборе Optima 2100 DV фирмы Perkin Elmer (США). Результаты. При исследовании показателей тиреоидного статуса группа пациентов с АИТ отличалась от контроля увеличенным тиреоидным объемом, повышенным уровнем антител к ТПО и увеличенным уровнем тиреотропного гормона. Медиана экскреции йода с мочой в исследованных группах достоверно не отличалась, ее показатель в контрольной группе составлял 65,0 мкг/л, в опытной группе — 80,6 мкг/л, что указывало на наличие йодного дефицита слабой степени тяжести. У обследованных пациентов с АИТ установлено более низкое (p < 0,01) содержание магния в сыворотке крови (медианное значение 18,59 мг/л) по сравнению с соответствующим показателем контрольной группы. Проведена оценка шансов связи установленного диагноза АИТ со сниженным менее медианного значения уровнем магния (20,6 мг/л) в общей группе обследованных: отношение шансов (ОШ) составляет 6,63 (95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) [1,73; 24,8]; р < 0,01). Выв, Актуальність. Автоімунний тиреоїдит (АІТ) — комплексне полігенне органоспецифічне захворювання. Рівень захворюваності на АІТ має тенденцію до зростання в усьому світі. Спостерігається тенденція до зростання захворюваності в молодших вікових групах. Циркулюючі антитіла до тиреоїдної пероксидази (ТПО) знаходять у 10–15 % практично здорових ociб, які перебувають у стані еутиреозу. Мета: встановити макро- й мікроелементний статус у пацієнтів з АІТ серед мешканців постраждалих після Чорнобильської аварії районів Київської області. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 61 мешканця постраждалих після Чорнобильської аварії районів Київської області: з них 45 — без тиреоїдної патології (контрольна група) і 16 — з АІТ (дослідна група). Усі обстежені з дозою опромінення щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ) < 0,3 Гр — ≥ 1 Гр входять до когортних досліджень українсько-білорусько-американського проекту. Дослідження мікроелементів і макроелементів здійснювали методом атомно-емісійної спектрометрії з індуктивно-зв’язаною плазмою («Джерело-2003») на приладі Optima 2100 DV фірми PerkinElmer (США). Результати. При дослідженні показників тиреоїдного статусу група пацієнтів з АІТ відрізнялась від контролю збільшеним тиреоїдним об’ємом, підвищеним рівнем антитіл до ТПО і тиреотропного гормону. Медіана екскреції йоду із сечею в досліджуваних групах вірогідно не відрізнялася, її показник у контрольній групі становив 65,0 мкг/л, у дослідній групі — 80,6 мкг/л, що вказувало на наявність йодного дефіциту слабкого ступеня. В обстежених пацієнтів з АІТ встановлено знижений (p < 0,01) рівень магнію в сироватці крові (медіанне значення 18,59 мг/л) порівняно з відповідним показником у контрольній групі. Виконана оцінка шансів зв’язку наявного діагнозу АІТ зі зниженим понад медіанне значення рівнем магнію (20,6 мг/л) у загальній групі обстежених: співвідношення шансів (СШ) становить 6,63 (95% довірчий інтервал (ДІ) [1,73; 24,8]; р < 0,01). Висновки. Наявний діагноз АІТ вірогідно значимий у пацієнтів, які мал, Background. Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a combined, polygenic, organspecific disease. The incidence rate of AIT has a tendency to increase throughout the world. There is an upward trend in morbidity in younger age groups. Circulating thyroid peroxidase antibodies are found in 10–15 % of apparently healthy euthyroid persons. The purpose of the study was to establish the macro and microelement status in patients with AIT among residents of districts of Kyiv region affected by the Chornobyl accident. Materials and methods. Sixtyone residents from the areas in Kyiv region affected by the Chornobyl accident were examined: 45 persons without thyroid pathology were included in the control group and 16 with AIT — in the experimental group. All patients with a thyroid dose of < 0.3 Gy — ≥ 1 Gy are participants of the cohort studies of UkrainianBelarusianAmerican project. The study of micro and macroelements was performed by atomic emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma (Dzherelo2003) on Optima 2100 DV device (PerkinElmer, USA). Results. When studying thyroid status, the group of patients with AIT differed from the controls in terms of increased thyroid volume, high levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroidstimulating hormone. Urinary iodine excretion median in the studied groups was not significantly different: in the control group, it was 65.0 µg/l, in the experimental group — 80.6 µg/l, indicating the presence of mild iodine deficiency. The examined patients with AIT had reduced (p < 0.01) magnesium level in the blood serum (the median value was 18.59 mg/l) compared to the control group. The assessment of the chances of correlation between AIT diagnosis and magnesium level below the median one (20.6 mg/l) in the total group of subjects was: odds ratio (OR) = 6.63 (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.73; 24.8]; p < 0.01). Conclusions. The existing diagnosis of AIT is reliably significant in patients with thyroid dose above median
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- 2019
7. Sparse classification with paired covariates
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Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics [research center], University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Biomedical Data Science (Glaab Group) [research center], Rauschenberger, Armin, Ciocănea-Teodorescu, Iuliana, Jonker, Marianne A., Menezes, Renée X., van de Wiel, Mark A., Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics [research center], University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Biomedical Data Science (Glaab Group) [research center], Rauschenberger, Armin, Ciocănea-Teodorescu, Iuliana, Jonker, Marianne A., Menezes, Renée X., and van de Wiel, Mark A.
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This paper introduces the paired lasso: a generalisation of the lasso for paired covariate settings. Our aim is to predict a single response from two high-dimensional covariate sets. We assume a one-to-one correspondence between the covariate sets, with each covariate in one set forming a pair with a covariate in the other set. Paired covariates arise, for example, when two transformations of the same data are available. It is often unknown which of the two covariate sets leads to better predictions, or whether the two covariate sets complement each other. The paired lasso addresses this problem by weighting the covariates to improve the selection from the covariate sets and the covariate pairs. It thereby combines information from both covariate sets and accounts for the paired structure. We tested the paired lasso on more than 2000 classification problems with experimental genomics data, and found that for estimating sparse but predictive models, the paired lasso outperforms the standard and the adaptive lasso. The R package palasso is available from CRAN.
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- 2020
8. Dietary factors and the risk of lumbar spinal stenosis: A case-control analysis from the PREFACE study.
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Ruggiero, Emilia, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Costanzo, Simona, Esposito, Simona, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto, Carpineta, Ettore, Cerletti, Chiara, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Paolini, Sergio, Esposito, Vincenzo, de Gaetano, Giovanni, Innocenzi, Gualtiero, Iacoviello, Licia, PREFACE Investigators, Principal Investigators, Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy, Recruitment Staff, Data Management, and Data Analysis
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Background and Aims: There is a lack of knowledge on the association of dietary factors and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS). We evaluated the association of a Mediterranean diet (MD), its major food components and ultra-processed food (UPF) with the risk of LSS.Methods and Results: Participants were recruited from the Neurosurgery Department of the IRCCS Neuromed, Italy. The study sample consisted of 156 cases of LSS, and 312 controls matched 1:2 for sex, age (±6 months) and physical activity, without a history or clinical evidence of LSS who were identified from the general population. Adherence to MD was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score based on 9 food groups. UPF was defined according to NOVA classification and calculated as the ratio (%) of UPF (g/d) on total food consumed (g/d). In multivariable-adjusted analysis, a 2-point increase in the MD score was not associated with LSS risk (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.72-1.46). An increment of 10 g/d of fruits and nuts, cereals or fish led to lower odds of LSS (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99; OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.94; OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-0.99, respectively). Additionally, 1% increment in the consumption of UPF in the diet was independently associated with higher LSS risk (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.14).Conclusion: A diet rich in fruits, cereals, fish is associated with lower risk of LSS while a large dietary share of UPF increases the risk of this disease. Further studies with a prospective design and larger sample sizes are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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9. Cost-effectiveness of the adherence with recommendations for clinical monitoring of patients with diabetes.
