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1. Modulation of the seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice extent by sea ice processes and feedbacks with the ocean and the atmosphere

Author: Hugues Goosse, Sofia Allende Contador, Cecilia M. Bitz, Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Clare Eayrs, Thierry Fichefet, Kenza Himmich, Pierre-Vincent Huot, François Klein, Sylvain Marchi, François Massonnet, Bianca Mezzina, Charles Pelletier, Lettie Roach, Martin Vancoppenolle, Nicole P. M. van Lipzig, Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Columbia University [New York], and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Science & Technology, THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION, LIM3.6, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geology, MODEL, Geography, Physical, Physical Geography, Physical Sciences, MASS-BALANCE, WATER, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, SENSITIVITY, MIXED-LAYER, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: The seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice extent is strongly asymmetric, with a relatively slow increase after the summer minimum followed by a more rapid decrease after the winter maximum. This cycle is intimately linked to the seasonal cycle of the insolation received at the top of the atmosphere, but sea ice processes as well as the exchanges with the atmosphere and ocean may also play a role. To quantify these contributions, a series of idealized sensitivity experiments have been performed with an eddy-permitting (1/4∘) NEMO-LIM3 (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean–Louvain-la-Neuve sea ice model version 3) Southern Ocean configuration, including a representation of ice shelf cavities, in which the model was either driven by an atmospheric reanalysis or coupled to the COSMO-CLM2 regional atmospheric model. In those experiments, sea ice thermodynamics and dynamics as well as the exchanges with the ocean and atmosphere are strongly perturbed. This perturbation is achieved by modifying snow and ice thermal conductivities, the vertical mixing in the ocean top layers, the effect of freshwater uptake and release upon sea ice growth and melt, ice dynamics, and surface albedo. We find that the evolution of sea ice extent during the ice advance season is largely independent of the direct effect of the perturbation and appears thus mainly controlled by initial state in summer and subsequent insolation changes. In contrast, the melting rate varies strongly between the experiments during the retreat, in particular if the surface albedo or sea ice transport are modified, demonstrating a strong contribution of those elements to the evolution of ice coverage through spring and summer. As with the advance phase, the retreat is also influenced by conditions at the beginning of the melt season in September. Atmospheric feedbacks enhance the model winter ice extent response to any of the perturbed processes, and the enhancement is strongest when the albedo is modified. The response of sea ice volume and extent to changes in entrainment of subsurface warm waters to the ocean surface is also greatly amplified by the coupling with the atmosphere.
Published: 2022

2. The first global soil moisture and vegetation optical depth product retrieved from fused SMOS and SMAP L-band observations

Author: Xiaojun Li, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Frédéric Frappart, Gabrielle De Lannoy, Lei Fan, Tianjie Zhao, Lun Gao, Shengli Tao, Hongliang Ma, Zhiqing Peng, Xiangzhuo Liu, Huan Wang, Mengjia Wang, Christophe Moisy, Philippe Ciais, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Southwest University [Chongqing], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Peking University [Beijing], Wuhan University [China], Beijing Normal University (BNU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, SMAP-IBL-band, Soil Science, Vegetation optical depth, Geology, SMAP, Soil moisture, Computers in Earth Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Merging, SMOS
Abstract: International audience; ESA's Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS, since 2009) and NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP, since 2015) are the only two space-borne L-band radiometer missions currently in orbit, which provide key information on global surface soil moisture (SM) and vegetation water content (via the vegetation optical depth, VOD). However, to date very few studies considered merging SMOS and SMAP for both SM and VOD retrievals simultaneously. This study presents the first global long-term and continuous SM and L-band VOD (L-VOD) dataset retrieved after merging the SMOS and SMAP brightness temperature (TB) observations, called the SMOS-SMAP-INRAE-BORDEAUX or SMOSMAP-IB product. We first developed a fitted SMOS TB dataset at a fixed incidence angle of 40°, and next applied a monthly linear rescaling of SMAP TB to SMOS TB for each polarization to produce a merged SMOS/SMAP TB (θ = 40°) dataset. The retrievals were then based on a mono-angular retrieval algorithm sharing a similar forward model with the SMOS-IC and the official SMOS retrieval algorithms. Results showed that the inter-calibration approach we used here could effectively remove the bias between the SMAP TB and fitted SMOS TB, with bias values reduced to 0.01 K (−0.02 K) compared to 3.45 K (1.65 K) for V (H) polarization before inter-calibration. The SMOSMAP-IB SM and L-VOD retrievals based on this new inter-calibrated SMOS/SMAP TB led to metrics that were equally good or better than those of other products (i.e., ESA CCI, SMOS-IC and the official SMAP products). When considering only long duration products, SMOSMAP-IB SM retrievals exhibited (i) the highest overall median R value of 0.72 with in-situ data from ISMN (International Soil Moisture Network) during 2013–2018, followed by SMOS-IC (R = 0.68) and CCI (R = 0.67), and (ii) the same smallest ubRMSD values as CCI (ubRMSD = 0.057 m3/m3 vs 0.061 m3/m3 for SMOS-IC). L-VOD retrievals from SMOSMAP-IB were found to have comparable spatial and temporal skills to SMOS-IC. Spatially, they both correlated well with aboveground biomass (R = 0.87), and temporally, they both showed a good representation of the short vegetation NDVI signal and of the forest area loss in the Brazilian Amazon from 2011 to 2019. Developing SMOSMAP-IB is a step forward towards building a time-continuous L-band SM and VOD products in response to the possible failure of one of the SMOS or SMAP sensors in the future.
Published: 2022

3. Strength of forest edge effects on litter‐dwelling macro‐arthropods across Europe is influenced by forest age and edge properties

Author: Emilie Gallet-Moron, Willem Proesmans, Monika Wulf, Lander Baeten, Brice Giffard, Marc Deconchat, Jaan Liira, Sam Van de Poel, Dries Bonte, Pallieter De Smedt, Martin Diekmann, Vincent Le Roux, Martin Hermy, Kris Verheyen, Emilie Andrieu, Sara A. O. Cousins, Jörg Brunet, Johan Van Keer, Alicia Valdés, Ludmilla Martin, Rieneke Vanhulle, Guillaume Decocq, Forest & Nature Lab, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Independent, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Stockholm University, University of Bremen, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), and Rejmanek, Marcel
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, GRASSLAND, DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil biology, Biodiversity & Conservation, BEETLE ASSEMBLAGES, Beta diversity, edge effects, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Ecosystem services, agricultural landscapes, Behavior and Systematics, Abundance (ecology), SPILLOVER, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Abiotic component, forest fragmentation, Science & Technology, Ecology, Land use, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biology and Life Sciences, nutrient cycling, 15. Life on land, Geography, HABITAT FRAGMENTATION, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Litter, Biodiversity Conservation, beta diversity, VEGETATION, MILLIPEDES, COMMUNITIES, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, soil fauna, RESPONSES, natural pest control
Abstract: © 2019 The Authors. Diversity and Distributions Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: Forests are highly fragmented across Western Europe, making forest edges important features in many agricultural landscapes. Forest edges are subject to strong abiotic gradients altering the forest environment and resulting in strong biotic gradients. This has the potential to change the forest's capacity to provide multiple ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and natural pest control. Soil organisms play a key role in this perspective; however, these taxa are rarely considered in forest edge research. Location: A latitudinal gradient of 2,000 km across Western Europe. Methods: We sampled six dominant taxa of litter-dwelling macro-arthropods (carabid beetles, spiders, harvestmen, centipedes, millipedes and woodlice) in forest edges and interiors of 192 forest fragments in 12 agricultural landscapes. We related their abundance and community composition to distance from the edge and the interaction with forest age, edge orientation and edge contrast (contrast between land use types at either side of the edge). Results: Three out of six macro-arthropod taxa have higher activity-density in forest edges compared to forest interiors. The abundance patterns along forest edge-to-interior gradients interacted with forest age. Forest age and edge orientation also influenced within-fragment compositional variation along the forest edge-to-interior gradient. Edge contrast influenced abundance gradients of generalist predators. In general, older forest fragments, south-oriented edges and edges along structurally more continuous land use (lower contrast between forest and adjacent land use) resulted in stronger edge-to-interior gradients while recent forests, north-oriented edges and sharp land use edges induced similarity between forest edge and interior along the forest edge-to-interior gradients in terms of species activity-density and composition. Main conclusions: Edge effects on litter-dwelling macro-arthropods are anticipated to feedback on important ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and natural pest control from small forest fragments. ispartof: DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS vol:25 issue:6 pages:963-974 status: published
Published: 2019

4. Air–Liquid Interface Exposure of Lung Epithelial Cells to Low Doses of Nanoparticles to Assess Pulmonary Adverse Effects

Author: Diabaté, Silvia, Armand, Lucie, Murugadoss, Sivakumar, Dilger, Marco, Fritsch-Decker, Susanne, Schlager, Christoph, Béal, David, Arnal, Marie-Edith, Biola-Clier, Mathilde, Ambrose, Selina, Mülhopt, Sonja, Paur, Hanns-Rudolf, Lynch, Iseult, Valsami-Jones, Eugenia, Carriere, Marie, Weiss, Carsten, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chimie Interface Biologie pour l’Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST ), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Life sciences, biology, titanium dioxide, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, respiratory system, cerium dioxide, Article, respiratory tract diseases, lcsh:Chemistry, alternative methods, lcsh:QD1-999, ddc:570, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, zirconium-doping, nanotoxicology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Reliable and predictive in vitro assays for hazard assessments of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) are still limited. Specifically, exposure systems which more realistically recapitulate the physiological conditions in the lung are needed to predict pulmonary toxicity. To this end, air-liquid interface (ALI) systems have been developed in recent years which might be better suited than conventional submerged exposure assays. However, there is still a need for rigorous side-by-side comparisons of the results obtained with the two different exposure methods considering numerous parameters, such as different MNMs, cell culture models and read outs. In this study, human A549 lung epithelial cells and differentiated THP-1 macrophages were exposed under submerged conditions to two abundant types of MNMs i.e., ceria and titania nanoparticles (NPs). Membrane integrity, metabolic activity as well as pro-inflammatory responses were recorded. For comparison, A549 monocultures were also exposed at the ALI to the same MNMs. In the case of titania NPs, genotoxicity was also investigated. In general, cells were more sensitive at the ALI compared to under classical submerged conditions. Whereas ceria NPs triggered only moderate effects, titania NPs clearly initiated cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory gene expression and genotoxicity. Interestingly, low doses of NPs deposited at the ALI were sufficient to drive adverse outcomes, as also documented in rodent experiments. Therefore, further development of ALI systems seems promising to refine, reduce or even replace acute pulmonary toxicity studies in animals.
Published: 2021
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5. Linking macrodetritivore distribution to desiccation resistance in small forest fragments embedded in agricultural landscapes in Europe

Author: Ludmilla Martin, Martin Hermy, Astra Ooms, Willem Proesmans, Sara A. O. Cousins, Pallieter De Smedt, Jaan Liira, Lander Baeten, Marc Deconchat, Monika Wulf, Emilie Gallet-Moron, Brice Giffard, Matty P. Berg, Guillaume Decocq, Kris Verheyen, Jörg Brunet, Alicia Valdés, Dries Bonte, Martin Diekmann, Forest & Nature Lab, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Stockholm University, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Bremen, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Animal Ecology, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Conservation Ecology Group
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Geography, Planning and Development, GRADIENTS, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient cycling, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, NORTHERN FRANCE, Ecosystem, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, Woodlice, Nature and Landscape Conservation, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Ecology, Resistance (ecology), Land use, Community structure, LAND-USE INTENSITY, TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Forest edges, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Landscape use intensity, Litter dwelling soil fauna, WOODLICE ISOPODA ONISCIDEA, Geography, Habitat, Millipedes, EDGE, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Landscape ecology, Desiccation, LEAF-LITTER
Abstract: International audience; Purpose Most of the agricultural landscape in Europe, and elsewhere, consists of mosaics with scattered fragments of semi-natural habitat like small forest fragments. Mutual interactions between forest fragments and agricultural areas influence ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, a process strongly mediated by the macrodetritivore community, which is however, poorly studied. We investigated macrodetritivore distribution patterns at local and landscape level and used a key functional trait (desiccation resistance) to gain mechanistic insights of the putative drivers. Methods Macrodetritivores were sampled in forest edges-centres of 224 European forest fragments across 14 landscapes opposing in land use intensity. We used a multilevel analysis of variance to assess the relative contribution of different spatial scales in explaining activity-density and Shannon-diversity of woodlice and millipedes, together with a model-based analysis of the multivariate activity-density data testing the effect on species composition. Secondly, we tested if desiccation resistance of macrodetritivores varied across communities at different spatial scales using linear mixed effect models. Results Forest edge-centre and landscape use intensity determined activity-density and community composition of macrodetritivores in forest fragments, while fragment characteristics like size and continuity were relatively unimportant. Forest edges and higher intensity landscapes supported higher activity-density of macrodetritivores and determined species composition. Forest edges sustained woodlouse communities dominated by more drought tolerant species. Conclusions Landscape use intensity and forest edges are main drivers in macrodetritivore distribution in forest fragments with desiccation resistance a good predictor of macrodetritivore distribution. Key functional traits can help us to predict changes in community structure in changing landscapes.
Published: 2018

