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Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify loci associated with agronomic (days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, seed yield and seed weight), seed morphology (shape and dimpling), and seed quality (protein, starch, and fiber concentrations) traits of field pea (Pisum sativum L.). A collection of 135 pea accessions from 23 different breeding programs in Africa (Ethiopia), Asia (India), Australia, Europe (Belarus, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Lithuania, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine and United Kingdom), and North America (Canada and USA), was used for the GWAS. The accessions were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). After filtering for a minimum read depth of five, and minor allele frequency of 0.05, 16,877 high quality SNPs were selected to determine marker-trait associations (MTA). The LD decay (LD1/2max,90) across the chromosomes varied from 20 to 80 kb. Population structure analysis grouped the accessions into nine subpopulations. The accessions were evaluated in multi-year, multi-location trials in Olomouc (Czech Republic), Fargo, North Dakota (USA), and Rosthern and Sutherland, Saskatchewan (Canada) from 2013 to 2017. Each trait was phenotyped in at least five location-years. MTAs that were consistent across multiple trials were identified. Chr5LG3_566189651 and Chr5LG3_572899434 for plant height, Chr2LG1_409403647 for lodging resistance, Chr1LG6_57305683 and Chr1LG6_366513463 for grain yield, Chr1LG6_176606388, Chr2LG1_457185, Chr3LG5_234519042 and Chr7LG7_8229439 for seed starch concentration, and Chr3LG5_194530376 for seed protein concentration were identified from different locations and years. This research identified SNP markers associated with important traits in pea that have potential for marker-assisted selection towards rapid cultivar improvement.

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; Eight germplasm lines of green pea (Pisum sativum L.)-RIL 846-07 (Reg. No. GP-99, PI 660729), RIL 847-08 (Reg. No. GP-100, PI 660730), RIL 847-22 (Reg. No. GP-101, PI 660731), RIL 847-28 (Reg. No. GP-102, PI 660732), RIL 847-45 (Reg. No. GP-103, PI 660733), RIL 847-50 (Reg. No. GP-104, PI 660734), RIL 847-53 (Reg. No. GP-105, PI 660735), and RIL 847-68 (Reg. No. GP-106, PI 660736)-were developed and released jointly by the USDA-ARS, the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), and North Dakota State University. They were selected from an F-8-derived recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross between 'Dark Skin Perfection' and 90-2131. These lines all have high levels of partial resistance to root rot caused by Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs. f. sp. pisi when screened in 12 environments of 10 infested field nurseries across 4 yr and four locations in the USA and France and with two reference isolates in controlled conditions. On the basis of a disease index derived from the 12 environments (location-years), these lines had improved partial resistance compared with either parent. RIL 847-028, RIL 847-050, RIL 847-053, and RIL 847-068 performed better in U.S. field nurseries than in the French nurseries. Conversely, RIL 846-007, RIL 847-008, RIL 847-022, and RIL 847-045 performed better in the French field nurseries than in the U.S. nurseries. The eight lines also have acceptable agronomic characteristics: they have white flowers, straight blunt green pods, and green cotyledons; are clear seeded and semidwarf; and flower at the 14th-16th node in 57-61 d. The release of these germplasms will assist the breeding and development of either smooth-or wrinkle-seeded cultivars for the fresh or freezer pea and dry pea markets, respectively, with improved partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot.

International audience; Multi-service cover crops are used to provide ecosystem services, particularly for nitrogen management, such as “nitrate catching” and "green manuring" effects. Sowing cover crop mixtures including legumes and non-legumes have the advantage of combining the provision of both services related to N management thanks to phenomena of niche complementarity and/or facilitation in the capture of abiotic resources. When complementarities are optimized, these species mixtures can achieve both effects similarly to those provided by the average of mono specific cover crops, especially for nitrate catching. In addition, the complementarity for the access to light thanks to species having different aerial architectures and contrasted temporal complementarities enable them to obtain services in relay, in particular in the case of the longest fallow periods over mid-Spring. However, in order to achieve the targeted services, attention must be paid to limit competition between species in particular during early stages.