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Corrao, Giovanni, Rea, Federico, Mancia, Giuseppe, Perseghin, Gianluca, Merlino, Luca, Martini, Nello, Carbone, Simona, Carle, Flavia, working group “Monitoring and assessing diagnostic-therapeutic paths (MAP)” of the Italian Ministry of Health, Polytechnic University of Marche (coordinator), Italian Ministry of Health, Dept of Health Planning, Dept of health prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Epidemiology Lazio Region, Aosta Valley Region, Campania Region, Emilia Romagna Region, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Lazio Region, and Lombardy Region
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Background and Aims: To validate a set of indicators for monitoring the quality of care of patients with diabetes in 'real-life' practice through its relationship with measurable clinical outcomes and healthcare costs.Methods and Results: A population-based cohort study was carried out by including the 20,635 patients, residents in the Lombardy Region (Italy), who in the year 2012 were newly taken-in-care for diabetes. Adherence with clinical recommendations (i.e., controls for glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, urine albumin excretion and serum creatinine) was recorded during the first year after the patient was taken-in-care, and categorized according whether he/she complied with none or almost none (0 or 1), just some (2) or all or almost all (3 or 4) the recommendations, respectively denoted as poor, intermediate and high adherence. Short- and long-term complications of diabetes, and healthcare cost incurred by the National Health Service, were assessed during follow-up. Compared with patients with poor adherence, those with intermediate and high adherence respectively showed (i) a delay in outcome occurrence of 13 days (95% CI, -2 to 27) and 23 days (9-38), and (ii) a lower healthcare cost of 54 € and 77 €. In average, a gain of 18 Euros and 15 Euros for each day free from diabetic complication by increasing adherence respectively from poor to intermediate and from poor to high were observed.Conclusion: Close control of patients with diabetes through regular clinical examinations must be considered the cornerstone of national guidance, national audits, and quality improvement incentive schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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10. Evaluation of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in Australia
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Canfell, Karen, Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Michael, Caruana, Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Coupé, Veerle, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Lew, Jie Bin, Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Canfell, Karen, Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Michael, Caruana, Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Coupé, Veerle, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Lew, Jie Bin, Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW
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The National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) in Australia will be fully rolled out by 2020, offering free biennial screening with immunochemical Faecal Occult Blood Testing (iFOBT) to people aged 50-74 years, but current participation rates are low at 40%.Section 1 of this thesis describes the development, calibration and validation of a microsimulation model, Policy1-Bowel, which simulates colorectal cancer (CRC) natural history and screening in Australia. I demonstrate the model’s cross-validity and external validity by comparing the estimates with other microsimulation model outcomes and with long-term CRC incidence and mortality outcomes in large randomised-controlled trials that offered guaiac FOBT or sigmoidoscopy screening.Section 2 evaluates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the current NBCSP in Australia. 2-yearly iFOBT screening at 50-74 years (i.e. the fully rolled-out NBCSP) is estimated to reduce CRC incidence and mortality by 23-33% and 36-52%, respectively, at 40-60% participation. The program is highly cost-effective due to the cancer treatment costs averted. More than 59,000 and 83,800 deaths were predicted to be prevented by the NBCSP in 2015-2040 at participation rates of 40% and 60%. It is predicted that annual expenditure on colorectal cancer control will be reduced within a decade of full rollout of the program.Section 3 examines alternate CRC screening approaches, comparing 2-yearly iFOBT screening with screening approaches that use iFOBT, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, computed tomographic colonography, faecal DNA and plasma DNA at different screening intervals in people aged 50-75 years. 2-yearly iFOBT was found to be the most cost-effective, and one of the most effective approaches. I also examine the impact of extending the NBCSP target age to include people in their forties and/or eighties. The current target age range has the most favourable benefit-to-harm balance and is the most cost-effective; extending screening to 45 y
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- 2018
11. Factores de riesgo ambientales y leucemia linfoblástica aguda en la infancia
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College of Technology of the State of São Paulo and Department of Environmental Health- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Cangerana Pereira, PhD, Fernanda Alves, Mirra, PhD, Antônio Pedro, Dias de Oliveira Latorre, PhD, Maria do Rosário, De Assunção, PhD, João Vicente, College of Technology of the State of São Paulo and Department of Environmental Health- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Cangerana Pereira, PhD, Fernanda Alves, Mirra, PhD, Antônio Pedro, Dias de Oliveira Latorre, PhD, Maria do Rosário, and De Assunção, PhD, João Vicente
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Objetivos: Verificar el papel de los riesgos ambientales en el proceso de desarrollo de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) en la infancia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura científica con el fin de evaluar el papel de los factores de riesgo ambientales en el desarrollo de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Resultados: El papel del medio ambiente en el desarrollo de la lla en niños es desconocida. La teoría de dos etapas propuesta por Greaves, en 1988 es la hipótesis más aceptable. Un primer evento se produce en el útero o cerca del momento del nacimiento; esta mutación induce el desarrollo de clones pre-leucemia. Otro acontecimiento, suceso en la infancia temprana, se desarrollaría este primer clon de pre-leucemia en leucemia clínica. Con base en los eventos ambientales relacionados con otros tipos de leucemia y en otros estudios, algunos factores de riesgo se han propuesto como la inducción de las mutaciones que conducen a lla. Radiación (ionizante o no), agentes infecciosos, y productos químicos se cree que son los responsables de la enfermedad. En las últimas décadas, muchos autores intentaron encontrado una asociación entre estos factores de riesgo y el desarrollo de la LLA infantil. Sin embargo los resultados no fueron concluyentes e incluso contradictorias. La radiación ionizante es el único demostrado desempeñar un papel en el desarrollo de la leucemia. Conclusión: Como la leucemia es una enfermedad que afecta a los niños, los costos de esta patología son altos cuando se habla de dinero gastar para el diagnóstico y tratamiento y cuando se piensa en la carga social y psicológico. Teniendo en cuenta la teoría propuesta por Greaves, hay por lo menos dos momentos cuando el paciente debe evitar la exposición que conduce a la leucemia. Por lo tanto, es muy importante encontrar el factor de riesgo real, o factores, que están involucrados en el proceso., Objectives: To verify the paper of environmental risks in the process of developing Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood. Materials and methods: A search was conducted on scientific literature in order to evaluate the role of environmental risk factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia development. Results: The environmental role in development of all in children is unknown. The two steps theory proposed by Greaves in 1988 is the most acceptable hypothesis. One first event occurs in uterus or near the moment of birth; this mutation induces the development of pre-leukemia clones. Another event, happening in the early infancy, would develop this rst pre-leukemia clone into clinical leukemia. Based on the environmental events linked to other types of leukemia and in other studies, some risk factors have been proposed as inducing the mutations leading to all. Radiation (ionizing or not), infectious agents, and chemical products are thought to be the responsible for the disease. In the last decades, many authors tried to found an association between these risk factors and the development of childhood ALL. The results however were inconclusive and even contradictories. Ionizing radiation is the only one proved to play a role in the development of leukemia. Conclusion: As leukemia is a disease that affects children, costs of this pathology are high when talking about money expend for diagnosis and treatment and when thinking on the social and psychological burden. Considering the theory proposed by Greaves, there are at least, two moments, when the patient should avoid the exposition that leads to leukemia. Therefore, it is very important to nd the real risk factor or factors that are involved in the process., Objetivos: Para veri car o papel dos riscos ambientais no processo de desenvolvimento da leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) na infância. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se uma busca na literatura científica com o fim de avaliar o papel dos fatores de risco ambientais no desenvolvimento da leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Resultados: O papel do meio ambiente no desenvolvimento da LLA em crianças é desconhecido. A teoria de duas etapas proposto por Greaves, em 1988 é a hipótese mais aceitável. Um primeiro evento se produz “no útero” ou perto do momento do nascimento; esta mutação induz o desenvolvimento de clones pré-leucemia. Outro acontecimento, sucedido na infância precoce, se desenvolveria este primeiro clone de pré-leucemia em leucemia clínica. Com base nos eventos ambientais relacionados com outros tipos de leucemia e em outros estudos, alguns fatores de risco se têm proposto como a indução das mutações que conduzem a LLA infantil. Radiação (ionizante ou não), agentes infecciosos, e produtos químicos acredita-se que são responsáveis da doença. Nas últimas décadas, muitos autores tentaram encontrar uma associação entre estes fatores de risco e o desenvolvimento da LLA infantil. No entanto, os resultados não foram concludentes e inclusive contraditórios. A radiação ionizante é o único demonstrado desempenhar um papel no desenvolvimento da leucemia. Conclusão: Como a leucemia é uma doença que afeta às crianças, os custos desta patologia são altos quando se fala de dinheiro gasto para o diagnóstico e tratamento, e quando se pensa na carga social e psicológica. Tendo em conta a teoria proposta por Greaves, há pelo menos dois momentos quando o paciente deve evitar a exposição que conduz à leucemia. Pelo tanto, é muito importante encontrar o fator de risco real, ou fatores, que estão envolvidos no processo.
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- 2017
12. Copy Number Variations Associated With Obesity???Related Traits in African Americans: A Joint Analysis Between GENOA and HyperGEN
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Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical Collegeof Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, San Diego, California, USA, Zhao, Wei, Wineinger, Nathan E., Tiwari, Hemant K., Mosley, Thomas H., Broeckel, Ulrich, Arnett, Donna K., Kardia, Sharon L.R., Kabagambe, Edmond K., Sun, Yan V., Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical Collegeof Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, San Diego, California, USA, Zhao, Wei, Wineinger, Nathan E., Tiwari, Hemant K., Mosley, Thomas H., Broeckel, Ulrich, Arnett, Donna K., Kardia, Sharon L.R., Kabagambe, Edmond K., and Sun, Yan V.
- Published
- 2013
13. Pervasive exposure to violence and posttraumatic stress disorder in a predominantly African American Urban Community: The Detroit neighborhood health study
- Author
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University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan School of Social Work, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Emily Goldmann, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W. 168th Street, Room 1513, New York, NY 10032, Goldmann, Emily, Aiello, Allison, Uddin, Monica, Delva, Jorge, Koenen, Karestan, Gant, Larry M., Galea, Sandro, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan School of Social Work, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Emily Goldmann, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W. 168th Street, Room 1513, New York, NY 10032, Goldmann, Emily, Aiello, Allison, Uddin, Monica, Delva, Jorge, Koenen, Karestan, Gant, Larry M., and Galea, Sandro
- Abstract
Exposure to traumatic events is common, particularly among economically disadvantaged, urban African Americans. There is, however, scant data on the psychological consequences of exposure to traumatic events in this group. We assessed experience with traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 1,306 randomly selected, African American residents of Detroit. Lifetime prevalence of exposure to at least 1 traumatic event was 87.2% (assault = 51.0%). African Americans from Detroit have a relatively high burden of PTSD; 17.1% of those who experienced a traumatic event met criteria for probable lifetime PTSD. Assaultive violence is pervasive and is more likely to be associated with subsequent PTSD than other types of events. Further efforts to prevent violence and increase access to mental health treatment could reduce the mental health burden in economically disadvantaged urban areas.
- Published
- 2012
14. RISK FACTORS FOR SALMONELLA ORANIENBURG OUTBREAK IN A NURSING HOME IN MICHIGAN
- Author
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School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Epidemiology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, District Health Department 10, Cadillac, MI, Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, Bureau of Epidemiology, Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, MI, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Epidemiology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, District Health Department 10, Cadillac, MI, Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, and Bureau of Epidemiology, Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, MI
- Published
- 2010
15. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation-related genes and their associations with smoking-related cancers
- Author
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Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China, Herbert Irwing Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, Taixing City Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Taixing City, Jiangsu, China, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA ; Department of Statistics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA ; Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA ; Center for Metabolic Disease Prevention, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, NY, Department of Urology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, Jiangsu CDC, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, Gates Foundation Beijing Office, Beijing, China, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA ; Tel.: 310-825-8418, Fax: 310-206-6039 ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 71-225 CHS, Box 951772, 650 Charles E Young Drive, South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA, Oh, Sam S., Chang, Shen-Chih, Cai, Lin, Cordon-Cardo, Carlos, Ding, Bao-Guo, Greenland, Sander, He, Na, Jiang, Qingwu, Kheifets, Leeka, Le, Anh, Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy, Liu, Simin, Lu, Ming-Lan, Mao, Jenny T., Morgenstern, Hal, Mu, Li-Na, Pantuck, Allan, Papp, Jeanette C., Park, Sungshim Lani, Rao, Jian Yu, Reuter, Victor E., Tashkin, Donald P., Wang, Hua, You, Nai-Chieh Y., Yu, Shun-Zhang, Zhao, Jin-Kou, Belldegrun, Arie, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China, Herbert Irwing Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, Taixing City Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Taixing City, Jiangsu, China, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA ; Department of Statistics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA ; Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA ; Center for Metabolic Disease Prevention, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, NY, Department of Urology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, Jiangsu CDC, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, Gates Foundation Beijing Office, Beijing, China, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA ; Tel.: 310-825-8418, Fax: 310-206-6039 ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 71-225 CHS, Box 951772, 650 Charles E Young Drive, South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA, Oh, Sam S., Chang, Shen-Chih, Cai, Lin, Cordon-Cardo, Carlos, Ding, Bao-Guo, Greenland, Sander, He, Na, Jiang, Qingwu, Kheifets, Leeka, Le, Anh, Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy, Liu, Simin, Lu, Ming-Lan, Mao, Jenny T., Morgenstern, Hal, Mu, Li-Na, Pantuck, Allan, Papp, Jeanette C., Park, Sungshim Lani, Rao, Jian Yu, Reuter, Victor E., Tashkin, Donald P., Wang, Hua, You, Nai-Chieh Y., Yu, Shun-Zhang, Zhao, Jin-Kou, Belldegrun, Arie, and Zhang, Zuo-Feng
- Abstract
Tobacco smoke and its metabolites are carcinogens that increase tissue oxidative stress and induce target tissue inflammation. We hypothesized that genetic variation of inflammatory pathway genes plays a role in tobacco-related carcinogenesis and is modified by tobacco smoking. We evaluated the association of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation-related genes with tobacco-related cancers (lung, oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, bladder, and kidney) using 3 case-control studies from: Los Angeles (population-based; 611 lung and 553 upper aero-digestive tract cancer cases and 1,040 controls), Taixing, China (population-based; 218 esophagus, 206 stomach, 204 liver cancer cases, and 415 controls), and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (hospital-based; 227 bladder cancer cases and 211 controls). After adjusting for age, education, ethnicity, gender, and tobacco smoking, IL10 rs1800871 was inversely associated with oropharyngeal cancer (CT+TT vs . CC adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50???0.95), and was positively associated with lung cancer among never smokers (TT vs . CT+CC aOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3???5.1) and inversely with oropharyngeal cancer among ever smokers (CT+TT vs . CC aOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41???0.95). Among all pooled never smokers (588 cases and 816 controls), TNF rs1799964 was inversely associated with smoking-related cancer (CC vs . CT+TT aOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17???0.77). Bayesian correction for multiple comparisons suggests that chance is unlikely to explain our findings (although epigenetic mechanisms may be in effect), which support our hypotheses, suggesting that IL10 rs1800871 is a susceptibility marker for oropharyngeal and lung cancers, and that TNF rs1799964 is associated with smoking-related cancers among never smokers.