6. Evaluating soil moisture retrievals from ESA's SMOS and NASA's SMAP brightness temperature datasets

Author: Jeffrey P. Walker, Arnaud Mialon, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, G. De Lannoy, Amen Al-Yaari, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Yann Kerr, Peggy O'Neill, Ahmad Al Bitar, Ali Mahmoodi, Thomas J. Jackson, Philippe Richaume, Simon Yueh, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), TOSCA CNES, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA
Subjects: cycle du carbone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Correlation coefficient, cycle de l'eau, télédétection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, remote sensing, carbon cycle, humidité du sol, Computers in Earth Sciences, Water content, Retrieval algorithm, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, eau de surface, salinité des océans, Geology, SMAP, statistical regression, Active passive, 13. Climate action, SNOTEL, Brightness temperature, Soil water, Environmental science, Satellite, soil moisture, SMOS
Abstract: Two satellites are currently monitoring surface soil moisture (SM) using L-band observations: SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity), a joint ESA (European Space Agency), CNES (Centre national d’études spatiales), and CDTI (the Spanish government agency with responsibility for space) satellite launched on November 2, 2009 and SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive), a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) satellite successfully launched in January 2015. In this study, we used a multilinear regression approach to retrieve SM from SMAP data to create a global dataset of SM, which is consistent with SM data retrieved from SMOS. This was achieved by calibrating coefficients of the regression model using the CATDS (Centre Aval de Traitement des Données) SMOS Level 3 SM and the horizontally and vertically polarized brightness temperatures (TB) at 40° incidence angle, over the 2013 – 2014 period. Next, this model was applied to SMAP L3 TB data from Apr 2015 to Jul 2016. The retrieved SM from SMAP (referred to here as SMAP_Reg) was compared to: (i) the operational SMAP L3 SM (SMAP_SCA), retrieved using the baseline Single Channel retrieval Algorithm (SCA); and (ii) the operational SMOSL3 SM, derived from the multiangular inversion of the L-MEB model (L-MEB algorithm) (SMOSL3). This inter-comparison was made against in situ soil moisture measurements from more than 400 sites spread over the globe, which are used here as a reference soil moisture dataset. The in situ observations were obtained from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN; https://ismn.geo.tuwien.ac.at/) in North of America (PBO_H2O, SCAN, SNOTEL, iRON, and USCRN), in Australia (Oznet), Africa (DAHRA), and in Europe (REMEDHUS, SMOSMANIA, FMI, and RSMN). The agreement was analyzed in terms of four classical statistical criteria: Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Bias, Unbiased RMSE (UnbRMSE), and correlation coefficient (R). Results of the comparison of these various products with in situ observations show that the performance of both SMAP products i.e. SMAP_SCA and SMAP_Reg is similar and marginally better to that of the SMOSL3 product particularly over the PBO_H2O, SCAN, and USCRN sites. However, SMOSL3 SM was closer to the in situ observations over the DAHRA and Oznet sites. We found that the correlation between all three datasets and in situ measurements is best (R > 0.80) over the Oznet sites and worst (R = 0.58) over the SNOTEL sites for SMAP_SCA and over the DAHRA and SMOSMANIA sites (R= 0.51 and R= 0.45 for SMAP_Reg and SMOSL3, respectively). The Bias values showed that all products are generally dry, except over RSMN, DAHRA, and Oznet (and FMI for SMAP_SCA). Finally, our analysis provided interesting insights that can be useful to improve the consistency between SMAP and SMOS datasets.
Published: 2017

7. High-resolution nitrogen stable isotope sclerochronology of bivalve shell carbonate-bound organics

Author: Laurent Chauvaud, Steven Bouillon, David P. Gillikin, Zita Kelemen, Aurélie Jolivet, Anne Lorrain, Union College, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mineralogy, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Sclerochronology, Nitrogen isotope, 14. Life underwater, Bivalve shell, Nitrogen cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, Stable isotope ratio, ACL, Carbonate bound organic matter, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aragonite, Eutrophication, Pollution, Isotopes of nitrogen, Metabolism, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, engineering, Isotope time averaging, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology
Abstract: Nitrogen stable isotope ratios (delta N-15) of organic material have successfully been used to track food-web dynamics, nitrogen baselines, pollution, and nitrogen cycling. Extending the delta N-15 record back in time has not been straightforward due to a lack of suitable substrates in which delta N-15 records are faithfully preserved, thus sparking interest in utilizing skeletal carbonate-bound organic matter (CBOM) in mollusks, corals, and foraminifera. Here we test if calcite Pecten maximus shells from the Bay of Brest and the French continental shelf can be used as an archive of delta N-15 values over a large environmental gradient and at a high temporal resolution (approximately weekly). Bulk CBOM delta N-15 values from the growing tip of shells collected over a large nitrogen isotope gradient were strongly correlated with adductor muscle tissue delta N-15 values (R-2 = 0.99, n = 6, p < 0.0001). We were able to achieve weekly resolution (on average) over the growing season from sclerochronological profiles of three shells, which showed large seasonal variations up to 3.4%. However, there were also large inter-specimen differences (up to 2.5%) between shells growing at the same time and location. Generally, high-resolution shell delta N-15 values follow soft-tissue delta N-15 values, but soft-tissues integrate more time, hence soft-tissue data are more time-averaged and smoothed. Museum-archived shells from the 1950s, 1965, and 1970s do not show a large difference in delta N-15 values through time despite expected increasing N loading to the Bay over this time, which could be due to anthropogenic N sources with contrasting values. Compiling shell CBOM delta N-15 data from several studies suggests that the offset between soft-tissue and shell delta N-15 values (Dtissue-shell) differs between calcite and aragonite shells. We hypothesize that this difference is caused by differences in amino acids used in constructing the different minerals, which should be specific to the CaCO3 polymorph being constructed. Future work should use compound specific isotope analyses (CSIA) to test this hypothesis, and to determine whether certain amino acids could specifically track N sources or possibly identify amino acids that are more resistant to diagenesis in fossil shells. In conclusion, bivalve shell CBOM delta N-15 values can be used in a similar manner to soft-tissue delta N-15 values, and can track various biogeochemical events at a very high-resolution.
Published: 2017

8. Desiccation resistance determines distribution of woodlice along forest edge-to-interior gradients

Author: Martin Diekmann, Dries Bonte, Martin Hermy, Sara A. O. Cousins, Pieter De Frenne, Matty P. Berg, Pallieter De Smedt, Lander Baeten, Emilie Gallet-Moron, Guillaume Decocq, Kris Verheyen, Brice Giffard, Jörg Brunet, Conservation Ecology Group, Forest & Nature Lab, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Stockholm University, University of Bremen, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Animal Ecology, and VU University Amsterdam
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, Response trait, DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS, Soil Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, Isopoda, Abundance (ecology), MACROARTHROPODS, Ecosystem, Small forest fragments, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Abiotic component, biology, Resistance (ecology), Ecology, Edge effects, Detritivore, TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Drought tolerance, biology.organism_classification, Insect Science, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, FRAGMENTATION, MILLIPEDES, Desiccation, TRAITS
Abstract: International audience; Forest edges show strong abiotic and biotic gradients potentially altering community composition and ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling. While abiotic gradients are well studied, short-scale biotic gradients, like detritivore species composition and their associated trait distribution remains a poorly explored research-field. We sampled woodlice in 160 forest patches across Europe at varying distances from the forest edge and discovered that species desiccation resistance determines distribution along forest edge-to-interior gradients. Forest edges are warmer and dryer compared to interiors and favour drought-tolerant species, while abundance and activity of drought-sensitive species is reduced at the edge. Key ecological factors for litter-dwelling detritivores (i.e. humidity) act as environmental filter, because of species-specific differences in desiccation resistance. Future research should focus on quantifying the consequences of a changing detritivore community and their associated functional traits for nutrient cycling.
Published: 2018

9. Global distribution of earthworm diversity

Author: André L.C. Franco, Michiel Rutgers, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Thomas W. Crowther, Helen Phillips, Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Olaf Schmidt, Matthew W. Warren, Shishir Paudel, Michael B. Wironen, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Basil V. Iannone, Aidan M. Keith, Amy Choi, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Boris Schröder, Olga Ferlian, Jaswinder Singh, Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias, Martin Holmstrup, Geoff H. Baker, Yahya Kooch, Rosa Fernández, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Lindsey Norgrove, Eric Blanchart, Madhav P. Thakur, Felicity Crotty, Steven J. Vanek, Thomas Bolger, Jan Hendrik Moos, Guillaume Xavier Rousseau, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz, Iñigo Virto, Michael Steinwandter, Kelly S. Ramirez, Veikko Huhta, Ulrich Brose, Michel Loreau, Davorka K. Hackenberger, David J. Russell, Loes van Schaik, Salvador Rebollo, Jonatan Klaminder, Gerardo Moreno, Benjamin Schwarz, Julia Seeber, Yvan Capowiez, David A. Wardle, Bernd Blossey, Franciska T. de Vries, Christoph Emmerling, Robert L. Bradley, Courtland Kelly, Liliana B. Falco, Alexander M. Roth, Michael J. Gundale, Radim Matula, Andrea Dávalos, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Johan Neirynck, Monika Joschko, Marta Novo, Dolores Trigo, Jérôme Mathieu, Adrian A. Wackett, Anne W. de Valença, Elizabeth M. Bach, Daniel R. Lammel, Devin Routh, Madalina Iordache, Luis M. Hernández, Johan Pansu, Juan B. Jesús Lidón, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Maxim Shashkov, Ehsan Sayad, Martine Fugère, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Mark E. Caulfield, Klaus Birkhofer, Wim H. van der Putten, Iurii M. Lebedev, Alberto Orgiazzi, Miwa Arai, H. Lalthanzara, Raphaël Marichal, Andrew R. Holdsworth, Steven J. Fonte, Maria J. I. Briones, Raúl Piñeiro, Jean-François Ponge, Nick van Eekeren, Takuo Hishi, Julia Krebs, Joanne M. Bennett, George G. Brown, Birgitta König-Ries, Carlos Fragoso, Victoria Nuzzo, Anna Rożen, Scott R. Loss, Bart Muys, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, Michael Schirrmann, Radoslava Kanianska, Irina V. Zenkova, Maria Kernecker, Abegail T Fusilero, Sandy M. Smith, Shaieste Gholami, Robin Beauséjour, Mac A. Callaham, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Yiqing Li, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Mujeeb Rahman P, Andrés Esteban Duhour, Erin K. Cameron, Diana H. Wall, Muhammad Rashid, José Antonio Talavera, Matthias C. Rillig, Armand W. Koné, Johan van den Hoogen, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Anahí Domínguez, Thibaud Decaëns, Fredrick O. Ayuke, Carlos A. Guerra, Guénola Pérès, Volkmar Wolters, Jiro Tsukamoto, Nico Eisenhauer, José Camilo Bedano, Weixin Zhang, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Visa Nuutinen, Joann K. Whalen, Christian Mulder, Sanna T. Kukkonen, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universidade Positivo, Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Crowther Lab, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR210, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro International de Agricultura Tropical, Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Vigo [ Pontevedra], Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Dept Ciencias Vida, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, DS&OR-Lab, University of Paderborn, Laboratoire d'oncogénétique moléculaire, Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, University of Innsbruck, Independent, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] (UPNA), McGill University, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Université de Leipzig, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Leipzig University, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Universidade de Vigo, Embrapa Forestry, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Department of Terrestrial Ecology [Wageningen], Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural technology (LARMAT), College of 80 Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi (LARMAT), CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Río Cuarto, Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Cornell University [New York], UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Regional & Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona] (IBE / UPF - CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao, Natural Resources Department, Razi University, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Agricultural Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Agroecology, Maranhão State University, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Agricultura Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Soil Physics and Land Management degradation, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Sustainable Development and Environment Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 'King Michael the 1st of Romania', Experimental Infrastructure Platform, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Matej Bel University (UMB), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Land Use and Governance, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, UR Gestion Durable des Sols, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Soil Science, ESALQ-USP, Universidade de São Paulo, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Forestry School - INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Natural Area Consultants, Department of Zoology, Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College, CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere, CSIRO, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Computing, ESEI, Vigo, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty, University of Alcalá, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Friends of the Mississippi River, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Institute of Ecology, Technical University of Berlin, College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Laboratory of Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences, Russian Academy of Science, Laboratory of Computational Ecology, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Earth Innovation Institute, Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], The Nature Conservancy, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Kola Science Centre, Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems, Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary’s University, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Department of Soil Zoology, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Production Systems, Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departamento de Informática, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Vigo, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Department of Animal Biology (Zoology area), Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, Dpto. Ciencias, IS-FOOD, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, University of Helsinki, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), University of Nairobi (UoN), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], School of Biology and Environmental Sciences (SBES), USDA Forest Service, University of Toronto, Aberystwyth University, Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires], Trier University of Applied Sciences, Razi University of Kermanshah, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão = State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Kyushu University, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Northern Kentucky University, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Department of Biology, University of Minho [Braga], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin (FU), Senckenberg Research Institute, European Project: 227161,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,BIOBIO(2009), Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Université de Sherbrooke, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Cornell University, UMR 1114 'EMMAH', INRA, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS-Sorbonne Universite, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), European Research Council, Academy of Finland, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Wageningen University and Research Centre, International Atomic Energy Agency, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Irish Government, University of Hawaii, U.S. Navy, Department of Science and Technology (India), Department of Defense (US), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Austrian Science Fund, Welsh Government, Science Foundation Ireland, University of Kentucky, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Grains Research and Development Corporation (Australia), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (France), University of Minho, Università degli Studi di Catania (UniCT), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, LITTER, Earth, Planet, Climate, Biologie du sol, Biodiversity, Facteur climatique, 01 natural sciences, Ver de terre, Ecosystem services, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Soil, Abundance (ecology), FORESTS, 11. Sustainability, DRIVERS, Biomass, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Earth, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, POPULATION-DENSITY, earthworm, distribution, diversity, pattern, PE&RC, MINHOCAS, Habitat, Plant Production Systems, international, L20 - Écologie animale, Biodiversité, Écosystème, Zone tropicale, Soil biology, Biocénose, Invertebrados, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, Zone tempérée, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Animals, Ecosystem, PLANT, Oligochaeta, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], 030304 developmental biology, Earthworm, Tropics, P34 - Biologie du sol, Species diversity, SHIFTS, Farm Systems Ecology Group, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, 15. Life on land, Ecología, biology.organism_classification, Soil Physics and Land Management, SOIL, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, PATTERNS, Linear Models, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, Planet, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMMUNITIES, Zoology, Animal Distribution, Models Biological
Abstract: Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide., 677232 to N.E.). K.S.R. and W.H.v.d.P. were supported by ERC-ADV grant 323020 to W.H.v.d.P. Also supported by iDiv (DFG FZT118) Flexpool proposal 34600850 (C.A.G. and N.E.); the Academy of Finland (285882) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship and RGPIN-2019-05758) (E.K.C.); DOB Ecology (T.W.C., J.v.d.H., and D.R.); ERC-AdG 694368 (M.R.); and the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41) (M.L.). In addition, data collection was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (12-04-01538-a, 12-04-01734-a, 14-44-03666-r_center_a, 15-29-02724-ofi_m, 16-04-01878-a 19-05-00245); Tarbiat Modares University; Aurora Organic Dairy; UGC(NERO) (F. 1-6/Acctt./NERO/2007-08/1485); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2017-05391); Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-0098-12); Science for Global Development through Wageningen University; Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (12/22510-8); Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; INIA - Spanish Agency (SUM 2006-00012-00-0); Royal Canadian Geographical Society; Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) (2005-S-LS-8); University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (HAW01127H; HAW01123M); European Union FP7 (FunDivEurope, 265171); U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet (W9126G-13-2-0047); Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/SO/AS-030/2013) Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense (RC-1542); Maranhão State Research Foundation (FAPEMA); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LTT17033); Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV7-020-01, ANR-09-STRA-02-01, ANR 06 BIODIV 009-01); Austrian Science Fund (P16027, T441); Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main; Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (Project Ref. A AAB 62 03 qA731606); SÉPAQ; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Science Foundation Ireland (EEB0061); University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve; NKU College of Arts and Sciences Grant; Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft (837393 and 837426); Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan; Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala; UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT Project on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Complutense University of Madrid/European Union FP7 project BioBio (FPU UCM 613520); GRDC; AWI; LWRRDC; DRDC; CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) and FONCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) (PICT, PAE, PIP), Universidad Nacional de Luján y FONCyT [PICT 2293 (2006)], Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Québec (131894), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHR1000/3-1, SCHR1000/6-1, 6-2 (FOR 1598), WO 670/7-1, WO 670/7-2, and SCHA 1719/1-2], CONACYT (FONDOS MIXTOS TABASCO/PROYECTO11316); NSF (DGE-0549245, DGE-0549245, DEB-BE-0909452, NSF1241932); Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago; Dean’s Scholar Program at UIC; Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund; J. E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy; the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at DePaul University; Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences; Spanish CICYT (AMB96-1161; REN2000-0783/GLO; REN2003-05553/GLO; REN2003-03989/GLO; CGL2007-60661/BOS); Yokohama National University; MEXT KAKENHI (25220104); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (25281053, 17KT0074, 25252026); ADEME (0775C0035); Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CGL2017-86926-P); Syngenta Philippines; UPSTREAM; LTSER (Val Mazia/Matschertal); Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (747607); National Science and Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China (2018FY100306); McKnight Foundation (14-168); Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A18-118021490070-5); Brazilian National Council of Research CNPq; and French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Author contributions: H.R.P.P. led the analysis, data curation, and writing of the original manuscript draft. C.A.G. assisted in analyses and writing of the original manuscript draft. E.K.C. and N.E. revised subsequent manuscript drafts. J.v.d.H., D.R., and T.W.C. provided additional analyses. E.K.C., N.E., and M.P.T. acquired funding for the project. J.K., K.B.G., B.S., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., and G.B. contributed to data curation. H.R.P.P., C.A.G., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., G.B., O.F., A.O., E.M.B., J.B., U.B., T.D., F.T.d.V., B.K.-R., M.L., J.M., C.M., W.H.v.d.P., K.S.R., M.C.R., D.R., M.R., M.P.T., D.H.W., D.A.W., E.K.C., and N.E. contributed to the project conceptualization. All authors reviewed and edited the final draft manuscript. The majority of the authors provided data for the analyses. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Data and materials availability: Data and analysis code are available on the iDiv Data repository (DOI: 10.25829/idiv.1804-5-2593) and GitHub (https://github.com/helenphillips/GlobalEWDiversity; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3386456).
Published: 2019

10. Origins of elements building travertine and tufa: New perspectives provided by isotopic and geochemical tracers

Author: Jean-Pierre Girard, Aurélien Virgone, Julien Curie, Christophe Durlet, Pierre-Alexandre Teboul, Gilbert Camoin, Benjamin Lopez, Eric C. Gaucher, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, TOTAL-Scientific and Technical Center Jean Féger (CSTJF), TOTAL FINA ELF, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), TOTAL E&P, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre scientifique et Technique Jean Feger (CSTJF), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), TOTAL-Scientific and Technical Center Jean Féger ( CSTJF ), Total, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité ( ArScAn ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven )
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lithology, Stratigraphy, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, Calcareous tufa, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Major elements, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Ultramafic rock, Stable isotopes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Travertine, Trace elements, Strontium, Geology, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Diagenesis, Source rock, chemistry, Tufa, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Carbonatite, Sedimentary rock
Abstract: 18 pages; International audience; Fluid/rock interaction represents a major process in the formation of calcitic or aragonitic travertine and tufa (CATT). In most cases, CATT is associated to limestone dissolution somewhere along the hydrogeological pathway. However, a wide array of other substratum (basalts, rhyolites, carbonatites, ultramafics, granites, dolomites, evaporites) can act as potential source of elements involved in the formation of CATT. This study reports on the evaluation of potential geochemical tracers linking CATT to their substratum, and unravelling the origin of elements. A large database was established from available literature data as well as new data acquired in the frame of this study for a set of Modern to Recent CATT (Ligurian ophiolites, Italy; the Chaine des Puys, Limagne graben and Paris Basin, France; Reunion Island, Indian Ocean; Jebel Oust, Tunisia). Four most reliable tracing methods are identified (1) δ13C and δ18O cross-plot allows distinguishing epigean (minδ13C = − 27.2 ‰, maxδ13C = 0.9 ‰, meanδ13C = − 12.3 ‰ for N = 314) from hypogean systems (minδ13C = − 4 ‰, maxδ13C = 11.7 ‰, meanδ13C = − 2.87 ‰ for N = 198). Very low δ13C values (− 4 ‰ associated to negative δ13C values are specifically indicative of an ultramafic source rock. (2) Barium and strontium cross-plot helps to discriminate different groups of source rocks amongst the hypogean CATT: (i) source rocks composed of mixed limestones, evaporites, and dolomites are characterised by low barium (< 100 ppm) and high strontium (> 400 ppm) contents, (ii) mafic and granitic source rocks are undifferentiated and display similar barium (from 15 to 930 ppm) and high strontium (> 200 ppm) contents, (iii) the carbonatite group is characterised by its exceptional high barium and strontium values. In epigean CATT, a pure limestone source rock usually relates to very low barium and strontium contents (< 50 ppm and < 70 ppm respectively), whereas mixed limestone, evaporite and dolomite source rocks generally display low strontium content (< 580 ppm) with higher barium content (> 50 ppm). (3) Relatively high beryllium content (> 30 ppm) in CATT seems to indicate a pure granitoid source. (4) High chromium concentrations (> 20 ppm) are systematically documented in Modern CATT located on an ultramafic substratum. The definition of diagnostic compositional fields for actively forming or recently formed CATT is influenced by many factors including water composition, water temperature, dissolved gas composition and concentration, biological activity, position in the sedimentary body and early diagenesis, in addition to substratum lithology. However, the results of this study illustrate that, despite these many factors, the combined use of Ba, Sr, Be, Cr, δ13C, and δ18O may be valuable to discriminate the rock lithology prevailing in the hydrogeological or palaeo-hydrogeological reservoir of CATT.
Published: 2016

11. No FeS layer in Mercury? Evidence from Ti/Al measured by MESSENGER

Author: Olivier Namur, Camille Cartier, E. J. Crapster-Pregont, Audrey Vorburger, Elizabeth A. Frank, Bernard Charlier, Shoshana Z. Weider, Larry R. Nittler, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Géologie [Liège], Université de Liège, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Terrestrial Magnetism [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [New York], and American Museum of Natural History (AMNH)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sulfide, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Iron sulfide, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Core–mantle boundary, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), titanium, core formation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Olivine, reducing conditions, magma ocean, Sulfur, Silicate, Mercury (element), Geophysics, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, sulfide matte, Geology
Abstract: In this study we investigate the likeliness of the existence of an iron sulfide layer (FeS matte) at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) of Mercury by comparing new chemical surface data obtained by the X-ray Spectrometer onboard the MESSENGER spacecraft with geochemical models supported by high-pressure experiments under reducing conditions. We present a new data set consisting of 233 Ti/Si measurements, which combined with Al/Si data show that Mercury's surface has a slightly subchondritic Ti/Al ratio of 0.035 ± 0.008. Multiphase equilibria experiments show that at the conditions of Mercury's core formation, Ti is chalcophile but not siderophile, making Ti a useful tracer of sulfide melt formation. We parameterize and use our partitioning data in a model to calculate the relative depletion of Ti in the bulk silicate fraction of Mercury as a function of a putative FeS layer thickness. By comparing the model results and surface elemental data we show that Mercury most likely does not have a FeS layer, and in case it would have one, it would only be a few kilometers thick ( 13 km ). We also show that Mercury's metallic Fe(Si) core cannot contain more than ∼1.5 wt.% sulfur and that the formation of this core under reducing conditions is responsible for the slightly subchondritic Ti/Al ratio of Mercury's surface.
Published: 2020

12. Synthesis and future research directions linking tree diversity to growth, survival, and damage in a global network of tree diversity experiments

Author: John D. Parker, Quentin Ponette, Nadia Barsoum, Martin Weih, Michael P. Perring, Jake J. Grossman, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Simone Mereu, Margot Vanhellemont, Helge Bruelheide, Dominique Gravel, Delphine Clara Zemp, Bart Muys, Kris Verheyen, Christian Messier, Michael Staab, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Hervé Jactel, Charles A. Nock, Alain Paquette, Jürgen Bauhus, Andreas Schuldt, Andy Hector, Bastien Castagneyrol, Holger Kreft, Peter B. Reich, Nico Eisenhauer, Olga Ferlian, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Ecosystems, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research [Great Britain], Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Leipzig University, Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford [Oxford], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, University of Western Australia, Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Department of Forest Resources, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Crop Production Ecology, and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, ecophysiology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, research infrastructure, plantation forest, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Generality, Herbivore, Ecology, herbivory, Longevity, pathogens, 15. Life on land, Facilitation, Spatial ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, biodiversity experiment, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Despite considerable research demonstrating that biodiversity increases productivity in forests and regulates herbivory and pathogen damage, there remain gaps in our understanding of the shape, magnitude, and generality of these biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships. Here, we review findings from TreeDivNet, a global network of 25 tree diversity experiments, on relationships between levels of biodiversity and (a) tree growth and survival and (b) damage to trees from pests and pathogens. Tree diversity often improved the survival and above- and belowground growth of young trees. The mechanistic bases of the diversity effects on tree growth and survival include both selection effects (i.e., an increasing impact of particular species in more species-rich communities) and complementary effects (e.g. related to resource differentiation and facilitation). Plant traits and abiotic stressors may mediate these relationships. Studies of the responses of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage have demonstrated that trees in more diverse experimental plots may experience more, less, or similar damage compared to conspecific trees in less diverse plots. Documented mechanisms producing these patterns include changes in concentration, frequency, and apparency of hosts; herbivore and pathogen diet breadth; the spatial scale of interactions; and herbivore and pathogen regulation by natural enemies. Our review of findings from TreeDivNet indicates that tree diversity experiments are extending BEF research across systems and scales, complementing previous BEF work in grasslands by providing opportunities to use remote sensing and spectral approaches to study BEF dynamics, integrate belowground and aboveground approaches, and trace the consequences of tree physiology for ecosystem functioning. This extension of BEF research into tree-dominated systems is improving ecologists’ capacity to understand the mechanistic bases behind BEF relationships. Tree diversity experiments also present opportunities for novel research. Since experimental tree diversity plantations enable measurements at tree, neighbourhood and plot level, they allow for explicit consideration of temporal and spatial scales in BEF dynamics. Presently, most TreeDivNet experiments have run for less than ten years. Given the longevity of trees, exciting results on BEF relationships are expected in the future.
Published: 2018

13. Carbon dynamics and CO2 and CH4 outgassing in the Mekong delta

Author: Alberto Borges, Gwenaël Abril, Steven Bouillon, Université de Liège, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), and Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biogeochemical cycle, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Carbon cycle, Salinity, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental chemistry, Dissolved organic carbon, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Mangrove, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: We report a data set of biogeochemical variables related to carbon cycling obtained in the three branches (M y Tho, Ham Luong, C o ^ ´ Chien) of the Mekong delta (B e ^ ´ n Tre province, Vietnam) in December 2003, April 2004, and October 2004. Both the inner estuary (upstream of the mouth) and the outer estuary (river plume) were sampled, as well as side channels. The values of the partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) ranged between 232 and 4085 ppm, O 2 saturation level (%O 2) between 63 and 114 %, and CH 4 between 2 and 2217 nmol L −1 , within the ranges of values previously reported in temperate and tropical meso- and macro-tidal estuaries. Strong seasonal variations were observed. In the upper oligohaline estuary, low pCO 2 (479–753 ppm) and high %O 2 (98–106 %) values were observed in April 2004 most probably related to freshwater phytoplankton growth owing to low freshwater discharge (1400 m 3 s −1) and increase in water residence time; during the two other sampling periods with a higher freshwater discharge (9300–17 900 m 3 s −1) , higher pCO 2 (1895–2664 ppm) and lower %O 2 (69–84 %) values were observed in the oligohaline part of the estuary. In October 2004, important phytoplankton growth occurred in the offshore part of the river plume as attested by changes in the contribution of particulate organic carbon (POC) to total suspended matter (TSM) (%POC) and the stable isotope composition of POC ( δ13 C-POC), possibly related to low TSM values (improvement of light conditions for phytoplankton development), leading to low pCO 2 (232 ppm) and high %O 2 (114 %) values. Water in the side channels in the Mekong delta was strongly impacted by inputs from the extensive shrimp farming ponds. The values of pCO 2 , CH 4 , %O 2 , and the stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon ( δ13 C-DIC) indicated intense organic matter degradation that was partly mediated by sulfate reduction in sediments, as revealed by the slope of total alkalinity (TA) and DIC covariations. The δ13 C-POC variations also indicated intense phytoplankton growth in the side channels, presumably due to nutrient enrichment related to the shrimp farming ponds. A data set in the mangrove creeks of the Ca Mau province (part of the Mekong delta) was also acquired in April and October 2004. These data extended the range of variability in pCO 2 and %O 2 with more extreme values than in the Mekong delta (B e ^ ´ n Tre), with maxima and minima of 6912 ppm and 37 %, respectively. Similarly, the maximum CH 4 concentration (686 nmol L −1) was higher in the Ca Mau province mangrove creeks than in the Mekong delta (B e ^ ´ n Tre, maximum 222 nmol L −1) during the October 2004 cruise (rainy season and high freshwater discharge period). In April 2004 (dry season and low freshwater discharge period), the CH 4 values were much lower than in October 2004 (average 19 ± 13 and 210 ± 158 nmol L −1 , respectively) in the Ca Mau province mangrove creeks, owing to the higher salinity (average 33.2 ± 0.6 and 14.1 ± 1.2, respectively) that probably led to higher sediment sulfate reduction, leading to inhibition of sediment methanogenesis and higher anaerobic CH 4 oxidation. In the inner estuarine region (three branches of the Mekong delta), CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere averaged 121 mmol m −2 d −1 , and the CH 4 emissions averaged 118 µ mol m −2 d −1 . The CO 2 emission to the atmosphere from the Mekong inner estuary was higher than reported in the Yangtze and Pearl river inner estuaries. This was probably due to the lower salinity in the Mekong delta branches, possibly due to different morphology: relatively linear channels in the Mekong delta versus funnel-shaped estuaries for the Yangtze and Pearl river inner estuaries.
Published: 2018