- Published
- 2010
16. Thiazolidinediones, cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality: translating research into action for diabetes (TRIAD)
- Author
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Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Professor of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology. ; Department of Epidemiology, 3920 Taubman Center, SPC 5354 Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Pacific Health Research Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Preventive Cardiology Program, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA, Department of Family Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, NJ, USA, Bilik, Dori, McEwen, Laura N., Brown, Morton B., Selby, Joe V., Karter, Andrew J., Marrero, David G., Hsiao, Victoria C., Tseng, Chien-Wen, Mangione, Carol M., Lasser, Norman L., Crosson, Jesse C., Herman, William H., Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Professor of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology. ; Department of Epidemiology, 3920 Taubman Center, SPC 5354 Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Pacific Health Research Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Preventive Cardiology Program, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA, Department of Family Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, NJ, USA, Bilik, Dori, McEwen, Laura N., Brown, Morton B., Selby, Joe V., Karter, Andrew J., Marrero, David G., Hsiao, Victoria C., Tseng, Chien-Wen, Mangione, Carol M., Lasser, Norman L., Crosson, Jesse C., and Herman, William H.
- Abstract
Background Studies have associated thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and questioned whether the two available TZDs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, have different CVD risks. We compared CVD incidence, cardiovascular (CV), and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone as their only TZD. Methods We analyzed survey, medical record, administrative, and National Death Index (NDI) data from 1999 through 2003 from Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD), a prospective observational study of diabetes care in managed care. Medications, CV procedures, and CVD were determined from health plan (HP) administrative data, and mortality was from NDI. Adjusted hazard rates (AHR) were derived from Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, history of diabetic nephropathy, history of CVD, insulin use, and HP. Results Across TRIAD's 10 HPs, 1,815 patients (24%) filled prescriptions for a TZD, 773 (10%) for only rosiglitazone, 711 (10%) for only pioglitazone, and 331 (4%) for multiple TZDs. In the seven HPs using both TZDs, 1,159 patients (33%) filled a prescription for a TZD, 564 (16%) for only rosiglitazone, 334 (10%) for only pioglitazone, and 261 (7%) for multiple TZDs. For all CV events, CV, and all-cause mortality, we found no significant difference between rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. Conclusions In this relatively small, prospective, observational study, we found no statistically significant differences in CV outcomes for rosiglitazone- compared to pioglitazone-treated patients. There does not appear to be a pattern of clinically meaningful differences in CV outcomes for rosiglitazone- versus pioglitazone-treated patients. Copyright ?? 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2010
17. A Re-analysis of Caries Rates in a Preventive Trial using Poisson Regression Models
- Author
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Department of Biological and Material Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, SM-35, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Healthand Community Medicine, Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Healthand Community Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Program in Epidemiology, and University of Washington, Seattle, Department of Oral Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, SM-35, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Hujoel, P. P., Isokangas, P. J., Tiekso, J., Davis, S., Lamont, R. J., DeRouen, T. A., Makinen, K. K., Department of Biological and Material Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, SM-35, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Healthand Community Medicine, Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Healthand Community Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Program in Epidemiology, and University of Washington, Seattle, Department of Oral Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, SM-35, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Hujoel, P. P., Isokangas, P. J., Tiekso, J., Davis, S., Lamont, R. J., DeRouen, T. A., and Makinen, K. K.
- Abstract
The analysis of caries incidence in clinical trials has several challenging features: (1) The distribution of the number of caries onsets per patient is skewed, with the majority of patients having few or no cavities; (2) the number of surfaces at risk varies (i) over time and (ii) between patients, due to eruption and exfoliation patterns, dental diseases, and treatments ; (3) surfaces within a patient differ in their caries susceptibility, and (4) caries onsets within a patient are correlated due to shared host factors. Recent statistical developments in the area of correlated data analyses permit incorporation of some of these characteristics into the analyses. With Poisson regression models, the expected number of caries onsets can be related to the number of surfaces at risk, the time they have been at risk, and surface- and subject-specific explanatory variables. The parameter estimated in these models is an epidemiological measure of disease occurrence: the disease incidence rate (caries rate) or the rate of change from healthy (sound) to diseased (carious). Differences and ratios of these rates provide standard epidemiological measures of excess risk. To illustrate, Poisson regression models were used for exploratory analyses of the Ylivieska xylitol study.
- Published
- 2010
18. The influence of a major disaster on suicide risk in the population
- Author
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Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI and the Subprogram in Clinical Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA ; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, 830 East Main Street, Suite 5028, P.O. Box 98012, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, Subprogram in Clinical Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, Department of Surgery, Section of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT and the Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, Mezuk, Briana, Larkin, Gregory Luke, Prescott, Marta R., Tracy, Melissa, Vlahov, David, Tardiff, Kenneth, Galea, Sandro, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI and the Subprogram in Clinical Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA ; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, 830 East Main Street, Suite 5028, P.O. Box 98012, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, Subprogram in Clinical Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, Department of Surgery, Section of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT and the Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, Mezuk, Briana, Larkin, Gregory Luke, Prescott, Marta R., Tracy, Melissa, Vlahov, David, Tardiff, Kenneth, and Galea, Sandro
- Abstract
The authors investigated the relationship between the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and suicide risk in New York City from 1990 to 2006. The average monthly suicide rate over the study period was 0.56 per 100,000 people. The monthly rate after September 2001 was 0.11 per 100,000 people lower as compared to the rate in the period before. However, the rate of change in suicide was not significantly different before and after the disaster, and regression discontinuity analysis indicated no change at this date. There was no net change in the suicide rate in New York City attributable to this disaster, suggesting that factors other than exposure to traumatic events (e.g., cultural norms, availability of lethal methods) may be key drivers of suicide risk in this context.
- Published
- 2010
19. Fast food and neighborhood stroke risk
- Author
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Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI ; University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center, Room 3194, 1500 East Medical Center Dr. SPC #5855, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5855, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, Morgenstern, Lewis B., Escobar, James D., S??nchez, Brisa N., Hughes, Rebecca, Zuniga, Belinda G., Garcia, Nelda, Lisabeth, Lynda D., Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI ; University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center, Room 3194, 1500 East Medical Center Dr. SPC #5855, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5855, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, Morgenstern, Lewis B., Escobar, James D., S??nchez, Brisa N., Hughes, Rebecca, Zuniga, Belinda G., Garcia, Nelda, and Lisabeth, Lynda D.
- Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between the number of fast food restaurants and ischemic stroke in neighborhoods. Methods This work was a prespecified part of the Brain Attack in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project. Ischemic stroke cases were prospectively ascertained in Nueces County, Texas. Home addresses were geocoded and used to establish the census tract for each stroke case. Census tracts were used as proxies for neighborhoods (n = 64). Using a standard definition, fast food restaurants were identified from a commercial list. Poisson regression was used to study the association between the number of fast food restaurants in the neighborhood, using a 1-mile buffer around each census tract, and the risk of stroke in the neighborhood. Models were adjusted for demographics and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). Results There were 1,247 completed ischemic strokes from January 2000 through June 2003 and 262 fast food restaurants. The median number of fast food restaurants per census tract including buffer was 22 (interquartile range, 12???33). Adjusting for neighborhood demographics and SES, the association of fast food restaurants with stroke was significant ( p = 0.02). The association suggested that the risk of stroke in a neighborhood increased by 1% for every fast food restaurant (relative risk, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00???1.01). The relative risk of stroke comparing neighborhoods in the 75th to the 25th percentile of the distribution of fast food restaurants was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.02???1.25). Interpretation Controlling for demographic and SES factors, there was a significant association between fast food restaurants and stroke risk in neighborhoods in this community-based study. Ann Neurol 2009;66:165???170
- Published
- 2009
20. Risk factors according to estrogen receptor status of breast cancer patients in Trivandrum, South India
- Author
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Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ; Fax: 001-734-764-3192. ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109, Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, Regional Cancer Center, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, Dey, Subhojit, Boffetta, Paolo, Mathews, Anitha, Brennan, Paul, Soliman, Amr, Mathew, Aleyamma, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ; Fax: 001-734-764-3192. ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109, Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, Regional Cancer Center, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, Dey, Subhojit, Boffetta, Paolo, Mathews, Anitha, Brennan, Paul, Soliman, Amr, and Mathew, Aleyamma
- Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) status is an important biomarker in defining subtypes of breast cancer differing in antihormonal therapy response, risk factors and prognosis. However, little is known about association of ER status with various risk factors in the developing world. Our case???control study done in Kerala, India looked at the associations of ER status and risk factors of breast cancer. From 2002 to 2005, 1,208 cases and controls were selected at the Regional Cancer Center (RCC), Trivandrum, Kerala, India. Information was collected using a standardized questionnaire, and 3-way analyses compared ER+/ER??? cases, ER+ cases/controls and ER??? cases/controls using unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The proportion of ER??? cases was higher (64.1%) than ER+ cases. Muslim women were more likely to have ER??? breast cancer compared to Hindus (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.02), an effect limited to premenopausal group (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.26, 2.77). Women with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to have ER+ breast cancer (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.98). Increasing BMI increased likelihood of ER??? breast cancer in premenopausal women ( p for trend < 0.001). Increasing age of marriage was positively associated with both ER+ and ER??? breast cancer. Increased breastfeeding and physical activity were in general protective for both ER+ and ER??? breast cancer. The findings of our study are significant in further understanding the relationship of ER status and risk factors of breast cancer in the context of the Indian subcontinent. ?? 2009 UICC
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- 2009
21. Predictors of inactive lifestyle among adult survivors of childhood cancer
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Department of Pediatrics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee ; Fax: (901) 495-5845 ; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Mail Code 735, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38138, Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, Department of Oncology, Cancer Survivorship Division, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, Division of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, Ness, Kirsten K., Leisenring, Wendy M., Huang, Sujuan, Hudson, Melissa M., Gurney, James G., Whelan, Kimberly, Hobbie, Wendy L., Armstrong, Gregory T., Robison, Leslie L., Oeffinger, Kevin C., Department of Pediatrics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee ; Fax: (901) 495-5845 ; Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Mail Code 735, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38138, Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, Department of Oncology, Cancer Survivorship Division, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, Division of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, Ness, Kirsten K., Leisenring, Wendy M., Huang, Sujuan, Hudson, Melissa M., Gurney, James G., Whelan, Kimberly, Hobbie, Wendy L., Armstrong, Gregory T., Robison, Leslie L., and Oeffinger, Kevin C.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Participation in physical activity is important for childhood cancer survivors, because inactivity may compound cancer/treatment-related late effects. However, some survivors may have difficulty participating in physical activity, and these individuals need to be identified so that risk-based guidelines for physical activity, tailored to specific needs, can be developed and implemented. The objectives of the current study were to document physical activity patterns in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) cohort, to compare the physical activity patterns with siblings in the CCSS and with a population-based sample from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and to evaluate associations between diagnosis, treatment, and personal factors in terms of the risk for an inactive lifestyle. METHODS: Percentages of participation in recommended physical activity were compared among survivors, siblings, and population norms. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the associations between cancer diagnosis and therapy, sociodemographics, and the risk for an inactive lifestyle. RESULTS: Participants included 9301 adult survivors of childhood cancer and 2886 siblings. Survivors were less likely than siblings (46% vs 52%) to meet physical activity guidelines and were more likely than siblings to report an inactive lifestyle (23% vs 14%). Medulloblastoma (35%) and osteosarcoma (27%) survivors reported the highest levels of inactive lifestyle. Treatments with cranial radiation or amputation were associated with an inactive lifestyle as were being a woman, black race, older age, lower educational attainment, underweight or obese status, smoking, and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood cancer survivors were less active than a sibling comparison group or an age- and sex-matched population sample. Survivors who are at risk for an inactive lifestyle should be considered high priority for developing and testing of intervention approaches. Cancer 2009. ?? 2
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- 2009
22. Testing for association between RNA-Seq and high-dimensional data
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Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center [sponsor], Rauschenberger, Armin, Jonker, Marianne A., van de Wiel, Mark A., Menezes, Renée X., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center [sponsor], Rauschenberger, Armin, Jonker, Marianne A., van de Wiel, Mark A., and Menezes, Renée X.
- Abstract
Background: Testing for association between RNA-Seq and other genomic data is challenging due to high variability of the former and high dimensionality of the latter. Results: Using the negative binomial distribution and a random-effects model, we develop an omnibus test that overcomes both difficulties. It may be conceptualised as a test of overall significance in regression analysis, where the response variable is overdispersed and the number of explanatory variables exceeds the sample size. Conclusions: The proposed test can detect genetic and epigenetic alterations that affect gene expression. It can examine complex regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. The R package globalSeq is available from Bioconductor.
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- 2016
23. Dietary flavonoid intake and lung cancer—A population-based case-control study
- Author
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Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles, California ; Department of Statistics, University of California at Los Angeles, California, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles, California ; Fax: (310) 206-6039 ; Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 71-225 CHS, Box 951772, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, Cui, Yan, Morgenstern, Hal, Greenland, Sander, Tashkin, Donald P., Mao, Jenny T., Cai, Lin, Cozen, Wendy, Mack, Thomas M., Lu, Qing-Yi, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles, California ; Department of Statistics, University of California at Los Angeles, California, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles, California ; Fax: (310) 206-6039 ; Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 71-225 CHS, Box 951772, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, Cui, Yan, Morgenstern, Hal, Greenland, Sander, Tashkin, Donald P., Mao, Jenny T., Cai, Lin, Cozen, Wendy, Mack, Thomas M., Lu, Qing-Yi, and Zhang, Zuo-Feng
- Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory studies suggest that flavonoids are antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic. To investigate the associations between commonly consumed flavonoid compounds and lung cancer, the authors conducted a population-based case–control study of 558 lung cancer cases and a group of 837 controls. METHODS Dietary intakes of flavonoids were estimated by combining the intake frequency (collected by a food frequency questionnaire), portion size, and food composition data. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence limits (95% CLs) with an adjustment for potential confounders, including age, sex, race-ethnicity, years of schooling, smoking status, pack-years of tobacco smoking, and daily energy intake. RESULTS Lung cancer was associated inversely with the consumption of epicatechin (in 10 mg per day increment: OR, 0.64; 95% CL, 0.46–0.88), catechin (4 mg per day increment: OR, 0.49; 95% CL, 0.35–0.70), quercetin (9 mg per day increment: OR, 0.65; 95% CL, 0.44–0.95), and kaempferol (2 mg per day increment: OR, 0.68; 95% CL, 0.51–0.90) among tobacco smokers. There was little association between lung cancer and the flavonoid compounds mentioned above among nonsmokers. Regardless of smoking status, there was little association with total flavonoids: thearubigins, hesperetin, naringenin, and myricetin. In addition, consumption of vegetables, tea, and wine, all of which are rich sources of flavonoids, was associated inversely with lung cancer among tobacco smokers. CONCLUSIONS Certain flavonoid compounds, including epicatechin, catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol, were associated inversely with lung cancer among tobacco smokers, but not among nonsmokers. Further studies of these associations may be warranted. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
- Published
- 2008
24. Occupational exposure to meat and risk of lymphoma: A multicenter case-control study from Europe
- Author
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Department of Lifestyle, Environment and Cancer, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France ; Department of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Lifestyle, Environment and Cancer, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, Division of Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain, Unit of Biological Hematology, Hematology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Public Health, Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Public Health and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland, Department of Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand, Department of Lifestyle, Environment and Cancer, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France ; Fax +33-4-72738320. ; Lifestyle, Environment and Cancer Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France, Moore, Tina, Brennan, Paul, Becker, Nikolaus, De Sanjosé, Silvia, Maynadié, Marc, Foretova, Lenka, Cocco, Pierluigi, Staines, Anthony, Nieters, Alexandra, Font, Rebecca, Mannetje, Andrea 't, Benhaim-Luzon, Véronique, Boffetta, Paolo, Department of Lifestyle, Environment and Cancer, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France ; Department of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Lifestyle, Environment and Cancer, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, Division of Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain, Unit of Biological Hematology, Hematology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Public Health, Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Public Health and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland, Department of Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand, Department of Lifestyle, Environment and Cancer, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France ; Fax +33-4-72738320. ; Lifestyle, Environment and Cancer Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France, Moore, Tina, Brennan, Paul, Becker, Nikolaus, De Sanjosé, Silvia, Maynadié, Marc, Foretova, Lenka, Cocco, Pierluigi, Staines, Anthony, Nieters, Alexandra, Font, Rebecca, Mannetje, Andrea 't, Benhaim-Luzon, Véronique, and Boffetta, Paolo
- Abstract
Several studies have suggested an increased risk of lymphoma among workers exposed to meat, without conclusive evidence. We conducted a multicenter case-control study during 1998–2004 in the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and Spain, including 2,007 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 339 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma and 2,462 controls. We collected detailed information on occupational history and assessed exposure to meat in general and several types of meat via expert assessment of the questionnaires. The odds ratio (OR) of non-Hodgkin lymphoma for ever occupational exposure to meat was 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–1.46), that for exposure to beef meat was 1.22 (95% CI 0.90–1.67), and that for exposure to chicken meat was 1.19 (95% CI 0.91–1.55). The ORs were higher among workers with longer duration of exposure. An increased risk among workers exposed to beef meat was mainly apparent for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR 1.49, 95%CI 0.96–2.33), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.78–2.34) and multiple myeloma (OR 1.40, 95%CI 0.67–2.94). The latter 2 types were also associated with exposure to chicken meat (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01–2.37, and OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.14–3.69). Follicular lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma, as well as Hodgkin lymphoma did not show any increase in risk. Occupational exposure to meat does not appear to represent an important risk factor of lymphoma, although an increased risk of specific types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cannot be excluded. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- 2007
25. Features of the metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer in African-American men
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Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Fax: (734) 764–3192. ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 109 South Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Beebe-Dimmer, Jennifer L., Dunn, Rodney L., Sarma, Aruna V., Montie, James E., Cooney, Kathleen A., Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Fax: (734) 764–3192. ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 109 South Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Beebe-Dimmer, Jennifer L., Dunn, Rodney L., Sarma, Aruna V., Montie, James E., and Cooney, Kathleen A.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND. Metabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of conditions that includes hypertension, dyslipidemia, central adiposity, and high blood glucose levels. Over the past decade, a growing body of literature suggests that metabolic syndrome may be associated with several different forms of cancer. Because prostate cancer risk is highest among African Americans, and these men, similarly, are more prone to developing specific features of the metabolic syndrome, including hypertension and type-2 diabetes, any relationships would have a significant impact on developing strategies for the primary prevention of prostate cancer. METHODS. The Flint Men's Health Study is a community-based, case-control study of prostate cancer conducted exclusively among African Americans. Prostate cancer cases and controls completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire that asked about the respondent's history of high blood pressure and diabetes. All men also participated in a physical examination in which several measures of body composition, including waist circumference, were collected. RESULTS. Hypertension was reported more commonly among men with prostate cancer (cases) compared with men in the control group (odds ratio [OR]. 2.4; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.5–3.7), and cases were more likely to have a waist circumference >102 cm (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–2.9). However, self-reported diabetes was not associated with prostate cancer risk. The men with prostate cancer also were more likely than controls to exhibit multiple syndrome characteristics (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2–3.0). CONCLUSIONS. The current results indicated that features of the metabolic syndrome, specifically abdominal obesity and hypertension, are associated with prostate cancer in African-American men. This relationship, if it is proved causal, suggests that prevention or control of these conditions eventually may lead to a reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer in this high-risk minority group. Cancer 2007
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- 2007
26. Spatial clustering of endemic Burkitt's lymphoma in high-risk regions of Kenya
- Author
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Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ; Fax: +404-639-8474. ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Program MS E-05, Global Immunization Division, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, Rainey, Jeanette J., Omenah, Dorine, Sumba, Peter O., Moormann, Ann M., Rochford, Rosemary, Wilson, Mark L., Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ; Fax: +404-639-8474. ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Program MS E-05, Global Immunization Division, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, Rainey, Jeanette J., Omenah, Dorine, Sumba, Peter O., Moormann, Ann M., Rochford, Rosemary, and Wilson, Mark L.