14. Variation of the isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon during the runoff cycle in the Amazon River and the floodplains

Author: Gwenaël Abril, Marc F. Benedetti, Marcela A.P. Pérez, Patricia Moreira-Turcq, Steven Bouillon, Patrick Albéric, Laboratoire « Environnements et Pale ́oenvironnements oce ́aniques et continentaux » (EPOC), CNRS, universite ́ de Bordeaux, 1, avenue des Faculte ́s, 33405 Talence, France, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense [Rio de Janeiro] (UFF), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Soil and Water Management Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CNRS-INSU : EC2CO, ANR-08-BLAN-0221,CARBAMA,CARBon biogeochemistry and atmospheric exchanges in the AMAzon river system(2008), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: C-13C-12, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, C4 plant raft, Runoff cycle, DOC, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Dissolved organic carbon, Tributary, Water cycle, 13C/12C, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Amazon Basin, Hydrology, Total organic carbon, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010401 analytical chemistry, 15. Life on land, C-4 plant raft, 0104 chemical sciences, Macrophyte, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Spatial variability
Abstract: Given the relative scarcity of stable isotope data on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Amazon Basin, we hypothesized that the variability in DOC sources may be underestimated in such major river basins. To explore the links between the mainstem and tributaries and the floodplain, particular efforts were made during five distinct cruises at different stages of the hydrograph between October 2008 and January 2011, to document the spatial and temporal variation of DOC concentrations and delta C-13-DOC in the central Amazon River system (Brazil). Based on more than 200 data, the spatial and temporal variability of delta C-13-DOC values was found to be larger than previously reported in the same area. Although a small range of variation was observed throughout the hydrological cycle in the upper reach of the studied section (-29.2 to -29.5 parts per thousand in the Rio Negro and -28.7 to -29.0 parts per thousand in the Rio Solimoes), a much larger one (-28.0 to -34.6 parts per thousand) was found in the lower reach of the river, as the proportion of open lakes increased downstream in the floodplains. The low variability in the upper reaches suggests constant and homogeneous DOC sources from upland soils and flooded forest, while lower delta C-13-DOC values recorded in the lower reach mainstem at high and falling waters can be attributed to a greater export of plankton-derived C-13-depleted DOC from flooded lakes. Noteworthy are the higher delta C-13-DOC values measured in the Rio Madeira and the associated flooded lakes (-26.5 to -28.8 parts per thousand, which may reflect the imprint from upland headwaters and a weaker density of flooded forest in the watershed. The higher delta C-13-DOC values observed in the lower reach during low waters are still not fully understood. Floating meadows principally consisting of C-4 macrophytes were found to increase delta C-13-DOC values by similar to 1.5 parts per thousand in their vicinity, but this impact was no longer noticeable at distances of similar to 10 m from the plant rafts. This rather modest C-13-enrichment suggests rapid decomposition and/or dilution of this wetland-derived DOC.
Published: 2018

15. SMOS-IC: An Alternative SMOS Soil Moisture and Vegetation Optical Depth Product

Author: Roberto Fernandez-Moran, Amen Al-Yaari, Ali Mahmoodi, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Arnaud Mialon, Ernesto Lopez-Baeza, Yann Kerr, Ahmad Al Bitar, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Gabrielle De Lannoy, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics [Valencia], Universitat de València (UV), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: environmental_sciences, L band, Vegetation optical depth, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, NDVI, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Weather forecasting, 0207 environmental engineering, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, SMOS, L-band, Level 3, ECMWF, SMOS-IC, soil moisture, vegetation optical depth, MODIS, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, température, humidité du sol, luminosity, 14. Life underwater, 020701 environmental engineering, Water content, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Remote sensing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, salinité des océans, Biosphere, luminosité, Vegetation, Albedo, Spectroradiometer, 13. Climate action, Brightness temperature, Product (mathematics), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, level 3, computer
Abstract: © 2017 by the authors. The main goal of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission over land surfaces is the production of global maps of soil moisture (SM) and vegetation optical depth (τ) based on multi-angular brightness temperature (TB) measurements at L-band. The operational SMOS Level 2 and Level 3 soil moisture algorithms account for different surface effects, such as vegetation opacity and soil roughness at 4 km resolution, in order to produce global retrievals of SM and τ. In this study, we present an alternative SMOS product that was developed by INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) and CESBIO (Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la BIOsphère). One of the main goals of this SMOS-INRA-CESBIO (SMOS-IC) product is to be as independent as possible from auxiliary data. The SMOS-IC product provides daily SM and τ at the global scale and differs from the operational SMOS Level 3 (SMOSL3) product in the treatment of retrievals over heterogeneous pixels. Specifically, SMOS-IC is much simpler and does not account for corrections associated with the antenna pattern and the complex SMOS viewing angle geometry. It considers pixels as homogeneous to avoid uncertainties and errors linked to inconsistent auxiliary datasets which are used to characterize the pixel heterogeneity in the SMOS L3 algorithm. SMOS-IC also differs from the current SMOSL3 product (Version 300, V300) in the values of the effective vegetation scattering albedo (ω) and soil roughness parameters. An inter-comparison is presented in this study based on the use of ECMWF (European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting) SM outputs and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). A six-year (2010-2015) inter-comparison of the SMOS products SMOS-IC and SMOSL3 SM (V300) with ECMWF SM yielded higher correlations and lower ubRMSD (unbiased root mean square difference) for SMOS-IC over most of the pixels. In terms of τ SMOS-IC τ was found to be better correlated to MODIS NDVI in most regions of the globe, with the exception of the Amazonian basin and the northern mid-latitudes. ispartof: Remote Sensing vol:9 issue:457 pages:1-21 status: published
Published: 2017

16. Trees, forests and water: Cool insights for a hot world

Author: Yulia Sugandi, Meine van Noordwijk, Dominick V. Spracklen, Bruno Verbist, Daniel Murdiyarso, Bart Muys, Adriaan J. Teuling, David Sands, David L. A. Gaveau, Victoria Gutierrez, Aida Bargués Tobella, Douglas Sheil, David Ellison, Jan Pokorny, Bruno Locatelli, Caroline A Sullivan, Solomon Gebreyohannis Gebrehiwot, Cindy E. Morris, Jane Maslow Cohen, Irena F. Creed, Elaine Springgay, Ulrik Ilstedt, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ellison Consulting, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology [Bozeman], Montana State University (MSU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Bogor Agricultural University - IPB (INDONESIA), WeForest, World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Kenya] (ICRAF), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Western Ontario (UWO), ENKI, o.p.s., University of Leeds, Department of Earth Sciences [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Addis Ababa University (AAU), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Southern Cross University (SCU), CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA), Australian Research Council fund LP130100498, ENKI and the Belgian Development Cooperation through VLIR-UOS, Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Texas law, University of North Texas (UNT), Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, ICRAF World Agroforestry Center, Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Department of Biology, Western University, School of Earth and Environment, Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Department of Earth Sciences [ Uppsala], Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Department of Community Development and Communication Sciences, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, and Ellison, David
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mitigation, Climate, Geography, Planning and Development, Ressource énergétique, Planification régionale, adaptation aux changements climatiques, forêt tropicale, adaptation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, forest, forêt, 11. Sustainability, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, couverture du sol, Gouvernance, Milieux et Changements globaux, reforestation, Global and Planetary Change, Utilisation des terres, water, energy, climate, carbon, mitigation, sustainability, Energy, Ecology, Corporate governance, Environmental resource management, impact climatique, PE&RC, Call to action, séquestration du carbone, Plant Production Systems, Sustainability, réduction des émissions, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Ressource en eau, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, cycle du carbone, Climate Research, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, cycle de l'eau, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Land cover, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Carbon cycle, carbon cycle, Couverture végétale, Forest, Adaptation, P10 - Ressources en eau et leur gestion, Arbre forestier, Reforestation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Changement climatique, Land use, business.industry, Water, Water cool, Cycle hydrologique, politique agrienvironnementale, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Water resources, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Politique foncière, Environmental science, Politique forestière, business
Abstract: © 2017 The Author(s) Forest-driven water and energy cycles are poorly integrated into regional, national, continental and global decision-making on climate change adaptation, mitigation, land use and water management. This constrains humanity's ability to protect our planet's climate and life-sustaining functions. The substantial body of research we review reveals that forest, water and energy interactions provide the foundations for carbon storage, for cooling terrestrial surfaces and for distributing water resources. Forests and trees must be recognized as prime regulators within the water, energy and carbon cycles. If these functions are ignored, planners will be unable to assess, adapt to or mitigate the impacts of changing land cover and climate. Our call to action targets a reversal of paradigms, from a carbon-centric model to one that treats the hydrologic and climate-cooling effects of trees and forests as the first order of priority. For reasons of sustainability, carbon storage must remain a secondary, though valuable, by-product. The effects of tree cover on climate at local, regional and continental scales offer benefits that demand wider recognition. The forest- and tree-centered research insights we review and analyze provide a knowledge-base for improving plans, policies and actions. Our understanding of how trees and forests influence water, energy and carbon cycles has important implications, both for the structure of planning, management and governance institutions, as well as for how trees and forests might be used to improve sustainability, adaptation and mitigation efforts. publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Trees, forests and water: Cool insights for a hot world journaltitle: Global Environmental Change articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.01.002 content_type: article copyright: © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. ispartof: Global Environmental Change vol:43 pages:51-61 status: published
Published: 2017

17. A new calibration of the effective scattering albedo and soil roughness parameters in the SMOS SM retrieval algorithm

Author: Yann Kerr, Ahmad Al Bitar, Marie Parrens, Ali Mahmoodi, Roberto Fernandez-Moran, Ernesto Lopez-Baeza, G. De Lannoy, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Philippe Richaume, S. Bircher, Arnaud Mialon, Amen Al-Yaari, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Faculty of Physics. Dept. of Earth Physics & Thermodynamics, Climatology from Satellites Group, University of Valencia, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), TOSCA CNES, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics [Valencia], Universitat de València (UV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: biosphère, L band, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0211 other engineering and technologies, effective scattering albedo, 02 engineering and technology, Land cover, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, télédétection microondes, Calibration, humidité du sol, 14. Life underwater, Computers in Earth Sciences, Water content, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Remote sensing, rugosité de surface, Global and Planetary Change, salinité des océans, Scattering, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Albedo, L-band, Geography, soil roughness, albédo, soil moisture, Soil roughness, SMOS, rugosité du sol
Abstract: This study focuses on the calibration of the effective vegetation scattering albedo (ω) and surface soil roughness parameters (H R , and N Rp , p = H,V) in the Soil Moisture (SM) retrieval from L-band passive microwave observations using the L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) model. In the current Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Level 2 (L2), v620, and Level 3 (L3), v300, SM retrieval algorithms, low vegetated areas are parameterized by ω = 0 and H R = 0.1, whereas values of ω = 0.06 − 0.08 and H R = 0.3 are used for forests. Several parameterizations of the vegetation and soil roughness parameters (ω, H R and N Rp , p = H,V) were tested in this study, treating SMOS SM retrievals as homogeneous over each pixel instead of retrieving SM over a representative fraction of the pixel, as implemented in the operational SMOS L2 and L3 algorithms. Globally-constant values of ω = 0.10, H R = 0.4 and N Rp = −1 (p = H,V) were found to yield SM retrievals that compared best with in situ SM data measured at many sites worldwide from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN). The calibration was repeated for collections of in situ sites classified in different land cover categories based on the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) scheme. Depending on the IGBP land cover class, values of ω and H R varied, respectively, in the range 0.08–0.12 and 0.1–0.5. A validation exercise based on in situ measurements confirmed that using either a global or an IGBP-based calibration, there was an improvement in the accuracy of the SM retrievals compared to the SMOS L3 SM product considering all statistical metrics (R = 0.61, bias = −0.019 m 3 m −3 , ubRMSE = 0.062 m 3 m −3 for the IGBP-based calibration; against R = 0.54, bias = −0.034 m 3 m −3 and ubRMSE = 0.070 m 3 m −3 for the SMOS L3 SM product). This result is a key step in the calibration of the roughness and vegetation parameters in the operational SMOS retrieval algorithm. The approach presented here is the core of a new forthcoming SMOS optimized SM product.
Published: 2017