- Abstract
Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL), the most common childhood cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, occurs at a high incidence in western Kenya, a region that also experiences holoendemic malaria. Holoendemic malaria has been identified as a co-factor in the etiology of this cancer. We hypothesized that eBL may cluster spatially within this region. Medical records for all eBL cases diagnosed from 1999 through 2004 at Nyanza Provincial General Hospital were reviewed for case residential information to examine this hypothesis. Two cluster detection methods, Anselin's Local Moran test for spatial autocorrelation and a spatial scan test statistic, were applied to this residential data to determine whether statistically significant high- and low-risk areas were present in the Province. During the 6-year study period, 272 children were diagnosed with eBL, with an average annual incidence of 2.15 cases per 100,000 children. Using Empirical Bayes smoothed rates, the Local Moran test identified 1 large multi-centered area of low eBL risk ( p -values < 0.01) and 2 significant multi-centered clusters of high eBL risk ( p -values < 0.001). The spatial scan detected 3 small independent low-risk areas ( p -values < 0.02) and 2 high-risk clusters ( p -values = 0.001), both similar in location to those identified from the Local Moran analysis. Significant spatial clustering of elevated eBL risk in high-malaria transmission regions and of reduced incidence where malaria is infrequent suggests that malaria plays a role in the complex eBL etiology, but that additional factors are also likely involved. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- 2007
27. A scan statistic for identifying chromosomal patterns of SNP association
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Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 611 Church Street, #246, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-3028, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, Sun, Yan V., Levin, Albert M., Boerwinkle, Eric, Robertson, Henry, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 611 Church Street, #246, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-3028, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas, Sun, Yan V., Levin, Albert M., Boerwinkle, Eric, Robertson, Henry, and Kardia, Sharon L. R.
- Abstract
We have developed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association scan statistic that takes into account the complex distribution of the human genome variation in the identification of chromosomal regions with significant SNP associations. This scan statistic has wide applicability for genetic analysis, whether to identify important chromosomal regions associated with common diseases based on whole-genome SNP association studies or to identify disease susceptibility genes based on dense SNP positional candidate studies. To illustrate this method, we analyzed patterns of SNP associations on chromosome 19 in a large cohort study. Among 2,944 SNPs, we found seven regions that contained clusters of significantly associated SNPs. The average width of these regions was 35 kb with a range of 10–72 kb. We compared the scan statistic results to Fisher's product method using a sliding window approach, and detected 22 regions with significant clusters of SNP associations. The average width of these regions was 131 kb with a range of 10.1–615 kb. Given that the distances between SNPs are not taken into consideration in the sliding window approach, it is likely that a large fraction of these regions represents false positives. However, all seven regions detected by the scan statistic were also detected by the sliding window approach. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns within the seven regions were highly variable indicating that the clusters of SNP associations were not due to LD alone. The scan statistic developed here can be used to make gene-based or region-based SNP inferences about disease association. Genet. Epidemiol . 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- 2007
28. Ethnic differences in stroke recurrence
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Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health ; Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 109 South Observatory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health ; Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, Lisabeth, Lynda D., Smith, Melinda A., Brown, Devin L., Moyé, Lemuel A., Risser, Jan M. H., Morgenstern, Lewis B., Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health ; Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 109 South Observatory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health ; Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, Lisabeth, Lynda D., Smith, Melinda A., Brown, Devin L., Moyé, Lemuel A., Risser, Jan M. H., and Morgenstern, Lewis B.
- Abstract
Objective To determine whether stroke recurrence and the effect of recurrence on mortality differ by ethnicity. Methods Using methods from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project, we prospectively identified first-ever ischemic strokes from emergency department logs and hospital admissions (January 2000 to December 2004). Recurrent strokes and deaths were identified for the same period. Cumulative probability of stroke recurrence was estimated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine ethnic differences in recurrence and to examine the relation among ethnicity, recurrence, and mortality. Results During the time interval, 1,345 first-ever ischemic strokes were validated. Median age of patients was 72 years; 53% were Mexican American (MA). There were 126 recurrent strokes. Cumulative risk for recurrence at 30 days and 1 year was 2.6 and 7.5%, respectively. MAs had higher risk for stroke recurrence (risk ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–2.34) compared with non-Hispanic white patients, adjusted for demographics, stroke risk factors, and stroke severity. Stroke recurrence was related to mortality to a similar extent across ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white patients: risk ratio, 3.32; 95% confidence interval, 2.07–5.32; MAs: risk ratio, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–3.88). Interpretation MAs had higher stroke recurrence risk compared with non-Hispanic white patients. Stroke recurrence had an important impact on mortality. Efforts to reduce stroke recurrence in MAs are needed. Ann Neurol 2006
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- 2007
29. Viral-induced fusion of human cells. I. Quantitative studies on the fusion of human diploid fibroblasts induced by sendai virus
- Author
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Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Supported by fellowship funds from the Universidad Nacional Aut??noma de M??xico. Send reprint requests to: Dr. A. Vel??zquez, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom??dicas, U.N.A.M., Apdo. Postal 70228, M??xico 20, D.F., M??xico., Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Vel??zquez, Antonio, Payne, Francis E., Krooth, Robert S., Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Supported by fellowship funds from the Universidad Nacional Aut??noma de M??xico. Send reprint requests to: Dr. A. Vel??zquez, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom??dicas, U.N.A.M., Apdo. Postal 70228, M??xico 20, D.F., M??xico., Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Vel??zquez, Antonio, Payne, Francis E., and Krooth, Robert S.
- Abstract
Human diploid fibroblasts in monolayer cultures underwent cyto-plasmic fusion in the presence of UV-inactivated Sendai virus. The proportion of nuclei in the cultures which were in polykaryocytes (???polykaryocytic index???) under the conditions used in the present study, was about 0.50. When the cells were fused by the methods developed for the present study, the polykaryocytic index was substantially higher than when the conventional method was employed. The extent of fusion obtained was dependent, up to a certain degree, on the concentration of the virus and on the cell population density. The polykaryocytic index reached a maximum four to six hours after the cells were exposed to virus, but the frequency of cells with very high numbers of nuclei continued to increase for at least two days. Evidence is presented which suggests that the population of mononucleate cells is heterogeneous as regards their ability to fuse. The distribution of multinucleate cells with various numbers of nuclei roughly fits the Poisson distribution, although the frequency of cells with very large numbers of nuclei is substantially greater than the Poisson would predict.
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- 2007
30. The association of endogenous hormone concentrations and bone mineral density measures in pre- and perimenopausal women of four ethnic groups: SWAN
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Rm 3073, SPH-I Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, US, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA, US, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, US, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, CA, US, Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, US, Ann Arbor, Sherman, S., Sowers, MaryFran R., Ettinger, B., Finkelstein, J.S., Cauley, J.A., Bondarenko, I., Neer, R.M., Greendale, G.A., Rm 3073, SPH-I Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, US, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA, US, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, US, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, CA, US, Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, US, Ann Arbor, Sherman, S., Sowers, MaryFran R., Ettinger, B., Finkelstein, J.S., Cauley, J.A., Bondarenko, I., Neer, R.M., and Greendale, G.A.
- Abstract
???We evaluated bone mineral density (BMD), hormone concentrations and menstrual cycle status to test the hypothesis that greater variations in reproductive hormones and menstrual bleeding patterns in mid-aged women might engender an environment permissive for less bone. We studied 2336 women, aged 42???52 years, from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) who self-identified as African-American (28.2%), Caucasian (49.9%), Japanese (10.5%) or Chinese (11.4%). Outcome measures were lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip BMD by dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DXA). Explanatory variables were estradiol, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from serum collected in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle or menstrual status [premenopausal (menses in the 3 months prior to study entry without change in regularity) or early perimenopause (menstrual bleeding in the 3 months prior to study entry but some change in the regularity of cycles)]. Total testosterone and estradiol concentrations were indexed to SHBG for the Free Androgen Index (FAI) and the Free Estradiol Index (FEI). Serum logFSH concentrations were inversely correlated with BMD (r =???10 for lumbar spine [95% confidence interval (CI):???0.13,???0.06] and r =???0.08 for femoral neck (95% CI:???0.11,???0.05). Lumbar spine BMD values were approximately 0.5% lower for each successive FSH quartile. There were no significant associations of BMD with serum estradiol, total testosterone, FEI or FAI, respectively, after adjusting for covariates. BMD tended to be lower (p values = 0.009 to 0.06, depending upon the skeletal site) in women classified as perimenopausal versus premenopausal, after adjusting for covariates. Serum FSH but not serum estradiol, testosterone or SHBG were significantly associated with BMD in a multiethnic population of women classified as pre- versus perimenopausal, supporting the hypothesis that alterations in horm
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- 2006
31. Endogenous hormones and bone turnover markers in pre- and perimenopausal women: SWAN
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Rm 2624, SPH-1, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, CA 94611, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA, Ann Arbor, Ettinger, B., Bondarenko, I., Greendale, G.A., Cauley, J.A., Neer, R.M., Finkelstein, J.S., Sowers, MaryFran R., Rm 2624, SPH-1, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, CA 94611, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA, Ann Arbor, Ettinger, B., Bondarenko, I., Greendale, G.A., Cauley, J.A., Neer, R.M., Finkelstein, J.S., and Sowers, MaryFran R.
- Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that higher serum osteocalcin and urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) concentrations would be found in women with increasing cycle irregularity or increased follicle stimulating hormone concentrations. We studied 2,375 pre- and early perimenopausal women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), aged 42???52??years, who self-identified their race/ethnic origin as African-American (28.3%), Caucasian (49.4%), Japanese (10.5%) or Chinese (11.8%). Outcome measures were serum osteocalcin, a measure of bone formation, and NTx, a measure of bone resorption. The explanatory variables were menopausal status, based on self-reported regularity of menstrual bleeding, and circulating endogenous hormone concentrations including estradiol (E 2), testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations. Additionally, we evaluated the association of the bone turnover markers with the Free Androgen Index (FAI) and the Free Estradiol Index (FEI), ratios of total testosterone and estradiol concentrations to SHBG, respectively. Higher FSH concentrations were associated with higher NTx concentrations (?? =0.003, partial r 2 =2.1%, p <0.0001), both before and after adjusting for other covariates (total explained variability of 9%). Higher FSH concentrations were also associated with higher osteocalcin concentrations (?? =???0.216, partial r 2 =4.1%, p <0.0001, total explained variability of 15.4%). There were no significant associations of the bone turnover markers with other endogenous hormones, following adjustment for covariates. Mean osteocalcin and NTx values were not significantly different in premenopausal women compared to early perimenopausal women. In these pre- and early perimenopausal women, higher FSH concentrations, but not other serum reproductive hormone concentrations, are positively associated with greater bone turnover prior to the last menstrual period.