18. Are forest disturbances amplifying or canceling out climate change-induced productivity changes in European forests?

Author: Rupert Seidl, Stephen Bathgate, Christian Temperli, José G. Borges, Harald Bugmann, Marc Palahí, Sylvain Delzon, Santiago Sabaté, Carlos Gracia, Bruce C. Nicoll, Rasoul Yousefpour, Ernst van der Maaten, José Ramón González-Olabarria, Marcus Lindner, Seppo Kellomäki, Mart-Jan Schelhaas, Margarida Tomé, Michael Maroschek, Marc Hanewinkel, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Duncan Ray, Joana Amaral Paulo, Timo Pukkala, Kristina Blennow, Sónia Pacheco Faias, Manfred J. Lexer, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Koen Kramer, Barry Gardiner, Werner Rammer, Heli Peltola, Bart Muys, Juan Guerra Hernández, João H.N. Palma, Jordi Garcia-Gonzalo, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Dept. of Landscape architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Grimmer Strasse 88, Mediterranean Regional Office, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, University of Freiburg, School of Forest Sciences, activities, University of Lisbon, Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), and Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Trade-offs, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural resource economics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forest models, 01 natural sciences, Forest productivity-disturbances-climate change interactions, Forest restoration, fire, forest models, forest productivity-disturbances-climate change interactions, insects, storms, trade-offs, Forest and Landscape Ecology, General Environmental Science, changement climatique, Ecology, insecte ravageur, tempête, PE&RC, Fire, Insects, Climatology, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, europe, forest fire, Climate Research, Storms, productivité forestière, Climate change, Ecoforestry, Article, Climatic gradient, incendie de forêt, Effects of global warming, Stock (geology), Vegetatie, thunderstorm, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Vegetation, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Forest Science, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Storm, Global change, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Recent studies projecting future climate change impacts on forests mainly consider either the effects of climate change on productivity or on disturbances. However, productivity and disturbances are intrinsically linked because 1) disturbances directly affect forest productivity (e.g. via a reduction in leaf area, growing stock or resource-use efficiency), and 2) disturbance susceptibility is often coupled to a certain development phase of the forest with productivity determining the time a forest is in this specific phase of susceptibility. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of forest productivity changes in different forest regions in Europe under climate change, and partition these changes into effects induced by climate change alone and by climate change and disturbances. We present projections of climate change impacts on forest productivity from state-of-the-art forest models that dynamically simulate forest productivity and the effects of the main European disturbance agents (fire, storm, insects), driven by the same climate scenario in seven forest case studies along a large climatic gradient throughout Europe. Our study shows that, in most cases, including disturbances in the simulations exaggerate ongoing productivity declines or cancel out productivity gains in response to climate change. In fewer cases, disturbances also increase productivity or buffer climate-change induced productivity losses, e.g. because low severity fires can alleviate resource competition and increase fertilization. Even though our results cannot simply be extrapolated to other types of forests and disturbances, we argue that it is necessary to interpret climate change-induced productivity and disturbance changes jointly to capture the full range of climate change impacts on forests and to plan adaptation measures., published version, peerReviewed
Published: 2017

19. Long-term growth changes of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) are less pronounced on highly productive sites

Author: Jos Van Orshoven, Bart Muys, Ellen Janssen, Vincent Kint, Wim Aertsen, Jean-Daniel Bontemps, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research Fund KU Leuven [OT/07/046], and IWT-SBO programme of the Flemish community (SimForTree project, IWT-SBO contract) [060032]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Dendrochronology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, Species distribution, Forest management, Holocene climatic optimum, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Fagus sylvatica, Temperate climate, Beech, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, biology, Ecology, Forestry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Radial growth, Growth trend, Common beech, Mixed-effects models, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Global and local environmental changes can cause significant changes in forest growth with important consequences for forest management. Although effects of climate change on tree growth are expected to be more pronounced near the edge of a geographic species range, significant changes in growth of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) over the last century have also been reported for the West-European temperate lowland, where the species is situated near its climatic optimum. In this article we examined whether similar long-term growth trends in common beech could be observed over the last century on the most productive soils, i.e. on the loamy soils of the loess belt in Flanders, Belgium, as those described for other regions in Europe, or whether these productive sites buffer environmental change impact. Applying both linear and non-linear mixed modelling approaches, similar historical changes were revealed in the growth of beech throughout the last century. Radial growth of common beech was found to be characterized by a long-term increase, reaching its maximum in the 1960-1980s, followed by a decrease. With a maximum increase of 21-24% compared to the reference year of 1900 and down to 8-21% in 2008, the observed long-term changes are showing very similar trends to the observations reported for other European regions, but somewhat lower in magnitude. These findings suggest an overall recent decreased vigour of common beech in Europe, although highly productive sites buffer environmental changes better than low productive sites near the edge of the species range. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014

20. DATA Aggregation effects in regional yield simulations

Author: Hoffmann, Holger, Kersebaum, Kurt Christian, Zhao, Gang, Asseng, Senthold, Bindi, Marco, Cammarano, Davide, Constantin, Julie, Coucheney, Elsa, Dechow, Rene, Doro, Luca, Eckersten, Henrik, Gaiser, Thomas, Grosz, Balazs, Haas, Edwin, Kassie, Belay T., Kiese, Ralf, Klatt, Steffen, Kuhnert, Matthias, Lewan, Elisabet, Moriondo, Marco, Nendel, Claas, Raynal, Helene, Roggero, Pier Paolo, Rötter, Reimund Paul, Siebert, Stefan J., Sosa, Carmen, Specka, Xenia, Tao, Fulu, Teixeira, Edmar, Trombi, Giacomo, Yeluripati, Jagadeesh, Vanuytrecht, Eline, Wallach, Daniel, Wang, Enli, Weihermueller, Lutz, Zhao, Zhigan, Ewert, Frank, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn-Division of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, University of Florida [Gainesville], University of Florence (UNIFI), The James Hutton Institute, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Texas A&M University System, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Instutute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Climate Impacts Group, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University delgi Studi di Firenze, Information and Computational Sciences Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), CSIRO, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), China Agricultural University, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departement of Soil and Environment, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Plant & Food Research, and China Agricultural University (CAU)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Session: AgMIP: Advances in Crop & Soil Model Intercomparison and Improvement Oral; Regional yield simulations with process-based models often rely on input data of coarse spatial resolution (Ewert et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2015). Using aggregated data as input for process-based models entails the risks of introducing so-called aggregation errors (AE). Such AE depend on the model structure in combination with the aggregation method, the type of aggregated data as well as its spatial heterogeneity. While the regional crop yield bias is usually
Published: 2016

21. First application of regression analysis to retrieve soil moisture from SMAP brightness temperature observations consistent with SMOS soil moisture

Author: Al Yaari, Amen, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Kerr, Yann, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, O'Neill, Peggy, Jackson, Thomas, De Lannoy, Gabrielle, Al Bitar, Ahmad, Mialon, Arnaud, Richaume, Philippe, Yueh, Simon, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), United States Department of Agriculture, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, and Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA)
Subjects: remote sensing, télédétection, modèle de transfert radiatif, projet smos, équation de régression, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: Two dedicated soil moisture (SM) spaceborne missions, ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellites, were launched in 2009 and 2015, respectively. Both satellites have been providing microwave brightness temperature (TB) observations and SM retrievals at L-band since then (Entekhabi et al., 2010; Kerr et al., 2012). A recent study demonstrated the efficiency of physically-based multiple-linear regression equations (Wigneron et al., 2004) to retrieve SM from AMSR-E TB observations. The regression equations were derived analytically from the radiative transfer model. The purpose of that initial study was to extend the SMOS SM product into the past i.e., 2003-2009, using AMSR-E TB observations. The current study follows the same strategy to retrieve SM from SMAP TB observations with a purpose to extend the SMOS SM product into the future at the global scale. Regression coefficients were calibrated using SMOS horizontal and vertical TB observations and SM level 3 (SMOSL3 as a training data), over the 2013 - 2014 period. Based on these calibrated coefficients, global SM maps were produced from the SMAP TB observations during the 31/03-08/09/2015 period (referred here to as SMAP-reg). The SM data set obtained from SMAP TBs using the regression equations has been compared to the SMAP SM dataset computed withthe single channel algorithm and both exhibit the same temporal dynamics. For instance, figure 1 shows the (Pearson) correlation coefficient (R) between SMAP-reg and SMAP original SM over 31/03-08/09/2015. A remarkable agreement, R (mostly > 0.8), was obtained between the SMAP-reg and SMAP original SM products.Ongoing evaluations of the SMAP-reg SM product, with comparison to the SMAP original SM, against the global MERRA-Land SM simulations and in situ measurements will be presented. The main interest in the SMAP-reg SM product is that it is fully consistent with the SMOS Level 3 SM product. One of the key remaining tasks is toensure the consistent relative calibration between SMOS and SMAP TBs.
Published: 2016

22. Biotic homogenization can decrease landscape-scale forest multifunctionality

Author: Harriet Milligan, Miguel A. Zavala, Sandra Mueller, Lander Baeten, Santiago Soliveres, Peter Manning, Tommaso Jucker, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Hervé Jactel, Arthur Gessler, Olivier Bouriaud, Andrea Coppi, Fons van der Plas, Kris Verheyen, Hans De Wandeler, Damien Bonal, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Diem Nguyen, Evy Ampoorter, Bart Muys, Monique Carnol, Dawid Zielinski, Christian Wirth, David A. Coomes, Lars Vesterdal, Leena Finér, Timo Domisch, Jan Stenlid, Virginie Guyot, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Helge Bruelheide, Julia Koricheva, Adam Benneter, Fernando Valladares, Eric Allan, Sophia Ratcliffe, Federico Selvi, Bastien Castagneyrol, Yohan Charbonnier, Christina C. Bestias, André Granier, François-Xavier Joly, Seid Muhie Dawud, Martina Pollastrini, Charlotte Grossiord, Raquel Benavides, Filippo Bussotti, Markus Fischer, Jürgen Bauhus, Luc Barbaro, Coomes, David Anthony [0000-0002-8261-2582], Gessler, Arthur [0000-0002-1910-9589], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Bern, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava (USU), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Dept Agri Food Prod & Environm Sci, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Bretagne Vivante, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Finnish Forest Research Institute, Forest Dynam, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Warsaw (UW), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Gastroentérologie [Hôpital Beaujon], Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 265171., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), European Commission, Allan, Eric [0000-0001-9641-9436], Albert Ludwigs University, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], German Research Foundation, University of Florence (UNIFI), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Hôpital Beaujon, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Allan, Eric
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Databases, Factual, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, Homogenization (climate), Biodiversity, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Corrections, Models, Biological, Environmental science, Trees, β-diversity, Ecosystem functioning, FunDivEUROPE, Spatial scale, Multidisciplinary, Ecosystem, Computer Simulation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, spatial scale, Ecology, Beta-diversity, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Europe, Geography, Medio Ambiente, ecosystem functioning, Species richness, Tree species
Abstract: Many experiments have shown that local biodiversity loss impairs the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple ecosystem functions at high levels (multifunctionality). In contrast, the role of biodiversity in driving ecosystem multifunctionality at landscape scales remains unresolved. We used a comprehensive pan-European dataset, including 16 ecosystem functions measured in 209 forest plots across six European countries, and performed simulations to investigate how local plot-scale richness of tree species (α-diversity) and their turnover between plots (β-diversity) are related to landscape-scale multifunctionality. After accounting for variation in environmental conditions, we found that relationships between α-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality varied from positive to negative depending on the multifunctionality metric used. In contrast, when significant, relationships between β-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality were always positive, because a high spatial turnover in species composition was closely related to a high spatial turnover in functions that were supported at high levels. Our findings have major implications for forest management and indicate that biotic homogenization can have previously unrecognized and negative consequences for large-scale ecosystem multifunctionality., The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 265171.
Published: 2016

23. Contributions of a global network of tree diversity experiments to sustainable forest plantations

Author: Helge Bruelheide, Martin Weih, Douglas L. Godbold, Peter B. Reich, Michel Loreau, Andy Hector, Andrew R. Smith, Kris Verheyen, Josephine Haase, Margot Vanhellemont, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, John D. Parker, Bart Muys, Nadia Barsoum, Michael P. Perring, Julia Koricheva, Lander Baeten, Bastien Castagneyrol, Philippe Nolet, Alain Paquette, Christopher Baraloto, Catherine Potvin, Simone Mereu, Simon Bilodeau-Gauthier, Quentin Ponette, Christian Messier, Harald Auge, Hervé Jactel, Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), German Institute for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University (FIU), Department of Botany, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Centre for Ecosystems, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Ecosystem Management, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute Agricultural Science (ETH Zurich), Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford [Oxford], School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, University of Sassari, Division on Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (IAFES), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Institut des Sciences de la Forêt tempérée (ISFORT), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Département des Sciences naturelles, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Department of Biology [Montréal], McGill University, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University (UWS), School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Forest Research [Great Britain], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Western Sydney University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Oxford, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), and Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Technology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Functional biodiversity research, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sustainable forest management, Geography, Planning and Development, ecological restoration, Biodiversity, TROPICAL FORESTS, INSECTS, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, Forests, Plantation forest, Procedures, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Trees, BIOMASS, Engineering, plantation forest, Conservation Of Natural Resources, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Timber Industry, PRODUCTIVITY, Experimental Design, Environmental resource management, General Medicine, functional biodiversity research, Forest Management, Geography, Data Acquisition, Sustainability, Perspective, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, HERBIVORY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Tree, Environmental Monitoring, Conservation of Natural Resources, Carbon Sequestration, Pest Resistance, Vulnerability, Forestry Policy, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, STANDS, Sustainable Forestry, Global network, biodiversity experiments, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Forest, Restoration ecology, Ecological restoration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Resistance (ecology), Global Perspective, business.industry, Biodiversity experiments, Engineering, Environmental, Restoration Ecology, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Plantation Forestry, sustainable forest management, DENSITY, Genotype-environment Interaction, business, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Protection
Abstract: The area of forest plantations is increasing worldwide helping to meet timber demand and protect natural forests. However, with global change, monospecific plantations are increasingly vulnerable to abiotic and biotic disturbances. As an adaption measure we need to move to plantations that are more diverse in genotypes, species, and structure, with a design underpinned by science. TreeDivNet, a global network of tree diversity experiments, responds to this need by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of mixed species plantations. The network currently consists of 18 experiments, distributed over 36 sites and five ecoregions. With plantations 1-15 years old, TreeDivNet can already provide relevant data for forest policy and management. In this paper, we highlight some early results on the carbon sequestration and pest resistance potential of more diverse plantations. Finally, suggestions are made for new, innovative experiments in understudied regions to complement the existing network. ispartof: Ambio vol:45 issue:1 pages:29-41 ispartof: location:Sweden status: published
Published: 2016