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- 2006
32. INS PstI polymorphism and prostate cancer in African-American men
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Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; 7310 CCGC 0946, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0946., Claeys, Gina B., Sarma, Aruna V., Dunn, Rodney L., Zuhlke, Kimberly A., Beebe-Dimmer, Jennifer, Montie, James E., Wojno, Kirk J., Schottenfeld, David, Cooney, Kathleen A., Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; 7310 CCGC 0946, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0946., Claeys, Gina B., Sarma, Aruna V., Dunn, Rodney L., Zuhlke, Kimberly A., Beebe-Dimmer, Jennifer, Montie, James E., Wojno, Kirk J., Schottenfeld, David, and Cooney, Kathleen A.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND Both prostate cancer and diabetes mellitus are common diseases in African-American men. High insulin levels and insulin resistance have been implicated in prostate cancer development, which has prompted a recent investigation of a possible role for germline variation in the insulin gene ( INS ) and prostate cancer risk. METHODS Four hundred sixty-six African-American men with and without prostate cancer from the Flint Men's Health Study were typed for the INS Pst1 genotype using restriction digest and direct sequencing. An association between the Pst1 genotype and prostate cancer was examined using crude and age-adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS African-American men who were homozygous for the INS PstI CC genotype were 1.59 times more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer compared to men with the TT or TC genotypes (95% CI???=???0.93???2.72). The association appeared stronger among diabetics compared to non-diabetics; however this observation was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our study, taken together with the report of [Ho et al. Br J Cancer 88:263???269, 2003], suggests that the INS Pst1 CC genotype is associated with prostate cancer risk in African-American men. Germline variation in the INS gene should be more fully explored in multiethnic studies to elucidate the molecular variant(s) associated with prostate carcinogenesis. ?? 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- 2006
33. Mitochondrial polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes-related traits in Finns
- Author
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Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, and Department of Biochemistry, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, and Department of Biochemistry, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, ; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, ; South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Sein??joki, Finland, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, 4109-F Neurosciences Research Building, 103 Mason Farm Road, CB#7264, 27599-7264, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, Ann Arbor, Chines, Peter S., Watanabe, Richard M., Boehnke, Michael, Buchanan, Thomas A., Conneely, Karen N., Narisu, Narisu, Erdos, Michael R., Valle, Timo T., Collins, Francis S., Enloe, Sareena, Bergman, Richard N., Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Mohlke, Karen L., Suh, Yong D., Peck, Erin C., Scott, Laura J., Jackson, Anne U., Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, and Department of Biochemistry, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, and Department of Biochemistry, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, ; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, ; South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Sein??joki, Finland, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, 4109-F Neurosciences Research Building, 103 Mason Farm Road, CB#7264, 27599-7264, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, Ann Arbor, Chines, Peter S., Watanabe, Richard M., Boehnke, Michael, Buchanan, Thomas A., Conneely, Karen N., Narisu, Narisu, Erdos, Michael R., Valle, Timo T., Collins, Francis S., Enloe, Sareena, Bergman, Richard N., Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Mohlke, Karen L., Suh, Yong D., Peck, Erin C., Scott, Laura J., and Jackson, Anne U.
- Abstract
Mitochondria play an integral role in ATP production in cells and are involved in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, suggesting that variants in the mitochondrial genome may contribute to diabetes susceptibility. In a study of Finnish families ascertained for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on phylogenetic networks. These SNPs defined eight major haplogroups and subdivided groups H and U, which are common in Finns. We evaluated association with both diabetes disease status and up to 14 diabetes-related traits for 762 cases, 402 non-diabetic controls, and 465 offspring of genotyped females. Haplogroup J showed a trend toward association with T2DM affected status (OR 1.69, P =0.056) that became slightly more significant after excluding cases with affected fathers (OR 1.77, P =0.045). We also genotyped non-haplogroup-tagging SNPs previously reported to show evidence for association with diabetes or related traits. Our data support previous evidence for association of T16189C with reduced ponderal index at birth and also show evidence for association with reduced birthweight but not with diabetes status. Given the multiple tests performed and the significance levels obtained, this study suggests that mitochondrial genome variants may play at most a modest role in glucose metabolism in the Finnish population. Furthermore, our data do not support a reported maternal inheritance pattern of T2DM but instead show a strong effect of recall bias.
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- 2006
34. Variation in the resistin gene is associated with obesity and insulin-related phenotypes in Finnish subjects
- Author
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Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109???2029, USA, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, Ann Arbor, Collins, Francis S., Bergman, Richard N., Watanabe, Richard M., Buchanan, Thomas A., Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Lazaridis, K.N., Scott, Laura J., Mohlke, Karen L., Silander, K., Boehnke, Michael, Conneely, Karen N., Valle, Timo T., Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109???2029, USA, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA, Ann Arbor, Collins, Francis S., Bergman, Richard N., Watanabe, Richard M., Buchanan, Thomas A., Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Lazaridis, K.N., Scott, Laura J., Mohlke, Karen L., Silander, K., Boehnke, Michael, Conneely, Karen N., and Valle, Timo T.
- Abstract
Resistin is a peptide hormone produced by adipocytes that is present at high levels in sera of obese mice and may be involved in glucose homeostasis through regulation of insulin sensitivity. Several studies in humans have found associations between polymorphisms in the resistin gene and obesity, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure. An association between variation in the resistin gene and Type 2 diabetes has been reported in some, but not all studies. The aim of this study was to analyse variants of the resistin gene for association with Type 2 diabetes and related traits in a Finnish sample.
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- 2006
35. Cold-adapted reassortants of influenza A virus: Pathogenicity of A/Ann Arbor/6/60×A/Alaska/6/77 reassortant viruses In vivo and In vitro
- Author
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Department of Virology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, U.K.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.; Department of Bacteriology, Tohoku University, School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiromachai, Sendai, Japan, Department of Virology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, U.K.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.; Department of Bacteriology, Tohoku University, School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiromachai, Sendai, Japan; Department of Immunology, St. Georges Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW 17 ORE, London, U.K., Ann Arbor, Potter, C.W., Heath, A.W., Maassab, Hunein F., DeBorde, Dan C., Odagiri, Takato, Department of Virology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, U.K.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.; Department of Bacteriology, Tohoku University, School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiromachai, Sendai, Japan, Department of Virology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, U.K.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.; Department of Bacteriology, Tohoku University, School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiromachai, Sendai, Japan; Department of Immunology, St. Georges Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW 17 ORE, London, U.K., Ann Arbor, Potter, C.W., Heath, A.W., Maassab, Hunein F., DeBorde, Dan C., and Odagiri, Takato
- Abstract
Cold-adapted reassortants of A/Ann Arbor/6/60×A/Alaska/6/77 viruses made in MDCK cells have recently been assessed genotypically and for temperature-sensitive and cold-adapted phenotypes. These reassortants were used to infect ferrets and hamsters and to inoculate organ cultures of hamster tracheal rings, in order to assess their degree of virulence. Virulence in the three model systems corresponded quite well, and a correlation between loss of virulence and particular A/AA/6/60 genes present in the reassortants was noted. Two different reassortants containing either RNA 2 or RNA 5 (NA gene) alone from A/AA/6/60 showed little attenuation from the wild-type parent. A reassortant containing both RNA2 and the NA gene from A/AA/6/60 and all remaining wild-type genes showed some small decrease in virulence compared to the wild-type virus. However a reassortant containing these two A/AA/6/60 genes and RNA 3 as an additional gene from this parent, had a level of attenuation comparable to that of the cold-adapted virus.
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- 2006
36. Interpregnancy weight retention patterning in women who breastfed
- Author
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Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; University of Michigan, Department of Epidemiology, Rm. 3073 SPH I, 109 S. Observatory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Sowers, MaryFran R., Zhang, Daowen, Janney, Carol A., Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; University of Michigan, Department of Epidemiology, Rm. 3073 SPH I, 109 S. Observatory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Sowers, MaryFran R., Zhang, Daowen, and Janney, Carol A.
- Abstract
This study compares weight change in lactating women with an 18-month interpregnancy interval with woman who also breastfed but did not have an immediate subsequent pregnancy. Cases were women who breastfed an index infant for 6 months and subsequently became pregnant within 18 months (cases = 25), and the controls also breastfed an index infant for 6 months but had no ensuing pregnancy (controls = 20) within 18 months. The pattern of postpartum weight retention following the initial pregnancy was not statistically different in cases compared to the controls. However, following their ensuing subsequent pregnancy, cases were 1.3 kg heavier than their average weight after their baseline pregnancy (P = 0.02). The best predictor of this greater weight was their weight change during the interpregnancy interval (P = 0.03). Total weight gain during the gestational period of the subsequent pregnancy was not associated with the greater weight following the subsequent pregnancy. Likewise, estimates of the amount of energy as calories or physical activity levels were not significant predictors of this greater weight following the subsequent pregnancy. These findings suggest that monitoring of postpartum weight, even in breastfeeding women, is essential. These findings indicate that breastfeeding women begin the next postpartum interval weighing more than the amount observed in the initial postpartum period. J. Matern.-Fetal Med. 7:89-94, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- 2006
37. Risk perception and concern among brothers of men with prostate carcinoma
- Author
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Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Fax: (734) 615-2719 ; 7310 CCGC, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0946, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Beebe-Dimmer, Jennifer L., Wood, David P., Gruber, Stephen B., Chilson, Doug M., Zuhlke, Kimberly A., Claeys, Gina B., Cooney, Kathleen A., Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Fax: (734) 615-2719 ; 7310 CCGC, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0946, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Beebe-Dimmer, Jennifer L., Wood, David P., Gruber, Stephen B., Chilson, Doug M., Zuhlke, Kimberly A., Claeys, Gina B., and Cooney, Kathleen A.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important for clinicians, researchers, and others who shape public health policy to understand the demographic correlates and psychologic factors that drive health behaviors, such as screening for early detection of cancer, particularly among individuals at high risk for developing the disease. METHODS One-hundred eleven men whose brothers were diagnosed with prostate carcinoma completed a computer-assisted telephone interview aimed to assess their perception of absolute risk and concern about developing prostate carcinoma over the next 10 years and across their lifetime. Comparisons were made between selected demographic, behavioral, family pedigree characteristics, and measures of perceived risk and concern. RESULTS The majority of men perceived their personal risk of developing prostate carcinoma to be ≥ 50%. Men who at the time of the interview were younger than their affected brother were significantly more concerned about prostate carcinoma and perceived their risk to be higher than men who were older than their brother. Estimates of personal risk and concern were also uniformly higher among men with more than one first-degree relative affected with prostate carcinoma compared to men with only one affected first-degree relative. Risk perception and concern about an impending prostate carcinoma diagnosis were associated with the use of supplements marketed for prostate health. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that birth order in relation to a brother diagnosed with prostate carcinoma is significantly associated with risk perception and concern in unaffected family members. These results highlight the need for further study of the familial dynamics and characteristics that drive health behaviors and stress importance of public health education to inform men of personal risk assessment as well as the risks and benefits of screening. These studies ultimately can contribute to the success of strategies for the primary prevention and early detecti
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- 2006
38. Characteristics of individuals and long term reproducibility of dietary reports: The Tecumseh diet methodology study
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Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A.; Human Nutrition Program, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Thompson, Frances E., Metzner, Helen Low, Lamphiear, Donald E., Hawthorne, Victor M., Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A.; Human Nutrition Program, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Thompson, Frances E., Metzner, Helen Low, Lamphiear, Donald E., and Hawthorne, Victor M.
- Abstract
Food frequency reports in 1967-1969 were compared to frequency reports of the same foods asked retrospectively in 1982-1983 about 1967-1969 for 1184 respondents aged 45-64 years in the Tecumseh Community Health Study. The kappa statistic for concordance of the retrospective and baseline reports was used as a summary measure of the individual's ability to reproduce his or her earlier diet report. Reproducibility was estimated for total diet, represented by 83 foods, and for 9 subsets of foods of epidemiologic interest. In bivariate and multivariate analyses, reproducibility was strongly related to stability of diet; those whose diets changed least over the 15-year period had greatest diet reproducibility. Greater total diet reproducibility was also found among men with higher education, among women of <110% desirable weight reporting no special diet and among women reporting no medications. Consistent with current models of memory, the retrospective report of diet was strongly related to the current report of diet. Agreement between the retrospective and baseline diet reports was greater than agreement between the current and baseline diet reports. This indicates that, as a proxy for past diet, the retrospective report of diet is superior to the current report. Similar relationships were found for the 9 subset of foods.
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- 2006
39. Comparison of surrogate and subject reports of dietary practices, smoking habits and weight among married couples in the tecumseh diet methodology study
- Author
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Department Human Nutrition Program, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Metzner, Helen Low, Lamphiear, Donald E., Thompson, Frances E., Oh, Mary S., Hawthorne, Victor M., Department Human Nutrition Program, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Metzner, Helen Low, Lamphiear, Donald E., Thompson, Frances E., Oh, Mary S., and Hawthorne, Victor M.
- Abstract
Agreement between surrogate and subject reports of current food frequencies and other eating habits, smoking behavior and weight was assessed in 1982-1983 for 180 husbands and wives, aged 45 through 64 years. Agreement was measured by per cent exact agreement and weighted kappa for frequencies of 30 itemized foods or food groups, and for surrogate- and subject-based quintiles of frequencies of eight broad food groups and of vitamin A and C consumption indexes. Surrogate and subject mean frequencies were generally similar, but at the individual level of analysis, agreement varied widely. Agreement was greatest, among the food items and groups, for alcoholic beverages, and among the other items, for smoking status. Extreme misclassification by quintile was very small, but only 40% of persons self-classified in either extreme quintile were similarly classified by their spouses. This level of misclassification may result in the dilution of real relationships between diet and health.
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- 2006
40. Natural killer cell activity in depressive illness: preliminary report
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Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Kronfol, Ziad A., Nair, Madhavan P.N., Goodson, JoAnn, Goel, Kavita, Haskett, Roger, Schwartz, Stanley, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Kronfol, Ziad A., Nair, Madhavan P.N., Goodson, JoAnn, Goel, Kavita, Haskett, Roger, and Schwartz, Stanley
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- 2006
41. Peri-operative mortality and long-term survival after partial versus radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer
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None, Larcher, Alessandro; URI, Urological Research Institute, Division Of Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, Sun, Maxine; Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada, Schiffmann, Jonas; Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, Tian, Zhe; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, Shariat, Shahrokh F.; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, McCormack, Michael; Department of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada, Saad, Fred; Department of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada, Buffi, Nicolò M.; Department of Urology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy, Briganti, Alberto; Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy, Guazzoni, Giorgio; Department of Urology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy, Montorsi, Francesco; Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy, Karakiewicz, Pierre I.; Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada, None, Larcher, Alessandro; URI, Urological Research Institute, Division Of Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, Sun, Maxine; Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada, Schiffmann, Jonas; Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, Tian, Zhe; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, Shariat, Shahrokh F.; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, McCormack, Michael; Department of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada, Saad, Fred; Department of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada, Buffi, Nicolò M.; Department of Urology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy, Briganti, Alberto; Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy, Guazzoni, Giorgio; Department of Urology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy, Montorsi, Francesco; Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy, and Karakiewicz, Pierre I.; Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to compare partial cystectomy (PC) and radical cystectomy (RC) with respect to 90-day mortality as well as long-term, all cause (ACM) and cancer specific mortality (CSM).Methods: Using the SEER-Medicare database 3913 patients with T2-T3 urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB) who underwent either RC (n = 3419) or PC (n = 494) were identified. After propensity score matching to reduce potential treatment selection bias, 90-day mortality, ACM-free and CSM-free rates between patients treated with PC and RC were estimated. Multivariable regression models (MVA) addressed 90-day mortality as well as 5-years ACM and CSM.Results: After matching, 33% (n = 494) and 67% (n = 988) patients treated respectively with PC or RC remained. Median follow-up was 26 months. The 90-day mortality rate was 3.2% (n = 16) after PC and 8.1% (n = 80) after RC (P = 0.001). In MVA, PC vs. RC was associated with a lower 90-day mortality (P < 0.001). At 5 years the ACM-free survival rate was 38% after PC and 40% after RC (P = 0.3) and failed to differ in MVA (P = 0.9). At 5 years the CSM-free survival rate was 59% after PC and 62% after RC (P = 0.2) and also failed to differ in MVA (P = 0.57). The same results were observed after restriction to patients with pT2N0 UCUB.Conclusions: Relative to RC, PC is associated with lower short-term mortality and the same long-term ACM and CSM rates. These observations should encourage greater consideration to PC in those selected cases when this type of surgery may be applied.
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- 2015
42. Simulation models for socioeconomic inequalities in health: a systematic review
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UCL - SSS/IRSS - Institut de recherche santé et société, McGill University, Montreal, Canada - Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany - Department Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Ghent University - Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Speybroeck, Niko, Van Malderen, Carine, Harper, Sam, Müller, Birgit, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, UCL - SSS/IRSS - Institut de recherche santé et société, McGill University, Montreal, Canada - Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany - Department Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Ghent University - Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Speybroeck, Niko, Van Malderen, Carine, Harper, Sam, Müller, Birgit, and Devleesschauwer, Brecht
- Abstract
Background: The emergence and evolution of socioeconomic inequalities in health involves multiple factors interacting with each other at different levels. Simulation models are suitable for studying such complex and dynamic systems and have the ability to test the impact of policy interventions in silico. Objective: To explore how simulation models were used in the field of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Methods: An electronic search of studies assessing socioeconomic inequalities in health using a simulation model was conducted. Characteristics of the simulation models were extracted and distinct simulation approaches were identified. As an illustration, a simple agent-based model of the emergence of socioeconomic differences in alcohol abuse was developed. Results: We found 61 studies published between 1989 and 2013. Ten different simulation approaches were identified. The agent-based model illustration showed that multilevel, reciprocal and indirect effects of social determinants on health can be modeled flexibly. Discussion and Conclusions: Based on the review, we discuss the utility of using simulation models for studying health inequalities, and refer to good modeling practices for developing such models. The review and the simulation model example suggest that the use of simulation models may enhance the understanding and debate about existing and new socioeconomic inequalities of health frameworks.
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- 2013
43. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Model Demonstrating a Local Effect of Benzydamine in Children with Tonsillopharyngitis
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Schachtel, В.Р.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Padjarino, D.A.; Angelini Pharmaceuticals Inc., River Edge, New Jersey, USA, Schachtel, В.Р.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and Padjarino, D.A.; Angelini Pharmaceuticals Inc., River Edge, New Jersey, USA
- Abstract
Since there are few published randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of local anesthetic drugs in children, we have developed a method of clinical trials (involving 146 children with tonsillopharyngitis), determining the efficiency of the solution to rinse containing benzydamine, compared with placebo having the same appearance and taste. After a physical examination, including determination of the severity of tonsillopharyngitis and test for streptococci, there has been carried out an assessment of outcomes using «pain thermometer» for children and pain in throat scale for nurses before the child began randomly apply a solution for rinsing, containing the active drug or placebo. In regular intervals for 1 hour each child was examined by «pain thermometer» and pain relief in the throat scale for children —«smiley-face scale». The nurse carried out an independent assessment of changes of pain. We found that children and independent observations of nurses demonstrated a difference between the effect of the active drug and placebo (p < 0.05) on all three scales of assessment. We came to the conclusion that benzydamine relieves pain in tonsillopharyngitis. This clinical study can be used to identify the local anesthetic action of the drug in children with tonsillopharyngitis., Так как имеется мало опубликованных рандомизированных двойных слепых плацебо-контролируемых исследований, которые демонстрируют эффективность местных обезболивающих лекарственных препаратов у детей, мы разработали метод клинического исследования (с участием 146 детей с тонзиллофарингитом), определяющий эффективность раствора для полоскания, содержащего бензидамин, по сравнению с плацебо, имеющим такой же вид и вкус. После объективного обследования, включающего определение степени выраженности тонзиллофарингита и тест на стрептококки, проводилась оценка результатов по детскому «термометру боли в горле» (ТБГ) и шкале боли в горле для медсестер до того, как ребенок начал применять назначенный наугад раствор для полоскания, содержащий активное лекарство или плацебо. Через регулярные интервалы в течение 1 часа каждый ребенок получил оценку по ТБГ и детской шкале уменьшения боли в горле — шкале «улыбающихся лиц». Медсестра провела независимую оценку изменений болевых ощущений. Мы установили, что дети и независимые наблюдения медсестер выявили различия между действием активного лекарства и плацебо (р < 0,05) по всем трем шкалам оценки. Мы пришли к выводу, что бензидамин снимает боль при тонзиллофарингите. Это клиническое исследование может быть использовано для идентификации местного обезболивающего действия препарата у детей с тонзиллофарингитом., Оскільки є мало опублікованих рандомізованих подвійних сліпих плацебо-контрольованих досліджень, що демонструють ефективність місцевих знеболювальних лікарських препаратів у дітей, ми розробили метод клінічного дослідження (за участю 146 дітей із тонзилофарингітом), що визначає ефективність розчину для полоскання, який містить бензидамін, порівняно з плацебо, аналогічного на вигляд і смак. Після об’єктивного обстеження, що включало визначення ступеня вираженості тонзилофарингіту і тест на стрептококи, проводилася оцінка результатів за дитячим «термометром болю в горлі» (ТБГ) і шкалою болю в горлі для медсестер до того, як дитина почала застосовувати призначений наздогад розчин для полоскання, що містить активні ліки або плацебо. Через регулярні інтервали впродовж 1 години кожна дитина отримувала оцінку за ТБГ і дитячою шкалою зменшення болю в горлі — шкалою «облич, що посміхаються». Медсестра провела незалежну оцінку змін больових відчуттів. Ми встановили, що діти і незалежні спостереження медсестер виявили розбіжності між дією активних ліків і плацебо (р < 0,05) за всіма трьома шкалами оцінки. Ми дійшли висновку, що бензидамін знімає біль при тонзилофарингіті. Це клінічне дослідження може бути використане для ідентифікації місцевої знеболювальної дії препарату в дітей із тонзилофарингітом.