24. Ecosystem services from small forest patches in agricultural landscapes

Author: Olivier Chabrerie, Marc Deconchat, Monika Wulf, Martin Diekmann, Brice Giffard, Karin Hansen, Annette Kolb, Emilie Andrieu, Steffen Ehrmann, Guillaume Decocq, Irina Prokofieva, Kris Verheyen, Jörg Brunet, Elena Gorriz Mifsud, Alicia Valdés, Jonathan Lenoir, Elsa Varela, Pallieter De Smedt, Martin Hermy, Jaan Liira, Lars Rosenqvist, Pieter De Frenne, Filip Moldan, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Forest & Nature Lab, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), University of Bremen, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentaris (CREDA -UPC - IRTA), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, ERA-Net BiodivERsA project smallFOREST, and Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, provisioning services, Land use, land-use change and forestry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Sustainable development, Habitat fragmentation, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Forestry, lowlands, 15. Life on land, regulating services, cultural services, supporting services, Biodiversity hotspot, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, business
Abstract: En attente clé UT; International audience; In Europe, like in many temperate lowlands worldwide, forest has a long history of fragmentation and land use change. In many places, forest landscapes consist of patches of different quality, age, size and isolation, embedded in a more or less intensively managed agricultural matrix. As potential biodiversity islets, small forest patches (SFP) may deliver several crucial ecosystem services to human society, but they receive little attention compared to large, relatively intact forest patches. Beyond their role as a biodiversity reservoir, SFP provide important in situ services such as timber and wild food (game, edible plants and mushrooms) production. At the landscape scale, SFP may enhance the crop production via physical (obstacle against wind and floods) and biological (sources of pollinators and natural enemies) regulation, but may, on the other hand, also be involved in the spread of infectious diseases. Depending on their geographic location, SFP can also greatly influence the water cycle and contribute to supply high-quality water to agriculture and people. Globally, SFP are important carbon sinks and are involved in nutrient cycles, thus play a role in climate change mitigation. Cultural services are more related to landscape values than to SFP per se, but the latter may contribute to the construction of community identity. We conclude that SFP, as local biodiversity hotspots in degraded landscapes, have the potential to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services and may even be crucial for the ecological intensification of agro-ecosystems. There is thus an urgent need to increase our knowledge about the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services delivered by these SFP in agricultural landscapes.
Published: 2016

25. Assimilation of SMOS soil moisture and brightness temperature products into a land surface model

Author: Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, Gift Dumedah, Olivier Merlin, Niko E. C. Verhoest, Ahmad Al Bitar, Ming Pan, Y. H. Kerr, Matthias Drusch, Sat Kumar Tomer, Joshua K. Roundy, G. De Lannoy, Brecht Martens, Hans Lievens, Jeffrey P. Walker, Harry Vereecken, Eric F. Wood, Valentijn R. N. Pauwels, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESA/ESTEC, SATYUKT ANALYTICS PVT LTD BANGALORE IND, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cloud cover, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Data assimilation, Streamflow, Brightness, Computers in Earth Sciences, Water content, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multi-scale, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, temperature, Geology, 15. Life on land, 020801 environmental engineering, Brightness temperature, Soil water, Environmental science, Ensemble Kalman filter, Soil moisture, Downscaling, SMOS
Abstract: The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission has the potential to improve the predictive skill of land surface models through the assimilation of its observations. Several alternate products can be distinguished: the observed brightness temperature (TB) data at coarse scale, indirect estimates of soil moisture (SM) through the inversion of the coarse-scale TB observations, and fine-scale soil moisture through the a priori downscaling of coarse-scale soil moisture. The SMOS TB products include observations over a large range of incidence angles at both H- and V-polarizations, which allows the merit of assimilating the full set of multi-angular/polarization observations, as opposed to specific sub-sets of observations, to be assessed. This study investigates the performance of various observation scenarios with respect to soil moisture and streamflow predictions in the Murray Darling Basin. The observations are assimilated into the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, coupled to the Community Microwave Emission Modeling (CMEM) platform, using the Ensemble Kalman filter. The assimilation of these various observation products is assessed under similar realistic assimilation settings, without optimization, and validated by comparison of the modeled soil moisture and streamflow to in situ measurements across the basin. The best results are achieved from assimilation of the coarse-scale SM observations. The reduced improvement using downscaled SM is probably due to a lower number of observations, as a result of cloud cover effects on the downscaling method. The assimilation of TB was found to be a promising alternative, which led to improvements in soil moisture prediction approaching those of the coarse-scale SM assimilation. publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Assimilation of SMOS soil moisture and brightness temperature products into a land surface model journaltitle: Remote Sensing of Environment articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.10.033 content_type: article copyright: © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ispartof: Remote Sensing of Environment vol:180 pages:292-304 status: published
Published: 2016

26. The effects of weathering variability and anthropogenic pressures upon silicon cycling in an intertropical watershed (Tana River, Kenya)

Author: Steven Bouillon, H. Hughes, Luc André, Damien Cardinal, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Royal Museum of Central Africa, Division of Soil and Water Management Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), and Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Watershed, biology, Drainage basin, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Geology, Estuary, Weathering, biology.organism_classification, Salinity, Isotopic signature, Diatom, Productivity (ecology), Geochemistry and Petrology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present the first study of the Si isotopic composition of dry season river waters from the Tana River, Kenya. Data encompasses the entire river basin, with samples collected from headwaters to the estuary, thereby capturing a salinity gradient. In the headwaters, the isotopic signature is affected by climate, as a result of its control on soil drainage and weathering. The δ 30 Si signatures in the basin range from + 0.69‰ up to + 2.23‰. Signatures are clearly affected by dams: an increase in δ 30 Si ratios of 0.54‰ and a decrease in the dissolved Si (DSi) concentration by 41% were observed downstream of the Masinga dam, the largest of a succession of 5 hydroelectric dams. This reduction in Si load is most likely due to increased diatom productivity as the corresponding change in δ 30 Si signature is consistent with the known fractionation by these organisms. The δ 30 Si composition of waters entering the estuary is ca. + 2‰ and DSi concentrations are 349 μM. In the estuary, the DSi concentrations decrease linearly following the salinity, while the δ 30 Si ratio remains stable, indicating the absence of processes affecting the DSi pool for the studied range of salinity.
Published: 2012

27. SMOS soil moisture assimilation for improved hydrologic simulation in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia

Author: Ahmad, Al Bitar, Lievens, H., Tomer, Sat-Kumar, De Lannoy, G.J.M., Drusch, M., Dumedah, G., Hendricks Franssen, H.-J., Kerr, Yann H., Martens, B., Pan, M., Roundy, J.K., Vereecken, H., Walker, J.P., Wood, E.F., Verhoest, N.E.C., Pauwels, V.R.N., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), SATYUKT ANALYTICS PVT LTD BANGALORE IND, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), ESA/ESTEC, and Princeton University
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hydrological modelling, 0207 environmental engineering, Drainage basin, Soil Science, Streamflow, Murray Darling Basin, 02 engineering and technology, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Data assimilation, Computers in Earth Sciences, 020701 environmental engineering, Water content, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Ensemble Kalman filter, Soil moisture, Surface runoff, SMOS
Abstract: This study explores the benefits of assimilating SMOS soil moisture retrievals for hydrologic modeling, with a focus on soil moisture and streamflow simulations in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia. In this basin, floods occur relatively frequently and initial catchment storage is known to be key to runoff generation. The land surface model is the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. The model is calibrated using the available streamflow records of 169 gauge stations across the Murray Darling Basin. The VIC soil moisture forecast is sequentially updated with observations from the SMOS Level 3 CATDS (Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS) soil moisture product using the Ensemble Kalman filter. The assimilation algorithm accounts for the spatial mismatch between the model (0.125°) and the SMOS observation (25km) grids. Three widely-used methods for removing bias between model simulations and satellite observations of soil moisture are evaluated. These methods match the first, second and higher order moments of the soil moisture distributions, respectively. In this study, the first order bias correction, i.e. the rescaling of the long term mean, is the recommended method. Preserving the observational variability of the SMOS soil moisture data leads to improved soil moisture updates, particularly for dry and wet conditions, and enhances initial conditions for runoff generation. Second or higher order bias correction, which includes a rescaling of the variance, decreases the temporal variability of the assimilation results. In comparison with in situ measurements of OzNet, the assimilation with mean bias correction reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) of the modeled soil moisture from 0.058m3/m3 to 0.046m3/m3 and increases the correlation from 0.564 to 0.714. These improvements in antecedent wetness conditions further translate into improved predictions of associated water fluxes, particularly runoff peaks. In conclusion, the results of this study clearly demonstrate the merit of SMOS data assimilation for soil moisture and streamflow predictions at the large scale. publisher: Elsevier articletitle: SMOS soil moisture assimilation for improved hydrologic simulation in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia journaltitle: Remote Sensing of Environment articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.06.025 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ispartof: Remote Sensing of Environment vol:168 pages:146-162 status: published
Published: 2015

28. Ecological rainfall infrastructure: investment in trees for sustainable development

Author: Van Noordwijk, Meine, Bruijnzeel, Sampurno, Ellison, David, Sheil, Douglas, Morris, Cindy E., Sands, David, Gutierrez, Victoria, Cohen, Jane, Sullivan, Caroline A., Verbist, Bruno, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Gaveau, David, Muys, Bart, World Agroforestry Centre, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ellison Consulting, Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Montana State University (MSU), WeForest, Texas law, University of North Texas (UNT), School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University (SCU), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: In many parts of the world local people are convinced that forests, trees and rainfall are related in more than one way: forests and trees not only depend on rainfall but help to generate it. Scientists confronted with this perspective have always denied such effects, or at best been ‘agnostic’, as it seemed impossible in their data to find evidence. New evidence on credible mechanisms for forest and tree effects on rainfall is, however, emerging. It can revolutionize current climate negotiations that all focus on greenhouse gas emissions.
Published: 2015

29. Evolution of fault permeability during episodic fluid circulation : evidence for the effects of fluid–rock interactions from travertine studies (Utah–USA)

Author: Emanuelle Frery, Nadine Ellouz-Zimmerman, Rudy Swennen, Dominique Blamart, Jean-Pierre Gratier, Pierre Deschamps, Jean Braun, Christelle Loiselet, Bruno Hamelin, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Tectonique reliefs et bassins, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Thermodynamic state, Outcrop, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Petrography, Paleontology, Vein sealing, Travertine calibration, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Fault activity, Aragonite, Structural geology, Crust, CO2-enriched fluids, Fluid circulation and leakage, Permeability (earth sciences), Geophysics, engineering, human activities, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: © 2015 Elsevier B.V.. Faults are known to be important pathways for fluid circulation within the crust. The transfer properties along faults can evolve over time and space. The Little Grand Wash and Salt Wash normal faults, located on the Colorado Plateau, are well known examples of natural CO2 leakage systems from depth to surface. Previous studies dated and established a chronology of CO2-enriched fluid source migration along the fault traces and linked the aragonite veins observed close to Crystal Geyser to CO2-pulses. However, multiple circulation events recorded along a given fault segment deserve to be studied in minute detail in order to unravel the chronology of these events, precipitation processes and associated mechanisms. A combination of structural geology, petrography, U/Th dating, oxygen and carbon isotope analysis were used to study the fault related CO2-enriched paleo-circulations in order to build a conceptual model of CO2-circulation along the faults. This study resulted in the precise descriptions of the features attesting CO2-enriched fluid circulation by a characterization of their relationship and architecture at the outcrop scale. These features are witnesses of a large range of circulation/sealing mechanisms, as well as changes in fluid chemistry and thermodynamic state of the system, providing evidence for (i) the evolution of the fluid through a pathway from depth to the surface and (ii) different cycles of fault opening and sealing. Large circulation events linked with fault opening/sealing are observed and calibrated in nature with millennial circulation and sealing time-lapses. Numerical modelling indicates that such sealing timescale can be explained by the introduction of a fault sealing factor that allows modifying permeability with time and that is calibrated by the natural observations. ispartof: Tectonophysics vol:651 pages:121-137 status: published
Published: 2015

30. On the need to establish an international soil modelling consortium

Author: Harry Vereecken, Jan Vanderborght, Andrea Schnepf, Nicolas Brüggemann, Wulf Amelung, Michael Herbst, Mathieu Javaux, Zee, Sjoerd E. A. T. M., Dani Or, Jirka Simunek, Martinus Th. van Genuchten, Jasper Vrugt, Hopmans, Jan W., Young, Michael H., Philippe Baveye, Yakov Pachepsky, Marnik Vanclooster, Hallett, Paul D., Aaldrik Tiktak, Diederik Jacques, Tomas Vogel, Nicholas Jarvis, Peter Finke, Juan José Jiménez, Patricia Garnier, Li, Changsheng S., Jérôme Ogée, Alain Mollier, Francois Lafolie, Isabelle Cousin, Valerie Pot-Genty, Pierre-Alain Maron, Tiina Roose, Wall, Diana H., Andreas Schwen, Claude Doussan, Hans-Jörg Vogel, Gerard Govers, Wolfgang Durner, Eckart Priesack, Kurt Roth, Rainer Horn, Stefan Kollet, Andrea Rinaldo, Andy Whitmore, Keith Goulding, Parton, William J., Agrosphere Institute, IBG-3, Institute of Bio-geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems, HPSC TerrSys, Earth and Life Institute‐Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Department Soil Physics and Land Management, Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Soil and Terrestrial Environmental Physics, Department of Environmental Sciences [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Earth Sciences [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem dynamics, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Soil and Water Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Earth and Life Institute ‐ Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Institute for Environment, Health and Safet, Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology [Praha], Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Dept. Soil & Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space [Durham] (EOS), University of New Hampshire (UNH), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Southampton, School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Department Soil System Science [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institute for Geoecology, Soil Science and Soil Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Institute of Soil Ecology [Neuherberg] (IBOE), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Dipartimento IMAGE, and International Centre for Hydrology 'Dino Tonini', Universita degli Studi di Padova, Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins] (NREL), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bureau of Economic Geology [Austin] (BEG), Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Departement of Soil and Environment, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), University of California [Riverside] ( UCR ), University of California [Irvine] ( UCI ), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] ( ESS ), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ), University of California Davis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ( RPI ), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire ( SCK-CEN ), Czech Technical University in Prague ( CTU ), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Spanish National Research Council ( CSIC ), Environnement et Grandes Cultures ( EGC ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space [Durham] ( EOS ), University of New Hampshire ( UNH ), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère ( ISPA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes ( EMMAH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Unité de recherche Science du Sol ( USS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, University of Southampton [Southampton], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ( UFZ ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Geography, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Institute of Soil Ecology [Neuherberg] ( IBOE ), Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] ( IUP ), Christian Albrechts University, Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: absent
Published: 2014

31. On the need to establish an international soil modelling consortium

Author: Vereecken, Harry, Vanderborght, Jan, Schnepf, Andrea, Brüggemann, Nicolas, Amelung, Wulf, Herbst, Michael, Javaux, Mathieu, Van der Zee, Sjoerd E.A.T.M, Or, Dani, Simunek, Jirka, van Genuchten, Martinus Th., Vrugt, Jasper A., Hopmans, Jan W., Young, Michael H., Baveye, Philippe, Pachepsky, Yakov, Vanclooster, Marnik, Hallett, Paul D., Tiktak, Aaldrik, Jacques, Diederik, Vogel, Tomas, Jarvis, Nicholas, Finke, Peter, Jiménez, Juan José, Li, Changsheng S., Ogée, Jérôme, Mollier, Alain, Lafolie, Francois, Cousin, Isabelle, Pot-Genty, Valerie, Maron, Pierre-Alain, Roose, Tiina, Wall, Diana H., Schwen, Andreas, Doussan, Claude, Vogel, Hans-Jörg, Govers, Gerard, Durner, Wolfgang, Priesack, Eckart, Roth, Kurt, Horn, Rainer, Kollet, Stefan, Rinaldo, Andrea, Whitmore, Andy, Goulding, Keith, Parton, William J., Agrosphere Institute, IBG-3, Institute of Bio-geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems, HPSC TerrSys, Earth and Life Institute‐Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Department Soil Physics and Land Management, Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Soil and Terrestrial Environmental Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), Department of Environmental Sciences [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] ( UCR ), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Earth Sciences [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California [Irvine] ( UCI ), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] ( ESS ), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem dynamics, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ), Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Soil and Water Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ( RPI ), Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Earth and Life Institute ‐ Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Institute for Environment, Health and Safet, Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire ( SCK-CEN ), Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology [Praha], Czech Technical University in Prague ( CTU ), Dept. Soil & Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Spanish National Research Council ( CSIC ), Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space [Durham] ( EOS ), University of New Hampshire ( UNH ), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère ( ISPA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes ( EMMAH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Unité de recherche Science du Sol ( USS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Environnement et Grandes Cultures ( EGC ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Southampton [Southampton], School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department Soil System Science [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ( UFZ ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Geography, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Institute for Geoecology, Soil Science and Soil Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Institute of Soil Ecology [Neuherberg] ( IBOE ), Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] ( IUP ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian Albrechts University, Dipartimento IMAGE, and International Centre for Hydrology 'Dino Tonini', Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue, Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space [Durham] (EOS), University of New Hampshire (UNH), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, University of Southampton, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institute of Soil Ecology [Neuherberg] (IBOE), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins] (NREL), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bureau of Economic Geology [Austin] (BEG), Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Departement of Soil and Environment, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), and Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]
Subjects: sol, modélisation des sols, Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, partenariat de recherche, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Sciences de la Terre, expert scientifique, soil
Abstract: absent
Published: 2014

32. An introduction to the Special Issue of Marine and Petroleum Geology: Fluiderocketectonics interactions in basins and orogens

Author: Antonio Caracausi, Rudy Swennen, Olivier Lacombe, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, and Sezione di Palermo
Subjects: Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Oceanography, Diagenesis, Tectonics, Geophysics, Fluid dynamics, Petroleum geology, Economic Geology, Geomorphology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

33. Impact of sedimentology and diagenesis on the petrophysical properties of a tight oolitic carbonate reservoir. The case of the Oolithe Blanche Formation (Bathonian, Paris Basin, France)

Author: Christophe Rigollet, Steven Claes, Lisa Casteleyn, Jean-Pierre Sizun, Christian David, Rudy Swennen, Fabrice Monna, Françoise Bergerat, Pierre-Yves Collin, Yasin Makhloufi, Philippe Robion, Beatriz Menéndez, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris ( iSTeP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy ( GEC ), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE ( I-MAT ), Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), Work funded by the CNRS INSU-CESUR project and by the French Geological Survey (BRGM, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Orléans, France)., Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: Tight carbonate reservoir, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, Permeability, Diagenesis, Sedimentary depositional environment, Petrography, Petrophysics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Paris Basin, Sedimentology, Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Geology, Cementation (geology), Fluid-flow properties, Permeability (earth sciences), Geophysics, chemistry, Ooids, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Carbonate, Economic Geology, Porosity
Abstract: 18 pages; International audience; The Oolithe Blanche Formation was studied in three quarries, located at the south-eastern edge of the Paris Basin (France). Heterogeneities in reservoir properties were assessed through a sedimentological, diagenetic and petrophysical study. The relationships between depositional settings, diagenesis and petrophysical properties were analysed using detailed petrographic studies, image analysis, Nano CTscans and petrophysical measurements. The carbonate reservoir pore network is mainly controlled by intraparticle microporosity which ensures the connectivity with interparticle meso- and macroporosity. Early cementation vs. early compaction processes (mainly grain interpenetration) may have considerable influence on fluid-flow properties and parameters such as permeability, acoustic velocities and tortuosity. Better reservoir properties are found when compaction processes begin before cementation. From statistical analyses, e.g. Principal Component Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis, a sedimentological/diagenetic and petrophysical model is proposed that is in a good agreement with the geological model developed from field work.
Published: 2013

34. Water column distribution and carbon isotopic signal of cholesterol, brassicasterol and particulate organic carbon in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

Author: F.A. Dehairs, A.-J. Cavagna, Steven Bouillon, V. Woule-Ebongue, Frédéric Planchon, Ioanna Bouloubassi, Bruno Delille, Analytical and Environmental Chemistry and Earth System Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Royal Museum of Central Africa, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'astrophysique, Géophysique et Océanographie (AGO), Université de Liège, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Thisresearch was supported by the European Network of Excellence forOcean Ecosystems Analysis, through a Ph.D. grant to A.-J. Cav-agna (EUR-OCEANS FP6 contract 511106), the Federal BelgianScience Policy Office (BELSPO) under the Science for Sustainable Development (SDD) program (Integrated Study of Southern OceanBiogeochemistry and Climate Interaction in the AnthropoceneBELCANTO contracts EV/37/7C, EV/03/7A, SD/CA/03A) andthe FWO project G.0220.10, BONUS-GoodHope, European Project: 511106,EUR-OCEANS NoE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Division of Soil and Water Management Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mesopelagic zone, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:Life, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Brassicasterol, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Water column, Ocean gyre, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, carbon, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Plankton, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Ecology, Surface water, Geology
Abstract: Titre original dans Biogeosciences Discussions : Whole water column distribution and carbon isotopic composition of bulk particulate organic carbon, cholesterol and brassicasterol from the Cape Basin to the northern Weddell Gyre in the Southern Ocean (DOI : 10.5194/BGD-9-1667-2012); International audience; The combination of concentrations and δ13C signatures of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and sterols provides a powerful approach to study ecological and environmental changes both in the modern and ancient ocean, but its application has so far been restricted to the surface area. We applied this tool to study the biogeochemical changes in the modern ocean water column during the BONUS-GoodHope survey (Feb-Mar 2008) from Cape Basin to the northern part of the Weddell Gyre. Cholesterol and brassicasterol were chosen as ideal biomarkers of the heterotrophic and autotrophic carbon pools, respectively, because of their ubiquitous and relatively refractory nature. We document depth distributions of concentrations (relative to bulk POC) and δ13C signatures of cholesterol and brassicasterol from the Cape Basin to the northern Weddell Gyre combined with CO2 aq. surface concentration variation. While relationships between surface water CO2 aq. and δ13C of bulk POC and biomarkers have been previously established for surface waters, our data show that these remain valid in deeper waters, suggesting that δ13C signatures of certain biomarkers could be developed as proxies for surface water CO2 aq. Our data suggest a key role of zooplankton fecal aggregates in carbon export for this part of the Southern Ocean. We observed a general increase in sterol δ13C signatures with depth, which is likely related to a combination of particle size effects, selective feeding on larger cells by zooplankton, and growth rate related effects Additionally, in the southern part of the transect south of the Polar Front (PF), the release of sea-ice algae is hypothesized to influence the isotopic signature of sterols in the open ocean. Overall, combined use of δ13C and concentrations measurements of both bulk organic C and specific sterol markers throughout the water column shows the promising potential of analyzing δ13C signatures of individual marine sterols to explore the recent history of plankton and the fate of organic matter in the SO.
Published: 2013

35. A novel comparative research platform designed to determine the functional significance of tree species diversity in European forests

Author: Julia Koricheva, Leena Finér, Hervé Jactel, Martin Hermy, Daniel Avacariei, Ewa Chećko, Andy Hector, Miguel A. Zavala, Sandra Mueller, David Coomess, Gabriel Duduman, Mario Liebergesell, Harriet Milligan, Hans De Wandeler, Wim de Vries, Marc Deconchat, Manfred J. Lexer, Adam Benneter, Johanna Boberg, Virginie Guyot, Arthur Gessler, Helge Bruelheide, Martina Pollastrini, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Teresa E. Gimeno, Eric Allan, Wolfgang Braggernann, Sigrid Berger, Andrea Coppi, Liviu Nichiforel, Diem Nguyen, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Mariangela N. Fotelli, Sonia G. Rabasa, Evy Ampoorter, Lars Vesterdal, Bart Muys, Ionu Barnoaiea, Carsten Beinhoff, Christian Wirth, Sophia Ratcliffe, Stephan Haettenschwiler, Raphaël Proulx, Charlotte Grossiord, Kris Verheyen, Damien Bonal, Lander Baeten, V. Holland, François-Xavier Joly, Markus Fischer, Ian Seiferling, Dawid Zielinski, Bastien Castagneyrol, Harald Auge, Raquel Benavides, Felix Berthold, Tommaso Jucker, Kalliopi Radoglou, Filippo Bussotti, Klaus von Wilpert, Federico Selvi, Cristina C. Bastias, Eleftheria Dalmaris, Fernando Valladaresh, André Granier, Seid Muhie Dawud, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Yohan Charbonnier, Monique Carnol, Simon Kolb, Jürgen Bauhus, Luc Barbaro, Gabriel Danila, Timo Domisch, Lydia Hantsch, Jan Stenlid, Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Institut für Biologie I, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Dept. of Agri-Food and Environmental Sciences, Section of Soil and Plant Science, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Finnish Forest Research Institute, University of Warsaw (UW), University of Bern, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), German Institute for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Faculty of Biology, Chair of Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Bretagne Vivante, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Department for Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Plant Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013, 265171], Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), German Research Foundation, University of Florence (UNIFI), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), and Albert Ludwigs University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, services, productivity, stands, consequences, Biodiversity, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Multidiversity, biodiversity loss, Forest ecology, Forest plot, ecosystem function, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Ecosystem diversity, Duurzaam Bodemgebruik, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sustainable Soil Use, WIMEK, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Species diversity, FunDivEUROPE, 15. Life on land, Tree (data structure), Environmental Systems Analysis, Milieusysteemanalyse, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Multifunctionality, Ecosystem functioning, Species evenness, evenness, Species richness, business, Tree species diversity, richness, 010606 plant biology & botany, temperate
Abstract: Lander Baeten [et al.], One of the current advances in functional biodiversity research is the move away from short-lived test systems towards the exploration of diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in structurally more complex ecosystems. In forests, assumptions about the functional significance of tree species diversity have only recently produced a new generation of research on ecosystem processes and services. Novel experimental designs have now replaced traditional forestry trials, but these comparatively young experimental plots suffer from specific difficulties that are mainly related to the tree size and longevity. Tree species diversity experiments therefore need to be complemented with comparative observational studies in existing forests. Here we present the design and implementation of a new network of forest plots along tree species diversity gradients in six major European forest types: the FunDivEUROPE Exploratory Platform. Based on a review of the deficiencies of existing observational approaches and of unresolved research questions and hypotheses, we discuss the fundamental criteria that shaped the design of our platform. Key features include the extent of the species diversity gradient with mixtures up to five species, strict avoidance of a dilution gradient, special attention to community evenness and minimal covariation with other environmental factors. The new European research platform permits the most comprehensive assessment of tree species diversity effects on forest ecosystem functioning to date since it offers a common set of research plots to groups of researchers from very different disciplines and uses the same methodological approach in contrasting forest types along an extensive environmental gradient. © 2013 Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics., AcknowledgementsThe research leading to these results has received fund-ing from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme(FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n◦265171.
Published: 2013

36. Major Changes in Growth Rate and Growth Variability of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Related to Soil Alteration and Climate Change in Belgium

Author: François Lebourgeois, Vincent Kint, Hugues Claessens, Nicolas Latte, Jérôme Perin, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: dendrochronologie, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forest management, Climate change, fagus sylvatica, facteur édaphique, taux de croissance, growth trends, 01 natural sciences, mixed-effects models, soil compaction, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Fagus sylvatica, Dendrochronology, arbre forestier feuillu, Milieux et Changements globaux, skin and connective tissue diseases, Beech, belgique, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, changement climatique, radial growth, dendrochronology, tree size, climate sensitivity, nitrogen deposition, croissance radiale, biology, Ecology, facteur climatique, Forestry, Global change, lcsh:QK900-989, accroissement du diamètre, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Soil compaction, lcsh:Plant ecology, Climate sensitivity, Environmental science, sense organs, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Global change—particularly climate change, forest management, and atmospheric deposition—has significantly altered forest growing conditions in Europe. The influences of these changes on beech growth (Fagus sylvatica L.) were investigated for the past 80 years in Belgium, using non-linear mixed effects models on ring-width chronologies of 149 mature and dominant beech trees (87–186 years old). The effects of the developmental stage (i.e., increasing tree size) were filtered out in order to focus on time-dependent growth changes. Beech radial growth was divided into a low-frequency signal (=growth rate), mainly influenced by forest management and atmospheric deposition, and into a high-frequency variability (≈mean sensitivity), mainly influenced by climate change. Between 1930 and 2008, major long-term and time-dependent changes were highlighted. The beech growth rate has decreased by about 38% since the 1950–1960s, and growth variability has increased by about 45% since the 1970–1980s. Our results indicate that (1) before the 1980s, beech growth rate was not predominantly impacted by climate change but rather by soil alteration (i.e., soil compaction and/or nitrogen deposition); and (2) since the 1980s, climate change induced more frequent and intense yearly growth reductions that amplified the growth rate decrease. The highlighted changes were similar in the two ecoregions of Belgium, although more pronounced in the lowlands than in the uplands.
Published: 2016

37. The sustainability of quinoa production in southern Bolivia: from misrepresentations to questionable solutions, comments on Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390-399)