- Published
- 2012
44. Perceived positive impact of cancer among long???term survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study
- Author
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School of Social Work, University of Michigan and University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's' Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA, Department of Behavioral Medicine, St. Jude Children's' Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA, Childrens Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Semel Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA, School of Medicine, Division of Health Care Policy and Research, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Zebrack, Brad J., Stuber, Margaret L., Meeske, Kathleen A., Phipps, Sean, Krull, Kevin R., Liu, Qi, Yasui, Yutaka, Parry, Carla, Hamilton, Rachel, Robison, Leslie L., Zeltzer, Lonnie K., School of Social Work, University of Michigan and University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's' Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA, Department of Behavioral Medicine, St. Jude Children's' Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA, Childrens Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Semel Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA, School of Medicine, Division of Health Care Policy and Research, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Zebrack, Brad J., Stuber, Margaret L., Meeske, Kathleen A., Phipps, Sean, Krull, Kevin R., Liu, Qi, Yasui, Yutaka, Parry, Carla, Hamilton, Rachel, Robison, Leslie L., and Zeltzer, Lonnie K.
- Abstract
Objective Investigations examining psychosocial adjustment among childhood cancer survivors have focused primarily on negative effects and psychopathology. Emergent literature suggests the existence of positive impact or adjustment experienced after cancer, as well. The purpose of this study is to examine the distribution of Perceived Positive Impact (PPI) and its correlates in young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Methods 6425 survivors and 360 siblings completed a comprehensive health survey, inclusive of a modified version of the Post???traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) as a measure of PPI. Linear regression models were used to examine demographic, disease and treatment characteristics associated with PPI. Results Survivors were significantly more likely than siblings to report PPI. Endorsement of PPI was significantly greater among female and non???white survivors, and among survivors exposed to at least one intense therapy, a second malignancy or cancer recurrence. Survivors diagnosed at older ages and fewer years since diagnosis were more likely to report PPI. Income, education and marital/relationship status appeared to have varied relationships to PPI depending upon the subscale being evaluated. Conclusions The existence and variability of PPI in survivors in this study suggest that individual characteristics, inclusive of race, gender, cancer type, intensity of treatment, age at diagnosis and time since diagnosis, have unique and specific associations with different aspects of perceived positive outcomes of childhood cancer. Copyright ?? 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2012
45. New Frontiers in Alcohol and Health : - The birth of ERAB- Introduction- Heavy alcohol intake episodes: determinants and interventions- Alcohol and the risk of cancer- Alcoholic liver disease- Alcohol and its effects on the cardiovascular system- Brain, behaviour, genetic findings and pharmacological treatment in alcohol dependence- Conclusion
- Author
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Catholic University of Rome - Italy - Department of Internal Medicine, University of Newcastle - UK - Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle - UK - Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Ulm - Germany - Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center - Department of Gastroenterology, Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies - Finland - Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Maastricht University - The Netherlands - Department of Epidemiology, De Witte, Philippe, Addolorato, Giovanni, Day, Chris P., James, Oliver F., Koenig, Wolfgang, Mitchell, Mack C., Poikolainen, Kari, Weijenberg, Matty P., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Catholic University of Rome - Italy - Department of Internal Medicine, University of Newcastle - UK - Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle - UK - Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Ulm - Germany - Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center - Department of Gastroenterology, Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies - Finland - Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Maastricht University - The Netherlands - Department of Epidemiology, De Witte, Philippe, Addolorato, Giovanni, Day, Chris P., James, Oliver F., Koenig, Wolfgang, Mitchell, Mack C., Poikolainen, Kari, and Weijenberg, Matty P.
- Published
- 2010
46. Substance use and misuse in the aftermath of terrorism. A Bayesian meta-analysis
- Author
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and Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA, DiMaggio, Charles, Galea, Sandro, Li, Guohua, and Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA, DiMaggio, Charles, Galea, Sandro, and Li, Guohua
- Abstract
Aim??? To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the conflicting evidence on substance use and misuse following mass traumas such as terrorist incidents. Methods??? We reviewed and synthesized evidence from 31 population-based studies using Bayesian meta-analysis and meta-regression. Results??? The majority of the studied were conducted in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Controlling for exposure, type of incident and time since the event occurred, 7.3% [95% credible interval (CrI) 1.1???32.5%] of a population can be expected to report increased alcohol consumption in the first 2 years following a terrorist event. There is, however, a 20% probability that the prevalence will be as high as 14%. The unadjusted prevalence of increased cigarette smoking following a terrorist event is 6.8% (95% Cr I 2.6???16.5%). Unadjusted reports of mixed drug use (including narcotics and prescription medications) was 16.3% (95% Cr I 1.3???72.5%). Conclusions??? These results underscore the potentially pervasive behavioral health effects of mass terrorism, and suggest that public health interventions may usefully consider substance use as an area of focus after such events.
- Published
- 2010
47. MaCH: using sequence and genotype data to estimate haplotypes and unobserved genotypes
- Author
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Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Department of Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Li, Yun, Willer, Cristen J., Ding, Jun, Scheet, Paul, Abecasis, Gon??alo R., Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Department of Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Li, Yun, Willer, Cristen J., Ding, Jun, Scheet, Paul, and Abecasis, Gon??alo R.
- Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can identify common alleles that contribute to complex disease susceptibility. Despite the large number of SNPs assessed in each study, the effects of most common SNPs must be evaluated indirectly using either genotyped markers or haplotypes thereof as proxies. We have previously implemented a computationally efficient Markov Chain framework for genotype imputation and haplotyping in the freely available MaCH software package. The approach describes sampled chromosomes as mosaics of each other and uses available genotype and shotgun sequence data to estimate unobserved genotypes and haplotypes, together with useful measures of the quality of these estimates. Our approach is already widely used to facilitate comparison of results across studies as well as meta-analyses of GWAS. Here, we use simulations and experimental genotypes to evaluate its accuracy and utility, considering choices of genotyping panels, reference panel configurations, and designs where genotyping is replaced with shotgun sequencing. Importantly, we show that genotype imputation not only facilitates cross study analyses but also increases power of genetic association studies. We show that genotype imputation of common variants using HapMap haplotypes as a reference is very accurate using either genome-wide SNP data or smaller amounts of data typical in fine-mapping studies. Furthermore, we show the approach is applicable in a variety of populations. Finally, we illustrate how association analyses of unobserved variants will benefit from ongoing advances such as larger HapMap reference panels and whole genome shotgun sequencing technologies. Genet. Epidemiol . 34: 816-834, 2010. ?? 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2010
48. R1507, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting IGF-1R, is effective alone and in combination with rapamycin in inhibiting growth of osteosarcoma xenografts
- Author
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Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Wilmington, Delaware ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803., Division of Hematology and Oncology, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Wilmington, Delaware, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Center for Childhood Cancer at The Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, Kolb, E. Anders, Kamara, Davida, Zhang, Wendong, Lin, Juan, Hingorani, Pooja, Baker, Laurence, Houghton, Peter, Gorlick, Richard, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Wilmington, Delaware ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803., Division of Hematology and Oncology, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Wilmington, Delaware, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Center for Childhood Cancer at The Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, Kolb, E. Anders, Kamara, Davida, Zhang, Wendong, Lin, Juan, Hingorani, Pooja, Baker, Laurence, Houghton, Peter, and Gorlick, Richard
- Abstract
Background The combination of rapamycin and R1507, a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), in osteosarcoma xenograft tumors in vivo is evaluated in this report. Procedure Six osteosarcoma xenograft tumor models were evaluated for growth inhibition after monotherapy with R1507, rapamycin, and the combination of both drugs. Phosphorylation of proteins involved in IGF-1R signaling is evaluated at various time points by immunoblotting. Results IGF-1R was expressed in five of the six human osteosarcoma tumor lines. Objective responses to R1507 were seen in four of the six tumor lines (OS1, OS2, OS9, and OS17) including one complete response in OS1. IGF-1R protein levels did not predict degree of response to R1507 in the sensitive tumors. However, in one of the two R1507-resistant tumors (OS33), there was a minimal expression of IGF-1R. An increase in AKT phosphorylation was observed in all the osteosarcoma tumors treated with rapamycin. However, phosphorylation of AKT was inhibited when rapamycin was used in combination with R1507. In three of the xenograft tumor lines, there was an improvement in response when R1507 was used in combination with rapamycin. Conclusions IGF-1R inhibition by R1507 induced tumor growth delays and improvement in event-free survival in four of six osteosarcoma xenograft tumor lines. R1507 negates increased signaling through AKT in response to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition, suggesting that the combination is worthy of further evaluation in patients. As R1507 and other IGF-1R inhibitors advance in clinical trials, it will be important to understand biomarkers of response and pathways of resistance. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:67???75. ?? 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2010
49. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia among working women in Mexico City
- Author
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Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA, Centro Nacional de Salud Ambiental, DirecciÓn General de Salud Ambiental, Metepec, Estado de Mexico, Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, Cerón-Mireles, Harlow, Sánchez-Carrillo, Núñez, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA, Centro Nacional de Salud Ambiental, DirecciÓn General de Salud Ambiental, Metepec, Estado de Mexico, Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, Cerón-Mireles, Harlow, Sánchez-Carrillo, and Núñez
- Published
- 2010
50. Lack of quadriceps dysfunction in women with early knee osteoarthritis
- Author
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School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 401 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2214 ; School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 401 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2214. (T: 734-647-3871; F: 734-936-1925), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 401 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2214 ; Bone and Joint Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Thomas, Abbey C., Sowers, MaryFran R., Karvonen-Gutierrez, Carrie, Palmieri-Smith, Riann M., School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 401 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2214 ; School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 401 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2214. (T: 734-647-3871; F: 734-936-1925), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 401 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2214 ; Bone and Joint Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Thomas, Abbey C., Sowers, MaryFran R., Karvonen-Gutierrez, Carrie, and Palmieri-Smith, Riann M.
- Abstract
Quadriceps dysfunction, specifically weakness and central activation failure (CAF), has been implicated in the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA), though few data are available to confirm its presence in early OA. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction in those with and without early knee OA. Thirty-five female volunteers were classified into two groups, OA ( n ???=???22) and control ( n ???=???13), based on the presence [Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade 2] or absence (K-L grade 0???1) of mild OA, respectively. Isometric quadriceps strength and central activation ratio (CAR) were assessed and compared between groups utilizing a one-way ANOVA. Frequency statistics and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the percentage of women with and without CAF between groups. Quadriceps strength (control: 1.47????????0.62???Nm/kg; OA: 1.30????????0.62???Nm/kg; p ???=???0.45) was not significantly different for women with and without mild OA. Further, the CAR (control: 0.91????????0.07; OA: 0.87????????0.12; p ???=???0.19) did not differ between groups; however, women in both groups presented with CAF (control: 54%; OA: 73%; p ???=???0.29). Our results suggest that the women with mild osteoarthritis do not present with quadriceps dysfunction. ?? 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:595???599, 2010
- Published
- 2010
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