Author: Winkel, Thierry, Bertero, Hector Daniel, Bommel, Pierre, Bourliaud, Jean, Chevarria-Lazo, Marco, Cortes, Geneviève, Gasselin, Pierre, Geerts, S., Joffre, Richard, Léger, F., Martinez Avisa, B., Rambal, Serge, Rivière, G., Tichit, M., Tourrand, Jean-François, Vassas Toral, A., Vacher, J.J., Vieira Pak, Manuela, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Facultad de Agronomia, Catedra de Produccion Vegetal, University of Buenos Aires, Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (Cirad-Es-UPR 47 GREEN), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de recherche Paysannerie, Territoires, Environnement, Marchés et politiques Publiques (MONA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire (Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre national d'études agronomiques des régions chaudes (CNEARC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Mondes Américains (CERMA), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elevage des ruminants en régions chaudes (UMR ERRC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-06-PADD-011 EQUECO, and Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Bolivia, agriculture durable, consommation alimentaire, Politique de développement, Andes, soil degradation, scientific ethics, E14 - Économie et politique du développement, Dégradation du sol, bolivia, Chenopodium quinoa, dégradation des sols, Donnée de production, andes, quinoa, sustainable agriculture, Développement durable, food consumption, E73 - Économie de la consommation, éthique scientifique, Éthique, chenopodium quinoa
Abstract: Reviewing the situation of quinoa production in southern Bolivia, Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390) argues that the booming export market has a negative effect on the environment and on the home consumption of quinoa, thereby leading to an environmental disaster in the region. In view of the scarcity of scientific knowledge on the rapid social and environmental dynamics in the region, we consider that Jacobsen's review misrepresents the situation of quinoa production in southern Bolivia. Specifically, we argue that (i) the data presented by Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390) do not support any drop in quinoa crop yield supposed to reflect soil degradation and (ii) his demonstration regarding home consumption of quinoa is ill-founded from both a nutritional and a cultural point of view. We suggest that the diffusion of the arguments exposed by Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390), because of their flaws, might have strong negative impacts on those concerned with sustainable food production and fair-trade with developing countries. We conclude that, rather than reinforced agro-technical controls on local farmers, the rising competition in the international quinoa market requires a shift towards an ethical economy and ethical research cooperation with quinoa producers.
Published: 2012

38. The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary

Author: Philippe Claeys, Christian Koeberl, Wolf Uwe Reimold, Vivi Vajda, Charles S. Cockell, Sean P. S. Gulick, Tobias Salge, Clive R. Neal, David A. Kring, Kenneth G. MacLeod, Douglas J. Nichols, Jay Melosh, Paul R. Bown, Joanna Morgan, J.M. Grajales-Nishimura, Michael T. Whalen, Penny Barton, Kirk R. Johnson, Greg Ravizza, Arthur R. Sweet, Elisabetta Pierazzo, Kazuhisa Goto, Robert P. Speijer, Gareth S. Collins, Takafumi Matsui, Gail L. Christeson, Eric Robin, Tamara J. Goldin, Peter Schulte, Wolfgang Kiessling, José A. Arz, Alessandro Montanari, Laia Alegret, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Richard D Norris, Alexander Deutsch, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, Pi Suhr Willumsen, Richard A. F. Grieve, Timothy J. Bralower, Ignacio Arenillas, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Earth Sciences [UCL london], University College of London [London] (UCL), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Earth System Science Group [Brussels] (ESSc), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] (PSSRI), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Imperial College London, Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), University of Vienna [Vienna], School of Engineering [Tohoku Univ], Tohoku University [Sendai], Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (IMP), Earth Sciences Sector, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Center for Lunar Science and Exploration [Houston], Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geological Sciences [Columbia], University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, Dept of Complex Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco (OGC), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Science [Notre Dame] (CEEES), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Department of Geology and Geophysics [Mānoa], University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan (CICY), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bruker Nano GmbH, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Earth System Sciences, Isotope Geology and Evolution of Paleo-Environmnents, Chemistry, Geology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Purdue University], Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California-University of California, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, event, Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Extinction, Biological, 01 natural sciences, Minor Planets, KT boundary, Paleontology, perturbations, Phanerozoic, western north-atlantic, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Deccan Traps, Mesozoic, dinosaurs, Mexico, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, new-zealand, Extinction event, Multidisciplinary, Extinction, crater, Fossils, k-p boundary, 15. Life on land, el kef, tertiary boundary, Impact, 13. Climate action, Asteroid or comet, Flood basalt, mass extinction, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Paleogene, yucatan peninsula, survivorship, Geology
Abstract: The Fall of the Dinosaurs According to the fossil record, the rule of dinosaurs came to an abrupt end ∼65 million years ago, when all nonavian dinosaurs and flying reptiles disappeared. Several possible mechanisms have been suggested for this mass extinction, including a large asteroid impact and major flood volcanism. Schulte et al. (p. 1214 ) review how the occurrence and global distribution of a global iridium-rich deposit and impact ejecta support the hypothesis that a single asteroid impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, triggered the extinction event. Such an impact would have instantly caused devastating shock waves, a large heat pulse, and tsunamis around the globe. Moreover, the release of high quantities of dust, debris, and gases would have resulted in a prolonged cooling of Earth's surface, low light levels, and ocean acidification that would have decimated primary producers including phytoplankton and algae, as well as those species reliant upon them.
Published: 2010

39. Herramientas de simulación para el apoyo de toma de decisiones en la gestión forestal adaptativa en Europa

Author: François Gillet, Vincent Kint, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Marek Fabrika, Bart Muys, Elemer Briceño, Hans Pretzsch, Jari Hynynen, Marc Palahí, Manfred J. Lexer, Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Laboratoire des systèmes écologiques ( ECOS ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), COST Action FP0603, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), European Project, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Laboratoire des systèmes écologiques (ECOS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), thèmeTCS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Laboratoire des systèmes écologiques ( ECOS ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ) -Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), and Department of Forest Sciences
Subjects: Decision support system, simulator, simuladores, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, decision support system, Computer science, forest management, Ecosystem Management, 01 natural sciences, Growth-Model, Validation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 4112 Forestry, Environmental resource management, Temperature, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, WOOD QUALITY, forest model, Dynamics, climate change, Risk analysis (engineering), Ecosystem management, User interface, cambio climático, Co2 Elevation, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Forest management, Planificacion forestal multi-objetivo, Soil Science, Context (language use), sistemas de soporte a la decisión, multi-objective forest planning, Afforestation, ComputerApplications_MISCELLANEOUS, modelos forestales, Tree Growth, Quality (business), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 040101 forestry, User Friendly, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business.industry, Simulation modeling, 15. Life on land, Carbon, 13. Climate action, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Prediction, business
Abstract: In forest management there is a tendency towards measuring less and simulating more. In this context the development of reliable, user friendly forest simulators has become economically relevant. The objective of this perspective paper is to highlight the recent trends in forest simulation and to identify the remaining challenges to make forest simulation a reliable tool for forest policy and management. Experiences with forest simulators for various purposes in different geographical contexts illustrate how the important challenges of forest decision support can be addressed through flexible customization for different end-user categories, offering spatially explicit approaches at the landscape scale, and integrating empirical and mechanistic models in hybrid and bayesian simulation approaches. Recent development trends in forest simulation for decision support are mainly related to the ever increasing calculation speed and capacity of computers, facilitating the development of robust tools with comfortable user interface and realistic functions and options. Another trend is the combination of simulation tools with optimization and choice algorithms fading away the difference between simulators and decision support systems. The remaining challenges are basically in the high expectations of stakeholders concerning the ability of simulators to predict a range of outcomes in terms of ecosystem services and sustainability indicators, as well as the quality of their outcome in terms of output credibility to stakeholders. Need for accepted and realistic model validation and verification methods preferably using empirical data is crucial in this matter. En la planificación de la gestión forestal existe la tendencia a medir menos y similar más. En este contexto, el desarrollo de simuladores forestales es económicamente relevante para el gestor. El objetivo de este artículo es el de discutir y enfatizar tendencias en el ámbito de la simulación forestal e identificar retos importantes para que la simulación forestal sea una herramienta fiable en el proceso decisorio de la planificación forestal y en el de desarrollo de políticas. Varios ejemplos de simuladores forestales existentes y que responden a objetivos y escalas geográficas distintas, ilustran como la capacidad analítica de los gestores puede mejorar sustancialmente para responder a los grandes retos en el proceso decisorio de la gestión forestal. El artículo presenta simuladores que responden a necesidades de diferentes usuarios y hacen frente a distintas cuestiones, utilizando distintos enfoques y herramientas; desde simuladores espacialmente explícitos basados en modelos empíricos que son integrados con herramientas de optimización, hasta simuladores mecanísticos o basados en enfoques híbridos y bayesianos. El desarrollo más reciente en simulación forestal esta sobretodo relacionado con el incremento de capacidad de cálculo de los computadores, lo que ha facilitado el desarrollo de herramienta robustas y visuales, fáciles de utilizar por los usuarios finales. Otra tendencia, importante es la combinación de herramientas de simulación con técnicas de optimización númerica, lo cual posibilita el desarrollo de los mas modernos sistemas de soporte a la decisión. Uno de los retos más importantes es el de colmar las altas expectativas de los principales agentes y centros decisores forestales en relación a la capacidad de los simuladores y sistemas de apoyo a la decisión para proporcionar información relevante en relación a los servicios ecosistémicos e indicadores de sostenibilidad. En este contexto, es necesaria la validación de los diferentes modelos que configuran los simuladores haciendo uso de información empírica disponible.
Published: 2010

40. Response-Cretaceous Extinctions

Author: Richard A. F. Grieve, Penny Barton, Arthur R. Sweet, Robert P. Speijer, Peter Schulte, Vivi Vajda, Michael T. Whalen, David A. Kring, Timothy J. Bralower, Alessandro Montanari, Wolfgang Kiessling, Charles S. Cockell, Eric Robin, Joanna Morgan, Clive R. Neal, Elisabetta Pierazzo, Gail L. Christeson, Ignacio Arenillas, Kenneth G. MacLeod, Kirk R. Johnson, Sean P. S. Gulick, Jay Melosh, J.M. Grajales-Nishimura, Tobias Salge, Gareth S. Collins, Greg Ravizza, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Takafumi Matsui, Kazuhisa Goto, Richard D Norris, Tamara J. Goldin, Pi Suhr Willumsen, José A. Arz, Wolf Uwe Reimold, Laia Alegret, Philippe Claeys, Christian Koeberl, Paul R. Bown, Alexander Deutsch, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, GeoZentrum Nordbayem, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Department of Earth Sciences [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Earth Sciences [UCL london], University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Earth System Science Group [Brussels] (ESSc), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] (PSSRI), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Planetary Exploration Research Center [Chiba] (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology (CIT), Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (IMP), Earth Sciences Sector, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Research and Collections Division, Denver, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Center for Lunar Science and Exploration [Houston], Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, Earth and Atmospheric, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco (OGC), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Science [Notre Dame] (CEEES), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), SIO Geological, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Bruker Nano GmbH, Bruker Nano, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Geological Survey of Canada [Calgary] (GSC Calgary), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Laboratorio de Paleomagnetismo de Paleomagnetismo y Paleoambientes, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], University of Alaska [Anchorage], Universität Erlangen, Université de Zaragoza, University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Department of Earth Sciences, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Institute for Geophysics, Earth System Science, Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] ( PSSRI ), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] ( CEPSAR ), The Open University [Milton Keynes] ( OU ) -The Open University [Milton Keynes] ( OU ), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [London], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster ( WWU ), Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology ( CIT ), Programa de Geología de Exploracíon y Explotacíon, Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Natural Resources Canada, Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Center for Lunar Science and Exploration, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] ( LPI ), UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] ( PSI ), University of Hawaii at Manoa ( UHM ), LAboratoire de Recherche en Mécanique Appliquée ( LARMAUR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Ressources Naturelles Canada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Alaska, Penn State Department of Geosciences, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
Subjects: Extinction event, Sea level change, Multidisciplinary, Extinction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cretaceous, Paleontology, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Impact crater, Asteroid, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Flood basalt, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Letters by Archibald et al. , Keller et al. , and Courtillot and Fluteau question our conclusion that the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction was caused by the asteroid impact at Chicxulub. All three Letters stress that Deccan flood basalt volcanism played a major role in the extinction. Keller
Published: 2010

41. The effect of mechanical stimulation on root and shoot development of young containerised Quercus robur and Robinia pseudoacacia trees

Author: Sarah De Baets, Bert Reubens, Bart Muys, Frédéric Danjon, Barbara Pannemans, Josse De Baerdemaeker, Jean Poesen, Maurice De Proft, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MEBIOS), and Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, biology, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Robinia, Plant physiology, food and beverages, Forestry, Plant Science, Root system, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Quercus robur, Horticulture, Deciduous, Botany, Shoot, Thigmomorphogenesis, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Thigmomorphogenesis is a well-studied process in agricultural crops and coniferous trees. Nevertheless, the effects on both shoot and root characteristics for deciduous woody species received little attention so far. In this study, the objective was to understand the effect of aboveground flexing treatments on the development of structural, mechanical and physiological root and shoot characteristics for two deciduous tree species, Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.). Flexing treatments were performed using an electromechanical device with a rotating arm touching and bending the plants at regular intervals. A wide range of stem, shoot as well as root system characteristics was measured. The different flexing treatments altered above- and belowground plant development for both species, with strongest effects on Quercus and most significant differences between the control and the unidirectional flexing treatment. Some responses are in accordance with previous findings, such as stem eccentricity and reduced shoot elongation under unidirectional flexing, but others are renewing, such as the lower stomatal density and larger epidermal cell surface for the Quercus plants under variable flexing direction. Despite some common responses, both species frequently differed in the way they were affected. Belowground, Quercus plants under unidirectional flexing invested relatively more in their first order root and deeper second order roots, whereas Robinia plants allocated relatively more to fine root biomass and horizontal shallow roots. Both strategies potentially increased pull-out as well as overturning resistance in their own way. The presented findings are valid for young trees grown in small containers. Based on practical know-how and shortcomings experienced in the course of this experiment, methodological recommendations are formulated. We finally stress the complex variability in growth responses, especially for root systems, observed in different studies and related to dissimilarity in species, soil conditions, plant history or type of mechanical perturbation.
Published: 2009

42. Le décrochage universitaire, abandon académique ou rebond professionnel ? Réflexions sur la place du projet professionnel dans le projet universitaire

Author: Antony Vinciguerra, Laurence Cornu, Robert Courtois, Psychologie des âges de la vie et adaptation (PAVeA), Université de Tours, Laboratoire d'études et de recherches sur les logiques contemporaines de la philosophie (LLCP), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Guillaumin, S. Pesce, S. Renier, E. Rusch, and Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience

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